Brookfield DV3T Operating Instructions Manual
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Brookfield DV3T Operating Instructions Manual

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BROOKFIELD DV3T
Viscometer

Operating Instructions

Manual No. M13-2100-A0415
Boston • Chicago • London • Stuttgart • Guangzhou
with offices in:
BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC.
11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA
T
508-946-6200
800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA)
or
EL
F
508-946-6262
I
AX
NTERNET
SPECIALISTS IN THE
MEASUREMENT AND
CONTROL OF VISCOSITY
http://www .brookfieldengineering.com

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Summary of Contents for Brookfield DV3T

  • Page 1: Operating Instructions

    Manual No. M13-2100-A0415 SPECIALISTS IN THE MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF VISCOSITY Boston • Chicago • London • Stuttgart • Guangzhou with offices in: BROOKFIELD ENGINEERING LABORATORIES, INC. 11 Commerce Boulevard, Middleboro, MA 02346 USA 508-946-6200 800-628-8139 (USA excluding MA) 508-946-6262 http://www .brookfieldengineering.com...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ....................5 I.1 Components ..........................6 I.2 Utilities ............................8 I.3 Specifications ..........................8 I.4 Installation ..........................9 I.5 Safety Symbols and Precautions ....................11 I.6 Key Functions ..........................11 I.7 Cleaning ...........................12 II. GETTING STARTED ..................13 II.1 Power Up ..........................13 II.2 AutoZero ..........................13 II.3 Status Bar ..........................14 II.4 Navigation ..........................15 II.5 Home Screen ..........................16 II.5.1 Configure Viscosity Test ....................16 II.5.2 Configure Yield Test ....................18 II.5.3 Load Test ........................21 II.5.4 View Results ......................21...
  • Page 4 Viscosity Ranges .....................94 Appendix C: Variables in Viscosity Measurement ...............98 Appendix D: Spindle Entry Codes and SMC/SRC Values ............100 Appendix E: Spindle Entry Codes and Range Coefficients ............103 Appendix F: Calibration Procedures ..................105 Appendix G: The Brookfield Guardleg ..................112 Appendix H: Speed Selection .....................114 Appendix I: Laboratory Stand ....................115 Appendix J: DVE-50A Probe Clip .....................118 Appendix K: Screen Protector ....................119 Appendix L: Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting..............121...

  • Page 5: Introduction

    Section V: PG Flash Software] • The Brookfield RheocalcT Software will perform all control and data collection functions of the DV3T from the PC while also providing a platform for advanced data collection and analysis. In any of these modes of control, the DV3T will provide the best in viscosity measurement and control. The principal of operation of the DV3T is to drive a spindle (which is immersed in the test fluid) through a calibrated spring. The viscous drag of the fluid against the spindle is measured by the spring deflection. Spring deflection is measured with a rotary transducer. The measurement range of a DV3T (in centipoise or milliPascal • seconds) is determined by the rotational speed of the spindle, the size and shape of the spindle, the container the spindle is rotating in, and the full scale torque of the calibrated spring. There are four basic spring torque series offered by Brookfield: Spring Torque Model dyne•cm...

  • Page 6: Components

    RTD Temperature Probe DVP-94Y Guard Leg † DV3TLV B-20Y or B-20KY † DV3TRV B-21Y or B-21KY Carrying Case DVE-7Y PG Flash Software CD ProgA RheocalcT Software GV-3003 ø USB Flash Drive GV-1044 Screen Cloth w/case GV-1045 Stylus GV-1043 Operating Manual M13-167 Shipping Cap Screen Protector GV-1020 Not supplied with Cone/Plate version. “K” in the part number identifies EZ-Lock Spindles and Guardlegs † Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 6 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 7 Guard Leg LV Spindle Set shown above Leveling Screw Cone/Plate Option Temperature Probe Wrench Temperature Probe Clip Toggle Switch for Electronic Gap Tension Bar Cone Spindle Sample Cup Temperature Probe Figure I-1 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 7 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 8: Utilities

    ±1.0% of full scale range Viscosity Accuracy: The use of accessory items will have an effect on the measurement accuracy. See Appendix B. ±0.2% of Full Scale Range Viscosity Repeatability: ±1°C | -100°C to +149°C Temperature Accuracy: ±2°C | +150°C to +300°C 0°C to 40°C temperature range (32°F to 104°F) Operating Environment: 20% - 80%R.H.: non-condensing atmosphere Ball Bearing Option: If you ordered the ball bearing suspension system with your new instrument, please note the following: 1) The ball bearing suspension in your Brookfield instrument is noted on the serial tag on the back of the head by the letter “B” in the part number (the ninth digit; for example: XDV3THBTB00U00. 2) When attaching and detaching the spindle, it is not necessary to lift the coupling where the spindle connects to the instrument. 3) The Oscillation Check, explained in Section IV.1: Device Setup, does not pertain to this instrument. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 8 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 9: Installation

    Note: “IQ, OQ, PQ”, an abbreviated guideline document for installation, operation and performance validation for your DV3T digital rheometer, can be downloaded from our website www.brookfieldengineering.com. A more detailed IQ, OQ, PQ procedure is available for purchase from Brookfield or your authorized dealer. 1. Assemble the Model G Laboratory Stand (refer to assembly instructions in Appendix I). 2. Put the rheometer on the stand. 3. Connect the RTD probe to the socket on the rear panel of the DV3T. 4. The rheometer must be leveled. The level is adjusted using the two leveling screws on the base. Adjust so that the bubble level on the front of the DV3T is centered within the circle. Note: Check level periodically during use. 5. Remove the shipping cap which secures the coupling nut on the rheometer to the pivot cup. For Cone/Plate Models, hold the Sample Cup and swing the tension bar away from the bottom of the cup. Lower the cup and remove the foam insert. (Save for future shipments.) 6. Optional: Install the screen protector per the instructions on the package (and also shown in Appendix K). Failure to properly install the screen protector may result in touch screen malfunction. Additional installation help can also be found on our YouTube channel: www.youtube.com/user/BrookfieldEng The AC input voltage and frequency must be within the appropriate range as shown on the nameplate of the viscometer (see Section I.2) Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 9 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 10 Note: The DV3T must be earth grounded to ensure against electronic failure!! 8. Turn the power switch to the ON position and allow the rheometer to warm up for 10 minutes before performing autozero. 9. For Cone/Plate models, refer to Appendix A. 10. If appropriate, connect USB cable (DVP-202) to USB port for connection of DV3T to PC or printer. 11. Review Read Me file. The Read Me file contains notes on the DV2T Firmware. This file can be found on the CD that contains the PG Flash Software. Temperature Probe Temperature Controller USB B USB A Ethernet Power Input (Future Use) On/Off Switch Figure I-2 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 10 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 11: Safety Symbols And Precautions

    Refer to the manual for specific warning or caution information to avoid personal injury or damage to the instrument. Precautions If this instrument is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the instrument may be impaired. This instrument is not intended for use in a potentially hazardous environment. In case of emergency, turn off the instrument and then disconnect the electrical cord from the wall outlet. The user should ensure that the substances placed under test do not release poisonous, toxic or flammable gases at the temperatures which they are subjected to during the testing. I.6 Key Functions The DV3T Rheometer utilizes a touch screen display and interface. The user will provide all input to the rheometer through the touch screen. Figure I-3 details the different types of information and actions available. Status Bar Title Bar Test Name Data Fields More/Less Bar Command Keys Figure I-3 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 11 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 12: Cleaning

    Clean with a dry, non-abrasive cloth. Do not use solvents or cleaners. The instrument housing is manufactured from polycarbonate ABS. Clean instrument housing with mild soap and water. Do not apply solvent to the instrument! Immersed Components (spindles): Spindles are made of stainless steel. Clean with a non- abrasive cloth and solvent appropriate for sample material. When cleaning, do not apply excessive force, which may result in bending spindles. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 12 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 13: Getting Started

    II. GETTING STARTED II.1 Power Up The DV3T will go through a Power Up sequence when the power is turned on. The Rheometer will issue a beep, present a blue screen, and finally show the DV3T About screen for 5 seconds. The About screen is shown below and includes several critical parameters about the rheometer including; rheometer torque (LV, RV, HA, HB, or other), firmware version number, model number (DV3TLV for example) and the serial number. Figure II-1 The About screen can also be accessed through the Settings Menu (see Section V.1). The DV3T Rheometer will automatically transition from the About screen to the AutoZero screen. TIP: When contacting Brookfield or your authorized Brookfield dealer for technical support or repair services, please record the information on the About screen and include this detail in your email. II.2 AutoZero The DV3T Rheometer must perform an AutoZero prior to making viscosity measurements. This process sets the zero reading for the measurement system. The AutoZero will be performed every time the instrument is turned on. Additionally, you may perform an AutoZero at any time through the Settings Menu (see Section V.1). The AutoZero screen will be presented automatically, after the About screen, during a power up. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 13 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 14: Ii.3 Status Bar

    This status bar will indicate: time of day, date, and connection status for a variety of connection devices. The status icons are defined as: USB Icon 1,2,3: The DV3T Rheometer can store data and tests to USB storage device (USB B) such as a USB Flash Drive. There are three USB ports. These ports are represented as 1, 2 and 3 based on the order of connection. Printer Icon: The DV3T Rheometer can communicate to a label printer for printing test results (see Section II.8). Computer Icon: The DV3T Rheometer can communicate with a computer through the USB A port. Communication is supported with Brookfield RheocalcT software. Bath Icon: The DV3T Rheometer can communicate with a Brookfield Thermosel (HT-106 Controller) or Temperature Bath (SD or AP Controllers) to control sample temperature. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 14 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 15: Ii.4 Navigation

    II.4 Navigation The DV3T Rheometer uses a touch screen display. Navigation of the instrument features is done using a variety of Data Fields, Arrows, Command Keys and Navigation Icons. The operating system has been designed for intuitive operation and employs color to assist the user in identifying options. Data Fields require that the user touch the screen to initiate the data entry / selection process. These fields are normally outlined in black. They may also include a blue arrow. Blue Arrows indicate that options exist for a Data Field. The user may be required to press anywhere in the Data Field or they may have to press the Blue Arrow specifically. Command Keys are buttons which direct the DV3T to perform a specific action such as SAVE a data set or STOP a program. Command Keys are presented in a variety of colors. These keys are normally found at the bottom of the screen. Navigation Icons are normally found in the Title Bar to the left and right. These buttons will take you to specific areas of the operating system. Navigation Icons are shown below. Perform data entry from a scroll Home Menu list Log In (will only be available if...

  • Page 16: Ii.5 Home Screen

    Figure II-3 Configure Viscosity Test: Create and Run viscosity tests. Configure Yield Test: Create and Run yield tests. Load Test: Load a test that has previously been saved or created with PG Flash software. Tests may be loaded from internal memory or a USB Flash Drive. View Results: Load Results (saved test data) that have previously been saved. Results may be loaded from internal memory or a USB Flash Drive. Manage Files: Manage the file system in the internal memory or on a USB Flash Drive for test programs and saved data. Create new folder structures, delete files, rename files and move files. External Mode: Direct the DV3T to communicate with Brookfield RheocalcT Software for complete rheometer control. Each of the Main Menu items are detailed in the following sections of the manual. II.5.1 Configure Viscosity Test Viscosity measurements are made on the DV3T Rheometer through the Configure Viscosity Test function. The user is presented with Configure Viscosity Test at the conclusion of the AutoZero function or by selection on the Home Menu All elements related to the measurement of viscosity are selected within Configure Viscosity Test. Tests that are created can be saved to the internal memory of the DV3T Rheometer or onto...
  • Page 17 The More/Less bar is seen just below the test parameters. In Figure II-4, this bar includes a down arrow, which indicates that more information is available. Figure II-5 shows the additional information that can be accessed. The More/Less bar , in this view, now has an up arrow indicating that the additional information can be hidden. Status Bar Title Bar Data Fields More/Less Bar Command Keys Figure II-5 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 17 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 18: Ii.5.2 Configure Yield Test

    Specify the amount of data to be collected during the test. Instructions: Create a message that the user will see when the test begins. Reports: Define how the data will be viewed when the test is complete. QC Limits: Define the limits for acceptable measurement data. Density: Define the density of the test sample. This information will be used when kinematic viscosity units are selected for display (see Section V.4.2) II.5.2 Configure Yield Test Yield measurements are made on the DV3T Rheometer through the Configure Yield Test function. The user can select Configure Yield Test from the Home Menu Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 18 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 19 The More/Less bar is seen just below the test parameters. In Figure II-6, the bar includes a down arrow, which indicates that more information is available. Figure II-7 shows the additional information that can be accessed. The More/Less bar in this view now has an up arrow indicating that the additional information can be hidden. Status Bar Title Bar Test Name Data Fields More/Less Bar Command Keys Figure II-7 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 19 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 20 Zero Speed: Specify the speed of rotation used to return the %Torque reading to zero before starting the yield measurement. Wait Time: Specify the duration of a rest period prior to starting the yield test. Run Speed: Specify the speed of the yield test. Torque Reduction: Specify the end point of the test. Normally set to 100%. Temperature: A live signal from the rheometer when a temperature probe is attached (Brookfield Part No. DVP-94Y). Also shown is the set point used to control the attached temperature controller (Brookfield Thermosel or TC-XX0SD / TC-XX0AP Temperature Baths). Yield Limit: Define the limits for acceptable measurement data. Instructions: Create a message that the user will see when the test begins. Save Path: Define the memory location where the data will be saved. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.

  • Page 21: Ii.5.3 Load Test

    USB Flash Drive. II.5.4 View Results Test results (data files) can be saved to the internal memory of the DV3T or to a USB Flash Drive. Theses files can be reloaded into the DV3T for review, analysis, or printing through the View Results function. A file of Test Results that is saved onto a USB Flash Drive can be viewed on any DV3T Rheometer. Within the View Results function, the user can access the internal memory of the DV3T Rheometer or any USB Flash Drive that is connected to a USB port . The rheometer will point to the USB Flash Drive according to the order in which it is connected. The first USB Flash Drive that is connected will be referred to as #1 on both the View Results screen and the Status Bar. You can have as many as three USB Flash Drives connected to the DV3T at any time. Results files that are displayed on the screen can be sorted by date of creation or by alpha/numeric. This sorting is selected by pressing the Navigation Icon or TIP: You can use the Manage Files function to move Results files from internal memory to a USB Flash Drive. II.5.5 Manage Files Result Files and Test Files can be managed in the internal memory or on USB Flash Drives from the Manage Files function. Folder structures can be added or changed to assist with data management. Files may be copied, moved, renamed or deleted. Access to this function can be limited when User ID and Log In functions are implemented (see Section V.4.2). Files that are displayed on the screen can be sorted by date of creation or by alpha/numeric. This sorting is selected by pressing the Navigation Icon or Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 21 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 22: Ii.5.6 External Mode

    External Mode The DV3T Rheometer can be controlled from a computer through the use of optional Brookfield Software RheocalcT. The rheometer must be placed into external control mode from the Main Menu . The rheometer must be connected to the computer with a USB A cable (DVP-202). TIP: The Status Bar will indicate a proper connection to the computer by displaying the Computer Icon The DV3T will display External Mode when configured for operation with the computer. This display includes a Return button that will reset the rheometer to stand alone operation. II.6 Range The DV3T Rheometer will calculate the measurement range for a specific spindle and speed combination. This information is displayed on the screen while selecting the spindle number as shown in Figure II-6. The Range is also shown in the Running Viscosity Test view during the measurement. Viscosity will be displayed in the unit of measure specified in Settings and is set to centipoise (cP) from the factory. Range Figure II-6 TIP: The Range value is the same as the AutoRange available on earlier Brookfield rheometer models. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.

  • Page 23: Ii.7 Out Of Range

    II.7 Out of Range The DV3T Rheometer will give on screen indications when the measurement is out of range of the instrument. When the %Torque reading exceeds 100% (over range), the display of %Torque, Viscosity, and Shear Stress will be EEEE (see Figure II-7). If the %Torque value is between 0 - 9.9%, the data field label will flash. When the %Torque is below zero (negative values), the display of Viscosity and Shear Stress will be ----. TIP: Brookfield recommends collecting data only when the %Torque reading is between 10 - 100%. Figure II-7 Measurement data should not be collected when the %Torque reading is out of range. The out of range condition can be resolved by either changing the speed (reduce speed when reading is out of range: high) or changing the spindle (increase the spindle size when the reading is out of range: low). TIP: When comparing data, the test method is critical. Be sure that you know the proper spindle and speed required for the test method. If readings are out of range, this condition should be reported as the test result. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 23 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 24: Ii.8 Printing

    II.8 Printing The DV3T Rheometer can communicate to a Dymo Label Writer 450 Turbo label printer. This printer can be purchased from Brookfield (Part No. GV-1046). The communication to the printer is by USB (cable provided with the printer). When the printer is connected to the DV3T, the printer icon will be visible in the status bar. There is no provision at this time to have other drivers for other printers work with the DV3T. The DV3T Rheometer can configure the print out for several formats of paper/labels. These various paper/label stocks are available from Brookfield. GV-1048 ADDRESS LABEL 1.13 X 3.5IN. 350 P/ROLL GV-1049 SHIPPING LABEL 2.31 X 4IN. 300 P/ROLL) GV-1047 CONTINUOUS PAPER 2.25IN. WD. X 300FT. LG Figure II-8 Printer formats are detailed below: Data Label (Small) Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 24 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 25 Data Label (Large) TIP: When printing to a label, if the data set includes more than one point, only the last point will be printed. Data Continuous Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 25 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 26: Making Viscosity Measurements

    G) When you are ready to record the measurement result, press the Stop Test button. The screen will change to the Results Table. H) Record the % torque and viscosity. To run another test, press Configure Test. To return to the Home Screen, press the Home Icon. III.2 Preparations for Making Measurements A) RHEOMETER: The DV3T should be turned on, leveled and autozeroed. The level is adjusted using the two feet on the bottom of the base and confirmed using the bubble level on the front of the head. Adjust the feet until the bubble is inside the center target. Set the level prior to autozero and check the level prior to each measurement. The proper level is essential for correct operation of the DV3T. B) SAMPLE: The fluid to be measured (sample) must be in a container. The standard spindles supplied with the DV3T [LV (1-4), RV (2-7), or HA/HB (2-7)] are designed to be used with a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker (or equivalent container with a diameter of 8.25 cm). The same applies to the optional RV1, HA/HB1, and Vane spindles. Many other spindle systems are supplied from Brookfield with specific sample chambers such as the Small Sample Adapter, UL Adapter and Thermosel. Brookfield recommends that you use the appropriate container for the selected spindle. You may choose to use an alternate container for convenience, however, this may have an effect on the measured viscosity. The DV3T is calibrated considering the specified container. Alternate containers will provide results that are repeatable but may not be “true”.

  • Page 27: Iii.3 Programming

    Many samples must be controlled to a specific temperature for viscosity measurement. When conditioning a sample for temperature, be sure to temperature control the container and spindle as well as the sample. Please see our publication, “More Solutions to Sticky Problems”, for more detail relating to sample preparation. III.3 Programming The DV3T Rheometer provides a powerful programming capability for data collection. The interface in Configure Viscosity Test allows for control of all instrument parameters including Spindle, Speed, Temperature (optional), End Condition, Data Collection, Instructions, Reports, Density, and QC Limits (described in the next sections of this chapter). Any collection of these parameters is considered a Test Step. The DV3T allows you to create multiple steps to better evaluate your sample material. Several parameters are only active in the first step including Spindle and Instructions. Multiple steps in a Test can be useful to evaluate the rheology of a sample or to simply aid in data collection. A multi step Test that has a change in speed in each step can show Newtonian or non Newtonian flow behavior. A first step with No Data can be useful when pre shearing is required. A step with No Data can be useful when a temperature change is effected and some time is required for thermal equilibrium. The Configure Viscosity Test screen (see Figure III-1) includes several tools for creating Tests with multiple steps. Figure III-1 Use the to add a new step at the end of the Navigation / Add: Test. Use the to navigate to previous steps. Delete: Delete the current step. Insert: Insert a new step after the current step. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 27 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 28: Iii.4 Selecting A Spindle/Speed

    The pre shear is conducted at 200 rpm for one minute and no data is collected. The second step generates a single data point. Three Step Test: Figure III-2c: Step 3 Figure III-2a: Step 1 Figure III-2b: Step 2 Two Step Test: Figure III-3a: Step 1 Figure III-3b: Step 2 III.4 Selecting a Spindle/Speed The DV3T has the capability of measuring viscosity over an extremely wide range. For example, the DV3TRV can measure fluids within the range of 100-40,000,000 cP. This range is achieved through the use of several spindles over many speeds. See Appendix B for details. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 28 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 29 Figure III-5. Insert the EZ-Lock Spindle Coupling so that the bottom of the coupling is flush with the bottom of the shaft, and lower the sleeve. The sleeve should easily slide back down to hold the spindle/coupling assembly in place for use. [Spindles can be identified by entry code; look for the number on the side of the EZ-Lock spindle coupling.] The motor should be OFF whenever spindles are being removed or attached. Note: Keep the EZ-Lock Spindle Coupling and outer sleeve as clean as possible and free from debris that could become lodged Figure III-5 inside the adapter. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 29 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 30: Iii.5 Temperature Control

    III.5 Temperature Control The DV3T Rheometer provides the ability to control the temperature of a connected Brookfield temperature control device such as the Thermosel (HT-106 controller) and water baths with SD or AP controllers (for example: TC-550SD). The Thermosel or water bath can then be used to control the temperature of the sample under test. The DV3T connects to the temperature control device through a dedicated communication cable. The Thermosel requires cable DVP-141. The water baths require cable DVP-207. These cables are available from Brookfield. When configured for control of a temperature control device, the DV3T may have two temperature inputs; 1) the temperature probe supplied with the DV3T (DVP-94Y, CPA-44PYZ, or SC4-13RPY) and 2) the temperature probe supplied with the temperature control device (water bath or T hermosel). Only one temperature probe can be used for display of live temperature, control, and data collection. Select the probe to be used in the Temperature menu (see Figure III-6). TIP: Embedded temperature probes used with the Cone/Plate and Small Sample Adapter can be used for set point control of a water bath. Making this selection can improve the temperature control of the sample by off setting the temperature bath to account for any heat loss in the tubing or water jacket. To use the embedded temperature probe, select Probe in the Temperature menu. Temperature control must be initiated each time the DV3T is powered on. Be sure that the temperature control device is powered on prior to initiating communication. Chose Device Setup in the Settings menu. Chose Temperature and you will be presented with the Temperature menu (see Figure III-6). Temperature Offset is described in Section IV.1. Figure III-6 Select Temperature Controller and you will be presented with the Default Temperature menu (see Figure III-7). This menu allows the user to 1) initiate communication with the temperature controller and 2) set a default temperature. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 30 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 31: Iii.6 Multiple Data Points

    The Default Temperature is the temperature value that the control device will return to at the conclusion of a Test. This value is set only if the check box is checked. When the check box is unchecked, the temperature controller will hold at the last set point used in the Test. TIP: When a test involves several temperature set points, set the Default Temperature to the first set point used in the Test. This will reduce the transition time from one Test run to the next Test run. Note that temperature controllers can also be controlled through the Rheocalc T software when they are connected to the computer using the proper cable. The Thermosel requires the HT-106 cable (RS-232), available from Brookfield. The water bath requires the 225-173 cable (RS-232), which comes with the bath. III.6 Multiple Data Points The majority of viscosity and yield stress measurements are made at the quality control level and often consist of a single data point. The test is conducted with one spindle at one speed. The data point is a useful bench mark for the go/no-go decision in a production setting. The DV3T can be used for single point measurement. Many fluids exhibit a characteristic change in viscosity and yield stress with a change in applied force. This non-Newtonian flow behavior is commonly seen in paints, coatings and food products as a decrease in viscosity as shear rate increases or an increase in yield stress as a rotational speed increases. This behavior cannot be detected or evaluated with the single point measurement. Non-Newtonian flow is analyzed through the collection of viscosity data over a range of shear rates and the generation of a graph of viscosity versus shear rate (a rheogram). This information will Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 31 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 32: Iii.7 Selecting Data Collection

    Figure III-8 Figure III-9 Single Point: Collect only a single data point when the End Condition is met. Single Point Averaging: Specify an amount of time over which to average measured data. Collect a single data point when the End Condition is met. This data point is an averaged value. If the time for averaging is shorter than the total time for the step, then the average will be performed for the specified time at the end of the test. Example 1: The End Condition is Time with a value of 1 minute and 30 seconds, the Single Point Averaging Duration is 30 seconds, the single data point collected from this step will be an average of the data measured from 1 minute to 1 minute 30 seconds. Multi Point: Collect multiple data points based on time. The Data Interval is specified in Hours:Mins:Secs. If the End Condition is set to Time, then the total number of Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 32 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 33 Example 5: End Condition is Time = 2 minutes, Multi Point Data Interval is 10 seconds. Averaging Duration is 5 seconds. Total points collected will be 12 with the last data point taken in the last second of the step. Each data point will be an average of the data measured in the last 5 seconds of each Data Interval. Example 6: End Condition is set to Viscosity = 200 cP, Multi Point Data Interval is 10 seconds. Averaging Duration is 5 seconds. During the test, the total time required to reach 200 cP is 63 seconds. Total points collected will be 6 with the last data point taken at 60 seconds, 3 seconds before the test is finished. Each data point will be an average of the data measured in the last 5 seconds of each Data Interval. Example 7: End Condition is set to Viscosity = 200 cP, Multi Point Data Interval is 10 seconds. Averaging Duration is 5 seconds. Check the check box to Also Collect Single Point at Step End. During the test, the total time required to reach 200 cP is 65 seconds. Total points collected will be 7 with the last data point taken at 65 seconds, an average of the 5 seconds after point #6. Example 8: End Condition is set to Viscosity = 200 cP, Multi Point Data Interval is 1 minute. Averaging Duration is 20 seconds. Check the check box to Also Collect Single Point at Step End. During the test, the total time required to reach 200 cP is 10 minutes 40 seconds. Total points collected will be 11 with the last data point taken at 10 minutes 40 seconds, an average of the last 20 seconds of the step. No Data: End Condition is met and no data is collected. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 33 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 34: Iii.8 End Condition

    Within the End Condition screen, the currently selected End Condition parameter and values are displayed. The End Condition can be changed by pressing the blue down arrow within the parameter field. Six End Conditions are available: Time, # of Points, # of Revolutions, Torque, Viscosity, Temperature (see Figure III-10). Figure III-10 Time: The test will complete when the specified amount of time has elapsed. Time is entered in Hours, Minutes, and Seconds. Hours: 0-99 Minutes: 0-59 Seconds: 0-59 A time of zero hours, minutes and seconds may be selected. With this End Condition, the DV3T will operate at the selected speed until the operator selects Stop Test. Data will be collected according to the Data Collection setting (see Section III.7). TIP: An End Condition of zero Time can be useful when measuring a new material. During the test, the speed can be changed without ending and then rerunning the test (see Section III.10). This method can allow you to quickly evaluate the spindle selection to determine the best speeds for testing. # of Points: The test will complete when the specified number of data points has been collected. Data is collected according to the Data Collection setting (see Section III.6). The range of data points is: 1 – 9,999. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 34 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 35: Iii.9 Additional Test Parameters

    TIP: Consider using a larger Tolerance value for the End Condition and then use a second step for thermal equilibrium (End Condition Time). This two step method can reduce the variability in test time caused by variations in temperature sensors. III.9 Additional Test Parameters The Configure Viscosity Test screen includes a More/Less Bar. When pressed, the More Bar will present several additional Test Parameters including: QC Limits, Instructions, Reports, and Density. These parameters are always available and active regardless of the position of the More / Less Bar. QC Limits: Select an acceptable range for measurement results. The range may be defined by Viscosity, Torque, Time, Temperature, or Shear Stress. The possible range for Viscosity and Shear Stress will be defined by the spindle and speed selected. QC Limits are a visual and audible signal to the operator during the test. The data set does not include an indication of QC Limits violation. A violation of the QC Limits during the test will be indicated by a flashing yellow box around the display for the specified parameter. Note that Time does not have a dedicated display. A violation will also result in an audible beep and a one time warning message (see Figure III-11). Data will continue to be collected while the warning message is displayed. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 35 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 36 Figure III-11 When Viscosity or Torque are the selected QC Limits parameter, QC Limits will be shown during the test on the Real Time Graph if that parameter is selected for display (see Figure III-12). The QC Limits are represented by the dashed lines. TIP: Audible alarms may be turned off in the User Settings TIP: An indication of a QC Limit violation is not part of the data set. The user can record a violation by using the Notes available when viewing test Results (see Section III.11). Trend Bar Figure III-12 Instructions: Record specific instructions to the operator. This information will be presented immediately when the program is Run (see Figure III-13). The operator is required to acknowledge the message before the program will continue. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 36 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 37 Graph, Table, Math Model, or an Average of collected data points. Once in the Results section, the down arrow can be used to change the view. Post Test Averaging can be specified as either Test Averaging or Step Averaging. Test Averaging allows you to select which step from the program (created with PG Flash) is to be averaged and displayed. Step Averaging is used when there is a single test step. See Section III.10 for more detail relating to Data Averaging. The data path for saving data can be preselected as part of the test report. TIP: Selecting a data path can help to organize data storage in the internal memory of DV3T. By preselecting the data path, operators are directed to put data from specific tests into specific areas. TIP: If you select a data path that includes a USB Flash Drive location and the USB Flash Drive has been removed, an error message will be displayed. Density: Input a density value for the sample to be tested. This value will be used to calculate viscosity when kinematic viscosity units have been chosen for display (see Section V.4.2). Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 37 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 38: Iii.10 Running A Test

    Measurement Data Real Time Graph Command Keys Figure III-14 The Running Viscosity Test screen provides information on the current measurement including: Torque, Viscosity, Shear Stress, Shear Rate, Temperature and Speed. Torque is the deflection of the Rheometer torque sensor. It is described as a percent (%) and has a range of 0 – 100%. The DV3T will provide measurement results within the stated accuracy provided the Torque reading is between 10 and 100%. If the Torque reading falls below 10% the labels in the data fields will flash to indicate an error condition. Brookfield does not recommend that data be collected below 10% Torque; however, data collection is not restricted. TIP: Torque on the DV3T is equivalent to the dial reading from the Brookfield Dial Reading Viscometer or the % reading from Brookfield Digital Viscometers (DV-E, DV-I, DV-II, DV-III). Viscosity is calculated from the measured Torque based on the selected spindle and speed of rotation. The units of viscosity are defined in the Global Settings section of the Settings Menu . If the Torque reading falls below 10%, the labels in the data fields will flash to indicate an error condition. Shear Stress is calculated from the measured Torque based on the selected spindle. The units of shear stress are defined in the Global Settings section of the Settings Menu . If the Torque reading falls below 10%, the labels in the data fields will flash to indicate an error condition. TIP: Shear Stress will be displayed as zero for spindles that do not have SRC values. Shear Rate is calculated from the selected speed based on the selected spindle.
  • Page 39 Two Command Keys are available on the Running Viscosity Test screen: Stop Test and View Test. Stop Test: Immediately stops the current test. The user will be presented with a confirmation box. The test will continue to run until Yes is selected in the Confirmation box. If any data had been collected during the test, the user will be presented with the Results screen (see Section III.11). If data was not collected, the user will be returned to the Configure Viscosity Test screen. TIP: If the operator selects “Do not show this message again” within the Confirmation box, then the Confirmation box will no longer be displayed when Stop Test is pressed. This condition can be reset in the Display section of User Settings View Test: Change the view from measurement to test parameters including: Spindle, Speed, Temperature, End Condition, Data Collection, QC Limits, Instructions, and Density. The View Test screen includes a live display of Torque and a Time parameter that shows the total elapsed time for the test (see Figure III-15). Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 39 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 40: Iii.11 Results

    Figure III-15 The More/Less Bar can be used to reduce the number of parameters shown in the display. The Speed parameter is active in this view. The operator can change the speed of test without returning to the Configure Viscosity Test screen. TIP: If the speed is changed during the execution of a saved test, then the test status will be changed to “Unsaved Test”. This will also be reflected if the collected data is saved. View Test includes the Stop Test command key and a Back Arrow navigation key. The Back Arrow is used to return the display to the Running Viscosity Test view. III.11 Results Measurement data is viewed in the Results screen. This screen is presented at the conclusion of a test or when data is loaded through the View Results selection from the Home Menu. The DV3T utilizes a comprehensive data format. Data files include the complete set of measurement results and calculated values along with the test protocol. All elements of the test can be viewed in the Results screen. The DV3T Rheometer allows for 5000 total data points per file. When viewing large data files, additional time is required when moving from the various Results options listed below. There may be some delay on the screen while the DV3T prepares the data. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 40 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 41 The Results screen includes several Navigation Icons and Command Keys. Home: Return to the Home Menu. Down Arrow: Select Results Options. Blue Arrow: Select Page of Results Table. Print: Print Data to USB printer. Save: Save data. Configure Test: Return to Configure Viscosity Test screen. Scroll Bar: Move up/down through a page of data. The Results screen offers several options for viewing test data. These options are accessed via the Down Arrow in the Navigation Bar at the top of the screen (see Figure III-16). Figure III-16 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 41 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 42 Each data point includes: Viscosity, Torque, Speed, Temperature, Time, Shear Stress (SS), Shear Rate (SR), Density, and Accuracy. Post Test Averaging : A verage and Standard Deviation are calculated for measured and calculated parameters including: Viscosity, Torque, Shear Stress, and Temperature. Post Test Averaging is calculated regardless of the Data Collection setting. If Data Collection was set to Multipoint Averaging, then the Post Test Averaging will calculate an average of the averaged data. When using multiple step programs, the test step utilized for Post Test Averaging is specified in the Report setting (see Section III.9). Test Used: Display the test elements used to generate the data set. In this view, the Configure Test button is available. Selecting Configure Test will program the DV3T to run the same test utilized to collect the data set being viewed and present the Configure Viscosity Test screen. Notes: Document any relevant information about the test or data. This information will be stored with the data set once saved. Compare Results: Load two data sets and view side by side. Figure III-17 Device Info: Display basic information about the data file and the specific DV3T Rheometer used to collect the data including: date and time the test started, completed and was saved; if user accounts are active, which user saved the data; rheometer serial number, firmware version, rheometer Torque range (LV, RV, HA, HB, other). Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 42 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 43 TIP: Some spindle selections do not allow for the calculation of shear stress and shear rate. Shear Stress and Shear rate will be represented as zero for all data points for this type of spindle. TIP: If the temperature probe is not connected to the DV3T, then the temperature field will not contain any data. The Graph will not display temperature under this condition. The Graph can be printed if there is an attached printer. The buttons at the bottom of the graph are for zooming in, zooming out, and resetting. Figure III-18 Math Model: Analyze collected data through several defined equations. The selected math model will default to the selection from the Report section of the Test. You can change the selected model by pressing the blue drop down arrow. Math Models available on the DV3T Rheometer include Bingham, Casson, NCA/CMA Casson, Power Law, IPC Paste, and Thix Index. Each Math Model will be displayed in equation form with parameter values and confidence of fit calculations shown. Additionally, a graph of the model will be shown when available (no graph is available for Thix Index). The graph is a visual aid only and will not be included with a print. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 43 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 44: Iii.12 Data Averaging

    Figure III-19 shows the Power Law equation for a typical set of data. A brief definition of the equation will be shown if the “i” (information) button is pressed. Figure III-19 Detailed information about Math Models is presented in Section VII. III.12 Data Averaging The DV3T Rheometer offers two techniques to average data, Live A veraging and Post Test A veraging. Data averaging can be useful when measuring samples with entrained air or suspended particles that case some variation in measurement results. Data averaging may not be useful when changes in measurement results are caused by the rheological properties of the test sample such as thixotropy or pseudoplasticity (shear thinning). Materials that exhibit thixotropy will show a steadily decreasing measured viscosity over time. Materials that exhibit pseudoplasticity will show a changing viscosity as the spindle speed changes. TIP: When averaging data for a thixotropic material, begin the Averaging Duration after the period of most significant change in measured viscosity. This will reduce the variability in the averaged value. TIP: When averaging data for a pseudoplastic material, do not average together (Test Averaging) data collected at different speeds (or shear rates). Live Averaging of data occurs during actual testing of a sample. Data can be collected as an average of readings over a specific time interval; each data point saved in the file is an averaged value. This averaging is defined in the Data Collection section of Configure Viscosity Test.
  • Page 45 Multi Point Averaging requires a definition of 1) Data Interval, the frequency of data collection and 2) Averaging Duration, the amount of time for which readings will be averaged. These two parameters will work in conjunction to generate multiple data points each of which represent the average of all data measured during the average duration within the specified Data Interval. Post Test Averaging of data occurs after the test is complete, through the Results screen. Averages and standard deviation values can be generated for data collected in a single step or across several steps. If the test used to collect data utilized Live Averaging (described above), then the Post Test Averaging will produce an average value of averaged data points. Post Test Averaging can be specified in the Report section of Configure Viscosity Test (see Section III.9). When configured as part of the test, the average values will be displayed immediately upon test conclusion. If not specified in Report, Post Test Averaging can be selected from the Down Arrow in the Results screen (see Section III.11). Post Test Averaging offers two options: Step Averaging and Test Averaging (see Figure III-20). Figure III-20 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 45 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 46 Step Averaging: Calculate Average and Standard Deviation for all data collected within a single step test. Step Averages will be displayed as shown below in Figure III-21. Figure III-21 Test Averaging: Calculate Average and Standard Deviation for all data collected within step specified. Test Averages will be displayed as shown below in Figure III-22. Figure III-22 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 46 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 47: Making Yield Measurements

    C) Autozero the rheometer (Section II.2). D) The DV3T will display the Configure Viscosity Test Screen. Press the Home Icon in the Navigation Bar. From the Home Menu, select Configure Yield Test. Select: Spindle, Immersion Mark, and Run Speed. Attach the vane spindle to the DV3T. NOTE: Left-hand thread. If equipped with EZ-Lock, use the appropriate procedure to connect the spindle (see Section III.3). Immerse the spindle gently into the test sample by lowering the DV3T on the Model G laboratory stand. G) Press the Run button. The screen will change to the Running Yield Test Screen. H) When the Yield Test is complete, the DV3T will present the Yield Test Complete screen. Record the Stress (yield stress), Torque, and Temperature. To run another test, press Configure Test. To return to the Home Menu, press the Home Icon. IV.2 Preparations for Making Measurements A) RHEOMETER: The DV3T should be turned on, leveled and autozeroed. The level is adjusted using the two feet on the bottom of the base and confirmed using the bubble level on the front of the head. Adjust the feet until the bubble is inside the center target. Set the level prior to autozero and check the level prior to each measurement.

  • Page 48: Iv.3 Selecting A Spindle/Speed

    If your instrument has the EZ-Lock system, the spindles are attached as follows: With one hand hold the spindle, while gently raising the spring-loaded outer sleeve to its highest position with the other hand, as shown in Figure IV-2. Insert the EZ-Lock Spindle Coupling so that the bottom of the coupling is flush with the bottom of the shaft, and lower the sleeve. The sleeve should easily slide back down to hold the spindle/coupling assembly Figure IV-1 Figure IV-2 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 48 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 49: Iv.4 Temperature Control

    2) the temperature probe supplied with the temperature control device (water bath or T hermosel). Only one temperature probe can be used for display of live temperature, control, and data collection. Select the probe to be used in the Temperature menu (see Figure IV-3). Figure IV-3 Figure IV-4 TIP: Embedded temperature probes used with the Cone/Plate and Small Sample Adapter can be used for set point control of a water bath. Making this selection can improve the temperature control of the sample by off setting the temperature bath to account for any heat loss in the tubing or water jacket. To use the embedded temperature probe select Probe in the Temperature menu. Temperature control must be initiated each time the DV3T is powered on. Be sure that the temperature control device is powered on prior to initiating communication. Choose Device Setup Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 49 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 50: Iv.5 Test Parameters

    Less bar; Yield Limit, Instructions, Save Path. Spindle Spindle Number A two (2) digit code representing the spindle number used for the test must be selected. See A ppendix A for more information regarding spindles for use with the DV3T Rheometer. Selection of the appropriate spindle code is important to ensure correct stress calculations. Brookfield recommends the use of vane spindles for yield measurements. Immersion Mark Each vane spindle has two (2) immersion marks. The primary immersion mark is located on the spindle shaft. Normally, the spindle should be inserted so that the sample reaches this mark. If the sample container is too small to allow the spindle to be inserted to this mark, the secondary immersion mark may be used. This mark appears half way down the blades of the vane spindles. See Appendix D for more information regarding spindles and immersion marks. Note: Selection of the appropriate Primary immersion mark is important Immersion to ensure correct stress Mark calculations. Secondary Immersion Mark Figure IV-5 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 50 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 51 (0) RPM. Wait Time is the time the sample is allowed to rest between the completion of zeroing and the start of the yield measurement. Some samples rebuild structure more slowly than others after shearing, such as during handling, pouring sample into a beaker, etc. Certain low-viscosity paints may also have a low yield stress. Waiting 30 seconds, for example, after immersing the spindle may allow the sample to rebuild, producing a more consistent test method. Run Speed Run Speed is the motor speed for the DV3T at which the material is tested. It is common for materials to appear stiffer when tested at higher speeds. That is, the slope of the stress-vs.-strain curve increases with increasing speed. This is because the material structure has less time in which to react to dissipate the applied stress. Increasing the speed will, in most cases, increase the yield stress measured by the instrument. Most yield tests are conducted at relatively low speeds (<1 rpm) to minimize any inertial effects when using vane spindles. The range of acceptable run speeds is 0.01 - 5.0 RPM. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 51...
  • Page 52 However, this will also affect the calculated yield stress value. TIP: Brookfield recommends a torque reduction value of 100%. Yield Limits These stress values can be used as a Quality Control tool. If the resulting yield stress from a test falls outside these limits, an appropriate message is displayed and printed with the results. Entering zero (0) for both these parameters disables this QC feature. Instructions Record specific instructions to the operator. This information will be presented immediately when the program is Run (see Figure IV-6). The operator is required to acknowledge the message before the program will continue. Figure IV-6 TIP: If the operator selects “Do not show this message again” within the Instructions message box, then Instructions will no longer be displayed for any test. This condition can be reset to allow Instructions to be displayed in the Display section of User Settings TIP: Instructions can be viewed during the test by selecting instructions (more/less bar) in the View Test screen. Save Path Define the memory location (internal or USB Flash Drive) where the Test Results will be saved. TIP: Selecting a data path can help to organize data storage in the internal memory of the DV3T. By preselecting the data path, operators are directed to put the data from specific tests into specific areas. TIP: If you select a data path that includes a USB Flash Drive location and the Flash Drive has been removed, an error message will be displayed. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 52 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 53: Iv.6 Running A Yield Test

    Test Name Measurement Data Real Time Graph Command Keys Figure IV-7 The Running Yield Test screen provides information on the current measurement including: Delta Torque, Torque, Stress, Strain, Temperature, and Speed. Delta Torque is the difference between the current %Torque value and the previous %Torque value. As the sample approaches its yield point, the Delta Torque percentage should decrease. If the Torque Reduction for the test is 100%, the yield point occurs when the % decrease in Torque = 100. Torque is the deflection of the Rheometer torque sensor. It is described as percent (%) and has a range of 0 – 100%. The DV3T will provide measurement results within the stated accuracy provided the Torque reading is between 10 and 100%. If the torque reading falls below 10% the labels in the data fields will flash to indicate an error condition. Brookfield does not recommend that data be collected below 10% Torque however data collection is not restricted. TIP: Torque on the DV3T is equivalent to the % reading from the DV-III Ultra and the YR-1 Rheometer. Stress is the calculated stress based on the Speed, Torque, and Spindle. Strain is the Apparent Strain placed on the sample. The Apparent Strain is the angular distance that the spindle rotates in the sample. Temperature is the input value from a connected Brookfield temperature probe. The DV3T is provided with a DVP-94Y probe that can be inserted into the test sample or a water bath. The Cone/Plate version of the DV3T can be utilized with a sample cup that includes an embedded temperature probe. Some Brookfield accessories include temperature probes (Thermosel) or Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 53 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 54: Iv.7 Results

    The Real Time Graph is displayed at the bottom of the Running Yield Test. This graph shows all measurements during the life of the test. The Y-Axis can represent any data field. The data field represented on the graph is shown by the blue dot; for example, in Figure IV-7, Torque is shown on the graph. Any data field can be selected by touching the screen. The Real Time Graph will indicate data points collected as part of the Test with a blue dot indicating the final point. At the conclusion of the test, the Real Time Graph is displayed for review. Once the OK button is pressed, the screen will transition to Results. QC Limits will be indicated on the Real Time Graph when the selection for Y-Axis is the same as the selection for QC Limits (see Section III.9). Two Command Keys are available on the Running Yield Test Screen: Stop Test and View Test. Stop Test: Immediately stop the current test. The user will be presented with a confirmation box. The test will continue to run until Yes is selected in the Confirmation box. The user will be presented with the Results screen with any data that was collected. View Test: Change the view from measurement to the test parameters. The View Test screen includes a live display of temperature. View Test includes the Stop Test command key and a Back Arrow in the Navigation Bar. The Back Arrow is used to return the display to the Running Yield Test view. IV.7 Results Measurement data is viewed in the Results screen. This screen is presented at the conclusion of a test or when data is loaded through the View Results selection from the Home Menu The DV3T utilizes a comprehensive data format. Data files include the complete set of measurement results and calculated values along with the test protocol. All elements of the test can be viewed in the Results screen. The DV3T Rheometer allows for 5000 total data points per file. When viewing large data files, additional time is required when moving from the various Results options listed below. There may be some delay on the screen while the DV3T prepares the data. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 54 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 55 The results screen includes several Navigation Icons and Command Keys. Home: Return to the Home Menu. Down Arrow: Select Results Options. Blue Arrow: Select Page of Results Table. Print: Print Data to USB printer. Save: Save data. Configure Test: Return to Configure Viscosity Test screen. Scroll Bar: Move up/down through a page of data. The Results screen offers several options for viewing test data. These options are accessed via the Down Arrow in the Navigation Bar at the top of the screen (see Figure IV-8). Figure IV-8 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 55 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 56 Table: Display all data points. Data will be shown in a scroll list where each page can hold a maximum of 50 points. If the data set has more than 50 points, then additional pages will be indicated at the bottom of the screen. Additional pages of data can be accessed through the use of the Blue Arrows Each data point includes: Viscosity, Torque, Speed, Temperature, Time, Shear Stress (SS), Shear Rate (SR), Density, and Accuracy. Test Used: Display the test elements used to generate the data set. In this view, the Configure Test button is available. Selecting Configure Test will program the DV3T to run the same test utilized to collect the data set being viewed and present the Configure Viscosity Test screen. Notes: Document any relevant information about the test or data. This information will be stored with the data set once saved. Compare Results: Load two data sets and view side by side (see Figure IV-9). Device Info: Display basic information about the data file and the specific DV3T Rheometer used to collect the data including: date and time the test started, completed and was saved; if user accounts are active, which user saved the data; rheometer serial number, firmware version, rheometer Torque range (LV, RV, HA, HB, other). Graph: Display the final data point and graph (see Figure IV-10). The graph axis (X and Y) can be changed by selecting the blue drop down arrow in the appropriate data field. Zoom and reset controls are indicated under the X-Axis. Figure IV-9 Figure IV-10 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 56 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 57: Settings

    Figure V-1 V.1 Device Setup The Device Setup menu includes settings related to the mechanical systems and connections of the DV3T. Six settings are available including: Temperature - Create off sets to be used with specific temperature probes, initiate control of the Brookfield Thermosel or Temperature Bath. Printer Setup - Define the print format to be used with the Dymo 450 Printer. AutoZero - Force the DV3T to perform an AutoZero as is done at start up. Oscillation Check - Evaluate the performance of the DV3T lower bearings. Technical Support Info - Information that may be requested by Brookfield T echnical Support staff to assist with troubleshooting. About - Present basic information about the DV3T as is done at start up. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 57 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 58 Access, and Temperature Display/Settings. Figure V-2 Temperature: The Temperature Offset setting allows the user to create up to 10 temperature offset values for connected temperature probes. Brookfield offers several types of temperature probes for use with the DV3T including: DVP-94Y immersion probe (supplied with the DV3T), CPA-44PYZ embedded probe (optional with Cone/Plate DV3T Rheometers), and SC4-13RP embedded probe (optional with Small Sample Adapter). Any of these probes can be calibrated locally against a standard reference thermometer to determine an offset (how far from the actual temperature does the probe read). This offset can be entered into the DV3T Rheometer and identified with a name defined by the user. When Temperature is selected in the Device Setup menu, the Temperature Offset menu is presented (see Figure V-3). From this menu you can create new offset values by pressing the Add Probe Offset command key at the bottom of the screen and you can select which offset to utilize with the DV3T by pressing the circle beside the name. In Figure IV-3, the offset DVP-94Y 3 has been selected as indicated by the blue circle. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 58 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 59 The use of a Temperature Offset will be indicated in the Temperature field displayed in the Configure Viscosity Test screen with a (o) beside the Live indication. The Temperature menu also allows the user to initiate control over a connected temperature control device such as the Brookfield Thermosel (HT-106 controller) or Water Bath (model TC-XX0SD or TC-XX0AP). See Section II.4 for further details. Establish control over the external temperature controller by selecting Temperature Controller in the Temperature menu (see Figure V-4). Figure V-4 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 59 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 60 TIP: Use a Default Temperature when the test program includes a change in temperature and set the value equal to the first temperature control point in the test. At the conclusion of the test, the control device will be reset to the first temperature set point which will minimize the time required between tests. The Temperature screen also allows you to choose which temperature probe will be used for data collection and temperature control. When the DV3T is controlling temperature through an external device, there may be two temperature probes available for data collection: 1) the temperature probe connected to the DV3T (Probe) and 2) the temperature probe associated with the temperature control device (Controller). Press either Probe or Controller in the Temperature menu, figure the first one above. Printer Setup: The DV3T is configured for use with the Dymo 450 printer. No other printers can be utilized with the rheometer. Printer Setup allows the user to choose from three different configurations for print out. Label Small: A small label (1.13inch x 3.5inch) that allows for printing of limited data for a single data point. The label stock is available from Brookfield; part number GV-1048.
  • Page 61 Confirmation of level and spindle removal will present the user with the Oscillation Check screen as shown below. Figure V-5 A successful Oscillation Check will show a very smooth decrease of %Torque with a final value within +/-0.2 of 0.0. Any value above 0.2 % or below -0.2% indicates that a calibration check should be performed (see Appendix F). TIP: Higher Torque ranges (HA and HB) will quickly return to the zero value without displaying much oscillation. This is normal behavior. The Oscillation Check is not a guarantee of proper calibration. It is only an indication of the performance of the lower bearing of the rheometer. Calibration can only be verified through the use of a calibration standard such as Brookfield Silicone and Mineral Oil standards. Technical Support Info: The information contained in the Technical Support Info menu is designed to support Brookfield for problem resolution. W hen contacting Brookfield for support, you may be asked to provide information contained in one of the menu choices within Technical Support Info. There are no settings within this section and the performance of the DV3T Rheometer can not be affected by accessing this section. About: The About screen is shown during the start up sequence of the DV3T Rheometer. Selecting About in the Device Setup menu will show the same information (see Figure V -6). Information Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 61 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 62: Device Setup

    TIP: The information on the About screen will be needed when contacting Brookfield for support. To return from the About screen, press the Left Arrow navigation button in the Title Bar. V.2 User Settings The User Settings menu includes settings related to specific users. The DV3T may be set up for a single user setting (used by one or more operators) or for multiple users who access through a Log In and Password. Three User settings are available including: Sound - Adjust the volume of the DV3T sounds and select which sounds to silence. Display - Adjust the brightness, select language and restore Pop-Up messages. Change Password - Change the password for the Log In account used to access the DV3T Rheometer. TIP: Each User can set their own preferences for Sound and Display. Sound: The Sound menu provides adjustment of the volume for the sounds utilized by the DV3T.
  • Page 63 Display: The Display menu provides adjustment of Screen Brightness, Language Selection, and Pop-Up Message management. The Screen Brightness adjustment applies to all screen views within the DV3T. Note: The screen brightness is dimmed automatically after 5 minutes of no touch screen activity. The brightness will be dimmed to the lowest value. A single touch of the touch screen will return the display to the set brightness value. The Language Setting is selected by pressing the Language field and choosing the appropriate language from the list. The selected language will be implemented immediately. Pop-Up Messages can be toggled on/off through the check box (see Figure V-7). This check box applies to all Pop-Up Messages. Pop-Up Messages can be toggled off individually through the check box that appears within the message box. Once the Pop-Up is turned off, it will not be shown again. Pop-Up Messages can be restored through the use of the Restore Hidden Pop-Ups command key at the bottom of the Display Settings screen. This command key will restore all Pop-Ups. Figure V-7 Change Password: A specific user can change their own password at any time. The user must first enter the current password. Then the user will be prompted to enter and confirm the new password. TIP: If the administrator password is lost, it can be reset. Please contact Brookfield or your Brookfield representative. Remember to have the information found in the About screen available (see Section V.1). Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 63 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 64: Global Settings

    Pascal seconds centistokes millimeters squared per second 1000 cP = 10 P = 1000 mPa • s = 1 Pa • s 1 cSt = 1 mm TIP: When cSt units are chosen for viscosity, a density value must be entered in the Density field in Configure Viscosity Test. Speed revolutions per minute reciprocal seconds The relationship between RPM and 1/s is defined by the SCR value of the selected spindle. See Appendix D for details. Temperature Centigrade Fahrenheit 100 C = 5/9 * (212 F – 32) Stress (Shear) Dyne/cm Dyne per square centimeter Newton / square meter Pascal 10 dyne/cm = 1 N/m = 1 Pa Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 64 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 65 Year/Month/Day ISO Standard Month/Day/Year USA Standard Day/Month/Year International Standard Global Alarm: The Global Alarm establishes a single measurement parameter with a range of acceptance. Whenever the measured value exceeds this range of acceptance, an audible and visual alarm will be issued. The Global Alarm will apply to any test that is run. The QC Limit also establishes a measurement parameter with a range of acceptance; however, the QC Limit is applied only to the test in which it is defined. The Global A larm can be set for any of the four measurement parameters including; Shear Stress, Temperature, Torque and Viscosity. Once a parameter is selected, both low and high limits must be entered. These limits are independent of the spindle and speed selected. When the global alarm is triggered, the DV3T will provide an audible alarm and a Warning message on the screen (see Figure V-8). The error message will provide some detail about the alarm condition. The test Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 65 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 66 The Running Viscosity Test display will show a colored box around the data parameter associated with the Global Alarm. When the alarm condition is first met, the colored box will be yellow. If the measurement parameter returns to the acceptable range, then the colored box will be removed. When the alarm condition is met a second time, the colored box will be red (see Figure V-9). The audible alarm will only sound once. Figure V-9 TIP: The Global Alarm sound can be turned off in the Sounds menu of User Settings. The Global Alarm is deactivated by choosing None in the drop down list of available measurement parameters. You must press OK to confirm your Global Alarm choice. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 66 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 67 Invalid Input message and prevent the selection of the spindle (see Figure V-10). List Button Figure V-10 TIP: To ensure that the correct spindle code is always entered, create a test that is saved to the DV3T memory. TIP: The selection of spindle can be restricted by User Log In. Use this restriction combined with a saved test configuration to ensure that the correct spindle is always used for critical tests. See Section V.4.2 for details of Users and Access. A Special Spindle can be created when the user has developed a new spindle geometry or when using a standard Brookfield spindle in a non standard measurement container. The Special Spindle, once created, will be available to users through the Spindle selection in Configure Viscosity Test. A Special Spindle is created by selecting the Special Spindle command button in the Edit Spindle List menu. A Special Spindle requires a code, a name, and an SMC value. Optional values include SRC and YMC. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 67 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 68 Shear Rate (1/s) = SRC * RPM The YMC (Yield Multiplier Constant) is used to convert the measured torque to yield stress. Speed List: The selection of Speed in Configure Viscosity Test can be done by using either a number pad or a scroll list. (This choice is selected through the navigation button in the Set Spindle screen.) When scroll list is selected, the speed entry is restricted to the classic Brookfield speed sets for the LV and RV/HA/HB rheometers. The contents of the scroll list are defined in the Speed List menu. Each speed can be individually selected or deselected through the use of a check box. Select or deselect all speeds by using the Select All check box. Select or deselect all LV (or RV/HA/HB) speeds by using the Select All LV check box. The classic Brookfield speed sets are defined below. 0.3, 0.6, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 30, 60 RV/HA/HB: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 4, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 Additionally, a new speed can be added to the list by selecting the New Speed command key at the bottom of the display. The New Speed must be selected within the range of available speeds on the DV3T: 0.0 – 250 RPM. Speed entry through the number pad is never restricted. TIP: To ensure that the correct speed is always entered, create a test that is saved to the DV3T memory. TIP: The selection of speed can be restricted by User Log In. Use this restriction combined with a saved test configuration to ensure that the correct speed is always used for critical tests. See Section V.4.2 for details of Users and Access. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 68 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 69: Admin Functions

    Backup and Import - Update Instrument Firmware, add Language file, Back Up data and settings. Default Path - Define the logic for the Default Path for saving data and tests. Settings Reset - Reset basic settings to DV3T factory default. Device Reset - Reset the entire DV3T to factory default. Calibration Reminder - Establish use and frequency of calibration reminder. Save Audit Trail - Export the A udit trail to assist Brookfield when troubleshooting DV3T operation. V.4.1 Log In and Lock Out The Log In and Lock Out menu allows the user to define the Log In requirement and toggle the Lock Out feature within Running Viscosity Test (see Figure V-11). Figure V-11 The Log In check box controls the Log In requirement. When Log In is checked, the DV3T will require a User ID and Password prior to allowing any activity. The Log In screen is presented on power up or when the User Icon is selected from the Home Menu. The user must select their User ID from the drop down list and then enter their password. The Log In requirement is removed when the check box is unchecked. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc.

  • Page 70: Users And Access

    The test will continue to collect data during the Lock Out. The Allow Timed Lock Out check box controls the automatic feature of Lock Out. Set the Timed Lock Out time value from 1 – 99 minutes. The DV3T will Lock automatically (without touching the Lock Icon) after the test is initiated (press Run) when the screen has not been touched for the time specified. For example: Timed Lock Out is set to 1 minute; 30 seconds after the test has begun, the operator reviews the test parameters by touching Views Test; the DV3T will lock automatically 1 minute after that key press (90 seconds after the test began running). TIP: The Lock Out feature can be useful if the operator must leave the DV3T unattended during a test. The Lock Out After parameter defines how many failed Log In attempts are allowed before the User ID is locked. The range for Lock Out After is 1 – 20. Once a User ID is locked, the administrator must reset the password. TIP: If Require Login checked default Administrator password is “admin”, the administrator should change the default password prior to placing the instrument into service (see Section IV.2 for instructions on changing passwords). V.4.2 Users and Access The DV3T can be set up with User accounts to restrict access and enhance data tracking. Two user levels are available within the DV3T and each can be customized by the Administrator. All user accounts require a password for access to the DV3T. The User Settings are divided into four categories: General Settings, Data Access Functions, Viscosity Test Setup and Yield Test Setup. Table V-1 shows the factory default user settings for...
  • Page 71 Step End Condition • • Data Collection Mode • • QC Limits • • Density • • Graph Axes • • Math Model • • Default Results Screen • • Post Test Averaging • • Instructions • • Save Path • • Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 71 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 72: Set Time And Date

    The Time and Date is displayed on the Status Bar at the top of every screen. These parameters are set within the Set Time and Date menu. The format for setting Time and Date will be based on the Regional Settings (see Section V.3). Change from Set Time to Set Date by pressing the command key at the bottom of the screen. When both Date and Time are set correctly for your location, press OK to accept the change. V.4.4 Backup and Import The DV3T Rheometer provides several options relating to storage of Results, Tests and User Settings. Backup and Import menu options relate to creating back up files, updating instrument software, and updating language files. Backup: Create a backup file from the DV3T internal memory including: Settings, User Profiles, Results, and Tests. This backup file is saved to a USB Flash Drive and can be uploaded (Restore) to any DV3T Rheometer. Choose the location within a USB Flash Drive where the Backup file is to be saved. A new folder can be created by using the New Folder button. Press the Backup button to create the Backup file. Restore: Upload a previously saved Backup file. The information from the Backup file includes: Settings, User Profiles, Results, and Tests. Existing User profiles will not be overwritten. User profiles from the Backup file will be added to the user profiles that already exist on the DV3T. Locate the Backup file on the attached USB Flash Drive. Press the Restore button to upload the Backup file. Automatic Backup: Create Backup files according to a schedule. The frequency is set to Daily, Weekly or Monthly increments. The Path must be specified and requires the use of a USB Flash Drive. Check the Allow Automatic Backup check box to initiate this feature. The current Backup file will overwrite the previous Backup file located in the path location. TIP: You can preserve historical backup files by using multiple USB Flash Drives. Import: Upload Settings from a Backup file. User profiles, Results and Tests are not included. Locate the Backup file on the USB Flash Drive. Press the Import button to upload Settings from the Backup file. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 72 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 73: Default Path

    Add Language: Language files can be added to the DV3T as they become available from Brookfield. Insert a USB Flash Drive into the DV3T that contains the language file. Select Add Language from the Backup and Import menu and select the appropriate path. Press the Import command button to bring the new language file into the DV3T. Select the language in the Display section of the User Settings menu. Update Software: The internal operating software of the Brookfield DV3T can be updated from a USB Flash Drive as new versions become available from Brookfield. Insert a USB Flash Drive into the DV3T that contains the operating software file. Select Update Software from the Backup and Import menu and select the appropriate path. Press the Update command button to bring the new software file into the DV3T. V.4.5 Default Path The Path is the location where data or tests are stored. The DV3T will allow for storage to the Internal Memory or to an attached USB Flash drive. The path will also include any file structure that has been created. The Default Path identifies what location will be used as the initial location when Results are saved. The Default Path defined in Reports - Configure Viscosity Test (saved test or unsaved test) will take priority over the Default Path. The DV3T can create file structure based on User ID and Test Name. The options provided for the Default Path specify what format the data path should utilize. For example: set the Default Path to Operator -> Test Name. The User is logged in as DAVID and the test to run is INK 5. The data path will be defaulted as shown in Figure V-12. Figure V-12 TIP: The Default Path can be overwritten at the time that data is saved. Note that there is a limitation of 99 Results files which can exist in a single Path location. If this limit is exceeded, specify a different data Path to save new files to, or remove files from the Path location to decrease the number below 99. This limitation applies to all data Paths created on either the USB Flash Drive or Internal Memory. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 73 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 74: Settings Reset

    V.4.6 Settings Reset Settings Reset will return the DV3T settings (Device, User and Global) to the factory default. Internal memory will not be affected. User accounts will not be affected. V.4.7 Device Reset DATA LOSS POSSIBLE! Device Reset will return the DV3T to the factory default condition. All data, tests and Audit Trails will be deleted from internal memory. All User accounts will be deleted. TIP: Move data files and test files to a USB Flash Drive prior to selecting Device Reset. V.4.8 Calibration Reminder The DV3T can be programmed to provide the user with a reminder that calibration is due. Two parameters must be set: Frequency in Months and Start Date. When both parameters are entered, the Calibration Reminder screen (see Figure V-13) will calculate and display the day when the reminder will be presented. Check the Calibration Reminder On check box to activate this feature. Figure V-13 The Calibration Reminder will be presented during the first power up on or after the specified day. The message box (see Figure V-14) requires that the user press OK before the AutoZero will be performed.

  • Page 75: Save Audit Trail

    Figure IV-14 The calibration reminder will be reset by Brookfield or your authorized Brookfield dealer when the unit is returned for calibration. V.4.9 Save Audit Trail The A udit T rail is a collection of instrument check values that can assist Brookfield with troubleshooting activities. You may be asked to provide the Audit Trail files. Use Save Audit Trail to create an Audit Trail file on a USB stick. Two files will be created: Users.bin and Service.bin. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 75 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 76: Pg Flash Software

    VI. PG FLASH SOFTWARE Viscosity Test programs for the DV3T can be created on a computer through the use of PG Flash software. PG Flash is provided with all DV3T Rheometers on a CD that contains several different Brookfield utility software programs. PG Flash is designed to operate on the Windows platform XP or higher. PG Flash software provides all Viscosity Test controls that are available on the DV3T. A dditionally, multiple step Viscosity Test programs can be created for use on DV3T. Tests that are created and saved on the computer can be loaded onto a USB Flash Drive and then loaded into the DV3T through the Load Test function PG Flash offers: • Convenient Viscosity Test creation through a PC interface • Convenient Yield Test creation through a PC interface. • Storage of Tests on a PC or USB Flash Drive • Creation of single step Viscosity Tests • Creation of multiple step Viscosity Tests Windows Requirements for PG Flash: • Windows™ 2000 or above • 500 MHz processor • 256 MB RAM • USB Port • 1280x768 resolution display The PG Flash interface is shown in Figure VI-1. This screen is divided into four areas: Instrument Bar, General Parameters, Test Parameters, and the Program Grid. Instrument Test...
  • Page 77 Condition which sets the end of the Viscosity Test. End Condition Value: Parameter based on chosen End Condition. QC Limits: Parameter to be used for QC limit indicators. QC High / QC Low Limit Parameter based on the chosen QC Limits. Collect Single Point at Step End: During a Multi Point data collection, force the DV2T to collect a data point at the end of the step (when the End Condition is achieved). Include This Step into Average Calculation: Data from this step will be included in the average calculation indicated by the selection in Post Test Averaging. Add, Insert, Delete Step Buttons Save Button The Program Grid shows all Test Parameters for each step in a line view. All measurement units can be set through the Units Setup button (see Figure VI-2). This menu can be pinned to the screen. If the menu is not pinned, then it will minimize when the mouse is moved outside of the window. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 77 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 78 Units Setup Figure VI-2 Sample Viscosity Test programs can be seen in the following figures. Figure VI-3 demonstrates a typical single step test. Figure VI-4 demonstrates a multiple step test. Figure VI-3 Figure VI-4 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 78 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 79 Pre-Shear Speed: Specify a sped of rotation for pre-shear of the sample Pre-Shear Time: Specify the duration of the Pre-Shear step. Zero Speed: Specify the speed of rotation used to return the %Torque reading to zero before starting the yield measurement. Wait Time: Specify the duration of a rest period prior to starting the yield test. Test Run Speed: Specify the speed of the yield test. Torque Reduction: Specify the end point of the test. Normally set to 100%. Temperature Set Point: A live signal from the rheometer when a temperature probe is attached (Brookfield Part No. DVP-94Y). Also shown is the set point used to control the attached temperature controller (Brookfield Thermosel or TC-XX0SD / TC-XX0AP Temperature Baths). Yield Low Limit: Parameter based on the chosen QC Limits. Yield High Limit: Parameter based on the chosen QC Limits. Save Results Path: Define the memory location where the data will be saved. Instructions: Create a message that the user will see when the test begins. Figure VI-5 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 79 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 80: Math Models

    VII.1 The Power Law (Ostwald) Model (τ = shear stress, k = consistency index, = shear rate, and n = flow index) What does it tell you? The Power Law model provides a consistency index, k, which is a product’s viscosity at one reciprocal second. (Reciprocal seconds are the units of measurement for shear rate.) It also provides a flow index, n, which indicates the degree with which a material exhibits non-Newtonian flow behavior. Since Newtonian materials have linear shear stress vs. shear rate behavior and n describes the degree of non-Newtonian flow, the flow index essentially indicates how “non- linear” a material is. Figure VII-1 When n < 1 the product is shear-thinning or Pseudoplastic. This means the apparent viscosity decreases as shear rate increases. The closer n is to 0, the more shear thinning the material is. When n > 1 the product is shear-thickening or Dilatant. Their apparent viscosity increases as shear rate increases. When should you use it? This model should be used with non-Newtonian, time-independent fluids that do not have a yield stress. These fluids will begin to flow under any amount of shear stress. Graphs of such material generally intersect the y-axis at 0. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 80 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 81 The consistency index of 91,071 cP shows that the shampoo is very viscous at low shear rates, and as a result, it will appear to customers to be “rich and creamy” while still being easy to apply. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 81 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 82: Vii.2 The Herschel-Bulkley Model

    = shear stress, τ = yield stress, k = consistency index, = shear rate, and n = flow index) What does it tell you? The Herschel-Bulkley model is simply the Power Law model with the addition of τ for yield stress. Yield stress, τ , denotes how much shear stress is required to initiate flow. This model also provides a consistency index, k, which is a product’s viscosity at 1 reciprocal second, and a flow index, n, which indicates the degree with which a material exhibits non-Newtonian flow behavior. Since Newtonian materials have linear shear stress vs. shear rate behavior and n describes the degree of non-Newtonian flow, the flow index essentially indicates how “non-linear” a material is. For Herschel-Bulkley fluids, n will always be greater than or less than 1. When n < 1 the product is shear-thinning or Pseudoplastic. This means the apparent viscosity decreases as shear rate increases. The closer n is to 0, the more shear thinning the material is. When n > 1 the product is shear-thickening or Dilatant. It’s apparent viscosity increases as shear rate increases. VII-2 When should you use it? The Herschel-Bulkley model should be used with non-Newtonian, time-dependent materials that have a yield stress. Products with a yield stress only begin to flow after a certain amount of shear stress is applied. As a result, the flow curve intersects the y-axis at a point greater than 0. After Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 82 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 83 With a flow index of 0.66, this batch is also less shear thinning than normal. Pump and mixer speeds must be adjusted before using this material. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 83 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 84: Vii.3 The Bingham Model

    τ = shear stress, τ = yield stress, h = plastic viscosity, and D = shear rate) + hD What does it tell you? The Bingham model indicates a product’s yield stress, τ , which is the amount of shear stress required to initiate flow. It also provides the plastic viscosity, , which is the viscosity after a product yields. Figure VII-3 When should you use it? This model should be used with non-Newtonian materials that have a yield stress and then behave in a Newtonian fashion once they begin to flow. As a result, the shear stress-shear rate plot forms a straight line after yielding. (Products that have a yield stress only begin to flow after a certain amount of shear stress is applied. They are also called “viscoplastic”. Their shear stress vs. shear rate graphs intersect the y-axis at a point greater than 0.) Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 84 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 85 Yield Stress (τ ) = 166.4 dynes/cm pass/fail criteria, which would cause the fluid to insufficiently hold-up the cuttings. The shipment was cancelled and the root-cause of the problem was identified. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 85 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 86: Vii.4 The Casson Model

    = yield stress, h = plastic viscosity, and D = shear rate) τ What does it tell you? The Casson model provides parameters similar to that of the Bingham model. However, unlike the Bingham model, it was developed for materials that exhibit non-Newtonian flow after yielding. The Casson model indicates the product’s yield stress (τ ) which is the amount of shear stress required to initiate flow, and the product’s plastic viscosity, , which is the viscosity of the product after it yields. Figure VII-4 When should you use it? The Casson model should be used with non-Newtonian materials that have a yield stress and that do not exhibit a “Newtonian-like” behavior once they begin to flow. This model is most suitable for fluids that exhibit Pseudoplastic or shear thinning, flow behavior after yielding. These fluids have a non-linear flow curve. The point at which it crosses the y-axis is the product’s yield stress (τ ). To protect the point at which the curve will intersect with the y-axis, the Casson model linearizes or straightens the plot by taking the square root of the data. To ensure accurate extrapolation to yield stress it is best to take some data at low shear rates. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 86 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 87 Before releasing a new over the counter gel, a Pharmaceutical Gel pharmaceutical company needs to learn how it will behave which it is being used by the Plastic Viscosity ( ) = 329.8 cP end consumer. They perform a full viscosity Yield Stress (τ ) = 325.8 dynes/cm profile and apply the Casson model. From the results, shown in Figure VII-4, they learn that their ointment has a higher yield stress, τ , and lower plastic viscosity, , than they originally intended. As a result it is difficult or dispense from its container (due to the high yield stress) and it does not hold it shape very well (due to the low plastic viscosity), making it difficult to apply a small amount to the affected area of the skin. Based on this data, formulators are able to modify the ingredients accordingly. Once a formulation is established, multi-point tests and the Casson model are performed as a QC tool to check batches before and after processing. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 87 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 88: Vii.5 Other Rheological Models

    Figure VII-5 When chocolate is used for enrobing, it must have a yield stress high enough to stay in place once it enrobes the filling. In the case of decorating chocolate, the yield stress must be high enough so it can keep its shape once it has been squeezed into place through a nozzle. For molding chocolate, the plastic viscosity must be low enough to completely fill the mold. (The NCA/CMA lists Brookfield’s HA-spring range viscometer with a Small Sample Adapter, SC4-27 spindle and SC4-13R sample chamber as the approved apparatus.) The IPC Paste Model The IPC Paste Model was developed for solder pastes. It calculates the viscosity of solder pastes at 10rpm. The IPC Paste Model requires that the product be tested with a Brookfield Spiral Adapter at multiple speeds. More details can be found in the IPC-TM-650 Test Methods Manual (methods 2.4.34.2 and 2.4.3). Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 88 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 89 This model is a variation of the Power Law Model. Unlike the Power Law Model, which relates apparent viscosity to shear rate, the IPC Paste Model relates apparent viscosity to the testing speed (rpm). Figure VII-6 Figure VII-7 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 89 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 90: Appendix A: Cone/Plate Rheometer Setup

    Appendix A - Cone/Plate Rheometer Set-Up This Cone/Plate version of the DV3T uses the same operating instruction procedures as described in this manual. However, the “gap” between the cone and the plate must be verified/adjusted before measurements are made. This is done by moving the plate (built into the sample cup) up towards the cone until the pin in the center of the cone touches the surface of the plate, and then by separating (lowering) the plate 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm). When operating the Cone/Plate at elevated temperature, the gap must be set with the cup and spindle equilibrated at the temperature recommended. Maximum temperature for Cone/Plate operation is 80ºC. Maximum operational temperature of sample cup is 100 ºC. Personal protection is recommended when controlling to temperatures above 80ºC. Note: Micrometer Adjustment Ring will become hot when controlling sample cup at temperatures above 50ºC. Programmable DV3T Cone/Plate Rheometers, S/N 50969 and higher, have an Electronic Gap Setting feature. This feature enables the user to easily find the 0.0005 inch gap setting that was established at Brookfield prior to shipment. Brookfield recommends that the maximum particle size in the sample material for measurement with cone/plate geometry be less than 5 times the gap settings. A more conservative approach is to limit the maximum particle size to less than 10 times the gap setting. The following information explains how to set the Electronic Gap and verify calibration of the DV3T Rheometer.
  • Page 91 Left Hand Threads. Note: 5. Attach the cup, taking care not to hit the cone with the cup (Figure A-4), by positioning the cup against the mic ring and swinging the tension bar under the cup. The tension bar should have plastic tubing in place. Do Not hit the CONE with the CUP! Tension Bar Figure A-4 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 91 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 92 Electronic Gap Setting feature “on”. Be sure to Full Scale Division Marks shut the feature “off” before taking readings! Figure A-6 7. Carefully remove the sample cup. Note: 1. The cup may be removed and replaced without resetting the gap if the micrometer adjustment ring has not been moved. 2. Remove the spindle from the rheometer when cleaning. Re-establish the hit point every time the spindle is attached/detached. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 92 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 93 CPA-41Z, CPE-41, CP-41 2.0 mL CPA-42Z, CPE-42, CP-42 1.0 mL CPA-51Z, CPE-51, CP-51 0.5 mL CPA-52Z, CPE-52, CP-52 0.5 mL 4. Attach the sample cup to the Rheometer and allow sufficient time for the sample, cup and cone to reach temperature equilibrium. 5. Turn the motor on. Set the desired speed(s). Measure the viscosity and record the reading in both % torque and centipoise (cP). 6. Verify that the viscosity reading is within the allowable 1% deviation, as explained earlier, for the specific viscosity standard fluid(s) that you are using. The CPE or CPA designation on the cone spindle indicates use with Electronic Gap Setting Cone/ Plate Rheometers/Rheometers only. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 93 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 94: Appendix B: Viscosity Ranges

    10,000 36.5 - 10,000 73 - 10,000 292 - 10,000 1.29N SC4-DIN-82 SC4-DIN-83 11.3 - 37,898 121.3 - 50,000 242.6 - 50,000 970.4 - 50,000 1.29N This spindle used with Thermosel only This spindle used with Small Sample Adapter only Å N represents speed in RPM. For example, spindle SC4-14 operated at 5 rpm has a shear rate of 0.40 x 5 = 2.0 sec Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 94 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 95 20,000 - 20,000,000 40,000 - 40,000,000 160,000 - 160,000,000 3,900 - 4,686,500 50,000 - 50,000,000 100,000 - 100,000,000 400,000 - 400,000,000 7,800 - 9,373,000 100,000 - 100,000000 200,000 - 200,000,000 800,000 - 800,000,000 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 95 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 96 170.4K-1.704M V-71 5XHB 20-200 10.48K-104.8K V-72 5xHB 80-800 44.4K-444K V-73 5XHB 400-4000 214K-2.14M V-74 5xHB 4K-40K 2.172M-21.72M V-75 5xHB 1.6K-16K 852K-8.52M Note: 1. 1 Pa = 10 dyne/cm2 2. Viscosity Range is given at rotational speed of 10 RPM 3. 5xHB is the highest torque range available 4. Not for use with DV-E Viscometers M = 1 million K = 1 thousand Pa = Pascal cP = Centipoise mPa•s = Millipascal•seconds Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 96 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 97 Special Considerations In taking viscosity measurements with the DV3T Rheometer, there are two considerations which pertain to the low viscosity limit of effective measurement. 1) Viscosity measurements should be accepted within the equivalent % Torque Range from 10% to 100% for any combination of spindle/speed rotation. 2) Viscosity measurements should be taken under laminar flow conditions, not under turbulent flow conditions. The first consideration has to do with the precision of the instrument. All DV3T Rheometers have an accuracy of +/- 1% of the range in use for any standard spindle or cone/plate spindle. (Note that accuracy values may be higher than 1% when using accessory devices with the DV3T). We discourage taking readings below 10% of range because the potential viscosity error of +/- 1% is a relatively high number compared to the instrument reading. The second consideration involves the mechanics of fluid flow. All rheological measurements of fluid flow properties should be made under laminar flow conditions. Laminar flow is flow wherein all particle movement is in layers directed by the shearing force. For rotational systems, this means all fluid movement must be circumferential. When the inertial forces on the fluid become too great, the fluid can break into turbulent flow wherein the movement of fluid particles becomes random and the flow can not be analyzed with standard math models. This turbulence creates a falsely high...

  • Page 98: Appendix C: Variables In Viscosity Measurement

    RPMs). They fall into two groups: 1) Time Independent non-Newtonian 2) Time Dependent non-Newtonian Time Independent Pseudoplastic - A pseudoplastic material displays a decrease in viscosity with an increase in shear rate, and is also known as “shear thinning”. If you take Rheometer readings from a low to a high RPM and then back to the low RPM, and the readings fall upon themselves, the material is time independent pseudoplastic (shear thinning). Time Dependent Thixotropic - A thixotropic material has decreasing viscosity under constant shear rate. If you set a Rheometer at a constant speed recording cP values over time and find that the cP values decrease with time, the material is thixotropic. - If you take rheometer readings from a low RPM to a high RPM and then back to the low RPM, and the readings are lower for the descending step, the material is time dependant, thixotropic. Brookfield publication, “More Solutions to Sticky Problems”, includes a more detailed discussion of rheological properties and non-Newtonian behavior. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 98 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 99 Rheometer Related Variables Most fluid viscosities are found to be non-Newtonian. They are dependent on Shear Rate, time of test and the spindle geometry conditions. The specifications of the Rheometer spindle and chamber geometry will affect the viscosity readings. If one reading is taken at 2.5 RPM, and a second at 50 RPM, the two cP values produced will be different because the readings were made at different shear rates. The faster the spindle speed, the higher the shear rate. The shear rate of a given measurement is determined by: the rotational speed of the spindle, the size and shape of the spindle, the size and shape of the container used and therefore the distance between the container wall and the spindle surface. A repeatable viscosity test should control or specify the following: 1) Test temperature 2) Sample container size (or spindle/chamber geometry) 3) Sample volume 4) Rheometer model 5) Spindle used 6) Whether or not to attach the guard leg 7) Test speed or speeds (or the shear rate) 8) Length of time or number of spindle revolutions to record viscosity 9) How the sample was prepared and/or loaded into the container Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 99 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 100: Appendix D: Spindle Entry Codes And Smc/Src Values

    Appendix D - Spindle Entry Codes and SMC/SRC Values Each spindle has a two digit entry code which is entered via the keypad on the DV3T. The entry code allows the DV3T to calculate Viscosity, Shear Rate and Shear Stress values. Each spindle has two constants which are used in these calculations. The Spindle Multiplier Constant (SMC) used for viscosity and shear stress calculations, and the Shear Rate Constant (SRC), used for shear rate and shear stress calculations. Note that where SRC = 0, no shear rate/ shear stress calculations are done and the data displayed is zero (0) for these functions. Table D-1 (Continued on following page) SPINDLE ENTRY CODE LV4 or 4B2 1280 LV-2C 0.212 LV-3C 0.210 SA-70 0.677 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 100 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 101 CP-42, CPE-42 or CPA-42Z 0.64 3.84 CP-51, CPE-51 or CPA-51Z 5.178 3.84 CP-52, CPE-52 or CPA-52Z 9.922 SPINDLE ENTRY CODE V-71 2.62 V-72 11.1 V-73 53.5 V-74 V-75 Table D-1 (continued from previous page) Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 101 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 102 Table D-2 lists the model codes and spring torque constants for each Rheometer model. Table D-2 MODEL CODE ON DV3T MODEL SCREEN DV3TLV 0.09375 DV3TL3 0.234375 2.5LV DV3TL5 0.46875 DV3TRQ 0.25 1/4 RV DV3TRH 1/2 RV DV3TRV DV3THA DV3TA2 DV3TA3 2.5HA DV3THB DV3TB2 DV3TB3 2.5HB DV3TB5 The full scale viscosity range for any DV3T model and spindle may be calculated using the equation: Full Scale Viscosity Range [cP] = TK * SMC * 10,000...

  • Page 103: Appendix E: Spindle Entry Codes And Range Coefficients

    128,000 512,000 320,000 640,000 2,560,000 30,000 1,280,000 2,560,000 10,240,000 120,000 LV4 or 4B2 6,400,000 12,800,000 51,200,000 600,000 1,200,000 12,800,000 25,600,000 102,400,000 LV-2C 320,000 640,000 2,560,000 30,000 LV-3C 1,280,000 2,560,000 10,240,000 120,000 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 103 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 104 V-71 26,200 52,400 209,600 2,456 V-72 111,000 222,000 888,000 10,404 V-73 535,000 1,070,000 4,280,000 50,146 V-74 508,954 5,430,000 10,860,000 43,440,000 V-75 199,645 2,130,000 4,260,000 8,520,000 Table E-1 (Continued on previous page) Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 104 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 105: Appendix F: Calibration Procedures

    Appendix F - Calibration Procedures The accuracy of the DV3T is verified using viscosity standard fluids which are available from Brookfield Engineering Laboratories or your local Brookfield agent. Viscosity standards are Newtonian, and therefore, have the same viscosity regardless of spindle speed (or shear rate). Viscosity standards, ° C, are shown in Table F-1 (Silicone Oils) and Table F-2 (Mineral Oils). calibrated at 25 For more help you can go to the website, www.brookfieldengineering.com, and download the video.
  • Page 106 Viscosity Standard Fluids may be stored under normal laboratory conditions. Disposal should be in accordance with state, local and federal regulations as specified on the material safety data sheet. Brookfield Engineering Laboratories does not recertify Viscosity Standard Fluids. We will issue duplicate copies of the Certificate of Calibration for any fluid within two years of the purchase date. Brookfield Viscosity Standard Fluids are reusable provided they are not contaminated. Normal practice for usage in a 600 mL beaker is to return the material from the beaker back into the bottle. When using smaller volumes in accessories such as Small Sample Adapter, UL Adapter or Thermosel, the fluid is normally discarded. Calibration Procedure for LV #1-3 (#61-63) and RV, HA, HB #1-6 Brookfield Spindles Please note that the LV #4 (64) and RV, HA, HB #7 (07) spindles have been omitted from this procedure. Brookfield does not recommend the use of these spindles to perform a calibration...
  • Page 107 4) Allow 30 minutes for the viscosity standard, sample chamber and spindle to reach test temperature. 5) Measure the viscosity and record the Rheometer reading. Note: The spindle must rotate at least five (5) times before readings are taken. Calibration Procedure using UL or DIN Adapters Brookfield recommends a two step check. First, verify the calibration of the rheometer using the standard rheometer spindles (LV #1-3, RV #2-6, HA #2-6 and HB #2-6 or cone/plate spindles) as detailed in this appendix. Second, verify the calibration of the rheometer using the UL or DIN Adapters. The use of an accessory device may increase the accuracy of measurement associated with the DV3T. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 107 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 108 (5) times before readings are taken. Calibration Procedure using a Helipath Stand and T-Bar Spindles When a Helipath Stand and T-Bar spindles are used: 1) Remove the T-bar spindle and select a standard LV (#1-3) or RV, HA, HB (#1-6) spindle. Follow the procedures for LV (#1-3) and RV, HA, HB (#1-6) Brookfield spindles outlined above. 2) T-Bar spindles should not be used for verifying calibration of the DV3T Rheometer. Calibration Procedure for Spiral Adapter Brookfield recommends a two step check. First, verify the calibration of the rheometer using the standard rheometer spindles (LV #1-3, RV #2-6, HA #2-6 and HB #2-6 or cone/plate spindles) as detailed in this appendix. Second, verify the calibration of the rheometer using the Spiral Adapter. The use of an accessory device may increase the accuracy of measurement associated with the DV3T.
  • Page 109 100% of full scale range. Refer to Appendix B for viscosity ranges of cone spindles. Do not use a silicone viscosity standard fluid with a viscosity value greater than 5000 cP with a Cone/Plate Rheometer. Brookfield offers a complete range of mineral oil viscosity standards suitable for use with Cone/Plate Rheometers as shown in Table E-2. Consult with Brookfield or an authorized dealer to determine which fluid is appropriate. Interpretation of Calibration Test Results: When verifying the calibration of the DV3T, the instrument and viscosity standard fluid error must be combined to calculate the total allowable error. The DV3T is accurate to (+/-) 1% of the range in use when using spindles LV #1-3, RV #2-6, HA #2-6 and HB #2-6. When using an accessory device with the DV3T such as Small Sample Adapter, UL Adapter, Thermosel, Spiral Adapter, and DIN Adapter the accuracy value may be increased. In general the increase in accuracy will be minimal, however, it could be as much as 1% for a total accuracy of +/- 2% of the range in use. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 109 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 110 1) Calculate the full scale viscosity range either by using the Spindle Range Coefficient in Appendix B of More Solutions to Sticky Problems or by using the Auto Range button on your rheometer. The Spindle Range Coefficient for the 21 spindle on an LV Torque instrument is 4,688. At 6 RPM, the Full Scale Range (FSR) viscosity is 781 cP. Allow +/- 1% for the rheometer and +/- 1% for the Small Sample Adapter. Total allowable accuracy is: +/- 2% x 781 cP = +/- 15.6 cP A similar calculation at 12 RPM gives FSR = 391 cP: +/- 2% x 391 cP = +/- 7.8 cP A similar calculation at 30 RPM gives FSR = 156 cP: +/- 2% x 156 cP = +/- 3.1 cP 2) The Viscosity Standard Fluid is 101.5 cP. Its accuracy is: +/- 1% x 101.5 cP = +/- 1.015 cP or roughly +/- 1.0 cP for further calculations. 3) Total accuracy is the sum of the values n (1) and (2): At 6 RPM, accuracy is: 15.6 cP + 1.0 cP = +/- 16.6 cP At 12 RPM, accuracy is: 7.8 cP + 1.0 cP = +/- 9.8 cP At 30 RPM, accuracy is: 3.1 cP = 1.0 cP = +/- 4.1 cP Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 110 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 111 4) Therefore, at each speed, the acceptable windows within which the measured viscosity value must lie is calculated relative to the viscosity value of the standard: At 6 RPM: 84.9 cP to 118.1 cP At 12 RPM: 91.7 cP to 111.3 cP At 30 RPM: 97.4 cP to 105.6 cP If your measured values fall outside of these windows, contact Brookfield or your authorized dealer to discuss your results and determine whether your instrument is out of calibration. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 111 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 112: Appendix G: The Brookfield Guardleg

    Appendix G - The Brookfield Guardleg The guard leg was originally designed to protect the spindle during use. The first applications of the Brookfield Rheometer included hand held operation while measuring fluids in a 55-gallon drum. It is clear that under those conditions the potential for damage to the spindle was great. Original construction included a sleeve that protected the spindle from side impact. Early RV guard legs attached to the dial housing and LV guard legs attached to the bottom of the pivot cup with a twist and lock mechanism. The current guard leg is a band of metal in the shape of the letter U with a bracket at the top that attaches to the pivot cup of a Brookfield Viscometer/Rheometer. Because it must attach to the pivot cup, the guard leg cannot be used with a Cone/Plate instrument. A guard leg is supplied with all LV and RV series instruments, but not with the HA or HB series. It’s shape (shown in Figure G-1 and G-2) is designed to accommodate the spindles of the appropriate spindle set; therefore, the RV guard leg is wider than the LV due to the large diameter of the RV #2 spindle. They are not interchangeable. The calibration of the Brookfield Viscometer/Rheometer is determined using a 600 mL Low Form Griffin Beaker. The calibration of LV and RV series instruments includes the guard leg. The beaker wall (for HA/HB instruments) or the guard leg (for LV/RV instruments) define what is called the “outer boundary” of the measurement. The spindle factors for the LV, RV, and HA/HB spindles were developed with the above boundary conditions. The spindle factors are used to convert the instrument torque (expressed as the dial reading or %Torque value) into centipoise. Theoretically, if measurements are made with different boundary conditions, e.g., without the guard leg or in a container other than 600 mL beaker, then the spindle factors found on the Factor Finder cannot be used to accurately calculate an absolute viscosity. Changing the boundary conditions does not change the viscosity of the fluid, but it does change how the instrument torque is converted to centipoise. Without changing the spindle factor to suit the new boundary conditions, the calculation from instrument torque to viscosity will be incorrect. Practically speaking, the guard leg has the greatest effect when used with the #1 & #2 spindles of the LV and RV spindle sets (Note: RV/HA/HB #1 spindle is not included in standard spindle set). Any other LV (#3 & #4) or RV (#3 - #7) spindle can be used in a 600 mL beaker with or without the guard leg to produce correct results. The HA and HB series Viscometers/Rheometers are not supplied with guard legs in order to reduce the potential problems when measuring high viscosity materials. HA/ HB spindles #3 through #7 are identical to those spindle numbers in the RV spindle set. The HA/HB #1 & #2 have slightly different dimensions than the corresponding RV spindles. This dimensional difference allows the factors between the RV and HA/HB #1 & #2 spindles to follow the same ratios as the instrument torque even though the boundary conditions are different. The recommended procedures of using a 600 mL beaker and the guard leg are difficult for some customers to follow. The guard leg is one more item to clean. In some applications the 500 mL of test fluid required to immerse the spindles in a 600 mL beaker is not available. In practice, a smaller vessel may be used and the guard leg is removed. The Brookfield Viscometer/Rheometer will produce an accurate...
  • Page 113 The guard leg is a part of the calibration check of the Brookfield LV and RV series Viscometer/ Rheometer. Our customers should be aware of its existence, its purpose and the effect that it may have on data. With this knowledge, the rheometer user may make modifications to the recommended method of operation to suit their needs. B-20Y B-21Y Guard Leg Guard Leg For RV Torque For LV Torque 5 9/32 4 11/16 3 3/16 1 7/16 Figure G-1 - Brookfield Guard Leg...

  • Page 114: Appendix H: Speed Selection

    Appendix H - Speed Selection Brookfield Rheometers offer a variety of speeds to provide for a wide range of viscosity measurement capabilities. Brookfield has traditionally supplied a defined set of speeds with specific Torque ranges: 0.3, 0.6, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12, 30, 60 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 4.0, 5.0, 10, 20, 50, 100 The DV3T and earlier Brookfield DV-III Series Rheometers offer additional speeds to enhance measurement capabilities. The DV3T offers speeds from 0.01 - 250 RPM with two options for speed selection: numeric key pad for direct entry; Scroll List. The user can choose from these two entry options by using the Navigation Bar (see Section IV.3: Global Settings). The Scroll List is the format used with previous versions of the DV-III rheometer. You may choose the Scroll List to provide the rheometer user with a familiar method for speed selection. The Scroll List can be customized to limit the available speeds and to add new speeds to the list of standard speeds. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 114 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 115: Appendix I: Laboratory Stand

    Appendix I - Laboratory Stands Model G is the standard laboratory stand which comes with the DV3T Rheometer. Item Part No. Description VS-CRA-14S Upright Rod and Clamp Assembly VS-CRA-18S Upright Rod and Clamp Assembly Optional GV-1201 Base, includes 2 GV-1203 leveling screws GV-1203 Leveling Screws available separately or in assembly above 2 502028071S33B Flat Washer 5/16 X 7/8 X .071 50S311832S01B Screw, 5/16 - 18 X 1” Hex Head Figure I-1: Model G Laboratory Stand Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 115 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 116 Model QB is an optional laboratory stand which can be ordered for use with the DV3T Rheometer. The advantage is the rapid speed of movement for lowering and raising the rheometer head. Item Part No. Description VSQA-100Y Upright Rod and Clamp Assembly GV-1201 Base, includes 2 GV-1203 leveling screws 502028071S33B Flat Washer 5/16 X 7/8 X .071 50S311832S01B Screw, 5/16 - 18 X 1” Hex Head GV-1203 Leveling Screws available separately or in assembly above 2 Figure I-2: Model QB Laboratory Stand Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 116 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 117 Caution: Do not use the DV3T Rheometer with any laboratory stand that does not utilize the GV-1201 base. This large base is necessary for stability of the DV3T Rheometer during use. Earlier versions of the Brookfield Laboratory Stand including the Model A and Model S should not be used with the DV3T.

  • Page 118: Appendix J: Dve-50A Probe Clip

    LV Guard Leg RTD Temperature Probe Assembly B-20KY DVE–50 Probe Clip Probe Clip DVE-50 R TD Temperatur e Probe Brookfield 600 mL Low Form Griffin Beaker Figure J-3 Figure J-2 Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 118 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 119: Appendix K: Screen Protector

    A failure to properly install the screen protector may result in a disabled touch screen. Step 1: • Turn off the DV3T rheometer (power down) prior to installation. • Clean the DV3T touch screen with the screen cloth prior to installation. Any debris, dust, or oil on the touch screen may prevent proper adhesion of the screen protector. • Identify Tab 1 and Tab 2 prior to removing any protective layer.
  • Page 120 • DO NOT use the soft card to push the screen protector under the bezel (frame). If the screen protector is not properly aligned, remove and reapply. Two screen protectors are provided in this package in case the first attempt is unsuccessful. • Test the viscometer (power on) to ensure that the screen protector is properly attached. The screen protector is properly aligned if the DV3T Rheometer responds normally to a touch on the touch screen. If the DV3T Rheometer is unresponsive to touch then remove the screen protector and reapply. Figure K-5 Removal of the Screen Protector The screen protector should be replaced when it has become dirty. It can be easily removed from the DV3T Rheometer by hand. The upper right hand corner of the screen protector has a small angle cut. Use a finger nail or blunt object to pry the screen protector away from the touch screen and peel it of the touch screen.

  • Page 121: Appendix L: Fault Diagnosis And Troubleshooting

    ✓ Verify spindle, speed and model selection. ✓ Verify spindle selection is correct on DV3T. ✓ If % readings are under-range (less than 10%), the display will flash; change spindle and/or speed. ✓ “ ” on the digital display means the unit is over-range (greater than 100%); reduce speed EEEE and/or change spindle. ✓ Verify test parameters: temperature, container, volume, method. Refer to: • “More Solutions to Sticky Problems”, Section III • “DV3T Rheometer Operating Instructions”, A ppendix C: Variables in Viscosity Measurements ✓ Perform a calibration check; follow the instructions in Appendix F. ✓ Verify tolerances are calculated correctly. ✓ Verify the calibration check procedures were followed exactly. If the unit is found to be out of tolerance, the unit may be in need of service. See Appendix O for details on Warranty Repair and Service. Rheometer Will Not Return to Zero ❏ ✓ Rheometer is not level • Check with spindle out of the sample. • Adjust the laboratory stand.
  • Page 122 If the digital display does not return to ZERO, the unit most likely is in need of service. • Perform calibration check (see Appendix F). • Contact Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. or your Brookfield dealer for repair (see Appendix O). * This procedure does not apply to instruments with ball bearing suspension (see Section I.3). Display Reading Will Not Stabilize ❏ ✓ Special characteristic of sample fluid. There is no problem with the rheometer. • Refer to Appendix C. ✓ Check for erratic spindle rotation. • Verify power supply • Contact Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. or your Brookfield dealer for repair. ✓ Bent spindle or spindle coupling. • Contact Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. or your Brookfield dealer for repair. ✓ Temperature fluctuation in sample fluid. • Use temperature bath for control. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 122 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 123: Appendix M: Instrument Dimensions

    Appendix M - Instrument Dimensions Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 123 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...

  • Page 124: Appendix N: Online Help And Additional Resources

    Brookfield has its own YouTube channel. Videos posted to our website can be found here as well as other “home-made” videos made by our own technical sales group. ViscosityJournal.com Brookfield is involved with a satellite website that should be your first stop in viscosity research.

  • Page 125: Appendix O: Warranty Repair And Service

    Suite 905, South Tower, Xindacheng Plaza 193 Guangzhou Da Dao Bei, Yuexiu District Guangzhou, 510075 P. R. China Telephone: (86) 20/3760-0548 FAX: (86) 20/3760-0548 www.brookfield.com.cn On-site service at your facility is also available from Brookfield. Please contact our Service Department in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany or China for details. Brookfield Engineering Labs., Inc. Page 125 Manual No. M13-167-A0415...
  • Page 126 This tear-off sheet is a typical example of recorded test data. Please photocopy and retain this template so that additional copies may be made as needed.

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