Campbell CS725 Instruction Manual
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Campbell CS725 Instruction Manual

Snow water equivalent sensor
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CS725 Snow Water
Equivalent Sensor
January 2017
Copyright © 2012 - 2015
Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp.

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Summary of Contents for Campbell CS725

  • Page 1 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor January 2017 Copyright © 2012 - 2015 Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp.
  • Page 3 WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE This equipment is warranted by CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC (CANADA) CORP. ("CSC") to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service for ***** twenty-four (24) months from date of shipment unless specified otherwise. ***** Batteries are not warranted.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    6.2.2 Soil Moisture ................7 6.2.3 Initial Site Evaluation ..............7 Terminal Set-up for RS-232 Communications ........8 Communicating with the CS725 ............. 8 6.4.1 Auto BAUD Rate Detection ............8 Sensor Setup ................... 9 6.5.1 Set Internal Parameters for Field Deployment ......13 Final Parameter Setup................
  • Page 5 D.1 What is the calculation of height versus sampling foot print if the sensor were to be mounted at 10 m? .............................. D-4 D.2 Does most of the gamma detection occur under the area of the CS725? ......... D-5 Figures FIGURE 4—1.

  • Page 6: Introduction

    Tl being present in the ground. Since the radiation levels will vary from site to site, CS725 performance is site dependant.* * No special licenses or precautions are required to install or operate the CS725 because it does not emit gamma energy.

  • Page 7: Cautionary Statements

    - Aerogel Nanogel (Cabot Corporation). Proper MSDS sheets and instructions should be obtained prior to opening the CS725. • Never force the connector on to the CS725. If the connector does not easily fit into place, it is likely misaligned. Initial Inspection •...

  • Page 8: Specifications

    Each time a gamma ray is detected by the CS725, it is placed in its corresponding bin in the energy histogram (see Figure 4-1). This histogram is the basic data set required for the SWE calculation.

  • Page 9: Installation

    The CS725 must be configured using a computer before deployment. Siting It is important to determine if the intended installation site of the CS725 will have appropriate sources of Potassium (K) and Thallium (Tl) to provide...

  • Page 10: Mounting

    CS725 approximately 3 m above ground or above the expected maximum snow height. If the CS725 is submersed in the snow, it may be damaged by water ingress. The CS725 can also be mounted lower than 3 m; however, this will reduce the effective measurement area.

  • Page 11: C2476 Collimator

    CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor FIGURE 6—2. Plate Mounting FIGURE 6—3. CS725 with C2470 Mounting Kit 6.2.1 C2476 Collimator The collimator is optional. The collimator will help eliminate non-soil gamma radiation sources. Factors considered when determining whether or not to use a collimator include the presence of wooded vegetation and man-made structures, and the expected SWE for a given site.

  • Page 12: Soil Moisture

    It will be necessary to determine the soil moisture (aka: soil humidity) content of the site in % by weight. This value is entered into the CS725 setup parameters. See Appendix C Gravimetric Soil Moisture Method for detailed instructions on how to determine soil moisture content.

  • Page 13: Terminal Set-Up For Rs-232 Communications

    Upon power–up, the CS725 defaults to a baud rate parameter defined by “DefaultBaudRate”. This is normally 9600 BAUD - the recommended setting. The ‘Esc’ key resets the current command line being entered into the CS725. If you are communicating with the CS725 using another intelligent device, the commands must be preceded with the Esc character to ensure reliable operation.

  • Page 14: Sensor Setup

    (or USB) as shown in Table 7-1 Connection to Datalogger and DB9F-TERM (Section 7.3). Start terminal program, connect to CS725, and set internal parameters The following example uses HyperTerminal for the terminal software. Open HyperTerminal > File > New Connection...
  • Page 15 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor Change Port Settings as necessary to match the following screen: Click Apply > OK Next, go to File > Properties...
  • Page 16 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor Click on the Settings tab Set parameters according to the following screen shot: Click on ASCII Setup…...
  • Page 17 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor Check the box beside ‘Echo typed characters locally’ Click OK and return to the main HyperTerminal screen. Apply +12Vdc power to the CS725. The sensor will power up and start communicating with your computer. The following screen should appear:...

  • Page 18: Set Internal Parameters For Field Deployment

    CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor Where: GMONIII: Original sensor identifier (now known as model CS725) Scionix 3x3: Gamma detector type V5c_15_m: Firmware software revision SN: 8008: sensor serial number 6.5.1 Set Internal Parameters for Field Deployment Internal parameters are accessed by menus. There are several menu options used for technical diagnoses and firmware upgrades;...
  • Page 19 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor [.d] Display date and time [.dd] Modify date and time [.hd] Read back histograms from EPROM according to dates [.f] Read back measurement results from EPROM according to dates [.fl] Read back current day measurement results [flla] Read back last calculated line result [.fs] Read back last results calculated line result in short form ±...
  • Page 20 This changes the clock to 02 minutes Type 99<Enter> for the CS725 to accept the changes Verify date and time .d<Enter> The CS725 does not perform any timezone or Daylight-Savings time correction. Enter parameter setup menu .p<Enter> The following menu will appear: [1] Station ID (Max 8 characters;...
  • Page 21 15. Set the Number of hours per partial histo to 1 18<space>1<Enter>99<Enter> 99<Enter> 16. Place CS725 in Manual mode 19<space>1<Enter> 17. Save the parameters to the CS725 99<Enter> 99<Enter> 18. Return to the Main Menu by typing ?<Enter> and continue as follows. .a<Enter>...
  • Page 22 Pos K = 246.8; Pos Tl = 437.3; Cnt K = 010200.0; Cnt Tl = 001410.0; 20. Compare the counts to Tables 6-2 and 6-3. The CS725 uses only K or Tl to calculate SWE. TABLE 6-2. Potassium Count (Cnt K) Guideline for SWE – 1 hour...

  • Page 23: Final Parameter Setup

    [9] and [10]. If you are able to access the site again before freeze-up, enter the new value in [10]. The more accurate soil humidity readings, the better the SWE measurement. A gravimetric soil moisture calculation must be done every year before winter and entered into the CS725, so that it has an...

  • Page 24: Final Setup Verification

    SWE measurements will be referenced. Finally, return to [.p] menu and change parameter [19] to 2 (HCalib Mode). This mode allows the CS725 to determine the baseline SWE value before snowfall. 19<space>2<Enter> this will put CS725 in HCalib mode 99<Enter>...
  • Page 25 18. Displacement of the K peak from its nominal position (in bins) 19. Statistical significance of the SWE Tl measurement 20. Power input voltage at the CS725 (after protection diode drop) Verify that there are K counts total (column 4) and that there are about 6 times the counts you measured the day before when evaluating the site, as the ouput is over a 6 h period instead of a 1 h period.

  • Page 26: Operation

    CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor Operation Internal Makeup of CS725 To reduce drastic temperature gradients, the CS725 is filled with an advanced insulating material known as Nanogel. The manufacturer’s (Cabot Corporation) MSDS sheet should be consulted prior to exposing the Nanogel insulation.

  • Page 27: Solar Powered Sites

    7.2.1 Solar Powered Sites The maximum power draw from the CS725 is 180 mA (4.32 Amp-hours) per day. It is recommended that solar powered systems be designed with a minimum reserve capacity of 260 Amp-hours. It is important to account for the power draw from other equipment that may operate from the power supply.

  • Page 28: Datalogger And Basic Programming

    CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor Datalogger and Basic Programming 7.4.1 Extended data output [.flla] command The following program example reads the data values using the [.flla] command. This program obtains information reported SWE values, in addition to radiation counts and other diagnostic information.
  • Page 29 'calculate SWE on the Hour every 6 Hours. 'The CS725 is read every 6 hour in this program. 'The reading will take place 10 minutes After the period to ensure the CS725 'is not processing calculations at the top of the hour when the measurement is...

  • Page 30: Short Form Data Output [.Fs] Command

    'CS725_Stats 'CS725_PWR_Volt *Suggest to Output to Final Storage* SplitStr (CS725_Values(loopcount),CS725SplitStr(loopcount + 3),"",1,0) Next 'Prepare the output time string from when the CS725 produced the data 'Format is YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM CS725_TIME_String = FormatFloat (CS725_Year,"%04.0f") + "-" CS725_TIME_String=CS725_TIME_String + FormatFloat(CS725_Month,"%02.0f") + "-"...
  • Page 31 'calculate SWE on the hour every 6 hours. 'We will simply read the CS725 every hour in this program. 'The reading will take place 10 minutes after the hour to ensure the CS725 'is not burdened with extra processing when the measurement is requested...

  • Page 32: Troubleshooting And Maintenance

    It is recommended that the CS725 be calibrated every 7 years to ensure the gamma ray detector does not drift out of specification and to replace the internal lithium battery.

  • Page 33: Table 8-1. Maximum Baud Rates For Various Cable Lengths

    The following will be displayed once “0xw” is entered: Allocating memory buffer,,,,,,,, After the memory is allocated (within 1 min), the CS725 will prompt for the file transfer with the following message: Launch the file transfer with the HyperTerminal...
  • Page 34 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor The supplied programming file will need to be selected and sent to the CS725. This process takes approximately 5 min @ 57600 BAUD, and in excess of 30 min @ 9600 BAUD. If the scrolling characters stop for a long duration, it is possible that an error in communication has occurred.

  • Page 36: Appendix A. Detailed Main Menu Command Information

    Appendix A. Detailed Main Menu Command Information 1. [.l] The [.l] command is used to set the language setting to French or English. The following menu is activated once the [.l] command is received: [0] Tapez 0 pour Francais [1] Type 1 for English Type the number 0 for French or the number 1 for English followed by <Enter>.
  • Page 37 Detailed Main Menu Command Information [.hl] The [.hl] command is used to obtain a graphical representation of the current histogram results. This information would normally be used for diagnostics or by a user who requires an analysis of the gamma radiation spectrum. The command produces a log scale graph as follows: [.hr] The [.hr] command is used to verify radiation counts in Manual mode.
  • Page 38 This parameter is only made use of when the CS725 is in the Manual mode. The CS725 is placed in Manual mode by entering the Parameter Menu [.p] and set parameter 19 to 1 for Manual mode.
  • Page 39 16/09/2009 15:02:54 The time should be set for the purpose of control and analysis of the data. It can be local time, GMT, or any other. The CS725 does not perform any time zone or Daylight-Savings time correction. Change the time and date by using the following command: .dd<space>dd/mm/yyyy<space>...
  • Page 40 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor [99] Accept selection To Modify: [parameter number, space, new value,CR] After the last day or end date is accepted the Histograms will be reported in the following format. For each day requested the date is placed first followed by the 1024 bin values.
  • Page 41 18. Displacement of the K peak from its nominal position (in bins) 19. Statistical significance of the SWE Tl measurement 20. Power input voltage at the CS725 (after protection diode drop) 14. [.flla] Display last reading. The output is in the same format as [.fl] command above.
  • Page 42 => [1] Station ID A user selectable value that can be used to identify a CS725. The Station ID is part of the output information for certain data formats. The value is a string (maximum 8 alphanumeric characters). DO NOT use spaces in the station ID.
  • Page 43 [8] Collim (1: Collimator installed; 0: no collimator) This parameter is used to indicate if the optional collimator is being used with the CS725. Be sure to select the appropriate configuration, as this does affect the function of the CS725.
  • Page 44 K/Tl ratio is higher than the threshold, it is assumed that there is a snow cover. The nominal humidity parameter is then used for the calculation. Otherwise, the snow cover is assumed to be zero, and the CS725 calculates the humidity of the soil. The default value is 5 mm.
  • Page 45 [.0xps] Parameters save to file function The [.0xps] command is used to save the parameters list from the CS725 in a text file. It is useful when a new CS725 has replaced an old CS725 at a site. The CS725 will prompt:...
  • Page 46 The [.0xpr] command is used to recover the parameters list from a text file created with the [.0xps] command and send the list to the CS725 . It is useful when a new CS725 replaced an old CS725 at a site. The CS725 will prompt:...

  • Page 48: Appendix B. 24 Hour K And Tl Counts Used For Site Evaluation

    Appendix B. 24 hour K and Tl Counts used for Site Evaluation TABLE B-1. Potassium Count (Cnt Tl) Guideline for SWE – 24 hour Reading With Without Description Collimator Collimator < 96000 144000 Insufficient K at site 96000 to 144000 to Usable Cnt K range.
  • Page 49 Appendix Title...

  • Page 50: Appendix C. Gravimetric Soil Moisture Method

    C.1 Gravimetric Soil Moisture Method Determining the amount of soil moisture is necessary to initiate data collection for Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) monitoring with a CS725. The prefered method to determine soil moisture is the Gravimetric Soil Moisture Method. C.1.1 Equipment Required •...
  • Page 51 %weight = 100 x (mass of water/mass of dry soil) Input this value into the CS725 parameter [9] Nominal soil humidity in %weight (min: 1, max: 150) Once the soil is frozen, this quantity is relatively constant. The format is an integer between 1 and 150.
  • Page 52 CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor...

  • Page 53: Appendix D. Faq

    D.1 What is the calculation of height versus sampling foot print if the sensor were to be mounted at 10 m? This is of interest as the CS725 can easily sample a larger area than 3 – 5 m snow pillow or snow scale.

  • Page 54: Does Most Of The Gamma Detection Occur Under The Area Of The Cs725

    CS725 Snow Water Equivalent Sensor D.2 Does most of the gamma detection occur under the area of the CS725? Answer: Yes, the closer the distance, the more influence it has on the overall readings for a given area. The following table provides some theoretical calculations on the contribution to total counts versus angle from the center.
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