Commodore Amiga A500 Manuals

Manuals and User Guides for Commodore Amiga A500. We have 4 Commodore Amiga A500 manuals available for free PDF download: Hardware Reference Manual, Technical Reference Manual, User Manual

Commodore Amiga A500 Hardware Reference Manual (380 pages)

Brand: Commodore | Category: Desktop | Size: 2.04 MB

Reference Manual
1
Table of Contents
2
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

10
Chapter 2 COPROCESSOR HARDWARE

22
- Introduction
  22
  - About this Chapter
    23
- What Is a Copper Instruction
  23
- The MOVE Instruction
  24
- The WAIT Instruction
  26
  - Horizontal Beam Position
    27
  - Vertical Beam Position
    27
  - The Comparison Enable Bits
    28
- Using the Copper Registers
  29
  - Location Registers
    29
  - Jump Strobe Address
    30
  - Control Register
    30
- Putting Together a Copper Instruction List
  31
  - Complete Sample Copper List
    33
  - Loops and Branches
    34
- Starting and Stopping the Copper
  34
  - Starting the Copper after Reset
    34
  - Stopping the Copper
    35
- Advanced Topics
  36
- Summary of Copper Instructions
  41
- Table 2-2 Copper Instruction Summary
  41
Chapter 3 PLAYIELD HARDWARE

42
Chapter 4 SPRITE HARDWARE

102
- Introduction
  102
  - About this Chapter
    103
- Forming a Sprite
  103
  - Screen Position
    103
  - Figure 4-1 Defining Sprite On-Screen Position
    104
  - Figure 4-2 Position of Sprites
    105
  - Size of Sprites
    106
  - Shape of Sprites
    106
  - Figure 4-3 Shape of Spaceship
    106
  - Sprite Color
    107
  - Figure 4-4 Sprite with Spaceship Shape Defined
    107
  - Figure 4-5 Sprite Color Definition
    108
  - Figure 4-6 Color Register Assignments
    109
  - Designing a Sprite
    110
  - Building the Data Structure
    110
  - Table 4-1 Sprite Data Structure
    111
  - Figure 4-7 Data Structure Layout
    112
  - Table 4-2 Sprite Color Registers
    114
- Displaying a Sprite
  115
- Moving a Sprite
  119
- Creating Additional Sprites
  120
  - Sprite Priority
    121
  - Figure 4-8 Sprite Priority
    121
  - Table 4-3 Color Registers for Sprite Pairs
    121
- Reusing Sprite DMA Channels
  122
- Figure 4-9 Typical Example of Sprite Reuse
  122
- Figure 4-10 Typical Data Structure for Sprite Re-Use
  123
- Overlapped Sprites
  124
- Figure 4-11 Overlapping Sprites (Not Attached)
  125
- Attached Sprites
  126
- Figure 4-12 Placing Sprites Next to each Other
  126
- Table 4-4 Data Words for First Line of Spaceship Sprite
  127
- Table 4-5 Color Registers in Attached Sprites
  128
- Manual Mode
  129
- Sprite Hardware Details
  130
- Figure 4-13 Sprite Control Circuitry
  131
- Summary of Sprite Registers
  133
  - Pointers
    133
  - Control Registers
    133
  - Data Registers
    135
- Summary of Sprite Color Registers
  135
Chapter 5 AUDIO HARDWARE

138
- Introduction
  138
  - Introducing Sound Generation
    139
  - Figure 5-1 Sine Waveform
    140
  - The Amiga Sound Hardware
    142
  - Figure 5-2 Digitized Amplitude Values
    142
- Forming and Playing a Sound
  143
  - Deciding Which Channel to Use
    143
  - Creating the Waveform Data
    143
  - Table 5-1 Sample Audio Data Set for Channel 0
    144
  - Telling the System about the Data
    145
  - Selecting the Volume
    145
  - Selecting the Data Output Rate
    146
  - Table 5-2 Volume Values
    146
  - Figure 5-3 Example Sine Wave
    148
  - Playing the Waveform
    149
  - Stopping the Audio Dma
    150
  - Table 5-3 DMA and Audio Channel Enable Bits
    150
  - Summary
    151
  - Example
    151
- Producing Complex Sounds
  152
  - Joining Tones
    152
  - Playing Multiple Tones at the same Time
    154
  - Modulating Sound
    154
  - Table 5-4 Data Interpretation in Attach Mode
    155
  - Table 5-5 Channel Attachment for Modulation
    156
- Producing High-Quality Sound
  157
  - Making Waveform Transitions
    157
  - Sampling Rate
    157
  - Efficiency
    158
  - Figure 5-4 Waveform with Multiple Cycles
    158
  - Noise Reduction
    159
  - Aliasing Distortion
    159
  - Figure 5-5 Frequency Domain Plot of Low-Pass Filter
    160
  - Figure 5-6 Noise-Free Output (no Aliasing Distortion)
    160
  - Low-Pass Filter
    161
  - Figure 5-7 some Aliasing Distortion
    161
- Using Direct (Non-DMA) Audio Output
  162
- Table 5-6 Sampling Rate and Frequency Relationship
  162
- The Equal-Tempered Musical Scale
  163
- Table 5-7 Equal-Tempered Octave for a 16 Byte Sample
  163
- Table 5-8 Five Octave Even-Tempered Scale
  165
- Decibel Values for Volume Ranges
  168
- Table 5-9 Decibel Values and Volume Ranges
  168
- The Audio State Machine
  169
- Figure 5-8 Audio State Diagram
  171
Chapter 6 BLITTER HARDWARE

172
- Introduction
  172
- Memory Layout
  173
- DMA Channels
  173
- Figure 6-1 How Images Are Stored in Memory
  174
- Figure 6-2 Bltxp and Bltxmod Calculations
  176
- Function Generator
  177
- Shifts and Masks
  182
- Figure 6-4 Extracting a Range of Columns
  184
- Descending Mode
  185
- Copying Arbitrary Regions
  186
- Area Fill Mode
  187
- Figure 6-5 Use of the FCI Bit - Bit Is a 0
  188
- Figure 6-6 Use of the FCI Bit - Bit Is a 1
  188
- Blitter Done Flag
  189
  - Figure 6-7 Single-Point Vertex Example
    189
  - Multitasking and the Blitter
    190
- Interrupt Flag
  190
- Zero Flag
  191
- Pipeline Register
  191
- Table 6-2 Typical Blitter Cycle Sequence
  192
- Line Mode
  193
- Blitter Speed
  197
- Blitter Operations and System DMA
  198
- Figure 6-9 DMA Time Slot Allocation
  199
- Figure 6-10 Norma 68000 Cycle
  200
- Figure 6-11 Time Slots Used by a Six Bit Plane Display
  201
- Figure 6-12 Time Slots Used by a High Resolution Display
  201
- Blitter Block Diagram
  202
- Figure 6-13 Blitter Block Diagram
  203
- Blitter Key Points
  204
  - EXAMPLE: Clearmem
    204
  - EXAMPLE: Simpleline
    206
  - EXAMPLE: Rotatebits
    208
Chapter 7 SYSTEM CONTROL HARDWARE

210
- Introduction
  210
- Video Priorities
  211
  - Fixed Sprite Priorites
    211
  - Figure 7-1 Inter-Sprite Fixed Priorities
    211
  - How Sprites Are Grouped
    212
  - Understanding Video Priorities
    212
  - Figure 7-2 Analogy for Video Priority
    212
  - Setting the Priority Control Register
    213
  - Table 7-1 Bits in BPLCON2
    213
  - Figure 7-3 Sprite Playfield Priority
    215
- Collision Detection
  216
  - How Collisions Are Determined
    216
  - How to Interpret the Collision Data
    217
  - Table 7-3 CLXDAT Bits
    217
  - How Collision Detection Is Controlled
    218
  - Table 7-4 CLXCON Bits
    218
- Beam Position Detection
  219
  - Using the Beam Position Counter
    219
- Interrupts
  220
  - Table 7-5 Contents of the Beam Position Counter
    220
  - Interrupt Control Registers
    221
  - Maskable Interrupts
    221
  - Nonmaskable Interrupt
    221
  - User Interface to the Interrupt System
    221
  - Setting and Clearing Bits
    222
  - Figure 7-4 Interrupt Priorities
    225
- DMA Control
  226
- Processor Access to Chip Memory
  226
- Table 7-6 Contents of DMA Register
  227
- Reset and Early Startup Operation
  228
Chapter 8 INTERFACE HARDWARE

230
Appendix A Register Summary-Alphabetical Order

266
Appendix B Register Summary-Address Order

290
Appendix C Custom Chip Pin Allocation List

298
Appendix D System Memory Map

302
Appendix E Interfaces

304
Appendix F Complex Interface Adapters

326
- 8520 Complex Interface Adaptor Cia) Chips
  326
- Chip Register Map
  328
- Register Functional Description
  329
  - I/O Ports (Pra, Prb, Ddra, Ddrb)
    329
  - Handshaking
    329
  - Interval Timers (Timer A, Timer B)
    329
  - Input Modes
    331
  - BIT NAMES on READ-Register
    331
  - BIT NAMES on WRITE-Register
    331
- Time of Day Clock
  332
  - BIT NAMES for WRITE TIME/ALARM or READ TIME
    332
- Serial Shift Register (SDR)
  333
  - Input Mode
    333
  - Output Mode
    333
  - Bidirectional Feature
    334
- Interrupt Control Register (ICR)
  334
  - Read Interrupt Control Register
    335
  - Write Interrupt Control Mask
    335
- Control Registers
  336
  - Control Register a
    336
  - Bit Map of Register Cra
    337
  - Bit Map of Register Crb
    338
- Port Signal Assignments
  338
- Hardware Connection Details
  341
  - Interface Signals
    341
Appendix G AUTOCONFIG

344
Appendix H Keyboard

352
- Keyboard Communications
  353
- Keycodes
  354
- Caps Lock Key
  354
- Out-Of-Sync" Condition
  355
- Power-Up Sequence
  355
- Reset Warning
  357
- Hard Reset
  357
- Special Codes
  358
- Matrix Table
  359
Appendix I External Disk Connector Interface Spec

362
- General
  362
- Summary Table
  363
- Signals When Driving a Disk
  364
- Device I.D
  366
Appendix J Hardware Example Include File

368
- Glossary
  374

Commodore Amiga A500 Technical Reference Manual (283 pages)

Brand: Commodore | Category: Desktop | Size: 161.48 MB

Commodore Amiga A500 Technical Reference Manual (239 pages)

Brand: Commodore | Category: Desktop | Size: 1.02 MB

Table of Contents
3
Section 1 Summary of Differences
4
The Keyboard
5
System Block Diagrams

16
- Design Guidelines
  23
3.2 Driver Documentation

58
3.1 Designing Hardware for the Amiga Expansion

58
Software for Amiga Expansion

58
3.4 Amiga Expansion Connectors

104
- Video Slot
  104
- Register Description
  118
4.1 Description of the PC/XT Emulator for the Amiga 2000

124
- BIOS Entry Points
  124
  - Section 5 Amiga Hard Disk/Scsi Controller
    162
  - Section 6 Custom Chips
    166
  - Host Interface
    171
4.3 Janus Library

190
- Fat Agnus Chip
  190
- Functional Description
  220
7.1 Clock/Calendar Registers

228
Power Budgets

228
- A2000 PAL Equations
  232

Commodore Amiga A500 User Manual (29 pages)

Diagnostic Kit

Brand: Commodore | Category: Diagnostic Equipment | Size: 4.06 MB

Table of Contents
5
Introduction
6
How to Use
7
Connecting the Amiga Diagnostic Box
8
A2000: Inserting the Amiga Diagnostic Module
9
A2000: Connecting Power
10
A500: Inserting the Amiga Diagnostic Module
11
A500: Connecting Power
11
How the Test Works
12
Differences between ROM- and Disk-Test
13
Connecting a Terminal
13
Detailed Testdiscription
14
Error Code Table
18

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Commodore Amiga A500 Manuals

Commodore Amiga A500 Hardware Reference Manual (380 pages)

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Chapter 2 COPROCESSOR HARDWARE

Chapter 3 PLAYIELD HARDWARE

Chapter 4 SPRITE HARDWARE

Chapter 5 AUDIO HARDWARE

Chapter 6 BLITTER HARDWARE

Chapter 7 SYSTEM CONTROL HARDWARE

Chapter 8 INTERFACE HARDWARE

Appendix A Register Summary-Alphabetical Order

Appendix B Register Summary-Address Order

Appendix C Custom Chip Pin Allocation List

Appendix D System Memory Map

Appendix E Interfaces

Appendix F Complex Interface Adapters

Appendix G AUTOCONFIG

Appendix H Keyboard

Appendix I External Disk Connector Interface Spec

Appendix J Hardware Example Include File

Commodore Amiga A500 Technical Reference Manual (283 pages)

Commodore Amiga A500 Technical Reference Manual (239 pages)

Table of Contents

System Block Diagrams

3.2 Driver Documentation

3.1 Designing Hardware for the Amiga Expansion

Software for Amiga Expansion

3.4 Amiga Expansion Connectors

4.1 Description of the PC/XT Emulator for the Amiga 2000

4.3 Janus Library

7.1 Clock/Calendar Registers

Power Budgets

Commodore Amiga A500 User Manual (29 pages)

Table of Contents

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