Perkins 4006D-E23TA Operation And Maintenance Manual page 45

M0088207
For these engines minimum cetane number
requirement is 51. Cetane number affect engine cold
start ability, exhaust emissions, combustion noise,
and altitude performance. Fuel with higher Cetane
number is desirable and recommended. This is
particularly important for operations in cold weather
and at high altitude.
Viscosity
Viscosity is the property of a liquid of offering
resistance to shear or flow. Viscosity decreases with
increasing temperature. This decrease in viscosity
follows a logarithmic relationship for normal fossil
fuel. The common reference is to kinematic viscosity.
Kinematic viscosity is the quotient of the dynamic
viscosity that is divided by the density. The
determination of kinematic viscosity is normally by
readings from gravity flow viscometers at standard
temperatures. Refer to "ISO 3104" for the test
method.
The viscosity of the fuel is significant because fuel
serves as a lubricant for the fuel system components.
Fuel must have sufficient viscosity to lubricate the
fuel system in both extremely cold temperatures and
extremely hot temperatures. If the kinematic viscosity
of the fuel is lower than 2 mm
the fuel injection pump. If a fuel with a low viscosity is
used, cooling of the fuel may be required to maintain
2 cSt or greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump.
Fuels with a high viscosity might require fuel heaters
to lower the viscosity to 4.5 cSt at the fuel injection
pump
Density
Density is the mass of the fuel per unit volume at a
specific temperature. This parameter has a direct
influence on engine performance and a direct
influence on emissions. This determines the heat
output from a given injected volume of fuel. This is
quoted in the following kg/m
Perkins recommends a value of density 820 to 845
kg/m 3 to obtain the correct power output. Lighter fuels
are acceptable but these fuels will not produce the
rated power.
Sulfur
The level of sulfur is governed by emissions
legislations. Regional regulation, national
regulations, or international regulations can require a
fuel with a specific sulfur limit. The sulphur content of
the fuel and the fuel quality must comply with all
existing local regulations for emissions.
In India fuel meeting sulphur limits of Bharat stage 3
and Bharat stage 4 specifications must be used in
these engine models.
Bharat stage 3 regulations require use of low sulphur
diesel fuel with less than 0.035 percent (350 PPM)
(mg/kg)) sulphur content.
2
/sec that is delivered to
3 at 15 °C (59 °F).
Bharat stage 4 regulations require use of low sulphur
diesel fuel with less than 0.050 percent (50 PPM)
(mg/kg)) sulphur content.
The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed wear
scar diameter of 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) as per "ISO
12156-1". Refer to "Lubricity" for more information.
Fuels with sulphur content higher than 0.035 percent
(350 PPM) can be only used where allowed by
legislation. High sulfur fuel will have a negative
impact on emissions of particulates. High sulfur fuels
also increase potential for corrosion and wear of
internal component and may significantly shorten the
oil change interval.
Lubricity
This is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump
wear. The lubricity of the fluid describes the ability of
the fluid to reduce the friction between surfaces that
are under load. This ability reduces the damage that
is caused by friction. Fuel injection systems relay on
the lubricating properties of the fuel. Until fuel sulphur
limits were mandated, the lubricity of the fuel was
believed to be a function of fuel viscosity.
The lubricity has particular significance to the current
low viscosity fuel, low sulfur fuel, and low aromatic
fossil fuel. These fuels are made to meet stringent
exhaust emissions. The lubricity of these fuels must
not exceed wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm
(0.01811 inch). The fuel lubricity test must be
performed on an HFRR, operated at 60° C (140° F).
Refer to "ISO 12156-1".
NOTICE
The fuels system has been qualified with fuel having
lubricity up to 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) wear scar di-
ameter as tested by "ISO 12156-1". Fuel with higher
wear scar diameter than 0.46 mm (0.01811 inch) will
lead to reduced service life and premature failure of
the fuel system.
In case of the fuels which do not meet specified
lubricity requirement appropriate lubricity additive can
be used to enhance the lubricity of the fuel. Contact
your fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel
additives are required. Your fuel supplier can make
recommendations for additives to use and for the
proper level of treatment.
45
Maintenance Section
General Fuel Information