Kia Carnival 2023 Owner's Manual page 539

Maintenance
performance which all passenger vehicle
tires must meet under the Federal Motor
Vehicle Safety Standard No. 109. Grades
B and A represent higher levels of per-
formance on the laboratory test wheel
than the minimum required by law.
Tire terminology and definitions
Refer to the following for detailed defini-
tions of the terms that are found in the
tire description.
Air Pressure The amount of air inside
the tire pressing outward on the tire. Air
pressure is expressed in pounds per
square inch (psi) or kilopascal (kPa).
Accessory Weight The combined
weight of optional accessories. Some
examples of optional accessories are
automatic transmission, power seats,
and air conditioning.
Aspect Ratio The relationship of a tire's
height to its width.
Belt A rubber coated layer of cords that
is located between the plies and the
tread. Cords may be made from steel or
other reinforcing materials.
Bead The tire bead contains steel wires
wrapped by steel cords that hold the tire
onto the rim.
Bias Ply Tire A pneumatic tire in which
the plies are laid at alternate angles less
than 90 degrees to the centerline of the
tread.
Cold Tire Pressure The amount of air
pressure in a tire, measured in pounds
per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kPa)
before a tire has built up heat from driv-
ing.
Curb Weight The weight of a motor
vehicle with standard and optional
equipment (including the maximum
capacity of fuel, oil and coolant), but
without passengers and cargo.
7 38
DOT Markings A code molded into the
sidewall of a tire signifying that the tire is
in compliance with the U.S. Department
of Transportation motor vehicle safety
standards. The DOT code includes the
Tire Identification Number (TIN), an
alphanumeric designator which can also
identify the tire manufacturer, produc-
tion plant, brand and date of production.
GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
GAWR FRT Gross Axle Weight Rating
for the Front axle.
GAWR RR Gross Axle Weight Rating for
the Rear axle.
Intended Outboard Sidewall The side
of an asymmetrical tire that must always
face outward when mounted on a vehi-
cle.
Kilopascal (kPa) The metric unit for air
pressure.
Light truck (LT) tire A tire designated
by its manufacturer as primarily
intended for use on lightweight trucks or
multipurpose passenger vehicles.
Load rating The maximum load that a
tire is rated to carry for a given inflation
pressure.
Load Index An assigned number rang-
ing from 1 to 279 that corresponds to the
load carrying capacity of a tire.
Maximum Inflation Pressure The maxi-
mum air pressure to which a cold tire
may be inflated. The maximum air pres-
sure is molded onto the sidewall.
Maximum Load Rating The load rating
for a tire at the maximum permissible
inflation pressure for that tire.
Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight The
sum of curb weight; accessory weight;
vehicle capacity weight; and production
options weight.
Tires and wheels