Annex B - Coefficients Of The Fuels And Formulas - E Instruments E4500 Operating & Maintenance Manual

ANNEX B
Coefficients of the fuels and Formulas
The following chart, derived from standard UNI 10389-1, lists the coefficients of the memorized fuels, used for
calculating losses and efficiencies.
Fuel
Natural gas
Propane
L.P.G.
Butane
Diesel oil
Fuel oil
Propane air
Biogas
Pellets 8%
Wood 20%
Chipped wood
Coal
Details of the coefficients of the fuels:
• CO2 t: The value of CO2 generated by combustion in stoichiometric condition, i.e. without excess Oxygen
and therefore maximum.
A1, A2, B: Also please have a look at the Siegert formulas from the European standard EN50379-1 (in the
•
following).
A1 is the parameter in the Siegert Formula when the CO2 measurement is available.
A2 is used when the O2 measurement is available.
Note: Please also consider that in the U.S. usually the A1 parameter is the same as the 'european'
A1 BUT divided by 21.
Flue gas heat losses are calculated from measured oxygen content according to the relationship:
Flue gas heat losses are calculated from measured carbon dioxide content according to the relationship:
• CO conv: Conversion coefficient from ppm to mg/KWh. It can be expressed as a function of the gas density
(CO in this case) and the volume of the dry smoke.
• NO conv: Same as CO conv, but for NO.
• NOx conv: Same as CO conv, but for NO.
• SO2 conv: Same as CO conv, but for NO.
• PCI: Calorific Value. Italian for LHV (Lower Heating Value).
• PCS: Calorific Value. Italian for HHV (Higher Heating Value).
• m H2O: Mass of the air produced (per each Kg of fuel) in the combustion in stoichiometric condition.
• m Air: Mass of the air needed for combustion in stoichiometric condition.
• V g.d.: Volume of dry smokes produced in the combustion.
Coefficients for calculating combustion efficiency
A1 B
0.660 0.0100
0.630 0.0080
0.630 0.0080
0.630 0.0080
0.680 0.0070
0.680 0.0070
0.682 0.0069
0.719 0.0086
0.740 0.0071
0.761 0.0089
0.8020 0.0108
0.7620 0.0023
CO2t PCI
(%) (KJ/Kg)
11.70 50050 55550
13.90 45950 49950
13.90 45730 49650
13.90 45360 49150
15.10 42700 45500
15.70 41300 43720
13.76 28250 30700
16.81 19200 21250
19.01 18150 19750
18.93 15450 17170
20.56 11950 13565
19.06 31400 32300
137
PCS M aria M H
(KJ/Kg) (Kg/Kg) (Kg/Kg)
17.17 2.250
15.61 1.638
15.52 1.602
15.38 1.548
14.22 1.143
13.73 0.990
9.13 0.999
6.38 0.840
6.02 0.660
5.27 0.700
4.20 0.660
10.70 0.370
K000000000EJ 023826A0 100714
O V gas dry
2
3
(m /Kg)
11.94
11.11
11.03
10.99
10.34
10.06
6.77
5.82
4.58
4.01
3.25
8.14