Arcteq AQ-R215 Instruction Manual
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Arcteq AQ-R215 Instruction Manual

Railway protection ied
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AQ-R215
Railway protection IED
Instruction manual

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Summary of Contents for Arcteq AQ-R215

  • Page 1 AQ-R215 Railway protection IED Instruction manual...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    4.9 Configuring user levels and their passwords................. 50 5 Functions unctions ...................................................... 53 5.1 Functions included in AQ-R215.................... 53 5.2 Measurements........................56 5.2.1 Current measurement and scaling ................56 5.2.2 Voltage measurement and scaling ................68 5.2.3 Power and energy calculation ..................79 5.2.4 Frequency tracking and scaling .................
  • Page 3 6.3 Real-time measurements to communication............... 410 7 Connections and applic 7 Connections and applica a tion examples tion examples..................................413 7.1 Connections of AQ-R215....................413 7.2 Two-phase, three-wire ARON input connection ..............415 8 Construction and installa 8 Construction and installation tion ....................
  • Page 4 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 9.1.2.3 CPU digital inputs ..................443 9.1.2.4 CPU digital outputs..................444 9.1.3 Option cards ......................444 9.1.3.1 Digital input module ..................444 9.1.3.2 Digital output module.................. 445 9.1.3.3 Arc protection module ................445 9.1.3.4 Milliampere module (mA out &...
  • Page 5 Nothing contained in this document shall increase the liability or extend the warranty obligations of the manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. The manufacturer expressly disclaims any and all liability for any damages and/or losses caused due to a failure to comply with the instructions contained herein or caused by persons who do not fulfil the aforementioned requirements.
  • Page 6 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Copyright Copyright © Arcteq Relays Ltd. 2021. All rights reserved.

  • Page 7: Document Inf

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 1 Document information 1.1 Version 2 revision notes Table. 1.1 - 1. Version 2 revision notes Revision 2.00 Date 6.6.2019 - New more consistent look. - Improved descriptions generally in many chapters. - Improved readability of a lot of drawings and images.
  • Page 8 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 - Terminology consistency improved (e.g. binary inputs are now always called digital inputs). - Tech data modified to be more informative about what type of measurement inputs are used (phase currents/ voltages, residual currents/voltages), what component of that measurement is available (RMS, TRMS, peak-to- peak) and possible calculated measurement values (powers, impedances, angles etc.).
  • Page 9 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 - increased the consistency in terminology Changes - various image upgrades - visual update to the order codes...

  • Page 10: Abbr Bbre E Via Viations Tions

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 2 Abbreviations AI – Analog input AR – Auto-recloser ASDU – Application service data unit AVR – Automatic voltage regulator BCD – Binary-coded decimal CB – Circuit breaker CBFP – Circuit breaker failure protection CLPU –...
  • Page 11 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 IGBT – Insulated-gate bipolar transistor I/O – Input and output IRIG-B – Inter-range instruction group, timecode B LCD – Liquid-crystal display LED – Light emitting diode LV – Low voltage NC –...

  • Page 12: General

    Version: 2.04 3 General The AQ-R215 railway protection IED is a member of the AQ-200 product line. The hardware and software are modular: the hardware modules are assembled and configured according to the application's I/O requirements and the software determines the available functions. There are up to three (3) option card slots available for additional I/O or communication cards for more comprehensive monitoring and control applications.

  • Page 13: Ied User Interface Erface

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 4 IED user interface 4.1 Panel structure The user interface section of an AQ-200 series device is divided into two user interface sections: one for the hardware and the other for the software. You can access the software interface either through the front panel or through the AQtivate freeware software suite.

  • Page 14: Mimic And Main Menu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The sixteen freely configurable LEDs are located on the right side of the display. Their activation and color (green or yellow) are based on the settings the user has put in place in the software. Holding the I I (object control) button down for five seconds brings up the button test menu.

  • Page 15: General Menu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Control • Communication • Measurement • Monitoring. They are presented in the image below. The available menus vary according to the device type. Figure. 4.2.2 - 3. Main configuration menus. 4.3 General menu The General main menu is divided into two submenus: the Device info tab presents the information of the device, while the Function comments tab allows you to view all comments you have added to the...
  • Page 16 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Device info Figure. 4.3 - 5. Device info. Table. 4.3 - 2. Parameters and indications in the General menu. Name Range Step Default Description Device name Unitname The file name uses these fields when loading the .aqs configuration file from the AQ-200 unit.
  • Page 17 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description 0: User defined 1: English 2: Finnish Changes the language of the parameter descriptions in 3: Swedish the HMI. If the language has been set to "Other" in the Language 4: Spanish 1: English...

  • Page 18: Protection Menu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.3 - 6. Function comments. 4.4 Protection menu General Figure. 4.4 - 7. Protection menu structure The Protection main menu includes the Stage activation submenu as well as the submenus for all the various protection functions, categorized under the following modules: "Arc protection", "Current", "Voltage", "Frequency", "Sequence"...
  • Page 19 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.4 - 8. Protection menu view. Stage activation You can activate the various protection stages in the Stage activation submenu (see the images below). Each protection stage and supporting function is disabled by default. When you activate one of the stages, its activated menu appears in the stage-specific submenu.
  • Page 20 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Example of a protection stage and its use Once a protection stage has been activated in the Stage activation submenu, you can open its own submenu. In the image series below, the user has activated three current stages. The user accesses the list of activated current stages through the "Current"...
  • Page 21 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Function condition: indicates the stage's condition which can be Normal, Start, Trip, or Blocked. • Expected operating time: Expected time delay from detecting a fault to tripping the breaker. This value can vary during a fault if an inverse curve time delay (IDMT) is used.
  • Page 22 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.4 - 13. Registers. Register menu content is not available in the HMI. It can only be accessed with AQtivate setting tool. Stored in the "Registers" section you can find both "Operation event register" and "General event register".
  • Page 23 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.4 - 14. I/O. The "I/O" section is divided into two subsections: "Direct output control" and "Blocking input control". In "Direct output control" you can connect the stage's signals to physical outputs, either to an output relay or an LED (START or TRIP LEDs or one of the 16 user configurable LEDs).

  • Page 24: Control Menu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.4 - 15. Events. You can mask on and mask off the protection stage related events in "Event mask". By default events are masked off. You can activate the desired events by masking them ("x"). Remember to save your maskings by confirming the changes with the check mark icon.
  • Page 25 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Controls enabled Figure. 4.5 - 16. Controls enabled submenu. You can activate the selected control functions in the Controls enabled submenu. By default all the control functions are disabled. All activated functions can be viewed in the Control functions submenu (see the section "Control functions"...
  • Page 26 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • SG loc SG local select al select: selects the local control for the different setting groups (can use digital inputs, logical inputs or outputs, RTDs, object status information as well as stage starts, trips or blocks).
  • Page 27 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.5 - 20. Settings section. OBJECT SET AND STATUS • L L oc ocal/R al/Remo emot t e sta e stat t us us: control access may be set to Local or Remote (Local by default; please note that when local control is enabled, the object cannot be controlled through the bus and vice versa).
  • Page 28 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • An object has both Open input Open input and C C lose input lose input signals which are used for indicating the status of the breaker on the HMI and in SCADA. Status can be indicated by any of the following: digital inputs, logical inputs or outputs.
  • Page 29 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.5 - 21. Application control section. You can connect object statuses directly to specific physical outputs in the "Signal connections" subsection ( Control → Application control ). A status can be connected to output relays, as well as to user-configurable LEDs.
  • Page 30 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The "Registers"section stores the function's specific fault data. There are twelve (12) registers, and each of them includes data such as opening and closing times, command types and request failures. The data included in the register depend on the protection function.
  • Page 31 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Each control function that has been activated is listed in the Control functions submenu (see the middle image above). This submenu includes the following sections: "Info", "Settings", "Registers", "I/O" and "Events".
  • Page 32 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The stage settings vary depending on which control function they are a part of. By default only one setting group of the eight available setting groups is activated. You can enable more groups in the Control →...
  • Page 33 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.5 - 28. I/O section. The "I/O" section is divided into two subsections: "Direct output control" and "Blocking input control". In "Direct output control" you can connect the stage's signals to physical outputs, either to an output relay or an LED (START or TRIP LEDs or one of the 16 user configurable LEDs).
  • Page 34 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.5 - 29. Events section. You can mask on and mask off events related to an object's stage in "Event mask". By default all events are masked off. You can activate the desired events by masking them ("x"). Please remember to save your maskings by confirming the changes with the check mark icon.
  • Page 35 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.5 - 31. Digital input section. All settings related to digital inputs can be found in the "Digital inputs" section. The "Digital inputs settings" subsection includes various settings for the inputs: the polarity selection determines whether the input is Normal Open (NO) or Normal Closed (NC) as well as the activation threshold voltage (16…200 V AC/DC, step 0.1 V) and release threshold voltage (10…200 V AC/DC, step 0.1 V) for each available input.
  • Page 36 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The "Digital outputs settings" subsection lets you select the polarity for each output; they can be either Normal Open (NO) or Normal Closed (NC). The default polarity is Normal Open. The operational delay of an output contact is approximately 5 ms.
  • Page 37 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.5 - 34. Device I/O matrix section. Through the "Device I/O matrix" section you can connect digital inputs, logical outputs, protection stage status signals (START, TRIP, BLOCKED, etc.), object status signals and many other binary signals to output relays, or to LEDs configured by the used.
  • Page 38 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 4.5 - 36. Programmable mimic indicators section Programmable mimic indicators can be placed into the mimic to display a text based on the status of a given binary signal (digital input, logical signal, status of function start/tripped/blocked signals etc.). When configuring the mimic with the AQtivate setting tool, it is possible to set a text to be shown when an input signal is ON and a separate text for when the signal is OFF.

  • Page 39: Communication Menu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 GOOSE inputs are mainly used for controlling purposes and in conjunction with the IEC 61850 communication protocol. There are 64 GOOSE inputs signal status bits, and their status can be either 0 or 1.
  • Page 40 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Connections Figure. 4.6 - 38. View of the Connections submenu. The Connections submenu offers the following bits of information and settings: ETHERNET ETHERNET This section defines the IP settings for the ethernet port in the back panel of the unit. •...
  • Page 41 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Protocols Figure. 4.6 - 39. View of the Protocols submenu. The Protocols submenu offers access to the various communication protocol configuration menus. Some of the communication protocols use serial communication and some use Ethernet communication.

  • Page 42: Measurement Menu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 4.7 Measurement menu Figure. 4.7 - 40. Measurement section. The Measurement menu includes the following submenus: Transformers , Frequency , Current measurement , Voltage measurement , Power and energy measurement , Impedance calculations , and Phasors .
  • Page 43 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 CT module Figure. 4.7 - 42. CT module section. The three main sections ("Phase CT scaling", "Residual I01 CT scaling" and "Residual I02 CT scaling") determine the ratio of the used transformers. Additionally, the nominal values are also determined in the CT module submenu.
  • Page 44 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 VT primary and secondary voltages must match with the connected voltage transformer in addition to the voltage measurement mode. These settings are then used for scaling the voltage channel input voltages to primary and per unit values as well as power and energy measurement values if current measurements are also available.
  • Page 45 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Current measurement Figure. 4.7 - 45. Current measurement submenu. Current measurement submenu includes various individual measurements for each phase or phase-to- phase measurement. The Current measurement submenu has been divided into four sections: "Phase currents", "Residual currents", "Sequence currents", and "Harmonics".
  • Page 46 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Voltage measurement Figure. 4.7 - 46. Voltage measurement submenu and System Voltages menu. Voltage measurement submenu includes various individual measurements for each phase or phase-to- phase measurement. The Voltage measurement submenu has been also divided into four sections: "Voltage inputs", "Sequence voltages", "System voltages", and "Harmonics".
  • Page 47 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Power and energy measurement Figure. 4.7 - 47. Power and Energy measurement submenu. The Power and energy measurement submenu includes three sections: "Power and energy measurement settings", "Power measurements" and "Energy measurements". As the name suggests, the first section determines the settings by which the power and energy calculations are made.

  • Page 48: Monitoring Menu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The Impedance calculations submenu is divided into four sections: "Impedance calculation settings", "Phase-to-phase impedances", "Phase-to-earth impedances" and "Positive sequence impedance". You can activate impedance calculations in the first section. "Phase-to-phase impedances" display the resistances and reactances of the three phase-to-phase connections, both primary and secondary, as well as the primary and secondary impedances and impedance angles.
  • Page 49 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Monitors enabled Figure. 4.8 - 51. Monitors enabled submenu. You can activate the selected monitor functions in the Monitors enabled submenu. By default all the control functions are disabled. All activated functions can be viewed in the Monitor functions submenu (see the section "Monitor functions"...
  • Page 50 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Disturbance recorder Figure. 4.8 - 53. Disturbance recorder settings. The Disturbance recorder submenu has the following settings: • "Recorder enabled" enables or disables the recorder. • "Recorder status" indicates the status of the recorder. •...

  • Page 51: Configuring User Levels And Their Passwords

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Enabling "Auto. get recordings" allows the device to automatically upload recordings to the designated FTP folder (which, in turn, allows any FTP client to read the recordings from the IED's memory).
  • Page 52 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Super user (***) • Configurator (**) • Operator (*) • User ( - ) You can set a new password for a user level by selecting the key icon next to the user level's name. After this you can lock the user level by pressing the R R e e t t urn urn key while the lock is selected.
  • Page 53 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Configurator: Can change most settings such as basic protection pick-up levels or time delays, breaker control functions, signal descriptions etc. and can operate breakers and other equipment. • Super user: Can change any setting and can operate breakers and other equipment. NOTE! Any user level with a password automatically locks itself after half an hour (30 minutes) of inactivity.

  • Page 54: Functions Unctions

    Version: 2.04 5 Functions 5.1 Functions included in AQ-R215 The AQ-R215 railway protection IED includes the following functions as well as the number of stages in those functions. Standard mode Table. 5.1 - 3. Protection functions of AQ-R215 in standard mode.
  • Page 55 PGS (1) PGx>/< Programmable stage ARC (1) IArc>/I0Arc> 50Arc/50NArc Arc fault protection (optional) Table. 5.1 - 4. Control functions of AQ-R215 in standard mode. Name ANSI Description Setting group selection Object control and monitoring (5 objects available) Indicator object monitoring...
  • Page 56 Version: 2.04 Name ANSI Description Circuit breaker wear monitor Measurement recorder VREC Measurement value recorder Railway mode Table. 5.1 - 6. Protection functions of AQ-R215 in railway mode. Name (number ANSI Description of stages) I> I>> NOC (4) 50/51 Railway non-directional overcurrent protection I>>>...

  • Page 57: Measurements

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name ANSI Description Measurement recorder VREC Measurement value recorder 5.2 Measurements 5.2.1 Current measurement and scaling The current measurement module (CT module, or CTM) is used for measuring the currents from current transformers.
  • Page 58 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 SEC: SEC: The secondary current, i.e. the current which the current transformer transforms according to its ratios. This current is measured by the protection relay. NOM: NOM: The nominal primary current of the protected object. For the measurements to be correct the user needs to ensure that the measurement signals are connected to the correct inputs, that the current direction is connected to the correct polarity, and that the scaling is set according to the nominal values of the current transformer.
  • Page 59 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The following table presents the initial data of the connection. Table. 5.2.1 - 9. Initial data. P P ha hase curr se current C ent CT T R R ing cor ing core C e CT in Input I02 T in Input I02...
  • Page 60 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.2.1 - 58. Setting the phase current transformer scalings to the protected object's nominal current. Once the measurement scaling is tied to the protected object's nominal current, the user must set the appropriate input for the "Nominal current In"...
  • Page 61 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.2.1 - 60. Residual I02 CT scaling (sensitive). Displaying the scaling Depending on whether the scaling was done based on the CT primary values or the protected object's nominal current, the measurements are displayed slightly differently. The first of the two images shows how the measurements are displayed when the CT primary values are the basis for the scaling;...
  • Page 62 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Example of zero sequence CT scaling Zero sequence CT scaling (ZCT scaling) is done when a zero sequence CT instead of a ring core CT is part of the measurement connection. In such a case the zero sequence CT should be connected to the I02 channel which has lower CT scaling ranges (see the image below).
  • Page 63 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Problem Solution The phase currents are connected to the measurement module but the order or polarity of one or all phases is incorrect. In relay settings, go to Measurement → Phasors and check the "Phase current vectors"...
  • Page 64 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.2.1 - 64. Common phase polarity problems. The following image presents the most common problems with network rotation (mix phases). These problems can be difficult to find because the measurement result is always the same in the relay. If two phases are mixed together, the network rotation always follows the pattern IL1-IL3-IL2 and the measured negative sequence current is therefore always 1.00 (in.
  • Page 65 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.2.1 - 65. Common network rotation (mixed phases) problems. Settings Table. 5.2.1 - 10. Settings of the Phase CT scaling. Name Unit Range Step Default Description 0: CT Scale 0: CT The selection of the reference used in the relay's per-unit system nom p.u.
  • Page 66 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.1 - 11. Settings of the Residual I01 CT scaling. Name Unit Range Step Default Description I01 CT 0.2…25 000 0.00001 100 The rated primary current of the current transformer. primary I01 CT 0.1…10.000 0.00001 1...
  • Page 67 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.1 - 15. Secondary phase current measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Secondary phase The primary RMS current measurement from each of the phase current ILx 0.00…300.00 0.01 current channels. ("Sec.Pha.curr.ILx") Secondary phase current ILx TRMS...
  • Page 68 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.1 - 20. Residual phase angle measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Residual current angle The residual current angle measurement from the I01 or I02 current 0.00…360.00 0.01 input. ("Res.curr.angle I0x") calc.I0 Pha.angle 0.00…360.00 0.01...

  • Page 69: Voltage Measurement And Scaling

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.1 - 25. Harmonic current measurements. Name Range Step Default Description Harmonics 0: Percent calculation values Defines whether the harmonics are calculated as percentage or ("Harm Abs.or Percent absolute values. Absolute Perc.") 0: Per unit...
  • Page 70 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 For the measurements to be correct the user needs to ensure that the measurement signals are connected to the correct inputs, that the voltage direction correct, and that the scaling is set correctly. The relay calculates the scaling factors based on the set VT primary, and secondary voltage values.
  • Page 71 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 If the protection is voltage-based, the supervised voltage can be based either on line-to-line voltages or on line-to-earth voltages. This selection is defined in the "Measured magnitude" of each protection stage menu separately ( Protection →...
  • Page 72 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 There are several different ways to use all four voltage channels. The voltage measurement modes are the following: • 3LN+U4 (three line-to-neutral voltages and U4 can be used for either zero sequence voltage or synchrochecking) •...
  • Page 73 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.2.2 - 71. 2LL+U0+SS settings and connections. The image collection below presents the relay's behavior when nominal voltage is injected into the relay via secondary test equipment. The measurement mode is 3LN+U4 which means that the relay is measuring line-to-neutral voltages.
  • Page 74 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.2.2 - 73. Relay behavior when voltage injected during an earth fault. Troubleshooting When the measured voltage values differ from the expected voltage values, the following table offers possible solutions for the problems. Problem Check / Resolution The measured...
  • Page 75 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description The voltage channel U3 can be used to measure zero sequence voltage 0: Not Used 0: Not U3 mode U0 (U0) or the Synchrocheck voltage (SS). If neither is needed, the (default) 1: U0 Used or SS...
  • Page 76 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description VT scaling A relay feedback value; the calculated scaling factor that is the ratio factor P/S between the primary voltage and the secondary voltage. VT scaling A relay feedback value;...
  • Page 77 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.2 - 31. Per-unit sequence voltage measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description Positive sequence The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated positive sequence × U voltage 0.00…500.0 0.01 voltage. ("Pos.seq.Volt.p.u.") Negative sequence The measurement (in p.u.) from the calculated negative sequence...
  • Page 78 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.2 - 35. System primary voltage measurements. Name Unit Range Step Description System voltage magnitude 0.00…1 The primary RMS line-to-line UL12 voltage (measured or calculated). You can also UL12 0.01 000000.00 select the row where the unit for this is kV.
  • Page 79 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Unit Range Step Description System voltage magnitude The primary measured RMS Synchrocheck voltage (SS). This magnitude is 0.00…1 0.01 displayed only when the "2LL+U3+U4" mode is selected and both U3 and U4 are in 000000.00 ("System use.

  • Page 80: Power And Energy Calculation

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.2 - 37. Harmonic voltage measurements. Name Unit Range Step Default Description Harmonics calculation values 0: Percent Defines whether the harmonics are calculated as ("Harm Abs.or 1: Absolute Percent percentages or absolute values.
  • Page 81 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.2.3 - 75. Three-phase active power (P) calculation. In these equations, phi (φ) is the angle difference between voltage and current. Figure. 5.2.3 - 76. Three-phase reactive power (Q) calculation. Active power can be to the forward or the reverse direction.
  • Page 82 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Only line y line-t -to-line v o-line volta oltages a ges av v ailable ailable If the line-to-line voltages are measured but the zero sequence voltage is not measured or is not otherwise known, the three-phase power calculation is based on Aron’s theorem: Both cos(φ) and tan(φ) are calculated in the same way as in the line-to-neutral mode.
  • Page 83 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description 0: Undefined 1: Q1 Fwd Ind PQ Quadrant 2: Q2 Rev Cap Indicates what the power PQ quadrant is at that moment. Undefined 3: Q3 Rev Ind 4: Q4 Fwd Cap 0: Undefined 1: Q1 Fwd Cap AV...
  • Page 84 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description DC1…4 Pulses 0…4 294 967 295 Indicates the total number of pulses sent. sent Table. 5.2.3 - 40. DC 1…4 Pulse out settings Name Range Step Default Description...
  • Page 85 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.2.3 - 43. Three-phase energy calculations. Name Range Step Description -999 999 995 Exported Active Energy (P) (kWh 904.00…999 999 995 0.01 The total amount of exported active energy. or MWh) 904.00 -999 999 995...
  • Page 86 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Description Reactive energy (Q) balance while The sum of the phase's imported and exported reactive 0.01 -1x10 …1x10 Import (P) Lx (kVarh or MVarh) energy while active energy is imported. The apparent energy of the phase while active energy is Apparent Energy (S) while Export (P) Lx 0.01...

  • Page 87: Frequency Tracking And Scaling

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Voltages (line-to-line): Currents: = 100.00 V, -90.00° = 2.5 A, -120.00° = 2.5 A, 120.00° Name Values 3PH (S) 20.00 MVA 3PH (P) 17.32 MW 3PH (Q) 0.00 Mvar 3PH Tan 0.00 3PH Cos 0.87...
  • Page 88 FFT calculation always has a whole power cycle in the buffer. The measurement accuracy is further improved by Arcteq's patented calibration algorithms that calibrate the analog channels against eight (8) system frequency points for both magnitude and angle.
  • Page 89 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description System The user-defined system nominal frequency that is used when nominal 7.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz 50Hz the "Sampling mode" setting has been set to "Fixed". frequency Tracked system 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz Displays the rough measured system frequency.

  • Page 90: Protection Functions

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Tracked f Displays the rough value of the tracked frequency in Channel 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - channel C Frequency measurement built from tracked frequencies and Alg f fast 0.000…75.000Hz 0.001Hz - U4 voltage channel samples.
  • Page 91 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The protection function is run in a completely digital environment with a protection CPU microprocessor which also processes the analog signals transformed into the digital form.
  • Page 92 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.1 - 77. Principle diagram of the protection relay platform. In the following chapters the common functionalities of protection functions are described. If a protection function deviates from this basic structure, the difference is described in the corresponding chapter of the manual.
  • Page 93 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.1 - 79. Measurement range in relation to the nominal current. The I magnitude refers to the user set nominal current which can range from 0.2…10 A, typically 0.2 A, 1A or 5 A.
  • Page 94 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): activates the trip signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up value X and the measured value X (dependent time characteristics). Both IEC and IEEE/ANSI standard characteristics as well as user settable parameters are available for the IDMT operation.
  • Page 95 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Selects the IEC standard delay characteristics. The options include the following: Normally Inverse ("NI"), 0: NI Extremely Inverse ("EI"), Very Inverse ("VI") and Long Time Inverse Delay 1: EI ("LTI") characteristics.
  • Page 96 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.1 - 81. Inverse operating time formulas for IEC and IEEE standards. Non-standard delay characteristics In addition to the previously mentioned delay characteristics, some functions also have delay characteristics that deviate from the IEC or IEEE standards. These functions are the following: •...
  • Page 97 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.1 - 49. Setting parameters for reset time characteristics. Name Name Range Range St Step Defa fault ult Descrip Description tion Delayed Resetting characteristics selection (either time-delayed or instant) after 0: No pick-up 1: Yes...
  • Page 98 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.1 - 83. Delayed pick-up release, delay counter is reset at signal drop-off. Figure. 5.3.1 - 84. Delayed pick-up release, delay counter value is held during the release time.

  • Page 99: Railway Protection Module

    Stage Forcing after testing has ended. 5.3.2 Railway protection module The railway protection module is a function specific to the AQ-R215 protection relay. It is capable of handling current and voltage measurements in either railroad frequencies (16.67 Hz) or standard three-phase system frequencies (50/60 Hz).
  • Page 100 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Measurement settings and indications. The railway protection module has all current channels (IL1, IL2, IL3, I01 and I02) and all voltage channels (U1, U2, U3, U4) available to it. Any of these channels can be paired together to get angle measurements between two signals.

  • Page 101: Railway Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 5.3.2.1 Railway non-directional overcurrent protection (I>; 50/51) The railway non-directional overcurrent function is used for instant and time-delayed overcurrent and short-circuit protection. The operating decisions are based on phase current magnitudes which the function constantly measures.
  • Page 102 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values. However, when the peak-to-peak mode is selected for the function's "Measured magnitude" setting , the values are taken directly from the samples.
  • Page 103 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Input1 (IL1) channel select 1: IL1 2: IL2 Input2 (IL2) Three available channels that can be configured to supervise any of 3: IL3 1: IL1 channel select the five available current channels.
  • Page 104 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Description Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs. When IDMT mode is Expected used, the expected operating time depends on the measured highest phase operating 0.000...1800.000s 0.005s current value.
  • Page 105 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.2.1 - 57. Event codes. Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 1280 NOC1 Start ON 1281 NOC1 Start OFF 1282 NOC1 Trip ON 1283 NOC1 Trip OFF 1284 NOC1...
  • Page 106 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 1409 NOC3 Start OFF 1410 NOC3 Trip ON 1411 NOC3 Trip OFF 1412 NOC3 Block ON 1413 NOC3 Block OFF 1414 NOC3 Phase A Start ON...

  • Page 107: Railway Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idrw>; 67)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.2.1 - 58. Register content. Date and Event Trigger Fault Pre-fault Trip time Fault type Used SG time code current current current remaining Start Setting dd.mm.yyyy 1280-1489 Trip -20 ms Start -200 0 ms...1800 L1-E…L1-L2-L3...
  • Page 108 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function outputs START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signals.
  • Page 109 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U RMS measurement of voltage U The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from the START or TRIP event.
  • Page 110 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.2.2 - 61. Pick-up settings. Name Description Range Step Default Pick-up setting I > Current pick-up setting 0.10…40.00×I 0.01×I 1.20×I Pick-up setting 0.000...100.000%U 0.010%U Voltage pick-up setting > 1:U1 2:U2 Directional voltage Defines the voltage reference used for angle tracking...
  • Page 111 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.2.2 - 87. Angle tracking of Idir> and the four available operating modes. U is the chosen channel for reference angle and I is the chosen current measurement channel. meas Please note in the picture above that the tripping area is linked to the angle of the chosen voltage input.
  • Page 112 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.2.2 - 88. Examples of voltage reference in "sum(U1+U2)" mode. Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 113 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Description meas 0.01 0.00...1250.00 I at the The ratio between the measured phase current and the pick-up value. moment I/U Angle -360.00...360.00deg 0.00deg Current angle in relation to reference voltage. atm.
  • Page 114 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.2.2 - 63. Event codes. Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 10496 ROC1 Start ON 10497 ROC1 Start OFF 10498 ROC1 Trip ON 10499 ROC1 Trip OFF 10500 ROC1...

  • Page 115: Railway Voltage Protection (Urw>/<; 27/59)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 10881 ROC7 Start OFF 10882 ROC7 Trip ON 10883 ROC7 Trip OFF 10884 ROC7 Block ON 10885 ROC7 Block OFF 10944 ROC8 Start ON...
  • Page 116 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 NOTE! The railway mode has to be activated before this function can be used ( General → "Application" → "Railroad 16.67 Hz"). The railway voltage function uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source.
  • Page 117 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Pick-up The U setting parameter controls the pick-up of the railway voltage protection function. It defines the maximum or minimum allowed voltage before action from the function. The function constantly calculates the ratio between the U and the selected voltage.
  • Page 118 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.2.3 - 89. Example of the block setting operation. Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 119 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The blocking signal can be also tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay's common and global testing mode is activated. The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for blocking activate in time.
  • Page 120 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description The setting is active and visible when IDMT is the selected delay type. IDMT 0.01…25.00s 0.01s 1.00s Multiplier IDMT time multiplier in the U power. Table.

  • Page 121: Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 11395 ROV2 Trip OFF 11396 ROV2 Block ON 11397 ROV2 Block OFF 11456 ROV3 Start ON 11457 ROV3 Start OFF 11458 ROV3 Trip ON...
  • Page 122 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • saturation check • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The basic design of the protection function is the three-pole operation.
  • Page 123 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.3 - 73. Measurement inputs of the I> function. Signal Description Time base IL1RMS RMS measurement of phase L1 (A) current IL2RMS RMS measurement of phase L2 (B) current IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current IL1TRMS...
  • Page 124 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 125 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The blocking of the function causes an HMI display event and a-time stamped blocking event with information of the startup current values and its fault type to be issued. The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay's testing mode "Enable stage forcing"...
  • Page 126 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 1346 NOC2 Trip ON 1347 NOC2 Trip OFF 1348 NOC2 Block ON 1349 NOC2 Block OFF 1350 NOC2 Phase A Start ON 1351 NOC2 Phase A Start OFF...

  • Page 127: Non-Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0>; 50N/51N)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 1476 NOC4 Block ON 1477 NOC4 Block OFF 1478 NOC4 Phase A Start ON 1479 NOC4 Phase A Start OFF 1480 NOC4 Phase B Start ON...
  • Page 128 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • saturation check • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: •...
  • Page 129 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base I01PP Peak-to-peak measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 5 ms I02RMS RMS measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02 5 ms I02TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse sensitive current measurement input I02 5 ms I02PP Peak-to-peak measurement of sensitive residual current measurement input I02...
  • Page 130 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.4 - 83. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: Normal I0> 1: Start Displays status of the protection function. condition 2: Trip 3: Blocked Angle of I0 against reference. If phase voltages are available, positive sequence Detected 0.01 -360.00...360.00 deg...
  • Page 131 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Operating time characteristics for trip and reset This function supports definite time delay (DT) and inverse definite minimum time delay (IDMT). For detailed information on these delay types please refer to the chapter "General properties of a protection function"...

  • Page 132: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.4 - 86. Register content. Event Fault Trigger Fault Pre-fault Trip time Date and time Used SG code type current current current remaining A-G- Start Setting dd.mm.yyyy 1664-1861 Trip -20ms Start -200ms R…C-G- average...
  • Page 133 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.5 - 92. Simplified function block diagram of the Idir> function. Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values. The user can select the monitored magnitude to be equal either to RMS values, to TRMS values, or to peak-to-peak values. TRMS mode uses values from the whole harmonic spectrum of 32 components.
  • Page 134 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from START or TRIP event.
  • Page 135 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.5 - 93. Angle tracking of the Idir> function (3LN/3LL + U mode). Please note in the picture above that the tripping area is linked to the angle of the positive sequence voltage U .
  • Page 136 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.5 - 95. When Idir> function has been set to "Non-directional" the function works basically just like a traditional non- directional overcurrent protection function. Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 137 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. Additionally, the non-directional overcurrent function includes an internal inrush harmonic blocking option which is applied according to the parameters set by the user.
  • Page 138 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 4805 DOC1 Block OFF 4806 DOC1 No voltage, Blocking ON 4807 DOC1 Voltage measurable, Blocking OFF 4808 DOC1 Measuring live angle ON 4809 DOC1 Measuring live angle OFF...

  • Page 139: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 4999 DOC4 Voltage measurable, Blocking OFF 5000 DOC4 Measuring live angle ON 5001 DOC4 Measuring live angle OFF 5002 DOC4 Using voltmem ON 5003 DOC4...
  • Page 140 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • threshold comparator • angle check • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • operating mode selections • setting parameters •...
  • Page 141 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.6 - 94. Measurement inputs of the I0dir> function. Signal Description Time base I01RMS RMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 I01TRMS TRMS measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 I01PP Peak-to-peak measurement of coarse residual current measurement input I01 I02RMS...
  • Page 142 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.6 - 96. Pick-up settings. Name Description Range Step Default Pick-up setting 0.005…40.00×I 0.001×I 1.20×I 1…75%U 0.01%U 20%U Pick-up setting 1: Unearthed [32N Var] 2: Petersen coil GND [32N Watt] Grounding 3: Grounded Network grounding method...
  • Page 143 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Unearthed network Figure. 5.3.6 - 97. Angle tracking of I0dir> function (unearthed network model) (32N) When the unearthed (capacitive) network mode is chosen, the device expects the fault current to be lagging zero sequence voltage by 90 degrees.
  • Page 144 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The resistance of the fault affects the size of the voltage drop during a fault. In direct earth fault the zero sequence voltage amplitude is equal to the system's line-to-earth voltage. In direct earth fault the voltage of a faulty phase drops close to zero and healthy phase voltages increase to the amplitude of line-to-line voltages.
  • Page 145 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 When the Petersen coil earthed (compensated) network mode is chosen, the device expects the fault current to be in the opposite direction to the zero sequence voltage. Healthy phases of both healthy and faulty feeders produce a capacitive current similar to the unearthed network.
  • Page 146 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Directly earthed or small impedance network (67N) Figure. 5.3.6 - 99. Angle tracking of I0dir> function (directly earthed or small impedance network). In a directly earthed network the amplitude of a single-phase fault current is similar to the amplitude of a short-circuit current.
  • Page 147 CT errors. For all these reasons, Arcteq has developed an improved alternative to these traditional directional earth fault protections.
  • Page 148 No extra parameterization is required compared to the traditional method. The multi- criteria algorithm can be tested with COMTRADE files supplied by Arcteq. The function requires a connection of three-phase currents, residual current and residual voltage to operate correctly.
  • Page 149 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Description U0> Pick-up 0.0...1 000 000V 0.1V The required residual voltage on the primary side for the relay to trip. setting Detected U0/ The angle in degrees between the monitored residual voltage and the -360.00...360.00deg 0.01deg I0 angle (fi)
  • Page 150 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time.
  • Page 151 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 5258 DEF2 I0Cosfi Trip ON 5259 DEF2 I0Cosfi Trip OFF 5260 DEF2 I0Sinfi Trip ON 5261 DEF2 I0Sinfi Trip OFF 5312 DEF3 Start ON...

  • Page 152: Intermittent Earth Fault Protection (I0Int>; 67Nt)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.6 - 100. Register content. Register Description Event code dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss Date and time 5184-5389 Descr. pre-triggering current Start average current fault current Trip -20ms averages Fault capacity I Trip -20ms averages Fault resist I Trip -20ms averages...
  • Page 153 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Previously, these scenarios were usually ignored and filed under 'Mysteries of the universe' because they only occured once or twice a year and because disturbance recordings were not commonly used in normal medium-voltage substations for fault verification. However, when disturbance recorders were introduced as a common feature of protection relays this phenomenon received a name and defined characteristics.
  • Page 154 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.7 - 103. An intermittent earth fault in a network tuned close to resonance, as seen by a healthy feeder relay.
  • Page 155 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.7 - 104. An intermittent earth fault in an undercompensated medium size network, as seen by a faulty feeder relay.
  • Page 156 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.7 - 105. Undercompensated medium size network intermittent earth fault seen by healthy feeder relay. As can be seen from the figures above, the residual voltage is high both in the network tuned close to resonance and in the undercompensated network.
  • Page 157 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The strike-through time of an intermittent earth fault in a network tuned close to resonance sets the limit for the minimum operating time for an intermittent earth fault protection stage. To ensure a correct protection operation in all cases, the reset time of an intermittent earth fault stage will be set according to the network in question, to such a level that ensures that the fault has disappeared and no new strike-throughs are expected after a prescribed reset time.
  • Page 158 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values from the residual magnitudes. The residual voltage has to be measured for this function to operate correctly. Either the I01 or the I02 channel can be selected for residual current samples.
  • Page 159 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.7 - 104. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: Normal 1: StartFWD I0Int> 2: StartREV Displays status of the protection function. condition 3: Trip 4: Blocked U0>...
  • Page 160 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.7 - 105. Operating time characteristics setting parameters. Name Range Step Default Description Forward start detection reset time. Starts to count from the first detected forward (faulty feeder) spike. If while counting another spike is detected, reset 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.300s it resets and starts from the beginning.

  • Page 161: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.7 - 107. Register content. Setting Date and Event Trip time Started Spikes Started Spikes Spikes to group time code remaining trip in use Set spikes to trip Time YES/ calculated YES/...
  • Page 162 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function outputs START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signals. In instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp.
  • Page 163 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description Range Step Default Defines whether the ratio between the positive and the negative sequence currents Measured 1: I2pu are supervised or whether only the negative sequence is used in detecting 1: I2pu magnitude 2: I2/I1...
  • Page 164 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time.
  • Page 165 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.8 - 107. Operation characteristics curve for I2> Curve2. For a more detailed description on the time characteristics and their setting parameters, please refer to the "General properties of a protection function" chapter and its "Operating time characteristics for trip and reset"...

  • Page 166: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 2051 CUB1 Trip OFF 2052 CUB1 Block ON 2053 CUB1 Block OFF 2112 CUB2 Start ON 2113 CUB2 Start OFF 2114 CUB2 Trip ON...
  • Page 167 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. Either START or TRIP signal can be used when the instant mode is selected to block other protection stages. In time-delayed mode the operation can be selected between definite time (DT) mode and inverse definite minimum time (IDMT) mode.
  • Page 168 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.9 - 108. Simplified function block diagram of the Ih> function. Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values from phase or residual currents. Each measurement input of the function block uses RMS values and harmonic components of the selected current input.
  • Page 169 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base The magnitudes (RMS) of phase L2 (B) current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic IL2FFT 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic...
  • Page 170 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base The magnitudes (RMS) of residual I0 current components: - Fundamental harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic harmonic I02FFT 5 ms harmonic harmonic - 11 harmonic - 13 harmonic - 15 harmonic - 17...
  • Page 171 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description IL1/IL2/ Measurement IL1/IL2/ Selection of the measurement input (either phase current or residual current). input Each function stage provides these same settings. Multiple stages of the function can be set to operate independently of each other.
  • Page 172 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation.

  • Page 173: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 2496 HOC3 Start ON 2497 HOC3 Start OFF 2498 HOC3 Trip ON 2499 HOC3 Trip OFF 2500 HOC3 Block ON 2501 HOC3 Block OFF...
  • Page 174 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • input magnitude selection • threshold comparator • block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs of the function are the following: •...
  • Page 175 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base IL3RMS RMS measurement of phase L3 (C) current I01RMS RMS measurement of residual input I01 I02RMS RMS measurement of residual input I02 I0Calc Calculated residual current from the phase current inputs DOIN Monitors digital output relay status DIIN...
  • Page 176 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description 0: Current only 1: DO only 2: Signals only 3: Current and DO 4: Current or 5: Current and signals Selects the operating mode. The mode can be dependent on current Actmode 6: Current or Current...
  • Page 177 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Operating time characteristics The operating timers’ behavior during a function can be set depending on the application. The same pick-up signal starts both timers. When retrip is used the time grading should be set as follows: the sum of specific times (i.e.
  • Page 178 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Trip, Retrip and CBFP in the device configuration Figure. 5.3.10 - 110. Wiring diagram when Trip, Retrip and CBFP are configured to the device. The retrip functionality can be used in applications whose circuit breaker has a retrip or a redundant trip coil available.
  • Page 179 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.10 - 111. Retrip and CBFP when "Current" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated and the counters for RETRIP and CBFP start calculating the set operating time. The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this configuration.
  • Page 180 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.10 - 112. Retrip and CBFP when "Current and DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated.
  • Page 181 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.10 - 113. Retrip and CBFP when "Current or DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, or the TRIP signal reaches the primary protection stage, the function starts counting down towards the RETRIP and CBFP signals.
  • Page 182 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Trip and CBFP in the device configuration Figure. 5.3.10 - 114. Wiring diagram when Trip and CBFP are configured to the device. Probably the most common application is when the device's trip output controls the circuit breaker trip coil, while one dedicated CBFP contact controls the CBFP function.
  • Page 183 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.10 - 115. CBFP when "Current" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated and the counter for CBFP starts calculating the set operating time. The tripping of the primary protection stage is not monitored in this configuration.
  • Page 184 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.10 - 116. CBFP when "Current and DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, the current-based protection is activated. At the same time, the counter for CBFP is halted until the monitored output contact is controlled (that is, until the primary protection operates).
  • Page 185 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.10 - 117. CBFP when "Current or DO" is the selected criterion. When the current threshold setting of I and/or I0 is exceeded, or the TRIP signal reaches the primary protection stage, the function starts counting down towards the CBFP signal.
  • Page 186 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Device configuration as a dedicated CBFP unit Figure. 5.3.10 - 118. Wiring diagram when the device is configured as a dedicated CBFP unit.
  • Page 187 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Some applications require a dedicated circuit breaker protection unit. When the CBFP function is configured to operate with a digital input signal, it can be used in these applications. When a device is used for this purpose, the tripping signal is wired to the device's digital input and the device's own TRIP signal is used only for the CBFP purpose.

  • Page 188: Low-Impedance Or High-Impedance Restricted Earth Fault/ Cable End Differential Protection (I0D>; 87N)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 2820 CBF1 CBFP ON 2821 CBF1 CBFP OFF 2822 CBF1 Block ON 2823 CBF1 Block OFF 2824 CBF1 DO monitor ON 2825 CBF1 DO monitor OFF...
  • Page 189 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • differential characteristic comparator • block signal check • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: • setting parameters • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. The function's output signals can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the two (2) output signals.
  • Page 190 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base IL3 Ang Angle of phase L3 (C) current I01 Ang Angle of residual input I01 I02 Ang Angle of residual input I02 The selection of the used AI channel is made with a setting parameter. General settings The following general settings define the general behavior of the function.
  • Page 191 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The pick-up settings can be selected via setting groups. The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the TRIP signal generation of the function. The TRIP signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active.
  • Page 192 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 193 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.11 - 125. Cable end differential with natural unbalance in the phase current measurement. When calculating residual current from the phase currents, the natural unbalance can be around 10 % while the used CTs are still within the promised 5P class (which is probably the most common CT accuracy class).
  • Page 194 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.11 - 126. Cable end differential when a fault occurs. If a starting fault occurs in the cable end, the CED mode catches the difference between the ingoing and the outgoing residual currents. The resulting signal can be used for alarming or tripping purposes for the feeder with the failing cable end.
  • Page 195 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.11 - 127. Restricted earth fault outside a Y winding transformer. If the fault is located inside of the transformer and thus inside of the protection area, the function catches the fault with high sensitivity.
  • Page 196 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.11 - 128. Restricted earth fault inside a Y winding transformer. Events and registers The restricted earth fault function (abbreviated "REF" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in TRIP-activated and BLOCKED signals. The user can select which event messages are stored in the main event buffer: ON, OFF, or both.

  • Page 197: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.11 - 130. Event codes. Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 4224 REF1 I0d> (87N) Trip ON 4225 REF1 I0d> (87N) Trip OFF 4226 REF1 I0d>...
  • Page 198 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function outputs the START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signals. In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp.
  • Page 199 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from START or TRIP event.
  • Page 200 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.12 - 132. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 2LL+U3+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). P-P Voltages and P-E Voltages selections follow phase-to-neutral or phase-to-phase voltages in the first three voltage channels (or two first voltage channels in the 2LL+U3+U4 mode).
  • Page 201 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Description Displays the expected operating time when a fault occurs. When IDMT Expected mode is used, the expected operating time depends on the measured operating 0.000...1800.000s 0.005s voltage value.
  • Page 202 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Inverse definite minimum time (IDMT): gives the TRIP signal after a time which is in relation to the set pick-up voltage U and the measured voltage U (dependent time characteristics).
  • Page 203 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Continue time Time calculation characteristics selection. If activated, the operating time calculation 1: No 1: No counter is continuing until a set release time has passed even if the pick- during 2: Yes up element is reset.

  • Page 204: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 5635 Trip OFF 5636 Block ON 5637 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately.
  • Page 205 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function outputs the START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signals. In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp.
  • Page 206 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.13 - 141. Measured magnitude selection settings. Name Description Range Step Default 0: P-P voltages 1: P-E 0: P-P Measured Selection of P-P or P-E voltages. Additionally, the U3 or U4 input can be voltages voltages magnitude...
  • Page 207 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.13 - 136. Selectable measurement magnitudes with 2LL+U4 VT connection (P-E voltages not available without residual voltage). P-P Voltages and P-E Voltages selections follow phase-to-neutral or phase-to-phase voltages in the first three voltage channels (or two first voltage channels in the 2LL+U3+U4 mode).
  • Page 208 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.13 - 137. Example of the block setting operation. Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 209 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation.
  • Page 210 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.13 - 144. Setting parameters for operating time characteristics. Name Range Step Default Description Selection of the delay type time counter. The selection possibilities are 1: DT Delay type 1: DT dependent (IDMT, Inverse Definite Minimum Time) and independent 2: IDMT...
  • Page 211 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 5697 Start OFF 5698 Trip ON 5699 Trip OFF 5700 Block ON 5701 Block OFF 5702 Undervoltage Block ON 5703 Undervoltage Block OFF 5760 Start ON...

  • Page 212: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.13 - 147. Register content. Event Fault Pre-trig Fault Pre-fault Trip time Date and time Used SG code type voltage voltage voltage remaining Setting A…A- dd.mm.yyyy 5696-5895 Start average Trip -20ms Start -200ms 0 ms...1800s...
  • Page 213 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.14 - 140. Close-distance short-circuit between phases 1 and 3. The monitored voltage magnitudes are equal to RMS values. The blocking signal and the setting group selection control the operating characteristics of the function during normal operation, i.e. the user or user-defined logic can change function parameters while the function is running.
  • Page 214 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.14 - 141. Simplified function block diagram of the U0> function. Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values. The function block uses RMS values. A -20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre-fault data registering. Table.
  • Page 215 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 216 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Definite time operation (DT): gives the TRIP signal after a user-defined time delay regardless of the measured or calculated voltage as long as the voltage is above the U value and thus the pick-up element is active (independent time characteristics).
  • Page 217 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Continue time Time calculation characteristics selection. If activated, the operating time calculation 1: No 1: No counter continues until a set release time has passed even if the pick-up during 2: Yes element is reset.

  • Page 218: Sequence Voltage Protection (U1/U2>/<; 47/27P/59Pn)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 6147 NOV4 Trip OFF 6148 NOV4 Block ON 6149 NOV4 Block OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers; this information is available for all provided instances separately.
  • Page 219 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.15 - 142. Normal situation. Figure. 5.3.15 - 143. Earth fault in an isolated network. Figure. 5.3.15 - 144. Close-distance short-circuit between phases 1 and 3. Negative sequence voltage calculation Below is the formula for symmetric component calculation (and therefore to negative sequence voltage calculation).
  • Page 220 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.15 - 145. Normal situation. Figure. 5.3.15 - 146. Earth fault in isolated network. Figure. 5.3.15 - 147. Close-distance short-circuit between phases 1 and 3. The sequence voltage function uses a total of eight (8) separate setting groups which can be selected from one common source.
  • Page 221 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed voltage magnitudes. The function outputs the START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signal.
  • Page 222 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.15 - 155. Measured magnitude selection. Name Description Range Default 1: U1 Positive sequence Measured Selects which calculated voltage is voltage 1: U1 Positive magnitude supervised. 2: U2 Negative sequence sequence voltage voltage In RMS values the pre-fault condition is presented with 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms of...
  • Page 223 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.15 - 149. Example of the block setting operation. Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.
  • Page 224 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time.
  • Page 225 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.15 - 159. Setting parameters for reset time characteristics. Name Range Step Default Description Resetting time. Time allowed between pick-ups if the pick-up has not led Release 0.000…150.000s 0.005s 0.06s to a trip operation.

  • Page 226: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 8449 VUB3 Start OFF 8450 VUB3 Trip ON 8451 VUB3 Trip OFF 8452 VUB3 Block ON 8453 VUB3 Block OFF 8512 VUB4 Start ON...
  • Page 227 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function can operate on instant or time-delayed mode. The operational logic consists of the following: • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • two block signal check • time delay characteristics •...
  • Page 228 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.16 - 151. Simplified function block diagram of the f< function. Measured input The frequency protection function compares the measured frequency to the pick-up setting (given in Hz). The source of the measured frequency depends on the user-defined tracking reference which can be chosen from the Frequency tab of the Measurement menu.
  • Page 229 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description Range Step Default fset< fset<< Pick-up setting 5.00…75.00Hz 0.01Hz 49Hz fset<<< fset<<<< f> operating time f>> operating time f>>> operating time f>>>> operating time Operation time 0.000...1800.00s 0.005s 0.1s f<...
  • Page 230 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The blocking signal can also be tested in the commissioning phase by a software switch signal when the relay's testing mode "Enable stage forcing" is activated ( General → Device ). The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system.

  • Page 231: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 6363 FRQV1 f<<< Trip OFF 6364 FRQV1 f<<<< Start ON 6365 FRQV1 f<<<< Start OFF 6366 FRQV1 f<<<< Trip ON 6367 FRQV1 f<<<<...
  • Page 232 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.17 - 152. Operation of the df/dt>/< function when the frequency starts but doesn’t trip. The figure above presents an example of the df/dt>/< function's operation when the frequency is decreasing.
  • Page 233 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • measured and pre-processed frequency magnitudes. The function outputs the START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signals.
  • Page 234 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description Range Step Default df/dt>/< (1…8) 0: No used in setting Enables the protection stage in setting group. 0: No 1: Yes group Defines the operation mode of the protection stage. In "Rising" 0: Rising df/dt>/<...
  • Page 235 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation.
  • Page 236 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 6609 DFT1 df/dt>/< (5) Start OFF 6610 DFT1 df/dt>/< (5) Trip ON 6611 DFT1 df/dt>/< (5) Trip OFF 6612 DFT1 df/dt>/<...

  • Page 237: Overpower Protection (P>; 32O)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 5.3.18 Overpower protection (P>; 32O) The overpower function is used for instant and time-delayed active over-power protection. In applications like feeder, generator and motor protection this function is used to detect overload situations by measuring three-phase active power.
  • Page 238 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.18 - 155. Simplified function block diagram of the P> function. Measured input The function block uses three-phase active power values. A -20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre-fault data registering.
  • Page 239 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.18 - 174. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: Normal 1: Start P> condition Displays the status of the protection function. 2: Trip 3: Blocked Expected operating 0.000...1800.000s...

  • Page 240: Underpower Protection (P<; 32U)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.18 - 175. Event codes. Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 6400 OPW1 Start ON 6401 OPW1 Start OFF 6402 OPW1 Trip ON 6403 OPW1 Trip OFF 6404 OPW1...
  • Page 241 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • input magnitude selection • input magnitude processing • threshold comparator • two block signal check • time delay characteristics • output processing. The inputs for the function are the following: •...
  • Page 242 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Pick-up The P < setting parameter controls the pick-up of the P< function. This defines the maximum allowed measured three-phase active power before action from the function. The function constantly calculates the ratio between the P <...
  • Page 243 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is not activated when the pick-up element activates, a START signal is generated and the function proceeds to the time characteristics calculation.

  • Page 244: Reverse Power Protection (Pr; 32R)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.19 - 181. Register content. Event Trigger Pre-fault Trip time Date and time Fault power Used SG code power power remaining dd.mm.yyyy 6464-6469 Start average Trip -20ms Start -200ms Setting groups 0 ms...1800s hh:mm:ss.mss...
  • Page 245 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function outputs the START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the three (3) output signals. In the instant operating mode the function outputs START and TRIP events simultaneously with an equivalent time stamp.
  • Page 246 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function. It is accessed either through the relay's HMI display, or through the setting tool software when it is connected to the relay and its Live Edit mode is active.

  • Page 247: Line Thermal Overload Protection (Tf>; 49F)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.20 - 185. Event codes. Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 6528 RPW1 Start ON 6529 RPW1 Start OFF 6530 RPW1 Trip ON 6531 RPW1 Trip OFF 6532 RPW1...
  • Page 248 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • k = Temperature correction factor, either from a linear approximation or from a settable ten-point thermal capacity curve • e = Euler’s number • t = Calculation time step in seconds (0.005 s) •...
  • Page 249 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The described behavior is based on the assumption that the monitored object (whether a cable, a line or an electrical device) has a homogenous body which generates and dissipates heat with a rate proportional to the temperature rise caused by the current squared.
  • Page 250 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 162. Ambient temperature coefficient calculation (a three-point linear approximation and a settable correction curve). As can be seen in the diagram above, the ambient temperature coefficient is relative to the nominal temperature reference.
  • Page 251 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 164. Settings of the function's ambient temperature coefficient curve. The temperature and correction factor pairs are set to the function's settable curve.
  • Page 252 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 165. Set correction curve for ambient temperature. The correction curve for ambient temperature is shown in the figure above. The reference temperature for underground cables is usually +15 ̊ C which gives a correction factor of 1.00 (in this case also the nominal temerature).
  • Page 253 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 166. Example of a high-voltage cable datasheet. The datasheet shows the currents which in a combination with a specific installation and a specific construction method achieve a specific conductor temperature in give standard conditions (e.g. a copper conductor reaches a temperature of 90 °C when, for example, it has a continuous current- carrying capacity of 815 A, an open screen circuit, and is laid in a trefoil formation in soil whose temperature is 15 °C).
  • Page 254 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 167. General presumptions of high-voltage cables. If the installation conditions vary from the presumed conditions manufacturers may give additional information on how to correct the the current-carrying capacity to match the changed conditions. Below is an example of the correction factors provided a manufacturer (Prysmian) for correcting the current-carrying capacity.
  • Page 255 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 168. Example of correction factors for the current-carrying capacity as given by a manufacturer.
  • Page 256 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 To demonstrate the importance of the k (service factor, current-carrying capacity), let us calculate a cable installation with the correct k factor but without setting it to correct value. First we read the initial data for the setup of the thermal image: A 66 kV copper cable with a cross-section of 500 mm is installed into ground.
  • Page 257 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 169. Thermal image response with nominal load (installation according to presumptions). As the results show, the end temperature of 68.39 ̊ C is reached when the cable is loaded with a stable current for time equalling five times the time constant τ.
  • Page 258 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 170. Thermal image response with maximum load (installation according presumptions). The maximum allowed load results in the end temperature of 89.68 ̊ C which means that 99.57 % of the thermal capacity is used.
  • Page 259 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Therefore, the settings are as follows: • I = 680 A • T = 90 ̊ C • T = 15 ̊ C • T = 15 ̊ C • τ = 183.8 min •...
  • Page 260 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.3.21 - 172. Thermal response with k factor correctly set. When the installation conditions vary from the presumptive conditions, the cable's current-carrying capacity can be reduced so that the temperature of 90 ̊ C is achieved with a 550 A current instead of the 680 A current given in the initial data.
  • Page 261 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 θ = (I meas Where: • I = the measured current meas • I = the calculated effective nominal current Calcula Calculat t ed time constant: ed time constant: (-0.005[s]×(Tc[min]×60)[s]) τ=e Where: •...
  • Page 262 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • setting parameters • measured and pre-processed current magnitudes. The function's output signals can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming. The function generates general time-stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the two (2) output signal.
  • Page 263 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.21 - 189. Settings for thermal replica. Name Range Step Default Description IN thermal The current for the 100 % thermal capacity to be used (the pick-up 0.01xI 1.00xI 0.10…40.00xI current in p.u., with t achieved in time τ...
  • Page 264 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description The temperature reference setting. The manufacturer's temperature Temp. presumptions apply and the thermal correction factor is 1.00 (rated reference temperature). For underground cables the set value for this is usually -60…500deg 1deg 15deg...
  • Page 265 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Enable TF> 0: Disabled Disabled Enabling/disabling the ALARM 1 signal and the I/O. Rest 1: Enabled Inhibit TF> Inhibit 0.0…150.0% 0.1% INHIBIT activation threshold. level Enable 0: Disabled Disabled Enabling/disabling the ALARM 1 signal and the I/O.
  • Page 266 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Description 0: Light / No load The function's thermal image status. When the measured current is below 1 % of the nominal 1: High current, the status "Light/No load" is shown. When the measured current is below the trip limit, Thermal overload the status "Load normal"...
  • Page 267 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Description/values - TF> Trip delay remaining: the time to reach 100% theta - TF> Trip time to rel.: the time to reach theta while staying below the trip limit during cooling - TF>...

  • Page 268: Programmable Stage (Pgx>/<; 99)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description Event code 4288-4297 Descr. Time to reach 100 % theta seconds Ref. T current Active meas. current T at a given moment Max. temp. rise allowed degrees Temp. rise at a given moment degrees Hot spot estimate degrees...
  • Page 269 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Please note that setting the number of available stages does not activate those stages, as they also need to be enabled individually with the PSx >/< Enabled parameter. When enabled an active stage shows its current state (condition), the expected operating time and the time remaining to trip under the activation parameters.
  • Page 270 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 When two or three signals are chosen for comparison, an additional signal ( PSx Magnitude handling ) setting appears. From its drop-down menu the user chooses how the signals are pre-processed for comparison.
  • Page 271 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Similarly, the user can set up a comparison of three values. The table below presents the available modes for a three-signal comparison. Mode Description 0: Mag1 x Mag2 x Mag3 Multiplies Signals 1, 2 and 3.
  • Page 272 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The settings for different comparisons are in the setting groups. This means that each signal parameter can be changed by changing the setting group. When setting the comparators, the user must first choose a comparator mode. The following modes are available: Mode Description...
  • Page 273 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Mode Description L L ess than ess than. If the measured signal is less than the set pick-up level, the comparison condition is fulfilled. The user can also set a blocking limit: the comparison is not active when the measured value is less than the set blocking Under <...
  • Page 274 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Description IL2 2 IL2 2 harmonic value (in p.u.) IL2 3 IL2 3 harmonic value (in p.u.) IL2 4 IL2 4 harmonic value (in p.u.) IL2 5 IL2 5 harmonic value (in p.u.) IL2 7 IL2 7 harmonic value (in p.u.)
  • Page 275 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Description I01 15 I01 15 harmonic value (in p.u.) I01 17 I01 17 harmonic value (in p.u.) I01 19 I01 19 harmonic value (in p.u.) IL02 Description I02 ff (p.u.) I02 Fundamental frequency RMS value (in p.u.) I02 2 I02 2...
  • Page 276 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Description I01CapP I01 primary current of a current-capacitive component I01ResS I01 secondary current of a current-resistive component I01CapS I01 secondary current of a current-capacitive component I02ResP I02 primary current of a current-resistive component I02CapP I02 primary current of a current-capacitive component V V olta...
  • Page 277 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description cosfi3PH Three-phase reactive power direction Apparent power L1 S (kVA) Active power L1 P (kW) Reactive power L1 Q (kVar) tanfiL1 Phase active power direction L1 cosfiL1 Phase reactive power direction L1 Apparent power L2 S (kVA) Active power L2 P (kW) Reactive power L2 Q (kVar)
  • Page 278 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description Z23Angle Impedance Z L23 angle Z31Angle Impedance Z L31 angle RL1Pri Resistance R L1 primary (Ω) XL1Pri Reactance X L1 primary (Ω) RL2Pri Resistance R L2 primary (Ω) XL2Pri Reactance X L2 primary (Ω) RL3Pri...
  • Page 279 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description GL2Sec Conductance G L2 secondary (mS) BL2Sec Susceptance B L2 secondary (mS) GL3Sec Conductance G L3 secondary (mS) BL3Sec Susceptance B L3 secondary (mS) YL1PriMag Admittance Y L1 primary (mS) YL2PriMag Admittance Y L2 primary (mS) YL3PriMag...
  • Page 280 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • operating mode selections • setting parameters • digital inputs and logic signals • measured and pre-processed magnitudes. The function outputs the START, TRIP and BLOCKED signals which can be used for direct I/O controlling and user logic programming.
  • Page 281 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The variables the user can set are binary signals from the system. The blocking signal needs to reach the device minimum of 5 ms before the set operating delay has passed in order for the blocking to activate in time.
  • Page 282 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 8605 PGS1 PS5 >/< Block OFF 8606 PGS1 reserved 8607 PGS1 reserved 8608 PGS1 PS6 >/< Start ON 8609 PGS1 PS6 >/<...

  • Page 283: Control Functions

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.3.22 - 199. Register content. Date Event Trip time >/< Mag# Mag#/Set# Used SG and time code remaining dd.mm.yyyy 8576-8637 The numerical value Ratio between the measured Setting group hh:mm:ss.mss Descr.
  • Page 284 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Setting groups follow a hierarchy in which setting group 1 has the highest priority, setting group 2 has second highest priority etc. If a static activation signal is given for two setting groups, the setting group with higher priority will be active.
  • Page 285 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description 0: None 1: SG1 2: SG2 Remote 3: SG3 This parameter can be controlled through SCADA to change the setting group setting 4: SG4 0: None remotely.
  • Page 286 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.1 - 176. Setting group control – one-wire connection from Petersen coil status. Depending on the application's requirements, the setting group control can be applied either with a one-wire connection or with a two-wire connection by monitoring the state of the Petersen coil connection.
  • Page 287 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.1 - 177. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status.
  • Page 288 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.1 - 178. Setting group control – two-wire connection from Petersen coil status with additional logic. The images above depict a two-wire connection from the Petersen coil: the two images at the top show a direct connection, while the two images on the bottom include additional logic.
  • Page 289 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.1 - 179. Entirely application-controlled setting group change with the cold load pick-up function. In these examples the cold load pick-up function's output is used for the automatic setting group change.
  • Page 290 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 4168 SG6 Enabled 4169 SG6 Disabled 4170 SG7 Enabled 4171 SG7 Disabled 4172 SG8 Enabled 4173 SG8 Disabled 4174 SG1 Request ON 4175 SG1 Request OFF 4176...

  • Page 291: Object Control And Monitoring

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 4206 SG3 Active ON 4207 SG3 Active OFF 4208 SG4 Active ON 4209 SG4 Active OFF 4210 SG5 Active ON 4211 SG5 Active OFF 4212...
  • Page 292 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function generates general time stamped ON/OFF events to the common event buffer from each of the two (2) output signals as well as several operational event signals. The time stamp resolution is 1 ms.
  • Page 293 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description 0: Open Blocked 1: Open Allowed 2: Close Additional Blocked status 3: Close Displays additional information about the status of the object. information Allowed 4: Object Ready 5: Object Not Ready 6: Sync Ok...
  • Page 294 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.2 - 205. I/O. Signal Range Description Digital input or other logical Objectx Open input A link to a physical digital input. The monitored object's OPEN status. "1" refers signal selected ("Objectx Open Status to the active open state of the monitored object.
  • Page 295 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Maximum Open Determines the maximum length for a Open pulse from the output relay to the 0.02…500.00 0.02 command 0.2 s controlled object. If the object operates faster than this set time, the control pulse pulse is reset and a status change is detected.
  • Page 296 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.2 - 181. Example of an interlock application. In order for the blocking signal to be received on time, it has to reach the function 5 ms before the control command.
  • Page 297 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.2 - 208. Event codes of the OBJ function instances 1 – 5. Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 2944 OBJ1 Object Intermediate 2945 OBJ1 Object Open 2946 OBJ1...
  • Page 298 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 3017 OBJ2 Open Request OFF 3018 OBJ2 Open Command ON 3019 OBJ2 Open Command OFF 3020 OBJ2 Close Request ON 3021 OBJ2 Close Request OFF...
  • Page 299 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 3091 OBJ3 Close Blocked OFF 3092 OBJ3 Object Ready 3093 OBJ3 Object Not Ready 3094 OBJ3 Sync Ok 3095 OBJ3 Sync Not Ok 3096 OBJ3...
  • Page 300 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event Number Event channel Event block name Event Code Description 3201 OBJ5 Object Open 3202 OBJ5 Object Close 3203 OBJ5 Object Bad 3204 OBJ5 WD Intermediate 3205 OBJ5 WD Out 3206 OBJ5 WD In...

  • Page 301: Indicator Object Monitoring

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Description Close fail The cause of a "Close" command's failure. Open command The source of an "Open" command. Close command The source of an "Open" command. General status The general status of the function. 5.4.3 Indicator object monitoring The indicator object monitoring function takes care of the status monitoring of disconnectors.

  • Page 302: Auto-Recloser (79)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Range Description IndicatorX Close Digital input or other input A link to a physical digital input. The monitored indicator's CLOSE status. "1" refers to logical signal selected ("Ind.X by the user the active "Close"...
  • Page 303 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Only a minority of overhead line faults are of the permanent type which require maintenance or repair in the actual fault location. This type of fault include lightning striking the line, a tree branch touching the line, an arc caused by animals, and a short-circuit caused by some other object touching the line.
  • Page 304 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Auto-recloser scheme in radial networks A typical medium-voltage overhead network is usually radial in structure. This does not cause any additional requirements for the auto-recloser scheme apart from the above-mentioned limitations from the required air de-ionization time and the capacity of the circuit breaker.
  • Page 305 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.4 - 184. Example of shot settings (two requests and two initialized shots). In this example, earth fault (REQ2) uses its own operating time settings, whereas the time delay for overcurrent (REQ1) comes from the auto-recloser's own settings.
  • Page 306 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Auto-recloser sequence from Trip with two shots (both fail). In this auto-recloser scheme, the TRIP signal from the directional eath fault protection function (I0dir> TRIP) was set up as the operation starter for Request 2 (REQ2). REQ2 has two shots (Shots 1 and 2) enabled with the setting detailed in the image below;...
  • Page 307 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 4. The S S ho hot1 Dead T t1 Dead Time ime (200 ms) is exceeded and the function sends a "Close" request to the object breaker (AR Br AR Break eaker er): the conditions are met and the breaker's "Close"...
  • Page 308 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.4 - 188. Signal status graph of the semi-permanent earth fault auto-recloser cycle. 1. An earth fault is found in the protected line causing the I0Dir> protection to start calculating the operating time for a trip.
  • Page 309 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 10. The S S ho hot2 R t2 Reclaim T eclaim Time ime (10 s) is exceeded, and so the AR Running AR Running, S S ho hot 2 Running t 2 Running and AR2 R AR2 Request...
  • Page 310 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 1. An earth fault is found in the protected line causing the I0Dir> protection to start calculating the operating time for a trip. 2. The I0Dir> trips and gives the "Open" command to the breaker's open coil. The auto- recloser function is initiated and the AR Running AR Running, AR2 R AR2 Request...
  • Page 311 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.4 - 192. Signal status graph of the permanent overcurrent auto-recloser cycle. 1. An overcurrent is found in the protected line causing the I> protection to pick up. This activates the AR1 R AR1 Request equested...
  • Page 312 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 11. The circuit breaker is opened and the I> function's START signal is released, and simultaneously the REQ1 trip signal for auto-reclosing is released. The function is now in a steady lock-out state and waits for the user to manually reset and re-initialize the function by closing the breaker.
  • Page 313 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 2. The S S ho hot1 Star t1 Start T t Time ime (500 ms) for has elapsed and the auto-recloser function starts running (AR Running AR Running). This sends an "Open" command to the breaker. 3.
  • Page 314 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.4 - 196. Signal status graph of the transient overcurrent auto-recloser cycle. 1. An overcurrent is found in the protected line causing the I> protection to pick up. This activates the AR1 R AR1 Request equested...
  • Page 315 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Auto-recloser in meshed or ring networks A typical auto-recloser scheme cannot be applied directly to an overhead line network that has a distributed generation (DG) component; this situation will become more common as renewable power sources become more widespread.
  • Page 316 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The auto-recloser is sometimes used in time-coordinated, IDMT-protected networks that have old mechanical relays with current-dependent release times. In these cases the operation of the protection selectivity must be guaranteed by allowing all relay timing devices to completely reset during dead time to maintain the correct time discrimination after reclosing to the fault.
  • Page 317 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.4 - 198. Simplified function block diagram of the auto-recloser function. As the diagram above shows, the auto-recloser function is tied to and dependent on the block status information and configuration of the object control and monitoring function. This is why the controlled object must be configured before the auto-recloser function can be used.
  • Page 318 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Range Description Any binary Manual signal in the Allows for the manual resetting of the recloser if locked (e.g. due to Final Trip). reset device Any binary Locks the auto-recloser so that it requires a manual reset before its operation can be set to signal in the Locking "Ready".
  • Page 319 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description AR5 Request The signal "AR5 Request ON" is activated and displayed when the function is executing a shot requested by REQ5. This signal can be connected to any relay I/O as well as to communication protocols. The signal "AR Running"...
  • Page 320 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Setting Range Step Default Description Use AR Selects whether or not the AR ON and AR OFF signals are used. If set to "No" 0: Yes On/Off 1: No the auto-recloser is always in use. If set to "Yes" binary signal set to "AR ON/ 1: No signals OFF"...
  • Page 321 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.4 - 217. AR General settings. Setting Range Step Default Description 0: Object 1 Defines the monitored and/or controlled object, and the 1: Object 2 Object for monitoring and/or controlling signals issued. This selection can 2: Object 3 Object 1 be changed via the device's setting group selection in real...
  • Page 322 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Setting Range Step Default Description Defines the dead time delay of the shot, i.e. the breaker's "Open" time before the auto-recloser closes the breaker. Shot dead 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 0.000s The time calculation starts from the breaker's "Open" time delay signal.
  • Page 323 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.4 - 199. Auto-recloser shot setting parameters. The auto-recloser function's shot settings are grouped into corresponding rows to make the setting of each shot straightforward. From the settings the user can see how the reclosing cycle is executed by each request, which functions initiate requests, and which shots and requests are in use.
  • Page 324 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The setting example in the image above presents a two-shot auto-recloser. One can see that the REQ1 is started by I> START signal. The starting delay is 500 ms, followed by a 200 ms dead time; after a 200 ms "Arcing"...
  • Page 325 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Events and registers The auto-recloser function (abbreviated "AR" in event block names) generates events and registers from the status changes in the monitored signals as well as the control command fails and operations.
  • Page 326 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 4056 AR3 Request OFF 4057 AR4 Request ON 4058 AR4 Request OFF 4059 AR5 Request ON 4060 AR5 Request OFF 4061 Critical request ON 4062...
  • Page 327 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 4094 AR Running (DT) ON 4095 AR Running (DT) OFF The function registers its operation into the last twelve (12) time-stamped registers. The register of the function records the ON event process data from statuses, commands, etc.
  • Page 328 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 2954 OBJ1 Open request OFF dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 1665 NEF1 Start OFF dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 1667 NEF1 Trip OFF dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 4038 AR1 AR Reclosing request OFF dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 2945 OBJ1 Open request dd.mm.yyyy hh:mm:ss.mss 2956...

  • Page 329: Cold Load Pick-Up (Clpu)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Shots failed • Final trips • Shots cleared • AR started The counters are cumulative and they update automatically according to the operations of the auto- recloser function. They can be found in the Statistics tab at Control → Auto-recloser → Registers . 5.4.5 Cold load pick-up (CLPU) The cold load pick-up function is used for detecting so-called cold load situations, where a loss of load diversity has occured after distribution has been re-energized.
  • Page 330 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.5 - 200. Simplified function block diagram of the cold load pick-up function. Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values. A -20 ms averaged value of the selected magnitude is used for pre-fault data registering.
  • Page 331 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The pick-up activation of the function is not directly equal to the CLPU ACT signal generation of the function. The CLPU ACT signal is allowed if the blocking condition is not active. Read-only parameters The relay's Info page displays useful, real-time information on the state of the protection function.
  • Page 332 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.5 - 224. Setting parameters for operating time characteristics. Name Range Step Default Description The function's start timer which defines how long the I condition has to 0.000…1800.000s 0.005s 10.000s last before the cold load pick-up is activated.
  • Page 333 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.5 - 202. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (no cold load pick-up, I too short). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function does not activate even when the measured current dips below the I setting, because the T is not exceeded and therefore no cold load pick-up...
  • Page 334 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.5 - 203. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (activated pick-up and instant release due to overcurrent). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current dips below the I setting and has been there for T amount of time.
  • Page 335 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.5 - 204. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (activated pick-up and instant release due to too long starting). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current has stayed below the I setting for a T amount of time.
  • Page 336 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.5 - 205. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (no inrush current detected in the starting). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current has stayed below the I setting for a T amount of time.
  • Page 337 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.5 - 206. Example of timers and pick-up parameters (an inrush current detected during T time). In the example above, the cold load pick-up function activates after the measured current has stayed below the I setting for a T amount of time.

  • Page 338: Switch-On-To-Fault (Sotf)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 2692 CLP1 LoadNormal ON 2693 CLP1 LoadNormal OFF 2694 CLP1 Overcurrent ON 2695 CLP1 Overcurrent OFF 2696 CLP1 CLPUActivated ON 2697 CLP1 CLPUActivated OFF...
  • Page 339 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.6 - 207. Simplified function block diagram of the switch-on-to-fault function. Input signals The function block does not use analog measurement inputs. Instead, its operation is based entirely on binary signal statuses.

  • Page 340: Synchrocheck (Δv/Δa/Δf; 25)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.6 - 229. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: Normal 1: Init SOTF condition 2: Active Displays status of the control function. 3: Trip 4: Blocked Function blocking The function can be blocked by activating the BLOCK input.
  • Page 341 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 When only U3 or U4 voltage measurement channel has been set to "SS" mode: • SYN1 – Supervises the synchronization condition between the channel set to "SS" mode and the selected system voltage (UL1, UL2, UL3, UL12, UL23 or UL31). •...
  • Page 342 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.7 - 209. Example connection of the synchrocheck function (2LL+U0+U4 mode, SYN1 in use, UL12 as reference voltage). Figure. 5.4.7 - 210. Example connection of the synchrocheck function (2LL+U3+U4 mode, SYN3 in use, UL12 as reference voltage).
  • Page 343 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.7 - 211. Example application (synchrocheck over one breaker, with 3LL and 3LN VT connections). Figure. 5.4.7 - 212. Example application (synchrocheck over one breaker, with 2LL VT connection).
  • Page 344 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.7 - 213. Example application (synchrocheck over two breakers, with 2LL VT connection).
  • Page 345 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.7 - 214. Example application (synchrocheck over three breakers, with 2LL+U3+U4 connection). The following aspects of the compared voltages are used in synchorization: • voltage magnitudes • voltage frequencies •...
  • Page 346 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.7 - 215. System states. The following figures present simplified function block diagrams of the synchrocheck function. Figure. 5.4.7 - 216. Simplified function block diagram of the SYN1 and SYN2 function.
  • Page 347 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.7 - 217. Simplified function block diagram of the SYN3 function. Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values. The monitored magnitude is equal to RMS values. Table.
  • Page 348 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.7 - 233. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: SYN1 Blocked 1: SYN1 Ok 2: SYN1 Bypass 3: SYN1 Vcond SYN condition Displays status of the control function. 4: SYN1 Vdiff 5: SYN1 Adiff 6: SYN1 fdiff...
  • Page 349 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The general settings can be found at the synchrocheck function's INFO tab, while the synchrocheck stage settings can be found in the Settings tab ( Control → Control functions → Synchrocheck ). Table.
  • Page 350 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.7 - 235. Synchrocheck stage settings. Name Range Step Default Description 0: LL only 1: LD only 2: DL only 3: LL & LD Determines the allowed states of the supervised systems. SYNx U 4: LL &...
  • Page 351 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 2896 SYN1 SYN2 Ok ON 2897 SYN1 SYN2 Ok OFF 2898 SYN1 SYN2 Bypass ON 2899 SYN1 SYN2 Bypass OFF 2900 SYN1 SYN2 Volt condition OK...

  • Page 352: Programmable Control Switch

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range SYNx Ref1 voltage The reference voltage of the selected stage. SYNx Ref2 voltage The reference voltage of the selected stage. SYNx Volt Cond The voltage condition of the selected stage. SYNx Volt status The voltage status of the selected stage.

  • Page 353: Analog Input Scaling Curves

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.4.8 - 239. Event codes. Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description Switch 1 ON Switch 1 OFF Switch 2 ON Switch 2 OFF Switch 3 ON Switch 3 OFF Switch 4 ON Switch 4 OFF...
  • Page 354 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Time constant for input signal filtering. Curve 1...4 input 0.005...3800.000 signal filter time 0.005 s This parameter is visible when "Curve 1...4 input signal constant filtering"...

  • Page 355: Logical Outputs

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 If for some reason the input signal is lost, the value is fixed to the last actual measured cycle value. The value does not go down to the minimum if it has been something else at the time of the signal breaking. Table.

  • Page 356: Logical Inputs

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.10 - 218. Logic output example. 5.4.11 Logical inputs Logical inputs are binary signals that a user can control manually to change the behavior of the AQ-200 unit or to give direct control commands. Logical inputs can be controlled with a virtual switch built in the mimic and from a SCADA system (IEC 61850, Modbus, IEC 101, etc.).

  • Page 357: Monitoring Functions

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.4.11 - 220. Extending a logical input pulse. 5.5 Monitoring functions 5.5.1 Current transformer supervision The current transformer supervision function (abbreviated CTS in this document) is used for monitoring the CTs as well as the wirings between the device and the CT inputs for malfunctions and wire breaks.
  • Page 358 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The function constantly monitors the instant values and the key calculated magnitudes of the phase currents. Additionally, the residual current circuit can be monitored if the residual current is measured from a dedicated residual current CT.
  • Page 359 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.1 - 222. Simplified function block diagram of the CTS function. Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values, the RMS magnitude of the current measurement inputs, and the calculated positive and negative sequence currents. The user can select what is used for the residual current measurement: nothing, the I01 RMS measurement, or the I02 RMS measurement.
  • Page 360 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base I02RMS RMS measurement of residual input I02 Phase current's positive sequence component Phase current's negative sequence component IL1Ang Angle of phase L1 (A) current IL2 Ang Angle of phase L2 (B) current IL3 Ang Angle of phase L3 (C) current...
  • Page 361 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Determines the pick-up ratio threshold between the minimum and maximum values of the phase current. ratio 0.01…100.00% 0.01% 10.00% This condition has to be met for the function to activate. Determines the pick-up ratio threshold for the negative and positive sequence currents calculated from the phase currents.
  • Page 362 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.1 - 223. All works properly, no faults. Figure. 5.5.1 - 224. Secondary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. When a fault is detected and all conditions are met, the CTS timer starts counting. If the situation continues until the set time has passed, the function issues an alarm.
  • Page 363 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.1 - 225. Primary circuit fault in phase L1 wiring. In this example, distinguishing between a primary fault and a secondary fault is impossible. However, the situation meets the function's activation conditions, and if this state (secondary circuit fault) continues until the set time has passed, the function issues an alarm.
  • Page 364 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.1 - 227. Low current and heavy unbalance. If all of the measured phase magnitudes are below the I low limit setting, the function is not activated even when the other conditions (inc. the unbalance condition) are met. If the I high limit and I low limit setting parameters are adjusted according to the application's...
  • Page 365 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.1 - 229. Broken secondary phase current wiring. When phase current wire is broken all of the conditions are met in the CTS and alarm shall be issued in case if the situation continues until the set alarming time is met.
  • Page 366 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.1 - 231. Primary side high-impedance earth fault. In this example there is a high-impedance earth fault. It does not activate the function, if the measurement conditions are met, while the calculated and measured residual current difference does not reach the limit.

  • Page 367: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.5.1 - 246. Register content. Date Time to Used Event code Trigger currents Ftype and time CTSact Time The status Setting The phase currents (L1, L2 & L3), the remaining dd.mm.yyyy code of the...
  • Page 368 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.2 - 233. Simplified function block diagram of the VTS function. Measured input The function block uses analog voltage measurement values. Function uses the RMS value of the voltage measurement inputs and the calculated (positive, negative and zero) sequence currents. Table.
  • Page 369 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Time base Angle of U voltage The selection of the AI channel in use is made with a setting parameter. In all possible input channel variations the pre-fault condition is presented with a 20 ms averaged history value from -20 ms from START or TRIP event.
  • Page 370 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.5.2 - 249. Information displayed by the function. Name Range Step Description 0: Normal 1: Start 2: VTLinefail Displays status of the monitoring function. condition 3: VTBusfail 4: Blocked 0: Bus dead 1: Bus Live VTS Ok SEQ Ok...

  • Page 371: Circuit Breaker Wear

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.5.2 - 250. Event codes. Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 3392 VTS1 Bus VT fail Start ON 3393 VTS1 Bus VT fail Start OFF 3394 VTS1 Bus VT fail Trip ON...
  • Page 372 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.3 - 234. Example of the circuit breaker interrupting life operations. The function is triggered from the circuit breaker's "Open" command output and it monitors the three- phase current values in both the tripping moment and the normal breaker opening moment. The maximum value of interrupting life operations for each phase is calculated from these currents.
  • Page 373 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values and always uses the RMS magnitude of the current measurement input. Table. 5.5.3 - 252. Measurement inputs of the circuit breaker wear function. Signal Description Time base...
  • Page 374 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Setting example Let us examine the settings, using a low-duty vacuum circuit breaker (ISM25_LD_1/3) manufactured by Tavrida as an example. The image below presents the technical specifications provided by the manufacturer, with the data relevant to our settings highlighted in red: Now, we set the stage as follows: Parameter...

  • Page 375: Fault Locator (21Fl)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Parameter Setting Alarm 2 Set 100 operations With these settings, Alarm 1 is issued when the cumulative interruption counter for any of the three phases dips below the set 1000 remaining operations ("Alarm 1 Set"). Similarly, when any of the counters dips below 100 remaining operations, Alarm 2 is issued.
  • Page 376 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Measured input Function block uses analog current and voltage measurements and calculated phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground loop impedances. Table. 5.5.4 - 257. Measurement inputs of the 21FL function. Signals Description Time base VT1 U1, U2, U3 The line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages of the first voltage transformer module.

  • Page 377: Total Harmonic Distortion (Thd)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Function blocking The block signal is checked in the beginning of each program cycle. The blocking signal is received from the blocking matrix in the function's dedicated input. If the blocking signal is active when the pick- up element activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further.
  • Page 378 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Harmonics can be caused by different sources in electric networks such as electric machine drives, thyristor controls, etc. The function's monitoring of the currents can be used to alarm of the harmonic content rising too high;...
  • Page 379 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.5 - 237. Simplified function block diagram of the total harmonic distortion monitor function. Measured input The function block uses analog current measurement values. The function always uses FFT measurement of the whole harmonic specter of 32 components from each measured current channel.
  • Page 380 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Pick-up The Phase , I01 and I02 s etting parameters control the the pick-up and activation of the function. They define the maximum allowed measured current before action from the function. Before the function activates alarm signals, their corresponding pick-up elements need to be activated with the setting parameters Enable phase THD alarm , Enable I01 THD alarm and Enable I02 THD alarm .
  • Page 381 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 If the blocking signal is active when the pick-up element activates, a BLOCKED signal is generated and the function does not process the situation further. If the START function has been activated before the blocking signal, it resets and the release time characteristics are processed similarly to when the pick- up signal is reset.

  • Page 382: Disturbance Recorder (Dr)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Event number Event channel Event block name Event code Description 3529 THD1 THD Alarm I01 OFF 3530 THD1 THD Alarm I02 ON 3531 THD1 THD Alarm I02 OFF 3532 THD1 Blocked ON 3533 THD1...
  • Page 383 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description IL2” Phase current I (CT card 2) Phase current I (CT card 2) IL3” Residual current I coarse* (CT card 2) I01”c I01”f Residual current I fine* (CT card 2) Residual current I coarse* (CT card 2) I02”c...
  • Page 384 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.5.6 - 271. Digital recording channels – Measurements. Signal Description Signal Description Currents Primary phase current ILx Primary phase current TRMS (IL1, IL2, Pri.Pha.curr.ILx Pha.curr.ILx TRMS Pri (IL1, IL2, IL3) IL3) Phase angle ILx (IL1, IL2, Pha.angle ILx...
  • Page 385 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Signal Description Pos./Neg./Zero Positive/Negative/Zero Ux Angle difference Ux angle difference (U1, U2, U3) Seq volt.Angle sequence voltage angle Resistive and reactive currents ILx resistive current in per- ILx Resistive Pos.seq.
  • Page 386 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signal Description Signal Description Neutral Primary neutral susceptance B f meas qlty Quality of tracked frequency susceptance (Pri) Indicates which of the three voltage or Neutral Primary neutral admittance f meas from current channel frequencies is used by the admittance Y (Pri) relay.
  • Page 387 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The device has a maximum limit of 100 for the number of recordings. Even when the recordings are very small, their number cannot exceed 100. The number of analog and digital channels together with the sample rate and the time setting affect the recording size.
  • Page 388 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Default Description Selects what happens when the memory is full. 0: FIFO Recording mode 0: FIFO "FIFO" (= first in, first out) replaces the oldest stored recording 1: Keep olds with the latest one.
  • Page 389 The recorder is configured by using the setting tool software or relay HMI, and the results are analyzed with the AQviewer software (is automatically downloaded and installed with AQtivate). Registered users can download the latest tools from the Arcteq website (arcteq.fi./downloads/).
  • Page 390 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.6 - 238. Disturbance recorder settings. Figure. 5.5.6 - 239. Effects of recording length and pre-triggering time signals. This example is based on the settings shown above. When there is at least one recording in the device's memory, that recording can be analyzed by using the AQviewer software (see the image below).
  • Page 391 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The user can also launch the AQviewer software from the Disturbance recorder menu. AQviewer Opening f Opening folders olders Disturbance recordings can be opened by clicking on the "Open folder" icon or by going to File → Open (see the image below).
  • Page 392 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 1. You can remove plotters individually by using the red "—" icon (numbered "1" in the image below). Please note that the "Remove plotters" text appears when you move the cursor on top of the icon.

  • Page 393: Measurement Recorder

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 5.5.7 Measurement recorder Measurements can be recorded to a file with the measurement recorder. The chosen measurements are recorded at selected intervals. In the "Measurement recorder" window, the measurements the user wants to be recorded can be selected by checking their respective check boxes.
  • Page 394 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 5.5.7 - 241. Measurement recorder values viewed with AQtivate PRO. Table. 5.5.7 - 277. Available analog signals. Curr Current mea ent measur surements ements P-P Curr.I”L3 L1 Imp.React.Ind.E.Mvarh Pri.Pha.Curr.IL1 P-P Curr.I”01 L1 Imp.React.Ind.E.kvarh Pri.Pha.Curr.IL2...
  • Page 395 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Pha.Curr.IL2 TRMS Sec Neg.Seq.Volt.Pri L3 Exp.Active Energy MWh Pha.Curr.IL3 TRMS Sec Zero.Seq.Volt.Pri L3 Exp.Active Energy kWh Sec.Pos.Seq.Curr. U1Volt Sec L3 Imp.Active Energy MWh Sec.Neg.Seq.Curr. U2Volt Sec L3 Imp.Active Energy kWh Sec.Zero.Seq.Curr.
  • Page 396 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Res.Curr.angle I01 System Volt UL2 mag TM> Reference T curr. Res.Curr.angle I02 System Volt UL2 mag (kV) TM> Active meas curr. Calc.I0.angle System Volt UL3 mag TM> T est.with act. curr. Pos.Seq.Curr.angle System Volt UL3 mag (kV) TM>...

  • Page 397: Measurement Value Recorder

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Calc.I”0 L3 Tan(phi) L3 Bias current Pha.Curr.I”L1 TRMS L3 Cos(phi) L3 Diff current Pha.Curr.I”L2 TRMS 3PH Apparent Power (S) L3 Char current Pha.Curr.I”L3 TRMS 3PH Active Power (P) HV I0d> Bias current I”...
  • Page 398 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The user can set up to eight (8) magnitudes to be recorded when the function is triggered. An overcurrent fault type, a voltage fault type, and a tripped stage can be recorded and reported straight to SCADA.
  • Page 399 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Currents Description Rseq, Xseq, Zseq The positive sequence resistance, reactance and impedance values and angles. RseqAng, XseqAng, ZseqAng GL1, GL2, GL3, G0 BL1, BL2, BL3, B0 The conductances, susceptances and admittances. YL1, YL2, YL3, Y0 YL1angle, YL2angle, YL3angle The admittance angles.
  • Page 400 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 5.5.8 - 278. Reported values. Name Range Step Description 0: - 1: I> Trip 2: I>> Trip 3: I>>> Trip 4: I>>>> Trip 5: IDir> Trip 6: IDir>> Trip 7: IDir>>>...
  • Page 401 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Step Description 0: - 1: A(AB) 2: B(BC) 3: A-B(AB-BC) 4: C(CA) 5: A-C(AB-CA) 6: B-C(BC-CA) 7: A-B-C 8: - Voltage fault type The voltage fault type. 9: Overfrequency 10: Underfrequency 11: Overpower 12: Underpower...

  • Page 402: Sy Y St Stem Int 6 S Em Integra Egration Tion

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 6 System integration 6.1 Communication protocols 6.1.1 NTP When enabled, the NTP (Network Time Protocol) service can use external time sources to synchronize the device's system time. The NTP client service uses an Ethernet connection to connect to the NTP time server.

  • Page 403: Modbus/Tcp And Modbus/Rtu

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 6.1.2 Modbus/TCP and Modbus/RTU The device supports both Modbus/TCP and Modbus/RTU communication. Modbus/TCP uses the Ethernet connection to communicate with Modbus/TCP clients. Modbus/RTU is a serial protocol that can be selected for the available serial ports. The following Modbus function types are supported: •...

  • Page 404: Modbus I/O

    AQ-25x frame units support both Edition 1 and 2 of IEC61850. The following services are supported by IEC 61850 in Arcteq devices: • Up to six data sets (predefined data sets can be edited with the IEC 61850 tool in AQtivate) •...
  • Page 405 The device's current IEC 61850 setup can be viewed and edited with the IEC61850 tool ( Tools → Communication → IEC 61850 ). By browsing the 61850 tree one can see the full list of available logical nodes in the Arcteq implementation. Settings.

  • Page 406: Goose

    (slave) station. The IEC 103 protocol can be selected for the serial ports that are available in the device. A primary (master) station can then communicate with the Arcteq device and receive information by polling from the slave device. The transfer of disturbance recordings is not supported.

  • Page 407: Dnp3

    DNP3 slave is compliant with the DNP3 subset (level) 2, but it also contains some functionalities of the higher levels. For detailed information please refer to the DNP3 Device Profile document (www.arcteq.fi/downloads/ → AQ-200 series → Resources). Settings The following table describes the DNP3 setting parameters.
  • Page 408 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Name Range Default Description 0: Var 1 Group 4 variation (DBI change) 1: Var 2 Selects the variation of the double point signal. 1: Var 2 0: Var 1 1: Var 2 Group 20 variation (CNTR) 0: Var 1 Selects the variation of the control signal.

  • Page 409: Iec 101/104

    IEC 104 protocol uses Ethernet communication. The IEC 101/104 implementation works as a slave in the unbalanced mode. For detailed information please refer to the IEC 101/104 interoperability document (www.arcteq.fi/ downloads/ → AQ-200 series → Resources → "AQ-200 IEC101 & IEC104 interoperability").
  • Page 410 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 • Current • Residual current • Voltage • Residual voltage • Angle The range is the same for all of the scaling coefficients. By default, there is no scaling. • No scaling •...

  • Page 411: Spa

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 6.1.9 SPA The device can act as a SPA slave. SPA can be selected as the communication protocol for the COM B port (RS-485 port in the CPU module). When the device includes a serial RS-232 card connector, the SPA protocol can also be selected as the communication protocol for the COM E and COM F ports.
  • Page 412 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Measurable values Function block uses analog current and voltage measurement values. The relay uses these values as the basis when it calculates the primary and secondary values of currents, voltages, powers, impedances and other values.
  • Page 413 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Signals Description Z12Ang, Z23Ang, Z31Ang, Phase-to-phase and phase-to-neutral impedance angles. ZL1Ang, ZL2Ang, ZL3Ang Rseq, Xseq, Zseq Positive sequence resistance, reactance and impedance values and angles. RseqAng, XseqAng, ZseqAng GL1, GL2, GL3, G0 BL1, BL2, BL3, B0 Conductances, susceptances and admittances.

  • Page 414: Connections And Applica A Tion Examples

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 7 Connections and application examples 7.1 Connections of AQ-R215 Figure. 7.1 - 242. AQ-R215 variant without add-on modules.
  • Page 415 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 7.1 - 243. AQ-R215 variant with digital input and output modules.

  • Page 416: Two-Phase, Three-Wire Aron Input Connection

    -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 7.1 - 244. AQ-R215 application example with function block diagram. 7.2 Two-phase, three-wire ARON input connection This chapter presents the two-phase, three-wire ARON input connection for any AQ-200 series IED with a current transformer. The example is for applications with protection CTs for just two phases. The...
  • Page 417 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 7.2 - 245. ARON connection. The ARON input connection can measure the load symmetrically despite the fact that one of the CTs is missing from the installation. Normally, Phase 2 does not have a current transformer installed as an external fault is much more likely to appear on Lines 1 or 3.

  • Page 418: Construction And Installa

    In field upgrades, therefore, the add-on module must be ordered from Arcteq Relays Ltd. or its representative who can then provide the module with its corresponding unlocking code to allow the device to operate correctly once the hardware configuration has been upgraded.
  • Page 419 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 When an I/O module is inserted into the device, the module location affects the naming of the I/O. The I/O scanning order in the start-up sequence is as follows: the CPU module I/O, Slot C, Slot E, and Slot F.
  • Page 420 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 5. Scan Scans Slot D and finds the five channels of the CT module (fixed for AQ-X215). If the CTM is not found, the device issues an alarm. 6. Scan Scans Slot E, and moves to the next slot if Slot E is empty.

  • Page 421: Cpu Module

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.2 CPU module Figure. 8.2 - 248. CPU module. Module connectors Table. 8.2 - 299. Module connector descriptions. Connector Description Communication port A, or the RJ-45 port. Used for the setting tool connection and for IEC 61850, Modbus/ COM A TCP, IEC 104, DNP3 and station bus communications.
  • Page 422 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Connector Description System fault's output relay, with a changeover contact. Pins 16 and 17 are closed when the unit has a system X 16:17:18 fault or is powered OFF. Pins 16 and 18 are closed when the unit is powered ON and there is no system fault. Power supply IN.

  • Page 423: Current Measurement Module

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.3 Current measurement module Figure. 8.3 - 249. Module connections with standard and ring lug terminals. Connector Description CTM 1-2 Phase current measurement for phase L1 (A). CTM 3-4 Phase current measurement for phase L2 (B). CTM 5-6 Phase current measurement for phase L3 (C).

  • Page 424: Voltage Measurement Module

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.4 Voltage measurement module Figure. 8.4 - 250. Voltage measurement module. Connector Description VTM 1-2 Configurable voltage measurement input U1. VTM 3-4 Configurable voltage measurement input U2. VTM 5-6 Configurable voltage measurement input U3. VTM 7-8 Configurable voltage measurement input U4.

  • Page 425: Digital Input Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.5 Digital input module (optional) Figure. 8.5 - 251. Digital input module (DI8) with eight add-on digital inputs. Description (x = the number of digital inputs in other modules that preceed this one in the Connector configuration) DIx + 1...
  • Page 426 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Setting up the activation and release delays The settings described in the table below can be found at Control → Device I/O → Digital input settings in the relay settings. Table.

  • Page 427: Digital Output Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 8.5 - 252. Digital input state when energizing and de-energizing the digital input channels. Digital input voltage measurements Digital input option card channels measure voltage on each channel. The measured voltage can be seen at Control →...

  • Page 428: Arc Protection Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Connector Description X 5–6 OUTx + 3 (1 and 2 pole NO) X 7–8 OUTx + 4 (1 and 2 pole NO) X 9–10 OUTx + 5 (1 and 2 pole NO) The DO5 module is an add-on module with five (5) digital outputs.

  • Page 429: Rtd Input Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Connector Description Binary input 1 (+ pole) Binary input 1 ( – pole) The arc protection module is an add-on module with four (4) light sensor channels, two (2) high-speed outputs and one (1) binary input.

  • Page 430: Serial Rs-232 Communication Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The RTD input module is an add-on module with eight (8) RTD input channels. Each input supports 2-wire, 3-wire and 4-wire RTD sensors as well as thermocouple (TC) sensors. The sensor type can be selected with software for two groups, four channels each.
  • Page 431 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Connector Name Description • Serial-based communications • Wavelength 660 nm Serial fiber (GG/ • Compatible with 50/125 μm, 62.5/125 μm, 100/140 μm, and COM E PP/GP/PG) 200 μm Plastic-Clad Silica (PCS) fiber •...

  • Page 432: Lc 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.10 LC 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 8.10 - 258. LC 100 Mbps Ethernet module connectors. Connector Description • Communication port C, LC fiber connector. • 62.5/125 μm or 50/125 μm multimode (glass). COM C: •...

  • Page 433: Double St 100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.11 Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 8.11 - 259. Double ST 100 Mbps Ethernet communication module connectors. Connector Description • IRIG-B input Two-pin connector • Duplex ST connectors (IRIG-B input) •...
  • Page 434 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 8.11 - 260. Example of a ring configuration. Figure. 8.11 - 261. Example of a multidrop configuration.

  • Page 435: Double Rj-45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet Communication Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.12 Double RJ-45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module (optional) Figure. 8.12 - 262. Double RJ-45 10/100 Mbps Ethernet communication module. Connector Description • IRIG-B input Two-pin connector • Two Ethernet ports •...
  • Page 436 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 8.12 - 263. Example of a ring configuration. Figure. 8.12 - 264. Example of a multidrop configuration.

  • Page 437: Milliampere (Ma) I/O Module (Optional)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 8.13 Milliampere (mA) I/O module (optional) Figure. 8.13 - 265. Milliampere (mA) I/O module connections. Connector Description Pin 1 mA OUT 1 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 2 mA OUT 1 – connector (0…24 mA) Pin 3 mA OUT 2 + connector (0…24 mA) Pin 4...
  • Page 438 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 The figures below describe the device dimensions (first figure), the device installation (second), and the panel cutout dimensions and device spacing (third). Figure. 8.14 - 266. Device dimensions. Figure. 8.14 - 267. Device installation.
  • Page 439 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Figure. 8.14 - 268. Panel cutout dimensions and device spacing.

  • Page 440: Technic Echnical Da Al Data Ta

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 9 Technical data 9.1 Hardware 9.1.1 Measurements 9.1.1.1 Current measurement Table. 9.1.1.1 - 304. Technical data for the current measurement module. Connections Three phase current inputs: IL1 (A), IL2 (B), IL3 (C) Measurement channels/CT Two residual current inputs: Coarse residual current input I01, Fine residual current input inputs...

  • Page 441: Voltage Measurement

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 < ±0.2° (I> 0.05 A) Angle measurement inaccuracy < ±1.0° (I≤ 0.05 A) Burden (50/60Hz) <0.1 VA Transient overreach <5 % Fine residual current input (I02) Rated current I 0.2 A (configurable 0.001…10 A) 25 A (continuous) 100 A (for 10 s) Thermal withstand...

  • Page 442: Power And Energy Measurement

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 ±0.2 degrees (15…300 V) Angle measurement inaccuracy ±1.5 degrees (1…15 V) Voltage measurement bandwidth (freq.) 7…75 Hz fundamental, up to the 31 harmonic voltage Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact PC 5/8-STCL1-7.62 Solid or stranded wire 6 mm Maximum wire diameter...

  • Page 443: Cpu Communication Ports

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Maximum permitted interrupt time < 60 ms with 110 VDC DC ripple < 15 % Terminal block connection Terminal block Phoenix Contact MSTB 2,5/5-ST-5,08 Solid or stranded wire 2.5 mm Maximum wire diameter Table.

  • Page 444: Cpu Digital Inputs

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 IEC 61850 IEC 104 Modbus/TCP Port protocols DNP3 Telnet Data transfer rate 100 MB System integration Can be used for system protocols and for local programming Table. 9.1.2.2 - 312. Rear panel system communication port B. Port Port media Copper RS-485...

  • Page 445: Cpu Digital Outputs

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 9.1.2.4 CPU digital outputs Table. 9.1.2.4 - 314. Digital outputs (Normally Open) Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 265 V (AC/DC) Continuous carry Make and carry 0.5 s 30 A Make and carry 3 s 15 A Breaking capacity, DC (L/R = 40 ms) at 48 VDC...

  • Page 446: Digital Output Module

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Scanning rate 5 ms Activation/release delay 5...11 ms Settings Pick-up threshold Software settable: 16…200 V, setting step 1 V Release threshold Software settable: 10…200 V, setting step 1 V Pick-up delay Software settable: 0…1800 s Drop-off delay Software settable: 0…1800 s...

  • Page 447: Milliampere Module (Ma Out & Ma In)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Table. 9.1.3.3 - 319. High-Speed Outputs (HSO1…2) Rated values Rated auxiliary voltage 250 VDC Continuous carry Make and carry 0.5 s 15 A Make and carry 3 s Breaking capacity, DC (L/R = 40 ms) 1 A/110 W Control rate 5 ms...

  • Page 448: Rtd Input Module

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Update cycle 5...10 000 ms, setting step 5 ms Response time @ 5 ms cycle ~ 15 ms (13...18 ms) Update cycle time inaccuracy Max. +20 ms above the set cycle mA input scaling range 0...4000 mA Output scaling range...

  • Page 449: Display

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 9.1.4 Display Table. 9.1.4 - 325. Technical data for the HMI LCD display. Dimensions and resolution Number of dots/resolution 320 x 160 Size 84.78 × 49.90 mm (3.34 × 1.96 in) Display Type of display Color...

  • Page 450: Railway Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idrw>; 67)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up current setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±85 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <85 ms Not t e! e! •...

  • Page 451: Railway Voltage Protection Protection (Urw>/<; 27/59)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Reset ratio: - Current 97 % of the pick-up current setting - U1/I1 angle 2.0° Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±85 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <85 ms Not t e! e!

  • Page 452: Non-Directional Overcurrent Protection (I>; 50/51)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 9.2.1.4 Non-directional overcurrent protection (I>; 50/51) Table. 9.2.1.4 - 329. Technical data for the non-directional overcurrent function. Measurement inputs Current inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I RMS phase currents Current input magnitudes TRMS phase currents Peak-to-peak phase currents...

  • Page 453: Directional Overcurrent Protection (Idir>; 67)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 RMS residual current (I or calculated I Current input magnitudes TRMS residual current (I or I Peak-to-peak residual current (I or I Pick-up Measured residual current I01 (1 A) Used magnitude Measured residual current I02 (0.2 A) Calculated residual current I0Calc (5 A) Pick-up current setting...

  • Page 454: Directional Earth Fault Protection (I0Dir>; 67N/32N)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Voltage inputs + U0 Voltage input calculations Positive sequence voltage angle Pick-up Characteristic direction Directional, non-directional Operating sector center -180.0…180.0 deg, setting step 0.1 deg Operating sector size (+/-) 1.00…170.00 deg, setting step 0.10 deg Pick-up current setting 0.10…40.00 ×...

  • Page 455: Intermittent Earth Fault Protection (I0Int>; 67Nt)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 RMS residual current (I or calculated I Current input magnitudes TRMS residual current (I or I Peak-to-peak residual current (I or I Residual voltage from U3 or U4 voltage channel Voltage input (selectable) Residual voltage calculated from U RMS residual voltage U...

  • Page 456: Negative Sequence Overcurrent/ Phase Current Reversal/ Current Unbalance Protection (I2>; 46/46R/46L)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Residual current channel I (Coarse) Current inputs (selectable) Residual current channel I (Fine) Current input magnitudes Residual current samples Voltage inputs (selectable) Residual voltage from U3 or U4 voltage channel Voltage input magnitude Zero sequence voltage samples Pick-up settings...

  • Page 457: Harmonic Overcurrent Protection (Ih>; 50H/51H/68H)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 IDMT setting parameters: - k Time dial setting for IDMT 0.01…25.00, step 0.01 IDMT Constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 - B IDMT Constant 0…5.0000, step 0.0001 - C IDMT Constant 0…250.0000, step 0.0001 Inaccuracy: - IDMT operating time ±2.0 % or ±30 ms...

  • Page 458: Circuit Breaker Failure Protection (Cbfp; 50Bf/52Bf)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Reset ratio 95 % of the pick-up setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±35 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms Not t e! e! •...

  • Page 459: Overvoltage Protection (U>; 59)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Residual current channel I (Coarse) Residual current channel I (Fine) Current input calculations Calculated bias and residual differential currents Pick-up Restricted earth fault Operating modes Cable end differential...

  • Page 460: Undervoltage Protection (U<; 27)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio 1.05→ <50 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 % of the pick-up voltage setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±45 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms...

  • Page 461: Neutral Overvoltage Protection (U0>; 59N)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Not t e! e! • The low-voltage block is not in use when its pick-up setting is set to 0 %. The undervoltage function is in trip stage when the LV block is disabled and the device has no voltage injection. •...

  • Page 462: Overfrequency And Underfrequency Protection (F>/<; 81O/81U)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 5.00…150.00 %U , setting step 0.01 %U Pick-up setting Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U or ±30 mV - Voltage Low voltage block Pick-up setting 1.00…80.00 %U , setting step 0.01 %U Inaccuracy: ±1.5 %U or ±30 mV -Voltage...

  • Page 463: Rate-Of-Change Of Frequency Protection (Df/Dt>/<; 81R)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio +/- 50 mHz (Fixed) <70 ms (max. step size: 100 mHz) ratio +/- 50 mHz (Tracking) <3 cycles or <60 ms (max. step size: 100 mHz) Reset Reset ratio 0.020 Hz...

  • Page 464: Line Thermal Overload Protection (Tf>; 49F)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Not t e! e! • The frequency is measured two seconds after a signal is received. 9.2.1.19 Line thermal overload protection (TF>; 49F) Table. 9.2.1.19 - 344. Technical data for the line thermal overload protection function. Measurement inputs Phase current inputs: I (A), I...

  • Page 465: Resistance Temperature Detectors

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Instant operation time Start time and instant operation time (trip): ratio 1.05→ <50 ms Reset Reset ratio 97 or 103 %P Reset time setting 0.000…150.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±1.0 % or ±35 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms...

  • Page 466: Control Functions

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Maximum active time 0.020…50.000 s, setting step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: - Definite time (U ratio >1.05) ±1.0 % or ±35 ms Angle memory Angle drift while voltage is absent ±1.0° per 1 second Reset Reset ratio: - Voltage memory (voltage)

  • Page 467: Auto-Reclosing (0 → 1; 79)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 External object control time <75 ms Object control during auto-reclosing See the technical sheet for the auto-reclosing function. 9.2.2.3 Auto-reclosing (0 → 1; 79) Table. 9.2.2.3 - 350. Technical data for the auto-reclosing function. Input signals Software signals (protection, logics, etc.) Input signals...

  • Page 468: Switch-On-To-Fault (Sotf)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Inaccuracy: - Definite time (I ratio = 1.05/0.95) ±1.0 % or ±45 ms Instant operation time CLPU activation and release <45 ms (measured from the trip contact) Not t e! e! •...

  • Page 469: Synchrocheck (Δv/Δa/Δf; 25)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Reset Trip pulse ~5-10ms 9.2.2.7 Synchrocheck (ΔV/Δa/Δf; 25) Table. 9.2.2.7 - 354. Technical data for the synchrocheck function. Input signals Voltage inputs U1, U2, U3 or U4 voltage channel RMS line-to-line or line-to-neutral voltages Voltage input magnitudes U3 or U4 voltage channel RMS Pick-up...

  • Page 470: Voltage Transformer Supervision (60)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs Residual current channel I (Coarse) (optional) Residual current channel I (Fine) (optional) RMS phase currents Current input magnitudes RMS residual current (I ) (optional) Pick-up Pick-up current settings:...

  • Page 471: Circuit Breaker Wear Monitoring

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Reset Reset ratio 97/103 % of the pick-up voltage setting Reset time setting 0.010…10.000 s, step 0.005 s Inaccuracy: Reset time ±2.0 % or ±80 ms Instant reset time and start-up reset <50 ms VTS MCB trip bus/line (external input) <50 ms...

  • Page 472: Fault Locator (21Fl)

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Reset Reset time Typically <10 ms Reset ratio 97 % 9.2.3.5 Fault locator (21FL) Table. 9.2.3.5 - 359. Technical data for the fault locator function. Input signals Phase current inputs: I (A), I (B), I Current inputs...
  • Page 473 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Electrical environment compatibility Table. 9.3 - 361. Disturbance tests. All tests CE-approved and tested according to EN 60255-26 Emissions Conducted emissions: 150 kHz…30 MHz EN 60255-26 Ch. 5.2, CISPR 22 Radiated emissions: 30…1 000 MHz EN 60255-26 Ch.
  • Page 474 A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 Storage: +70 °C, 16 h EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-2 Operational: +55 °C, 16 h Cold test Storage: –40 °C, 16 h EN 60255-1, IEC 60068-2-1 Operational: –20 °C, 16 h Table.

  • Page 475: Ordering Inf Dering Informa Ormation Tion

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 10 Ordering information...
  • Page 476 ADAM-4018+- External 8-ch Thermocouple mA Input module, pre- Requires an external power Advanced Co. configured module Ltd. AQX033 Raising frame 87 mm Arcteq Ltd. AQX070 Raising frame 40 mm Arcteq Ltd. AQX069 Combiflex frame Arcteq Ltd. AQX097 Wall mounting bracket Arcteq Ltd.

  • Page 477: Contact And R Ence Informa Ormation Tion

    A A Q Q -R215 -R215 Instruction manual Version: 2.04 11 Contact and reference information Manufacturer Arcteq Relays Ltd. Visiting and postal address Kvartsikatu 2 A 1 65300 Vaasa, Finland Contacts Phone: +358 10 3221 370 Fax: +358 10 3221 389 Website (general): arcteq.fi...

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