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Cabletron Systems MMAC-Plus 9A000 User Manual

Cabletron systems atm switch user's guide
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MMAC-Plus
9A000, SFCS-200BX,
SFCS-200WG and SFCS-1000
ATM SWITCH
User's Guide

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Summary of Contents for Cabletron Systems MMAC-Plus 9A000

  • Page 1 ™ MMAC-Plus 9A000, SFCS-200BX, SFCS-200WG and SFCS-1000 ATM SWITCH User’s Guide...
  • Page 3 Notice Notice Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in specifications and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.

  • Page 4: Fcc Notice

    Notice FCC Notice This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    1.2 Hardware Description... 1-2 1.2.1 Front Panel Description ... 1-4 1.2.2 9A000 and SFCS Series Hardware Configuration... 1-4 1.2.3 9A000 and SFCS Series Switch Board ... 1-4 1.2.4 Switch Control Processor... 1-5 1.2.5 9A000 and SFCS Series Network Modules ... 1-5 1.2.6 Environmental Information...
  • Page 6 5.2.2.1 Replacing an SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply (Model A)... 5-6 5.2.2.2 Replacing an SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply (Model B) ... 5-9 5.3 SFCS-1000 Fan Tray Replacement... 5-12 5.4 Switch Control Processor Replacement ... 5-13 5.5 Switch Board Replacement ... 5-15...
  • Page 7 6.4 Using bootp to Download Software to the Switch... 6-9 6.4.1 Overview... 6-9 6.4.2 Setting Up Your bootp Server ... 6-9 6.4.3 Adding an Entry for Your Switch in the bootptab File... 6-10 6.4.4 Setting Up a tftpboot Server... 6-12 Appendix A Troubleshooting A.1.1 Run Looptest ...
  • Page 8 Contents Appendix C Hardware Specifications C.1.1 C.1.2 C.1.3 SFCS-1000 ... C-4 ATM Network Modules... C-5 C.2.1 100 Mbps TAXI Module ... C-5 C.2.2 155 Mbps OC-3c/STM-1 MM Module ... C-6 C.2.3 155 Mbps STS-3c/STM-1 UTP Module ... C-7 C.2.3.1 155 Mbps UTP Pinout Specifications ... C-8 C.2.3.2 Connecting Switches with 155 Mbps UTP Network Modules C-8 C.2.4 622 Mbps OC-12c/STM-4c MM Module ...

  • Page 9: Preface

    Cabletron 9A000 and SecureFast Cell Switch-200BX ATM Switches. It pro- vides information for the 9A000 and SFCS-200BX switches and the user- installable network modules offering both LAN and WAN interfaces. This document also provides safety instructions, general product information, net- work configuration information and information on software administration...

  • Page 10: Important Information Indicators

    To call your attention to safety and otherwise important information that must be reviewed to insure correct and complete installation, as well as to avoid damage to the ForeRunner Switch or your system, Cabletron Systems utilizes the following WARNING/CAUTION/NOTE indicators.
  • Page 11 NOTE: Cabletron Systems strongly recommends that you disconnect the serial cable once you have configured the ATM switch and then access the switch over the ATM network.

  • Page 12: Laser Warning

    PREFACE Laser Warning Class 1 lasers are defined as products which do not permit human access to laser radiation in excess of the accessible limits of Class 1 for applicable wave- lengths and durations. These lasers are safe under reasonably foreseeable conditions of operation.

  • Page 13: Safety Agency Compliance

    Safety Agency Compliance This preface provides safety precautions to follow when installing a Cabletron Systems, Inc., product. Safety Precautions For your protection, observe the following safety precautions when setting up your equipment: • Follow all warnings and instructions marked on the equipment.

  • Page 14: Modifications To Equipment

    PREFACE Modifications to Equipment Do not make mechanical or electrical modifications to the equipment. Cabletron Systems, Inc., is not responsible for regulatory compliance of a modified product. Placement of a Cabletron Systems Product CAUTION Power Cord Connection WARNING! WARNING! To ensure reliable operation of your Cabletron...

  • Page 15: Chapter 1 Introduction

    CHAPTER 1 Introduction The Cabletron 9A000 and SFCS series ATM Switch brings ATM connectivity to LAN workgroup, LAN backbone, and LAN/WAN internetworking applica- tions. Together with the Cabletron series of ATM Computer Interfaces, the 9A000 and SFCS series meet the networking demands of today’s distributed, time-critical applications.

  • Page 16: Hardware Description

    DS-3, DS-1, E-3, or J-2 services. Interconnecting multiple 9A000 and SFCS series switches at various speeds is simple. Once a new 9A000 and SFCS series switch is added to the network, all other switches recognize its presence and dynamically establish connec- tions to ports on the new switch.
  • Page 17 Introduction Figure 1.1 - 9A000 Switch Configuration...

  • Page 18: Front Panel Description

    Figure 1.2 - SFCS-200BX Switch Configuration 1.2.1 Front Panel Description The front panel of the 9A000 and SFCS series includes the following features: a power switch, two power supply LEDs, a RESET button, an RS-232 serial port, an Ethernet 10BaseT port, a NEXT pushbutton, a SELECT pushbutton, a display LED, and a power LED.

  • Page 19: Switch Control Processor

    ATM adapter in a workstation (such as the Fore SBA-200 SBus Adapter). Since it has the ability to communicate over IP, the 9A000 and SFCS series can route IP traffic from one given IP network to another. The switch control processor, and associated software, manages the behavior of the 9A000 and SFCS series switch board (i.e., connection setup), but is not...
  • Page 20 Connection Setup Time Maximum Port Speed Power (nominal) Dimensions Weight Operating Temperature Operating Humidity Storage Temperature Storage Humidity SFCS Series/9A000 2.5 Gbps non-blocked UNI 3.1 dual leaky bucket support up to 24 ports < 10 microseconds < 10 milliseconds 622 Mbps...

  • Page 21: Standards Compliance

    • Electrical Fast Transient Compatibility: IEC 801-4, Level 2 Software Description The software for the 9A000 and SFCS series runs on a FLASH file system to accomplish switch and connection management, IP connectivity, and SNMP network management. 1.3.1 Switch Control Software The Switch Control Software (SCS) is the “brains”...
  • Page 22 Introduction...

  • Page 23: Chapter 2 Installing The 9A000

    CHAPTER 2 This chapter contains the procedures for installing the 9A000. The installation of the SFCS series is covered in Chapter 3. Installing the 9A000 To install the Cabletron 9A000, follow the steps below: Switch off the power supplies and remove all power from the MMAC-Plus chassis.
  • Page 24 Installing the 9A000 Metal Back-Panel Ensure that the circuit card is between the card guides. Figure 2.1 - Installing the 9A000 Module F L N K F L N K F L N K F L N K I N S...

  • Page 25: The Reset Switch

    The Reset Switch The Reset switch is located on the rightmost front panel, under the top plastic tab as shown in Figure 2.2. It serves two functions: • Pressing the reset switch twice within three seconds causes the pro- cessor (i960) to reset.
  • Page 26 Installing the 9A000...

  • Page 27: Chapter 3 Switch Hardware

    CHAPTER 3 Switch Hardware Cabletron Systems offers a full line of ATM products that work together to provide a complete ATM network solution. The Cabletron SFCS-200WG ATM switch provide high-performance ATM connectivity for LAN workgroup and desktop applications. The SFCS-200BX ATM switch and the SFCS-1000 ATM switch offer high reliability and port density for LAN backbone and LAN/ WAN internetworking applications.
  • Page 28 Switch Hardware Switch Hardware Configurations The SFCS-200WG, as shown in Figure 3.1, is a self-contained ATM switch that provides an Ethernet connection for network management access. The SFCS-200WG ATM switch hardware consists of a single switch board with an i960 SCP, network modules, and fans. These components work together to provide ATM switching capabilities, as well as distributed connection setup and management.
  • Page 29 The SFCS-1000, as shown in Figure 3.3, is a self-contained ATM switch that provides an Ethernet connection for network management access. The hard- ware for the SFCS-1000 consists of up to four switch boards, each with an i960 SCP; network modules; redundant power supplies; a Common Equipment Card (CEC);...
  • Page 30 Switch Hardware SFCS-1000 SYSTEMS 48V DC 48V DC F12A/250V F12A/250V AC Volt. In AC Volt. In Figure 3.3 - SFCS-1000 Switch Configuration...

  • Page 31: Switch Hardware Components

    SFCS-1000 can be populated with as many as four switch boards. Each switch board can accept up to four network modules, which themselves can contain up to six ports each. The switch board also has an interface, controlled by the SCP, that is functionally equivalent to an ATM host interface.

  • Page 32: I960 Switch Control Processor

    3.2.2.1.1 RESET Button The RESET button allows the user to reset the switch control software on the SCP. Using RESET “soft boots” the SCP and runs the initial power-on diag- nostics. All open AMI sessions are ended by the SCP, and all ports lose any active sessions and initially go off-line after a reset.
  • Page 33 The port is transmitting normally. Table 3.3 - Ethernet 10BaseT Receive LED Description LED Color The port is failing link integrity. green The port is receiving normally. Switch Hardware Signal Name Data Carrier Detect Receive Data Transmit Data Data Terminal Ready...
  • Page 34 3.2.2.1.4 CTL Port A control port inside the SCP, referred to in the switch software as the CTL port, is a logical (not physical) location where cells that are directed to the SCP itself are sent. The CTL port has two roles, serving as both a host and a switch board controller.

  • Page 35: Network Modules

    When the power is turned off, the power LED is extinguished. 3.2.3 Network Modules The network modules in a Cabletron switch board act as the physical input/ output ports to the switch board. A network module may have one, two, four, or six physical ports, depending on its configuration. 3.2.3.1...
  • Page 36 For example, according to this notation, the fourth port on a network module in slot B of switch board #2 is port 2B4. Figure 3.6 illustrates how the ports of various network modules, located in switch board #4 of an SFCS-1000, for example, would be numbered. PORT PORT PORT Figure 3.6 - Network Module Port Numbering...

  • Page 37: Power Supply Modules

    The SFCS-200BX has two power supply LEDs, one for each removable, hot- swappable power supply. Each LED is located to the left of the power switch on the front panel for that supply. On the AC power supply for the...

  • Page 38: Sfcs-1000 Ac Power Supply (Model A)

    Switch Hardware 3.2.4.2 SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply (Model A) The model A AC power supply for an SFCS-1000 is shown in Figure 3.7. Retention screws Figure 3.7 - Model A SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply 3-12 48V DC 5VDC OK SHUTDOWN CAUTION: This unit has more than one power cord.
  • Page 39 Table 3.5 - SFCS-1000 Power Supply LED Descriptions 3.2.4.2.2 Shutdown Conditions To avoid damaging itself or the switch, the model B SFCS-1000 AC power supply shuts itself down under the following condition: Overload The power supply is overloaded or the AC input is out of specification, and the supply voluntarily...
  • Page 40 If a model A power supply goes into shutdown, it will remain shut down until the power switch is turned off and turned on again (power cycle). The power switch must remain off long enough for the SHUTDOWN LED to extinguish (this allows the capacitors to discharge).

  • Page 41: Sfcs-1000 Ac Power Supply (Model B)

    3.2.4.3 SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply (Model B) The model B AC power supply for an SFCS-1000 is shown in Figure 3.8. ON/OFF Switch Handle CAUTION: This unit has more than one power cord. To reduce the of electric shock, disconnect two power supply cords b servicing. ATTEN- TION: Cet appareil comporte plus d’un cordon d’alimentation.
  • Page 42 Table 3.6 - SFCS-1000 Power Supply LED Descriptions 3.2.4.3.2 Shutdown Conditions To avoid damaging itself or the switch, the model B SFCS-1000 AC power supply shuts itself down under the following error conditions: Input undervoltage Output undervoltage...
  • Page 43 If the power supply needs to be replaced, please refer to Chapter 3, Hardware Maintenance Procedures, for hot-swap information. Switch Hardware 3-17...

  • Page 44: Sfcs-1000 Fan Tray

    In the SFCS-1000, a built-in thermal temperature sensor resides on each switch board and reads out the board’s local temperature. By default, the switch control software will trigger an alarm at 65˚C and will reset the alarm when the temperature drops back down to 60˚C. However, the user can con- figure these alarm and reset thresholds in the software on an individual board...

  • Page 45: Sfcs-1000 Common Equipment Card (Cec)

    SCP contains an Ethernet port, a major function of the CEC is to provide a single, unified Ethernet port connection for all of the SCPs. The CEC is also responsible for monitoring the environmental conditions of the switch and reporting this information to the SCPs. The CEC reports conditions such as malfunctioning fans, overheated power supplies, and an overheated enclo- sure.
  • Page 46 The alarm relay contacts are normally closed when there is no power to the switch. The user can attach alarm circuits to these contacts to trigger an exter- nal alarm in the case of an alarm condition on the switch.

  • Page 47: Cec Status Leds

    CEC Status LEDs This subsection discusses the meaning of the status LEDs on the CEC of the SFCS-1000 switch. The LEDs have been designed to provide information per- taining to the state of the switch at a glance. Figure 3.11 - CEC Status LEDs There are eight status LEDs located on the front panel of the CEC in a 2 row x 4 column arrangement.

  • Page 48: Ethernet Port

    3.2.7.3.3 Switch Board LEDs There are four switch board LEDs on the front panel of the CEC, one for each possible switch board. These LEDs should be blinking, indicating that the switch has booted and is operating correctly. If the SCP is removed, the LEDs may remain in a steady-on or steady-off state.
  • Page 49 Ethernet port. The polarity of the twisted pair cable connected to the CEC Ethernet port is OK. Switch Hardware Meaning Meaning Meaning Meaning...
  • Page 50 Switch Hardware 3-24...

  • Page 51: Chapter 4 Switch Setup

    CHAPTER 4 This chapter describes how to handle and set up a Cabletron ATM switch prior to its operation. Introduction Before installing a Cabletron ATM switch, there are several important factors that must be taken into consideration, depending on the type of installation site.

  • Page 52: Inventorying The Unit

    Switch Setup 4.2.1 Inventorying the Unit A complete inventory of the Cabletron ATM switch package should be per- formed before any power is supplied to the unit. The Cabletron ATM switch package should contain the following: • Cabletron ATM switch •...

  • Page 53: Electrical Considerations

    Electrical Considerations The following items should be considered when setting up the switch: CAUTION Consideration should be given to the connec- tion of the equipment to the supply circuit and the effect that the overloading of circuits could have on overcurrent protection and supply wiring.

  • Page 54: Rack-Mounting An Sfcs-200Bx

    To prevent damage to your equipment, Cabletron Systems recommends that the max- imum operating temperature not exceed 40˚C. Consideration must be made if the switch is to be installed in a closed or multi-unit rack...

  • Page 55: Installing The Rack-Mount Brackets

    CAUTION When it is mounted in the equipment rack, do not use the SFCS-200BX chassis to support other equipment. This could overload the mounting brackets and cause damage to the unit. Switch Setup...
  • Page 56 Switch Setup NOTE: NOTE: The SFCS-200BX is an operational ATM switch at this point if used with other Cabletron switches or with ATM interface cards. However, if other vendor equipment is connected, you may have to complete an ini- tial user configuration.

  • Page 57: Rack-Mounting An Sfcs-200Wg

    CAUTION Cabletron Systems recommends that the max- imum operating temperature not exceed 40˚C. Consideration must be made if the switch is to be installed in a closed or multi-unit rack...

  • Page 58: Installing The Rack-Mount Brackets

    Switch Setup 4.5.2 Installing the Rack-mount Brackets To install the rack-mount brackets and cable relief strain rail, use the follow- ing procedure: 1. Carefully place the SFCS-200WG unit upside down on a clean, flat, sturdy work surface with the front of the unit still facing front.
  • Page 59 NOTE: The SFCS-200WG is an operational ATM switch at this point if used with other Cabletron switches or with ATM interface cards. However, if other vendor equipment is connected, you may have to complete an ini- tial user configuration. NOTE: If you wish to have remote access to the switch, you must first install a serial cable...

  • Page 60: Rack-Mounting An Sfcs-1000

    Switch Setup Rack-Mounting an SFCS-1000 The SFCS-1000 switch is designed to be rack-mounted. The following items should be addressed when rack-mounting this switch: WARNING! CAUTION CAUTION CAUTION 4-10 When rack-mounting equipment, make sure that a hazardous condition is not created due to uneven weight distribution.

  • Page 61: Installing The Sfcs-1000

    figuration. NOTE: If you wish to have remote access to the switch, you must first install a serial cable and configure a modem. Please refer to sub- sections 4.7 and 4.8 for more information. Switch Setup...

  • Page 62: Installing The Serial Cable

    (such as a terminal, or the serial port of a worksta- tion or PC running a terminal emulation program). NOTE: When you turn on the switch, you should see the switch boot on the tty device connected to the switch’s serial port. NOTE: 4-12 The switch’s tty port comes configured at...

  • Page 63: Modem Configuration

    All Cabletron ATM switches support modem access. This may be useful if a switch is installed in a remote location where direct, physical access to the switch is not possible or practical. Keep the following in mind when using a modem to access a Cabletron ATM switch: •...

  • Page 64: Configuring Ip Addresses

    IP address to the switch’s Ethernet network interface. To configure the IP addresses, log in to an AMI session on the switch. To mod- ify the IP address of the SCP’s IP interfaces, enter the following parameters: NOTE: configuration ip address <interface>...

  • Page 65: Ami Security

    4.10 AMI Security The administrative password on your Cabletron ATM switch may be changed to provide password-protected access to AMI. Cabletron Systems recom- mends that you do this to prevent unauthorized users from accessing your Cabletron ATM switch. This option is available in AMI at the operation level.

  • Page 66: Verifying The Installation

    Switch Setup 4.12 Verifying the Installation To verify that your switch is up and running, log in to AMI and open a session on the switch. Enter the following parameters at the localhost::> prompt to show the configuration of all of the ports on an individual switch fabric: 4.13 Product Registration Information...

  • Page 67: Chapter 5 Hardware Maintenance Procedures

    Cabletron ATM switches. Items discussed include the following: • Network Module Replacement • Power Supply Replacement • Fan Tray Replacement • Switch Control Processor Replacement • Switch Board Replacement Network Module Replacement 5.1.1 Overview The network modules in all Cabletron ATM switches are hot-swappable, meaning that they can be removed and replaced with the unit under power.

  • Page 68: Multicast Mode

    Series C net- work modules, the switch will operate in extended mode. • Non-extended mode - If a switch fabric contains at least one Series A or at least one Series B network module, that switch fabric will oper- ate in non-extended (or mixed) mode.

  • Page 69: Hot-Swapping Network Modules

    3. Pull firmly but carefully on the captive fasteners, removing the network module from the switch as shown in Figure 3.1. 4. Insert the replacement module by sliding it into the card guides. Push firmly to seat the network module so that the faceplate is flush with the switch.

  • Page 70: Power Supply Module Replacement

    Hardware Maintenance Procedures Power Supply Module Replacement The power supplies in the SFCS-200BX and the SFCS-1000 are hot-swappable, meaning that they can be removed/replaced without having to shut down the switch. WARNING! 5.2.1 SFCS-200BX Power Supply Module Replacement 5.2.1.1 Replacing an SFCS-200BX AC Power Supply...
  • Page 71 Failure to perform Step 2 can result in serious injury to the user or damage to the equipment. 2. Turn OFF the power switch on the front of the defective power supply. 3. Unplug and remove the power cord from the rear of the unit that corresponds to the failed supply.

  • Page 72: Sfcs-1000 Power Supply Module Replacement

    Hardware Maintenance Procedures 5.2.2 SFCS-1000 Power Supply Module Replacement 5.2.2.1 Replacing an SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply (Model A) A model A AC power supply module for an SFCS-1000 is shown in Figure 3.2. Retaining screws Figure 5.2 - Model A SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply 48V DC 5VDC OK SHUTDOWN...
  • Page 73 Failure to perform Step 2 can result in serious injury to the user or damage to the equipment. 2. Turn OFF the power switch on the front of the defective power supply. Wait for the yellow SHUTDOWN LED to extinguish before moving to Step 3.
  • Page 74 6. Ensure that the power switch on the new power supply is turned OFF before inserting it into the enclosure. 7. Ensure that the fuses on the new unit are rated at 12.5A, 250V.

  • Page 75: Replacing An Sfcs-1000 Ac Power Supply (Model B)

    5.2.2.2 Replacing an SFCS-1000 AC Power Supply (Model B) A model B AC power supply module for an SFCS-1000 is shown in Figure 3.3. ON/OFF Switch Handle CAUTION: This unit has more than one power cord. To reduce the of electric shock, disconnect two power supply cords beCabletron servicing.
  • Page 76 Failure to perform Step 2 can result in serious injury to the user or damage to the equipment. 2. Turn OFF the power switch on the front of the defective power supply. Wait at least one (1) second after turning off the power before moving on to the next step.
  • Page 77 7. Ensure that the power switch on the new AC power supply is turned OFF before inserting the supply into the metal enclosure. 8. Check to see that the fuses on the new unit are rated at 15A, 250V.

  • Page 78: Sfcs-1000 Fan Tray Replacement

    Hardware Maintenance Procedures SFCS-1000 Fan Tray Replacement The SFCS-1000 has a removable fan tray with large fans that cool the switch hardware and power supply modules. Located at the base of the upright unit, the fan tray is removable from the front of the unit and is hot-swappable, meaning that it can be replaced with the SFCS-1000 under power.

  • Page 79: Switch Control Processor Replacement

    Switch Control Processor Replacement The following procedure explains how to remove an i960 switch control processor (SCP) from a switch fabric and install a new SCP. WARNING! It is highly recommended that you use the included grounding strap when handling this or any other component.
  • Page 80 Hardware Maintenance Procedures CAUTION 4. Insert the new SCP into the switch fabric by sliding it into the card guides. 5. Push firmly to seat the SCP so that its faceplate is flush with the front panel of the switch board.

  • Page 81: Switch Board Replacement

    Switch Board Replacement The switch boards in the SFCS-1000 are hot-swappable, meaning that they can be removed and replaced with the chassis under power. The proper pro- cedure for hot-swapping a switch board is as follows: WARNING! It is highly recommended that you use the included grounding strap when handling this, or any other component.
  • Page 82 Hardware Maintenance Procedures NOTE: NOTE: 1. Log out of all open AMI sessions on the switch board that is to be replaced. 2. Remove the SCP from the old switch board using the instructions found in Section 3.4, Switch Control Processor Replacement. Place the SCP on a clean, static-free work area.
  • Page 83 9. Re-install the SCP using the instructions found in Section 3.4, Switch Control Processor Replacement. Once the SCP has been installed and the system reboots, the PVCs will be re- established if all of the steps have been performed correctly and in the proper sequence.
  • Page 84 Hardware Maintenance Procedures 5-18...

  • Page 85: Chapter 6 Software Upgrade Instructions

    • If you are unable to boot your switch from its FLASH, you must fol- low the instructions in Section 6.5. First, you need the upgrade file from Cabletron Systems. This file can be obtained via ftp or diskette. To obtain the file via ftp, you must have ftp access.

  • Page 86: Obtaining The Software Upgrade File Via Diskette

    Software Upgrade Instructions Obtaining the Software Upgrade File via Diskette Using the Cabletron Systems distribution diskettes, the upgrade software must be installed on a workstation attached (via Ethernet or ATM) to the SCP being upgraded. The first disk contains a part of the distribution software, as well as a script that extracts the remaining software from the rest of the disks and builds the upgrade distribution on the workstation.
  • Page 87 Software Upgrade Instructions Execute the fore_extract script with the following command: ./fore_extract <device> Once again, <device> is the block device name of the floppy drive. You will be asked to insert the remaining disks in sequence. If these steps are per- formed correctly, something similar to the following should appear on the screen: version>...

  • Page 88: Performing The Software Upgrade

    TFTP, looks for the file in /tftpboot. When creating the path and file- name to transfer the file to the switch, the host appends “/tftpboot” in front of the path name that appears after the colon (:) in the operation upgrade command.
  • Page 89 filename in it. A reboot will load the new version of software to FLASH, and the switch will be running the upgraded version when it comes up. If you wish, how- ever, you can still run the old version of soft- ware.
  • Page 90 You will need to log in to AMI again if you want to begin another session. NOTE: If the upgrade is unsuccessful or if you have any other problems with the upgrade, please contact Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support. If something went wrong during the upgrade process, a new file named “upgrade” will appear in the FLASH file system and you will...

  • Page 91: Changing Between Multiple Versions Of Software

    However, in this list, CURRENT is simply a pointer to the version that will be used as the current switch software AFTER a reboot. To display the version to which CURRENT is pointing, as well as all the versions that are installed, type the following: localhost::operation>...
  • Page 92 Software Upgrade Instructions At this point, the switch is still running FT330.35, but CURRENT is pointing to FT340.11. To make the change complete, enter the following: localhost::operation> reboot Are you sure you want to reboot this switch [n]? y When the SCP reboots, it will look to see which version that CURRENT is spec-...

  • Page 93: Using Bootp To Download Software To The Switch

    Each SCP on a Cabletron switch comes with its hardware address (Ethernet MAC address) burned in from the factory, but it does not come preconfigured with an IP address. Any time that the switch is turned on, the SCP attempts to boot from its FLASH memory.

  • Page 94: Adding An Entry For Your Switch In The Bootptab File

    Now that you know the process number, enter the following command line to make inetd re-read its configuration file: host: kill -HUP 216 6.4.3 Adding an Entry for Your Switch in the bootptab File On the workstation that is the bootp server, add the following lines to /etc/bootptab:...
  • Page 95 Once these lines are added, the bootp server will be able to tell your SCP where to find the switch software image to be downloaded. The next step in performing the upgrade is to set up a workstation as a tftpboot server and put the upgrade file (the line indicated by bf in the previous example) there.

  • Page 96: Setting Up A Tftpboot Server

    -HUP 216 6-12 This procedure only has to be done the first time that the switch is turned on and each SCP is upgraded. The next time that the soft- ware is upgraded, put the upgrade file in /tftpboot.

  • Page 97: Appendix A Troubleshooting

    The flowchart in Figure A.1 illustrates the tests used to check the basic hard- ware functionality of a Cabletron Systems adapter, with the adapter card iso- lated from the network. The tools used to perform the tests are provided by Cabletron Systems and the computer hardware vendor.
  • Page 98 Troubleshooting Looptest Start passed? Self-test passed? Firmware download successful? Run netstat -i. Has driver detected presence of firmware running correctly? Run atmstat -d. Is the physical link Call Cabletron. Figure A.1 - Adapter Hardware Troubleshooting Flowchart Test the software as in Figure A.3.

  • Page 99: Run Looptest

    fiber-optic cable. This fiber should remain on throughout this test. The looptest utility uses Cabletron Systems’ ATM user-level Application Pro- gramming Interface. For proper operation, looptest requires read/write access to the ATM device. To run looptest, enter the following command at the system prompt in the working directory: where fa0 is the default device name for a single ATM adapter.

  • Page 100: Check Self-Test (Automatically Performed

    If the download is successful, check to see if the hardware has been detected by the driver as described in the next subsection. If the firmware failed to download, then there is most likely a hardware prob- lem. Call Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance.

  • Page 101: Hardware Detected By Driver

    2. Open the computer as shown in Chapter 2 of the User’s Manual for the adapter, and reseat the board. 3. Reboot the system. If the board still fails after a reseat, then it should be returned for repair. Call Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. netstat -i Troubleshooting...

  • Page 102: Check Firmware

    If the firmware is not running correctly, atmstat hangs and nothing is returned, indicating either a problem with the firmware, a problem with the board, or a severe software failure. Call Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. If the output shows zeros for all possible values, the firmware may not have been initialized.

  • Page 103: Check Physical Link

    Check the fiber. If the fiber is bad, replace the fiber and run looptest again. If the fiber is not bad, then call Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. Alternatively, if you have access to the back of the host and can see the LED displays on the adapter backplate, a red LED on the R (Receive port) also indicates carrier failure.

  • Page 104: Testing Network Connectivity Using Pvcs

    A.2 Testing Network Connectivity Using PVCs The network connectivity tests require that two ATM adapters be connected to an ATM switch fabric with PVCs (as shown in Figure A.2). The carrier lights should be extinguished on the adapters and on the switch fabric, indi- cating that the fibers are OK.
  • Page 105 Troubleshooting Figure A.3 - Networking Connectivity Using PVCs...
  • Page 106 The lack of an IP connection is checked by try- ing a ping and getting no response (ping failed). The tests in Figure A.3 also require that if a switch fabric is used, it is a Cabletron Systems switch fabric on which SPANS has been disabled on both the ports of the switch fabric and on the ATM endstations.

  • Page 107: Verifying The Outgoing Atm Arp Entry

    Make sure the ARP cache entry does indeed match the IP address of the remote endstation and is using the PVC configured on the switch fabric. If the prompt is returned with no information displayed, this indicates that the ATM ARP cache is empty.

  • Page 108: Atmstat

    Troubleshooting A.2.2 atmstat To determine a particular failure state, enter the following command on the remote workstation while continuously pinging: atmstat fa0 1 PHY/ATM/AAL statistics: Output Input Errors AAL* AAL* 4B5B 4B5B AAL* AAL* Cells CS-PDUs Cells CS-PDUs Framing Hdr-CRC VPI/VCI Pay-CRC Proto 161747 153692...

  • Page 109: No Cells Received By Remote End

    If the incoming ARP entry is not configured properly, then correct the config- uration and rerun the test. If the incoming ARP entry is configured properly and the error persists, then call Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support for fur- ther assistance.

  • Page 110: Cells And No Errors Received By Remote And Transmitting No Cells

    The network administrator should verify the IP routing. If there is still a prob- lem, then call Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support for further assistance. A.2.2.5 Cells and No Errors Received by Remote and Transmitting Cells If the remote end is receiving cells with no errors and is transmitting cells in response, then the remote end is OK.

  • Page 111: Collecting Additional Information

    Once basic adapter installation and network connectivity have been tested, this section explains how to obtain all of the additional information that you need to have ready before calling Cabletron Systems Technical Support. This information should exist either on-line (by redirecting the output to a file) or in hard copy form.
  • Page 112 Troubleshooting NOTE: IRIX beluga 5.3 11091812 IP22 mips fa0: flags=863<UP,BROADCAST,NOTRAILERS,RUNNING,MULTICAST> inet 198.29.38.206 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 198.29.38.255 Routing tables Destination 127.0.0.1 198.29.24.0 default 198.29.16.0 204.95.89.0 198.29.25.0 198.29.26.0 198.29.27.0 198.29.19.0 192.88.243.0 204.120.44.0 198.29.28.0 198.29.29.0 198.29.31.0 198.29.23.0 A-16 The assumed adapter name in the examples is fa0.
  • Page 113 Name Mtu Network Address 1500 192.88.243 192.88.243.171 9188 198.29.38 198.29.38.206 qaa0 9180 198.29.22 198.29.22.206 qaa1*9180 none none qaa2*9180 none none qaa3*9180 none none 8304 127.0.0.1 FORE Systems Release: ForeThought_3.0.1b (1.20) fa0: esa-200 media=4b5b-100 hw=1.0.0 fw=2.3.0 serial=2 slot=0 Device statistics: Buffer Allocation Failures Type 1 Small Large...

  • Page 114: Switch Information

    • netstat -ai command • asxmon command • cport command Log in to the ATM Management Interface (AMI) and open a session on the switch fabric to check the following: • configuration spans show • configuration port show • configuration uni30 show •...
  • Page 115 <switch_name> ASX-200 switch up 3:35, 17 ports (9 active), software 2.3.5, hardware 1.1 port name 198.29.22.34 198.29.22.18 C1 198.29.22.27 198.29.22.3 198.29.22.2 198.29.22.11 CTL 198.29.22.37 NOTE: In the output above, the Kb/s and free columns do not contain valid data.
  • Page 116 Troubleshooting The following commands are run by logging in to AMI and opening a session on the switch fabric. Enter the following parameters at the prompt for the type of network modules that are installed in your switch fabric: configuration spans show...
  • Page 117 configuration uni30 show Port State ILMI UNIside down down network down down network down down network down network down down network down down network down down network 1CTL down network configuration port taxi show Port Carrier State Obuf down down configuration port ds3 show Port Carrier Status Mode Framing Loopback ClockSrc Scrambling IdleCells Length 0x80...
  • Page 118 Troubleshooting Port Carrier Status Mode Framing 0x60 0x60 configuration port sonet show Port Width Carrier Status Line sts3c sts3c sts3c sts3c Port Carrier Status Mode LineType Loopback ClockSource 0x100 0x100 Port Carrier Status Mode Loopback ClockSource 0x72 none 0x72 none Port LineLength Loopback short...

  • Page 119: Appendix Bscp Diagnostics

    SFCS-200WG, SFCS-200BX, and SFCS-1000 are described first. SFCS-200WG, SFCS-200BX, SFCS-1000 Diagnostics If you have determined that there is a hardware problem on a switch control processor (SCP), run the SCP diagnostics that are available by connecting a terminal device to that SCP’s serial port.

  • Page 120: Accessing The Monitor Mode

    SCP Diagnostics B.1.1 Accessing the Monitor Mode To access the Monitor mode on an i960 SCP to run these tests, perform the fol- lowing steps: 1. Soft boot the SCP by pressing the RESET button on the front panel of the SCP. Because the RESET button was designed to avoid acci- dental resets, you will need to use a straightened paper clip to push the RESET button.
  • Page 121 do [offset] - download using Xmodem ps [address] - single step through program, skipping procedure calls st [address] - single step through program go [address] - go from start, or continue from breakpoint fr address#times - display one or more real (32 bit) floating point numbers fl address#times - display one or more long real (64 bit) floating point numbers...

  • Page 122: Running The Hardware Tests

    “failure” on the terminal connected to the serial port and as “BAD” on the display LED. If any of the tests fail, contact Cabletron Systems’ Technical Support. The following subsections depict an example of how to perform each test through the serial port and the SCP’s confirmation message to the terminal...

  • Page 123: Dram Chip Test

    CDB before running this test. The chips are saved before testing each one and then restored. However, if a power failure would occur or if the switch were rebooted during the test, some of the data may not be restored properly.

  • Page 124: Flash Chip Test

    CDB before running this test. The chip is saved before it is tested and then restored. However, if a power failure would occur or if the switch were rebooted during the test, some of the data may not be restored properly.

  • Page 125: Serial Port Test

    CDB before running this test. The SRAM is saved before testing and then restored. However, if a power failure would occur or if the switch were rebooted during the test, some of the data may not be restored properly. =>test-sram SRAM: OK B.1.2.9...

  • Page 126: Complete Hardware Test

    CDB before running this test. The chips are saved before testing each one and then restored. However, if a power failure would occur or if the switch were rebooted during the test, some of the data may not be restored properly.

  • Page 127: Appendix C Hardware Specifications

    • ATM Network Modules • ATM Adapters Cabletron ATM Switches Cabletron Systems offers a complete line of ATM switches that provide scal- able ATM connectivity ranging from desktop-to-desktop connections to those spanning wide area networks. Cabletron ATM switches provide high-perfor-...

  • Page 128: Sfcs-200Wg

    Hardware Specifications C.1.1 SFCS-200WG The SFCS-200WG ATM switch has the following specifications: Features Switching Fabric Number of Ports Traffic Policing Switch Transit Delay Connection Setup Time Control Processor Maximum Port Speed Ethernet Interface Serial Interface Power (nominal) Dimensions Weight Standards Compliance...

  • Page 129: Sfcs-200Bx

    C.1.2 SFCS-200BX The SFCS-200BX ATM switch has the following specifications: Features Switching Fabric 2.5 Gbps, non-blocking Number of Ports 2 to 24 ports Traffic Policing UPC, dual leaky bucket support Switch Transit Delay < 10 microseconds Connection Setup Time < 10 milliseconds, 100 calls/second...

  • Page 130: Sfcs-1000

    Hardware Specifications C.1.3 SFCS-1000 The SFCS-1000 ATM switch has the following specifications: Features Switching Fabric Number of Ports Traffic Policing Switch Transit Delay Connection Setup Time Control Processor Maximum Port Speed Ethernet Interface Serial Interface Power (nominal) (Model A) Power (nominal)

  • Page 131: Atm Network Modules

    ATM Network Modules The LAN and WAN network modules are the physical ATM port interface cards that provide LAN/WAN connectivity to other ATM switches, ATM- compatible desktop computers and servers, hubs, routers, multiplexers, and carrier ATM services. Currently, network modules are available to provide ATM connections ranging from 1.5 Mbps to 622 Mbps over both fiber-optic and copper media.

  • Page 132: 155 Mbps Oc-3C/Stm-1 Mm Module

    Hardware Specifications C.2.2 155 Mbps OC-3c/STM-1 MM Module The following specifications apply to network modules NM-4/155MMSCC and NM-4/155MMSTC: Description Port Capacity Data Rate Output Buffer Media Max. Line Length Connectors Line Encoding Framing Clock Accuracy Timing Loopbacks Power Core Diameter Fiber Diameter Wavelength Statistics/Alarms...

  • Page 133: 155 Mbps Sts-3C/Stm-1 Utp Module

    C.2.3 155 Mbps STS-3c/STM-1 UTP Module The following specifications apply to network modules NM-4/155UTP5EC and NM-4/155UTP5C: Description Port Capacity Four SONET/SDH ports per module Data Rate 155.52 Mbps Output Buffer 2,560 or 13,312 cell capacity Media Category 5 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Max.

  • Page 134: 155 Mbps Utp Pinout Specifications

    Hardware Specifications C.2.3.1 155 Mbps UTP Pinout Specifications 155 Mbps UTP network modules have a standard RJ-45 female connector and use RJ-45 network equipment pinouts as illustrated in the table below: Signal Pin Number Mnemonic C.2.3.2 Connecting Switches with 155 Mbps UTP Network Modules When connecting switches using 155 Mbps UTP network modules, you need to use a category 5 UTP crossover cable with the following specifications: •...

  • Page 135: 622 Mbps Oc-12C/Stm-4C Mm Module

    C.2.4 622 Mbps OC-12c/STM-4c MM Module The following specifications apply to network module NM-1/622MMSCC and NM-1/622MMSTC: Description Port Capacity One SONET/SDH port per module Data Rate 622.08 Mbps Output Buffer 13,312 cell capacity Media Multimode fiber Max. Line Length 500 m Connectors SC or ST Line encoding...

  • Page 136: 25 Mbps Tp25 Module

    Hardware Specifications C.2.5 25 Mbps TP25 Module The following specifications apply to network module NM-6/25UTPEC: Description Port Capacity Six TP25 ports per module Data Rate 25.6 Mbps Output Buffer 2,560 cell capacity Media Cat. 3, 4, or 5 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Max.

  • Page 137: Connecting Switches With Tp25 Network Modules

    C.2.5.2 Connecting Switches with Token Ring Pinouts to Cabletron Switches Although Cabletron Systems’ Switches use the 1, 2, 7 and 8 pin assignment recommended by the ATM Forum, some switches use pins 3, 4, 5 and 6. Con- necting one of these switches to a Cabletron Switch would require the connec- tions to be mapped as follows: •...

  • Page 138: Connecting Adapters With Token Ring Pinouts To Cabletron Switches

    Connecting Adapters with Token Ring Pinouts to Cabletron Switches Like switches, some adapters use different pin assignments than those men- tioned before. Connecting one of these adapters to a Cabletron Switch would require the connections to be mapped as follows: •...

  • Page 139: 34 Mbps E3 Module

    C.2.6 34 Mbps E3 Module The following specifications apply to network modules NM-2/E3C and NM-4/E3C: Description Port Capacity Two or four E3 ports per module Data Rate 34.368 Mbps Output Buffer 13,312 cell capacity Media Coaxial Max. Line Length ~450 ft Connector Line Encoding HDB3...

  • Page 140: 45 Mbps Ds3 Module

    Hardware Specifications C.2.7 45 Mbps DS3 Module The following specifications apply to network modules NM-2/DS3C and NM-4/DS3C: Description Port Capacity Two or four DS3 ports per module Data Rate 44.736 Mbps Output Buffer 13,312 cell capacity Media Coaxial Max. Line Length ~450 ft Connector Line Encoding...

  • Page 141: 155 Mbps Oc-3C/Stm-1 Sm Module

    C.2.8 155 Mbps OC-3c/STM-1 SM Module The following specifications apply to network modules NM-4/155SMSRC and NM-4/155SMLRC: Description Port Capacity Four SONET/SDH ports per module Data Rate 155.52 Mbps Output Buffer 13,312 cell capacity Media Short or long reach single mode fiber Max.

  • Page 142: 155 Mbps Oc-3C/Stm-1 3Mm/1Sm Module

    Hardware Specifications C.2.9 155 Mbps OC-3c/STM-1 3MM/1SM Module The 155 Mbps OC-3c/STM-1 3MM/1SM network module contains one SONET/SDH single mode port (port 4) and three SONET/SDH multimode ports (ports 1, 2, and 3) per module. The following specifications apply to port 4 on network modules NM- 4/155SR3SCC and NM-4/155LR3SCC: Description Data Rate...
  • Page 143 The following specifications apply to ports 1, 2, and 3 on network modules NM-4/155SR3SCC and NM-4/155LR3SCC: Description Data Rate 155.52 Mbps Output Buffer 13,312 cell capacity Media Multimode fiber Max. Line Length ~2 km Connectors Line Encoding Non-Return to Zero (NRZ) Framing STS-3c/STM-1 Clock Accuracy...

  • Page 144: 622 Mbps Oc-12C/Stm-4C Sm Module

    Hardware Specifications C.2.10 622 Mbps OC-12c/STM-4c SM Module The following specifications apply to network module NM-1/622SMIRC: Description Port Capacity One SONET/SDH port per module Data Rate 622.08 Mbps Output Buffer 13,312 cell capacity Media Single mode fiber Max. Line Length ~14 km Connectors Line Encoding...

  • Page 145: Atm Adapters

    C.3.1 Adapter Cabling Specifications C.3.1.1 Fiber-Optic Cable Specifications The table below lists the recommended cable specifications for all ATM adapt- ers that use fiber-optic cabling to ensure optimal adapter and switch perfor- mance: Description Core Diameter Fiber Diameter...

  • Page 146: Utp Cable Specifications

    Hardware Specifications C.3.1.2 UTP Cable Specifications The table below lists the recommended cable specifications for all Cabletron ATM adapters that use UTP cabling to ensure optimal adapter and switch performance. Description Impedance ( ) Attenuation (dB/1000 ft Max) Maximum Run Connector Style * Within the 100 meter run, a maximum of two connections are permissible.

  • Page 147: Esa-200Pc Technical Specifications

    C.3.2 ESA-200PC Technical Specifications The ESA-200PC ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to EISA-based PCs and servers, and has the following specifications: Architecture On-board 25 Mhz i960 RISC processor AAL Support Special-purpose hardware for AAL5 and AAL3/4, HEC, and CRC calculations 100 Mbps TAXI (4B/5B encoding);...

  • Page 148: Pca-200Pc Technical Specifications

    Hardware Specifications C.3.3 PCA-200PC Technical Specifications The PCA-200PC ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to PCI-based PCs and servers, and has the following specifications: Architecture On-board 25 Mhz i960 RISC processor AAL Support Special-purpose hardware for AAL5 and AAL3/4, HEC, and CRC calculations 100 Mbps TAXI (4B/5B encoding);...

  • Page 149: Pca-200Mac Technical Specifications

    C.3.4 PCA-200MAC Technical Specifications The PCA-200MAC ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to PCI-based Apple Power Macintoshes, and has the following specifications: Architecture On-board 25 Mhz i960 RISC processor AAL Support Special-purpose hardware for AAL5 and AAL3/4, HEC, and CRC calculations 100 Mbps TAXI (4B/5B encoding);...

  • Page 150: Technical Specifications

    Hardware Specifications C.3.5 NBA-200 Technical Specifications The NBA-200 ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to 68040-based Mac- intosh workstations and servers with full-size NuBus slots, and has the fol- lowing specifications: Architecture On-board 25 mHz i960 cell processor with VMEbus master burst transfer capability AAL Support Special purpose, on-board hardware for HEC, CRC, and AAL5 and...

  • Page 151: C.3.6 Gia-200 Technical Specifications

    C.3.6 GIA-200 Technical Specifications The GIA-200 ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to Silicon Graphics Indy and Indigo (R3K, R4K, and Challenge S supported) workstations, and has the following specifications: Architecture On-board 25 mHz i960 cell processor AAL Support Special purpose, on-board hardware for HEC, CRC, and AAL5 and 3/4 calculations 100 and 140 Mbps TAXI (4B/5B encoding);...

  • Page 152: Technical Specifications

    Hardware Specifications C.3.7 HPA-200 Technical Specifications The HPA-200 ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to the following machines: HP9000/715, HP9000/735, HP9000/750, HP9000/755, and has the following specifications: On-board 25 mHz i960 cell processor Architecture AAL Support Special purpose, on-board hardware for HEC, CRC, and AAL5 and 3/4 calculations 100 and 140 Mbps TAXI (4B/5B encoding);...

  • Page 153: Technical Specifications

    C.3.8 MCA-200 Technical Specifications The MCA-200 ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to MicroChannel- based workstations, PCs, and servers, and has the following specifications: Architecture On-board 25 mHz i960 cell processor with Micro Channel bus mas- ter burst transfer capability AAL Support Special purpose, on-board hardware for HEC and AAL5 and 3/4 calculations 100 and 140 Mbps TAXI (4B/5B encoding);...

  • Page 154: Technical Specifications

    Hardware Specifications C.3.9 SBA-200 Technical Specifications The SBA-200 ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to Sun Microsystems’ SPARC 1, 1+, 2, 10, 20, 630 MP, 670 MP, 690 MP, SPARC 5, SPARCstation IPC, IPX, LX, SPARCclassic, SPARCserver 1000, and SPARCcenter 2000, and has the following specifications:: Architecture On-board 25 mHz i960 cell processor...

  • Page 155: Technical Specifications

    C.3.10 ESA-200 Technical Specifications The ESA-200 ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to EISA-based work- stations, PCs, and servers, and has the following specifications: Architecture On-board 25 mHz i960 cell processor AAL Support Special purpose, on-board hardware for HEC, CRC, and AAL5 and 3/4 calculations 100 and 140 Mbps TAXI (4B/5B encoding);...

  • Page 156: Technical Specifications

    Hardware Specifications C.3.11 VMA-200 Technical Specifications The VMA-200 ATM Adapter provides ATM connectivity to Crimson, Onyx, Challenge XL, Challenge L, and Power Challenge machines, and has the fol- lowing specifications: Architecture On-board 25 mHz i960 cell processor AAL Support Special purpose, on-board hardware for HEC, CRC, and AAL5 and 3/4 calculations 155 Mbps SONET STS-3c/SDH STM-1 Form Factor...
  • Page 157 Hardware Specifications C-31...
  • Page 158 Hardware Specifications C-32...
  • Page 159 AIS is removed when any pattern other than 111 is detected in these bits for five consecutive frames. AMI (ATM Management Interface) - the user interface to FORE Systems’ ForeThought switch control software (SCS). AMI lets users monitor and change various operating configurations of FORE Systems switches and net-...
  • Page 160 Assigned Cell - a cell that provides a service to an upper layer entity or ATM Layer Management entity (ATMM-entity). asxmon - a FORE program that repeatedly displays the state of the switch and of all its active ports. Asynchronous time division multiplexing - a multiplexing technique in which a transmission capability is organized into a priori, unassigned time slots.
  • Page 161 GLOSSARY ATM Peer-to-Peer Connection - a virtual channel connection (VCC) or a vir- tual path connection (VPC) directly established, such as workstation-to-work- station. This setup is not commonly used in networks. ATM Traffic Descriptor - a generic list of parameters that can be used to cap- ture the intrinsic traffic characteristics of a requested ATM connection.
  • Page 162 ATM network (e.g., digital information such as video and digitized voice). cchan - a FORE program used to manage virtual channels on a FORE Systems ATM switch running asxd. CCITT (International Telephone and Telegraph Consultative Committee) - the international standards body for telecommunications.
  • Page 163 ATM switch running asxd. cport - a FORE program used to monitor and change the state of ports on a FORE Systems ATM switch running asxd. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) - an error detection scheme in which a number is derived from the data that will be transmitted. By recalculating the CRC at the remote end and comparing it to the value originally transmitted, the receiving node can detect errors.
  • Page 164 GLOSSARY DIP Switch (Dual In-line Package) - a device that has two parallel rows of contacts that let the user switch electrical current through a pair of those con- tacts to on or off. They are used to reconfigure components and peripherals.
  • Page 165 GLOSSARY EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (See PROM.) ES (End System) - a system in which an ATM connection is terminated or ini- tiated. An originating end system initiates the ATM connection, and a termi- nating end system terminates the ATM connection. OAM cells may be generated and received.
  • Page 166 1.544 Mbps. Hub - a device that connects to several other devices, usually in a star topology. I/O Module - FORE’s interface cards for the LAX-20 LAN Access Switch, designed to connect Ethernet, Token Ring, and FDDI LANs to ForeRunner...
  • Page 167 GLOSSARY ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) - the protocol that handles errors and control messages at the IP layer. ICMP is actually a part of the IP protocol layer. It can generate error messages, test packets, and informational mes- sages related to IP. IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) - the world’s largest technical professional society.
  • Page 168 GLOSSARY In a Class A network, the first of the numbers is the network number, the last three numbers are the local host address. In a Class B network, the first two numbers are the network, the last two are the local host address.
  • Page 169 GLOSSARY ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) - an emerging technology that is beginning to be offered by the telephone carriers of the world. ISDN com- bines voice and digital network services into a single medium or wire. ISO (International Standards Organization) - a voluntary, non treaty organi- zation founded in 1946 that is responsible for creating international standards in many areas, including computers and communications.
  • Page 170 GLOSSARY LECS (LAN Emulation Configuration Server) - the LECS is responsible for the initial configuration of LECs. It provides information about available ELANs that a LEC may join, together with the addresses of the LES and BUS associated with each ELAN. leq - a FORE program that provides information about an ELAN.
  • Page 171 Network Module - ATM port interface cards which may be individually added or removed from any ForeRunner ATM switch to provide a diverse choice of connection alternatives. Each network module provides between one and six full-duplex ATM physical connections to the ForeRunner switch.
  • Page 172 PBX (Private Branch Exchange) - a private phone system (switch) that con- nects to the public telephone network and offers in-house connectivity. To reach an outside line, the user must dial a digit like 8 or 9.
  • Page 173 GLOSSARY Physical Layer (PHY) Connection - an association established by the PHY between two or more ATM-entities. A PHY connection consists of the concat- enation of PHY links in order to provide an end-to-end transfer capability to PHY SAPs. PMD (Physical Medium Dependent) - a sublayer concerned with the bit transfer between two network nodes.
  • Page 174 GLOSSARY Proxy - the process in which one system acts for another system to answer protocol requests. Proxy Agent - an agent that queries on behalf of the manager, used to monitor objects that are not directly manageable. PSN (Packet Switched Network) - a network designed to carry data in the form of packets.
  • Page 175 GLOSSARY SAR (Segmentation And Reassembly) - the SAR accepts PDUs from the CS and divides them into very small segments (44 bytes long). If the CS-PDU is less than 44 bytes, it is padded to 44 with zeroes. A two-byte header and trailer are added to this basic segment.
  • Page 176 GLOSSARY SNAP - SubNetwork Access Protocol SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) - the Internet standard pro- tocol for managing nodes on an IP network. snmpd - an SMNP agent for a given adapter card. SONET (Synchronous Optical Network) - a new and growing body of stan- dards that defines all aspects of transporting and managing digital traffic over optical facilities in the public network.
  • Page 177 GLOSSARY Switched Connection - a connection established via signalling. Symmetric Connection - a connection with the same bandwidth value speci- fied for both directions. Synchronous - signals that are sourced from the same timing reference and hence are identical in frequency. Systems Network Architecture (SNA) - a proprietary networking architec- ture used by IBM and IBM-compatible mainframe computers.
  • Page 178 - a program interrupt mechanism that automatically updates the state of the network to remote network management hosts. The SNMP agent on the switch supports these SNMP traps. UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) - a type of traffic that is not considered time-criti- cal (e.g., ARP messages, pure data), allocated whatever bandwidth is avail-...
  • Page 179 VPCs and translates VCI values. The Virtual Channel Switch is directed by Control Plane functions and relays the cells of a VC. Virtual Path Switch - a network element that connects VPLs, it translates VPI (not VCI) values and is directed by Control Plane functions. The Virtual Path Switch relays the cells of a Virtual Path.
  • Page 180 GLOSSARY g-22...

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