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*Sulfides in the water quickly oxidize when exposed to air, requiring that no agitation occur as the sample is taken. Unless tested immediately at the site, the sample will require stabilization with a
few drops of one Molar zinc acetate solution, allowing accurate sulfide determination up to 24 hours after sampling. A low pH and high alkalinity cause system problems, even when both values
are within the ranges shown. The term pH refers to the acidity, basicity, or neutrality of the water supply. Below 7.0, the water is considered to be acidic. Above 7.0, water is considered to be basic.
Neutral water contains a pH of 7.0.
†Dissolved carbon dioxide can either be calculated from the pH and total alkalinity values, shown below, or measured on the site using a test kit. Dissolved Carbon Dioxide, PPM = TA x
2[(6.3-pH)/0.3] where TA = Total Alkalinity, PPM as CaCO3.
AIR VENTING — For proper system operation, it is essential that water loops be installed with proper means to
manage air in the system. Free air in the system can cause noise, reduce terminal output, stop flow, or even cause pump
failure due to pump cavitation.
FILLING THE SYSTEM — The initial fill of the chilled water system must accomplish three purposes:
1. The entire piping system must be filled with water.
2. The pressure at the top of the system must be high enough to vent air from the system (usually 4 psig is adequate for
most vents).
The chiller with the integrated pump has been installed an air vent in the hydronic module. If the height of the
external water system exceeds integrated unit water system, the customer must install an air vent at the highest point
of the water system.
3. The pressure at all points in the system must be high enough to prevent flashing in the piping or cavitation in the
pump.
In the initial filling process, open air vents to ensure all the air in the water loop should be purged or vented from the
system. And do not close the air vent until water flows out freely from all the air vents without air.
For the chiller with integrated pump, please refer to the venting requirement to operate.
VENTING DURING OPERATION——During the system operation, there may be the air coming into the water loop
due to the filling. Please make the daily inspection of pressure gauge and sound of the water system. If there is pressure
fluctuation or abnormal noise, the air should be eliminated by the air vent.
34
Cl-
H
S*
2
2-
SO
4
†
CO
2
2+
3+
Fe
/Fe
O
2
NO
3
Si
Al
Mn
71.2<...<151.3mg/l
Hardness
Resistance
200<...<600µS/cm
Conductivity
pH
Carrier Yileng - Shanghai, China
< 300 ppm
<0.05 ppm
< 70 ppm
<5 ppm
<0.2 ppm
< 5 ppm
<100 ppm
< 0.1 ppm
<0.2 ppm
<0.1 ppm
CaCO
3
>3000ohm.cm
7.5<...<9
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