Minimize Voltage Step Between Adjacent Channels; Avoid Scanning Faster Than Necessary; Example 1; Example 2 - National Instruments NI 6221 User Manual

Chapter 4 Analog Input

Avoid Scanning Faster Than Necessary

M Series User Manual

Minimize Voltage Step between Adjacent Channels

When scanning between channels that have the same input range, the
settling time increases with the voltage step between the channels. If you
know the expected input range of your signals, you can group signals with
similar expected ranges together in your scan list.
For example, suppose all channels in a system use a –5 to 5 V input range.
The signals on channels 0, 2, and 4 vary between 4.3 V and 5 V. The signals
on channels 1, 3, and 5 vary between –4 V and 0 V. Scanning channels in
the order 0, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5 produces more accurate results than scanning
channels in the order 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Designing your system to scan at slower speeds gives the NI-PGIA more
time to settle to a more accurate level. Here are two examples to consider.

Example 1

Averaging many AI samples can increase the accuracy of the reading by
decreasing noise effects. In general, the more points you average, the more
accurate the final result. However, you may choose to decrease the number
of points you average and slow down the scanning rate.
Suppose you want to sample 10 channels over a period of 20 ms and
average the results. You could acquire 500 points from each channel at a
scan rate of 250 kS/s. Another method would be to acquire 1,000 points
from each channel at a scan rate of 500 kS/s. Both methods take the same
amount of time. Doubling the number of samples averaged (from 500 to
1,000) decreases the effect of noise by a factor of 1.4 (the square root of 2).
However, doubling the number of samples (in this example) decreases the
time the NI-PGIA has to settle from 4 µs to 2 µs. In some cases, the slower
scan rate system returns more accurate results.

Example 2

If the time relationship between channels is not critical, you can sample
from the same channel multiple times and scan less frequently. For
example, suppose an application requires averaging 100 points from
channel 0 and averaging 100 points from channel 1. You could alternate
reading between channels—that is, read one point from channel 0, then one
point from channel 1, and so on. You also could read all 100 points from
channel 0 then read 100 points from channel 1. The second method
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