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PerkinElmer Spotlight 150 User Manual

PerkinElmer Spotlight 150 User Manual

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MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
Spotlight 150
User's Guide

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Summary of Contents for PerkinElmer Spotlight 150

  • Page 1 MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY Spotlight 150 User’s Guide...
  • Page 2 The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Except as specifically set forth in its terms and conditions of sale, PerkinElmer makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this document, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Operation ......................26 The Optical System ..................27 Visible Light Optics ..................27 Infrared Optics ..................30 Getting Ready to Use the Spotlight 150 ..........33 Before Using the Spotlight 150 ................34 Cooling the MCT Detector .................35 Setting up the Spotlight 150 ................38 Focusing the Microscope ................39 Fitting an Attenuator to the Spectrometer ...........41...
  • Page 4 Fitting the Plug ..................100 Connecting the Microscope to the Electrical Supply ........101 Connecting the Microscope to the Spectrometer........101 Appendices ..................... 102 Appendix 1: Decontamination and Cleaning ............. 103 Appendix 2: WEEE Instructions for PerkinElmer Products ......... 104 Index ......................105...

  • Page 5: Introduction

    Introduction...

  • Page 6: About This Manual

    Spotlight 150: Getting Ready to Use the Spotlight 150 • gives you information on how to set up your Spotlight 150 at the beginning of the day's work, to make sure that it is working properly. Preparing Samples • describes techniques for preparing many types of microscopic samples.

  • Page 7: Conventions Used In This Manual

    All eight digit numbers are PerkinElmer part numbers unless stated otherwise. “Spectrometer” refers to the Frontier IR Systems, Spectrum 400 Series, Spectrum 100 Series, Spectrum 65 or Spectrum One spectrometer supplied with your Spotlight 150. Notes, Cautions and Warnings Three terms, in the following standard formats, are also used to highlight special circumstances and warnings.
  • Page 8 8 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide We use the term CAUTION to inform you about situations that could result in serious damage to the instrument or other equipment. Details about CAUTION these circumstances are in a box like this one.
  • Page 9 Introduction . 9 We use the term WARNING to inform you about situations that could result in personal injury to yourself or other persons. Details about these circumstances are in a box like this one. WARNING Warning (Warnung) Bedeutet, daß es bei Nichtbeachten der genannten Anweisung zu einer Verletzung des Benutzers kommen kann.

  • Page 10: Definitions

    Connecting the PC to the Local Area Network The PC provided is connected point-to-point to the Spotlight 150. If you wish to connect the PC to your local area network to enable transfer of data, we recommend that you contact...

  • Page 11: Warnings And Safety Information

    Warnings and Safety Information...

  • Page 12: The Spotlight 150

    12 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide The Spotlight 150 The Spotlight 150 consists of a microscope, FT-IR spectrometer and a PC. Figure 1 Spotlight 150 – Microscope and Frontier IR System Figure 2 Spotlight 150 – Microscope and Spectrum Two System...

  • Page 13: Summary

    Spotlight 150. DO make sure that all parts of the Spotlight 150 are properly connected to the electrical • supply; in particular, make sure that the ground (earth) wires are securely connected.

  • Page 14: General Operating Conditions

    (L1050002) includes instrument manuals for the Frontier IR Systems, Spectrum 400 Series and Spectrum 100 Series spectrometers. The microscope has been designed and tested in accordance with PerkinElmer specifications and in accordance with the safety requirements of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

  • Page 15: Electrical Safety

    Disconnect the microscope from all voltage sources before opening for any adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair. Any adjustment, replacement, maintenance or repair must be performed by a PerkinElmer Service Representative. The microscope must only be connected to equipment meeting the requirements of IEC 61010-1 (Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use –...

  • Page 16: Location And Ventilation

    16 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Location and Ventilation The Spotlight 150 is installed by a PerkinElmer Service Representative, who will be able to advise on the positioning of the system. To allow for adequate cooling, the system should not be sited near to room heating equipment, for example, central-heating radiators. There should be a minimum gap of at least 15 cm (6 inches) from the top and side surfaces of the microscope to permit adequate cooling.

  • Page 17: Warning Labels

    Warnings and Safety Information . 17 Warning Labels When this label is attached to an instrument it means “Caution, risk of danger”. Refer to the manual to find out the nature of the potential hazard and any actions which have to be taken. Microscope Safety Labels The following safety labels are fixed to the microscope.

  • Page 18: Warning Signs On The Microscope

    18 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Warning Signs on the Microscope Caution, risk of electric shock. Caution, risk of danger. Refer to accompanying documents to find out the nature of the potential hazard and any actions which have to be taken.

  • Page 19: Lifting The Spotlight 150

    Do not attempt to lift it by the stage, cassegrain assembly or other attachments. • The spectrometer weighs approximately 34 kg unpacked and has a lifting recess on either side. Do not move the Spotlight 150 after it has been installed without consulting your local PerkinElmer Service Representative.

  • Page 20: Emc Compliance

    20 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide EMC Compliance EC directive The Spotlight 150 has been designed and tested to meet the requirements of the EMC Directive 2004/108/EC. The Spotlight 150 complies with the EMC standard EN61326, (EMC standard for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use) and EN55011 (ISM) class A (rf emissions).

  • Page 21: System Requirements

    The line supply must be within 10% of the nominal voltage. For example, 230 V ± 10%. If possible, do not connect any parts of the Spotlight 150 to circuits that have heavy duty equipment, such as large motors, connected.

  • Page 22: Safety Specifications

    22 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Safety Specifications Microscope Power supply 100–230 V ± 10%, 50–60 Hz ± 10% Primary fuse 2.0 A T (time-lag), 250 V Weight 32 kg (without the sample stage)

  • Page 23: Overview Of The Spotlight 150

    Overview of the Spotlight 150...

  • Page 24: A Guided Tour Of The Spotlight 150

    24 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide A Guided Tour of the Spotlight 150 The Spotlight 150 enables you to collect IR spectra from extremely small samples. The PerkinElmer cassegrain collection optics give high-performance infrared microspectroscopy. The microscope includes a camera and viewing system that magnifies the visible-light image of the sample so that you can see and position a point of interest.

  • Page 25: Connections

    Overview of the Spotlight 150 . 25 Connections Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the connections on the microscope. SP1 – connects to spectrometer external left port Single element detector output: 9-way D type, male Video Figure 5 Connections (top rear of microscope)

  • Page 26: Operation

    26 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Operation The table below lists the modes of operation that should be used for particular samples. Transmittance Single areas of thin solids, fibers and films. The optimal aperture range depends upon the detector type, as follows: MCT detector: Between 10 µm and 100 µm.

  • Page 27: The Optical System

    Spotlight 150 enables you to select between transmittance and reflectance operation. This section describes what happens within the optical system when the system changes from visible light to infrared mode in transmittance and reflectance operation.
  • Page 28 Figure 7 Path of the visible beam for viewing a sample in transmittance NOTE: Figure 7, above, illustrates a Spotlight 150 with an MCT detector. Other detector types may look different, but the optical arrangement is the same in all cases.
  • Page 29 Figure 8 Path of the visible beam for viewing a sample in reflectance NOTE: Figure 8, above, illustrates a Spotlight 150 with an MCT detector. Other detector types may look different, but the optical arrangement is the same in all cases.

  • Page 30: Infrared Optics

    Figure 9 Path of the infrared beam for collecting an image in transmittance NOTE: Figure 9, above, illustrates a Spotlight 150 with an MCT detector. Other detector types may look different, but the optical arrangement is the same in all cases.
  • Page 31 Figure 10 Path of the infrared beam for collecting IR spectra in reflectance NOTE: Figure 10, above, illustrates a Spotlight 150 with an MCT detector. Other detector types may look different, but the optical arrangement is the same in all cases.
  • Page 32 32 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide...

  • Page 33: Getting Ready To Use The Spotlight 150

    Getting Ready to Use the Spotlight 150...

  • Page 34: Before Using The Spotlight 150

    • Set up the microscope; Focus the microscope. • We recommend that you use these procedures at the beginning of the day's work, or any time the Spotlight 150 has not been in use or has been used by others.

  • Page 35: Cooling The Mct Detector

    Use the following procedure to cool the MCT detector. NOTE: If your Spotlight 150 is fitted with a DTGS or InGaAs detector, cooling is not required. The extremely low temperature of liquid nitrogen can burn skin and eyes.
  • Page 36 36 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide 1. Open the flap covering the dewar. 2. Remove the dewar cap. 3. Place the small funnel supplied with the microscope in the opening in the detector dewar (Figure 11). Figure 11 The dewar opening with the funnel inserted Stand where you can see the inside of the funnel as you pour the nitrogen in, but without positioning your head over the funnel itself.
  • Page 37 Getting Ready to Use the Spotlight 150 . 37 7. Remove the funnel and wait two minutes. The liquid nitrogen settles down and bubbling slows. 8. When the nitrogen stops bubbling, refit the detector cap. The filled dewar cools the MCT to the correct operating temperature for several hours.

  • Page 38: Setting Up The Spotlight 150

    2. Switch on the microscope at the rear switch. The blue LED light at the front comes on. 3. At your PC, from the Start menu select Programs; the PerkinElmer Applications group; the Spectrum sub-group and then the Spectrum application.

  • Page 39: Focusing The Microscope

    Getting Ready to Use the Spotlight 150 . 39 9. Select the Beam Location that directs the beam path to the Spotlight 150. Figure 12 Beam path directed to the Spotlight 150 10. Select the Setup Microscope tab. You are prompted to start the microscope initialization and aperture calibration procedure.
  • Page 40 Coarse (outer) and fine (inner) focus controls X-axis stage control (left to right) Figure 13 Focus and stage position controls on the Spotlight 150 Microscope Focusing the image 1. Place your sample on the sample stage. 2. Select the Setup Microscope tab.

  • Page 41: Fitting An Attenuator To The Spectrometer

    If your Spotlight 150 is supplied with a Frontier or Spectrum 400 FT-IR/FT-NIR dual-range spectrometer or if your Spotlight 150 has an InGaAs detector, you will be provided with an Attenuator kit (part number L1160560) containing 1%T, 4%T, 6%T, 14%T and 32%T attenuators.

  • Page 42: Setting Scan Parameters

    −1 to 4000 cm NOTE: To work in the near-IR range of the spectrum the Spotlight 150 must be attached to a dedicated near-IR spectrometer or a dual-range spectrometer which has been set up to operate in the near-IR range.
  • Page 43 If you are sampling in reflectance, you may want to use an appropriate reference, such as the gold mirror supplied with your Spotlight 150. See the Spectrum on-screen help for more information.
  • Page 44 44 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide 4. Select Monitor function from the Measurement menu or click to monitor the energy throughput. 5. Adjust the lower cassegrain for maximum energy using the up and down arrows of the Correction function. Clicking Zero will move the cassegrain to the optimum position for an open beam (suitable for very thin samples).

  • Page 45: Preparing Samples

    Preparing Samples...

  • Page 46: Preparing Samples

    46 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Preparing Samples The Spotlight 150 enables you to examine live image of the sample on the Setup Microscope tab and to choose the area where you want to collect images or spectra. To make sure that you collect good quality spectra, it is important that you prepare samples properly.

  • Page 47: Tools For Sample Preparation

    Preparing Samples . 47 Tools for Sample Preparation This section lists the tools you need for preparing samples: Tools provided with the Spotlight 150; • • Tools in the microsampling toolkit; • Materials to have available; • Specialized accessories you may want to purchase.

  • Page 48: Other Useful Tools

    48 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Figure 18 Some of the Tools in the Microsampling Toolkit Other Useful Tools Depending on the type of samples that you usually work with, it may be helpful to have some of the following tools:...

  • Page 49: Specialized Accessories

    Fiber Optic Illuminator (part number N9302602); • Microtome. Items to Have Available In addition to the items provided with the Spotlight 150, we recommend that you have the following available: • Tape with adhesive on both sides (“double-sided tape”) for holding long or large samples on the sample stage;...

  • Page 50: Common Window Materials

    50 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Common Window Materials Both liquid and solid samples are often mounted on salt windows. Very thin windows, 1 to 2 mm thick, give the best spectra. The following materials are commonly used in windows: KBr: Potassium bromide is inexpensive, and it transmits infrared radiation to below •...

  • Page 51: Techniques For Preparing Samples For Transmission Measurements

    Preparing Samples . 51 Techniques for Preparing Samples for Transmission Measurements This section describes some useful techniques for preparing various types of samples. Flattening Solids Flattening samples by pressing or squeezing often enables you to make thick samples thin enough to give good infrared spectra. As the samples are usually quite small, only moderate force is necessary.

  • Page 52: Slicing Samples From Solids

    52 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Compressing between infrared transmitting windows Pressing two windows together, with the sample between them, compresses the sample. This also provides optical contact between the windows and the sample, reducing surface scattering. Windows made of NaCl or KBr are relatively soft. If your sample is hard, or if it is wet, use or ZnSe.

  • Page 53: Polymers

    Preparing Samples . 53 2. Run a razor blade or the roller knife along the edge of the upper slide. The triangular piece of the sample is sliced off, giving a wedge-shaped sample. 3. To mount the sample, rotate it so that it is positioned as shown on the right in Figure 19.
  • Page 54 54 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide To thin a sample in the miniature diamond anvil cell: 1. Loosen and remove the three screws that hold the cell together. 2. Lift off the top half of the cell and set it aside.

  • Page 55: Particles

    Preparing Samples . 55 Filled polymers When a polymer contains a high concentration of fillers, and you want to analyze the polymer, you have to prepare a sample for analysis that is free of filler. Often you can obtain a suitable sample by cutting a thin wedge of the material with a sharp blade.

  • Page 56: Fibers

    56 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Separating by aperturing Powders and other particulate solids may contain several different components. Instead of separating them, use the infrared aperture to isolate the component you want to sample: 1. Spread the sample out with a probe so that you can visually distinguish the components.

  • Page 57: Coatings On Substrates

    70 for details. Liquids Solutions of samples Although liquids are seldom analyzed with the Spotlight 150, sometimes the sample of interest is in solution. 1. Transfer the solution on to a salt plate. 2. Allow the solvent to evaporate, leaving the sample on the plate.
  • Page 58 58 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide...

  • Page 59: Techniques For Collecting Spectra

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra...

  • Page 60: Techniques For Collecting Spectra

    60 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Techniques for Collecting Spectra This chapter describes how accessories and collection techniques enable you to collect spectra from different types of sample. Using the Compression Cell The optional compression cell (part number N1870185, Figure 21) enables you to flatten soft materials.

  • Page 61: Collecting A Spectrum From A Thick Sample

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 61 Collecting a Spectrum from a Thick Sample If your sample is very thick, you will have to lower the stage to focus the sample. For very thick samples you may have to remove the lower cassegrain assembly; then only the reflectance method can be used to view the sample and collect spectra.

  • Page 62: Collecting A Spectrum In An Inert Atmosphere

    62 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide To refit the lower cassegrain after use 1. Raise the stage to its highest position and ensure that the stage is centered. Before moving the stage up from the Park or Lower park positions you must ensure that the stage is centered.
  • Page 63 Purging the system 1. Make sure that all parts of the purge system, as listed above, are in place. 2. Set up the microscope. Getting Ready to Use the Spotlight 150 starting on page 33. 3. Place the sample in position.

  • Page 64: Viewing A Sample With The Visible Polarizer Accessory

    64 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Viewing a Sample with the Visible Polarizer Accessory Polarized visible light can enable you to identify areas or structures that differ chemically and to solve problems commonly found in infrared microspectroscopy applications. The Theory of Light Polarization Ordinary light and infrared radiation consists of waves vibrating in all possible planes perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

  • Page 65: Applications

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 65 The second occurs because the light transmitted by the first polarizer oscillates in exactly the plane that is blocked by the second polarizer. Figure 25 Polarizers parallel (top) and polarizers crossed (bottom) anisotropic birefringent Some materials are ): their refractive index depends on their orientation.

  • Page 66: Equipment

    It is placed in front of the camera. The polarizers for both transmittance and reflectance are built into the Spotlight 150, and are automatically switched into the beam when the analyzer is inserted.
  • Page 67 Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 67 Operating the Analyzer 1. Insert the analyzer into the slot in the right side of the front cover (Figure 27). Push the analyzer in with the wheel facing towards you. It has two positions: •...

  • Page 68: Collecting Ir Spectra Using The Infrared Polarizer Accessory

    ) is a measure of the extent of alignment of the nitrile groups and thus of the polymer chains. The Spotlight 150 enables you to collect polarization spectra of very small samples. These include: • Single filaments (typically 14 × 70 µm);...

  • Page 69: Using The Polarizer

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 69 Using the Polarizer 1. Remove the snap-in cover that masks the aperture for the infrared polarizer (Figure 29). 2. Slide the analyzer into the vertical slot on the sample holder that can be seen through this aperture.

  • Page 70: Collecting Spectra With The Atr Objective

    70 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Collecting Spectra With the ATR Objective The ATR (attenuated total reflectance) technique enables the collection of spectra from materials that are too opaque for transmission measurements, and too strongly absorbing for good reflectance measurements. Spectra can be collected with little sample preparation.
  • Page 71 Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 71 Optical path Infrared radiation is directed into the crystal from the front half of the upper cassegrain, and is focused at the sample position. It is reflected once within the crystal, then the totally internally reflected beam is collected by the rear portion of the upper cassegrain, which focuses it on the remote aperture.

  • Page 72: Atr Objective Specification

    72 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide ATR Objective Specification The ATR cassegrain is fitted to the microscope and the ATR crystal holder is supplied separately. ATR crystal materials Germanium (Ge), Silicon (Si), and Diamond Coated Germanium Range of measurement −1 −1...

  • Page 73: Fitting The Atr Crystal Holder To The Microscope

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 73 Fitting the ATR Crystal Holder to the Microscope 1. Switch off the microscope at the electricity supply. 2. Stop any laser radiation from entering the microscope by switching the internal beam of the spectrometer to the internal sample compartment. For further information on how to do this, see the Spectrum software on-screen Help.
  • Page 74 74 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Motor (lowers and retracts the crystal) Crystal holder ATR crystal Knurled thumb-nut assembly Jack plug socket (plug not shown) Figure 32 The Automated ATR Crystal Holder and Cassegrain...

  • Page 75: Measuring The Energy In Reflectance Mode

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 75 Measuring the Energy in Reflectance Mode The following procedure allows you to determine the maximum energy reaching the detector when the ATR crystal is retracted. The value obtained here can be used to check that the Checking the Infrared Alignment crystal is aligned correctly;...

  • Page 76: Adjusting The Height Of The Crystal

    76 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Adjusting the Height of the Crystal To prevent serious damage to the crystal, do not move the Sample Stage while the ATR crystal is in the lower, working position and CAUTION touching or near to the sample.

  • Page 77: Centering The Crystal

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 77 Centering the Crystal 1. Retract the manual ATR crystal using the toggle bar, by lifting the bar then twisting counterclockwise. Click the button to retract the automated ATR crystal. 2. Place a piece of black PVC electrical tape on a microscope slide, and put the slide on the microscope stage.

  • Page 78: Checking The Infrared Alignment

    78 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide 3. Tighten the knurled thumb-nuts. 4. Move the microscope slide to a fresh area of tape. 5. Lower the crystal onto the tape. 6. Retract the crystal. 7. Look through the microscope at the impression of the crystal on the tape. Decide whether the impression is in the center of the field of view.

  • Page 79: Removing The Atr Crystal Holder

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 79 Removing the ATR Crystal Holder To use the microscope for conventional microspectroscopy, you need only retract the ATR crystal from its working position. If, however you need a very large working distance, for example if the sample is recessed, the ATR crystal holder can be removed. 1.

  • Page 80: Fitting A Crystal Assembly To The Atr Objective

    80 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Fitting a Crystal Assembly to the ATR Objective Manual ATR Objective 1. Remove the ATR crystal holder, as described on page 79. 2. Place the crystal holder on a bench, with the crystal upwards.
  • Page 81 Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 81 Alignment groove Figure 38 The Automated ATR Crystal Assembly 6. Slide the crystal assembly into the holder. You will feel it click into place as it comes into contact with a magnet inside the holder. 7.

  • Page 82: Cleaning The Atr Objective Crystal

    82 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Cleaning the ATR Objective Crystal Because the ATR objective crystal is in contact with the sample under test, it may become dirty during use. A dirty crystal may give spectra of the contaminant rather than the sample under test.

  • Page 83: Auto Atr Cleaning Procedure

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 83 Auto ATR Cleaning Procedure If you should see intermittent failures to raise or lower the crystal while running, it is recommended you clean your Auto ATR Accessory to keep it in good working order. Regardless of performance we recommend you clean the accessory at least once every 10,000 cycles or per the schedule below: •...
  • Page 84 84 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide 4. Lay the assembly, crystal up, on a clean work surface. Remove the coned knurled collar to expose the crystal holder. 5. Carefully grab the crystal holder and remove it from the ATR assembly. Set the crystal holder aside and be careful not to damage the crystal.
  • Page 85 Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 85 7. Spray methanol in hole above alignment bearing to flush out any free particles. 8. Insert a methanol moistened swab into the larger gap between the bearing and the retracted plunger and work it all the way around the bore of the bearing. 9.
  • Page 86 86 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide 10. Once all of the methanol has evaporated, it’s time to reassemble the system. Insert the crystal holder into the bore of the bearing being careful to line up the groove with the ball in the crystal holder.
  • Page 87 Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 87 14. Reinstall the Auto ATR accessory in your Spotlight system and perform the crystal alignment and focusing procedure to maximize IR energy. 15. Reset the counter in the Spectrum software on the Setup Microscope Basic tab, click the Reset button to reset the Auto ATR Crystal Up/Down counter.

  • Page 88: Collecting Spectra With The Atr Crystal

    88 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Collecting Spectra with the ATR Crystal Manual ATR Objective Collecting a Background Spectrum To prevent serious damage to the crystal, do not move the sample stage while the ATR crystal is in the lower, working position and touching, or CAUTION near to the sample.

  • Page 89: Automated Atr Objective

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 89 5. Select Monitor from the Measurement menu. The Live tab is displayed. NOTE: Before you collect the sample spectrum, you should monitor the spectrum to make sure that there is good contact between the crystal and the sample. 6.
  • Page 90 90 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide 5. Lower the stage and click OK. The automated ATR crystal will be lowered automatically. The spectrometer starts to scan and the background spectrum is displayed as it is collected. Collecting a Sample Spectrum Once you have collected a background spectrum, follow the procedure below to collect a spectrum of your sample.

  • Page 91: Reflectance Ft-Ir Microspectroscopy

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 91 Reflectance FT-IR Microspectroscopy The Spotlight 150 enables you to collect images and spectra from samples that display any of the three types of reflectance: diffuse reflectance, specular reflectance, or reflection- absorption. Figure 40 Three types of reflectance Figure 40 shows how the incident radiation (I ) is reflected in each type of reflectance.

  • Page 92: Specular Reflectance

    The bottom spectrum more closely matches an absorption spectrum. NOTE: Sample cups for obtaining diffuse reflectance spectra of powders are available from PerkinElmer: regular cup (part number 01862760), micro cup (part number 01862761). Figure 41 Diffuse reflectance spectra of PMMA Specular Reflectance Specular reflectance is reflection in one direction (Figure 40).

  • Page 93: Reflection-Absorption

    Techniques for Collecting Spectra . 93 The greatest limitation to this method is the presence of an interfering diffuse reflection signal. This occurs when the sample surface is not perfectly smooth. The Kramers–Kronig integration is not appropriate for spectra from such samples. Reflection-Absorption Reflection-absorption occurs when the incident radiation passes through a thin, absorbent film that is on a reflective surface (typically a metal) and is then reflected back through the film...

  • Page 94: Maintenance

    Maintenance...

  • Page 95: Maintenance

    This chapter contains a list of the available spare parts and optional equipment for the microscope. If you need to replace a part, use only PerkinElmer approved spare parts. The covers of the microscope must only be removed by a PerkinElmer Service Representative.

  • Page 96: Protecting The Microscope

    96 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Protecting the Microscope The most important rule in caring for the microscope is to keep it as free from dust and dirt as possible. Dust, fingerprints, and smears on the optics reduce the quality of the images it produces.

  • Page 97: Replacing The Microscope Fuse

    Maintenance . 97 Replacing the Microscope Fuse The microscope is not voltage sensitive and will operate at voltages between 100–240 V and at 50–60 Hz. 1. Switch off the microscope and disconnect it from the power supply. 2. Insert a screwdriver into the slot at the side of the fuse drawer; pull out and flip to one side over the mains inlet.

  • Page 98: Service

    Service All optical and mechanical equipment requires periodic servicing to keep it performing properly and to compensate for wear. We recommend that the Spotlight 150 is cleaned, examined, and adjusted periodically by a PerkinElmer Service Representative. NOTE: If you experience unexpected problems with the microscope, contact your...

  • Page 99: Accessories

    Maintenance . 99 Accessories Accessories can be ordered directly from PerkinElmer at https://shop.perkinelmer.com/default.aspx Description Part Number Spare fuse for microscope (2 A time-lag, 250 V) 04970839 Visible Polarizer Kit L1860294 Sampling Accessory Kit L1860250 IR Polarizer Assembly L1860408 Manual ATR Accessory...

  • Page 100: Electrical Connections

    100 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide Electrical Connections Fitting the Plug The power cable for the electrical supply plugs into the back of the microscope. It has a molded connector at one end. If it is necessary to fit a plug on the power cable, use the wire...

  • Page 101: Connecting The Microscope To The Electrical Supply

    Maintenance . 101 Connecting the Microscope to the Electrical Supply The microscope operates on an electrical supply with a frequency of 50 or 60 Hz and at voltages in the range 100 to 240 V without adjustment. Fit the molded connector of the power cable into the inlet at the rear of the microscope. Electrical Supply inlet Figure 44 The location of the electrical supply inlet...

  • Page 102: Appendices

    Appendices...

  • Page 103: Appendix 1: Decontamination And Cleaning

    (Brussels) 0800 90 66 42 (Monza) If you are located outside of these regions, please call your local PerkinElmer sales office for more information. Cleaning the Instrument Exterior surfaces may be cleaned with a soft cloth, dampened with a mild detergent and...

  • Page 104: Appendix 2: Weee Instructions For Perkinelmer Products

    Customer care department in your region. http://las.perkinelmer.com/OneSource/Environmental-directives.htm Products from other manufacturers may also form a part of your PerkinElmer system. These other manufacturers are directly responsible for the collection and processing of their own waste products under the terms of the WEEE Directive. Please contact these manufacturers directly before discarding any of their products.

  • Page 105: Index

    105 . Index Index Accessories Fibers ........... 66 compression cell ......60 Fuse diamond anvil cell ... 49, 51, 53 microscope ......21, 97 illuminator, fiber optic ....49 list ..........99 microtome ......49, 53 Illuminator ........24 pellet press ........ 51 Image collecting ........
  • Page 106 106 . Spotlight 150 User's Guide before using ....... 34 features ........24 Polarization focusing ........39 theory ........64 lifting ......... 19 Power cables ....... 100 operation ........26 Protecting scan parameters ......42 microscope ........ 96 setting up ........38 Purge system ........
  • Page 107 Index. 107 support, large samples ....47 fibers ........66 tungsten probe ......57 laminate structures ....65 tweezers ........47 minerals & crystals ..... 66 window, salt ......48 operation ........67 Transmission measurements ..43 polymer films ......66 theory ........

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