Table 144 Allowed Ip Address Range By Class; Table 145 "Natural" Masks; Subnet Masks - ZyXEL Communications P-660HWP-D1 User Manual

Appendix D IP Subnetting
IP Address Classes and Network ID
The value of the first octet of an IP address determines the class of an address.
• Class A addresses have a 0 in the leftmost bit.
• Class B addresses have a 1 in the leftmost bit and a 0 in the next leftmost bit.
• Class C addresses start with 1 1 0 in the first three leftmost bits.
• Class D addresses begin with 1 1 1 0. Class D addresses are used for multicasting, which is
used to send information to groups of computers.
• There is also a class E. It is reserved for future use.
The following table shows the allowed ranges for the first octet of each class. This range
determines the number of subnets you can have in a network.

Table 144 Allowed IP Address Range By Class

CLASS
Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E
(reserved)

Subnet Masks

A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits
are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation).
A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a "1" then the corresponding bit in the
IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is "0" then the
corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID.
Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just like IP addresses. The "natural"
masks for class A, B and C IP addresses are as follows.

Table 145 "Natural" Masks

CLASS
A
B
C
Subnetting
With subnetting, the class arrangement of an IP address is ignored. For example, a class C
address no longer has to have 24 bits of network number and 8 bits of host ID. With
subnetting, some of the host ID bits are converted into network number bits.
334
ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST OCTET (BINARY)
00000000 to 01111111
10000000 to 10111111
11000000 to 11011111
11100000 to 11101111
11110000 to 11111111
NATURAL MASK
255.0.0.0
255.255.0.0
255.255.255.0
ALLOWED RANGE OF FIRST
OCTET (DECIMAL)
0 to 127
128 to 191
192 to 223
224 to 239
240 to 255
P-660HWP-D1 User's Guide