FLIR T420-NIST User Manual
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FLIR T420-NIST User Manual

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User's manual
Publ. No.
T559772
Revision
a593
Language
English (EN)
Issue date
March 16, 2012
netzerotools.com
netzerotools.com
FLIR Txxx series
netzerotools.com

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Summary of Contents for FLIR T420-NIST

  • Page 1 User’s manual FLIR Txxx series Publ. No. T559772 Revision a593 Language English (EN) Issue date March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...
  • Page 2 Flir T640 Infrared Camera With 15 Degree Lens Flir T640 Infrared Camera With 45 Degree Lens Flir T640 Infrared Camera With NIST Calibration And 25 Degree Lens Flir T640 Infrared Camera With NIST Calibration And 15 Degree Lens Flir T640 Infrared Camera With NIST Calibration And 45 Degree Lens...
  • Page 3 netzerotools.com User’s manual Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...
  • Page 4 FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply. FLIR Systems will, at its option, repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if, upon inspection, it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one-year period.
  • Page 5 NOT FAULT TOLERANT. THE SOFTWARE IS NOT FAULT TOLERANT. FLIR Systems AB HAS INDEPENDENTLY DETERMINED HOW TO USE THE SOFTWARE IN THE DEVICE, AND MS HAS RELIED UPON FLIR Systems AB TO CONDUCT SUFFICIENT TESTING TO DETERMINE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR SUCH USE.
  • Page 6 netzerotools.com Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    netzerotools.com Table of contents Warnings & Cautions ........................Notice to user ..........................Customer help ..........................Documentation updates ......................... Important note about this manual ....................Quick Start Guide ........................... Parts lists ............................Contents of the transport case ..................... List of accessories ........................ A note about ergonomics ......................
  • Page 8 25.3 Oxidized socket ........................25.4 Insulation deficiencies ......................25.5 Draft ............................26 About FLIR Systems ........................26.1 More than just an infrared camera ..................26.2 Sharing our knowledge ......................viii Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012...
  • Page 9 netzerotools.com 26.3 Supporting our customers ....................26.4 A few images from our facilities ................... 27 Glossary ............................28 Thermographic measurement techniques ................... 28.1 Introduction .......................... 28.2 Emissivity ..........................28.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample ............... 28.2.1.1 Step 1: Determining reflected apparent temperature ....... 28.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity ...........
  • Page 10 netzerotools.com Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 11: Warnings & Cautions

    netzerotools.com Warnings & Cautions (Applies only to Class A digital devices.) This equipment generates, uses, and WARNING ■ can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interference to radio communications. It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial...
  • Page 12 Do not attach the batteries directly to a car’s cigarette lighter socket, unless a ■ specific adapter for connecting the batteries to a cigarette lighter socket is provided by FLIR Systems. Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery ■...
  • Page 13 (Applies only to FLIR A3xx f/A3xx pt series cameras.) ■ Except as described in this manual, do not open the FLIR A3xx pt/A3xx f series ■ camera for any reason. Disassembly of the camera (including removal of the cover) can cause permanent damage and will void the warranty.
  • Page 14 GF309 operators. For more in- formation about obtaining the training and certification you require, contact your FLIR sales representative or itc at www.infraredtraining.com. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012...

  • Page 15: Notice To User

    As with most electronic products, this equipment must be disposed of in an environ- mentally friendly way, and in accordance with existing regulations for electronic waste. Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012...

  • Page 16: Customer Help

    Customer help General For customer help, visit: http://support.flir.com Submitting a To submit a question to the customer help team, you must be a registered user. It question only takes a few minutes to register online. If you only want to search the knowledge- base for existing questions and answers, you do not need to be a registered user.

  • Page 17: Documentation Updates

    To access the latest manuals and notifications, go to the Download tab at: http://support.flir.com It only takes a few minutes to register online. In the download area you will also find the latest releases of manuals for our other products, as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products.

  • Page 18: Important Note About This Manual

    Important note about this manual General FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model line. This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model. NOTE...

  • Page 19: Quick Start Guide

    netzerotools.com Quick Start Guide Procedure Follow this procedure to get started right away: Charge the battery for four hours. Insert the battery into the camera. Insert an SD Memory Card into the card slot at the bottom of the camera. Push the On/Off button to turn on the camera.

  • Page 20: Parts Lists

    Warranty extension card ■ * The inclusion of this item is dependent on model. NOTE: FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, parts or accessories, and other items, or to change specifications at any time without prior notice. List of accessories This section contains a list of accessories that you can purchase for your camera.
  • Page 21 19250-100 IR Window 2 in ■ 19251-100 IR Window 3 in. ■ 19252-100 IR Window 4 in. ■ APP-10000 FLIR Viewer (iPad/iPhone Application) ■ APP-10001 FLIR Remote (iPad/iPhone Application) ■ DSW-10000 FLIR IR Camera Player ■ ITC-ADV-3021 ITC Advanced General Thermography Course - attendance, 1 pers.
  • Page 22 ITC-SOW-0001 ITC Software course - attendance 1 pers. (per day) ■ ITC-SOW-0009 ITC Software course - group up to 10 pers. (per day) ■ ITC-SOW-1001 ITC Training FLIR Software - attendance 1 pers. (1 day) ■ ITC-SOW-2001 ITC Training FLIR Software - attendance 1 pers. (2 days) ■...
  • Page 23 T910973 MO297: Moisture meter, pinless with memory ■ NOTE: FLIR Systems reserves the right to discontinue models, parts or accessories, and other items, or to change specifications at any time without prior notice. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012...

  • Page 24: Note About Ergonomics

    netzerotools.com A note about ergonomics General To prevent strain injuries, it is important that you hold the camera ergonomically correct. This section gives advice and examples on how to hold the camera. NOTE Please note the following: Always adjust the angle of the lens to suit your work position. ■...

  • Page 25: Camera Parts

    netzerotools.com Camera parts Rear view Figure 10758903;a2 Explanation This table explains the figure above: Touch screen LCD. Antenna for wireless communication. Digital zoom button. Programmable button. Joystick: Move up/down or left/right to navigate on menus, in dialog boxes, and in the image archive. Push to confirm choices. Menu/Back button: Push to display the menu on the screen, and to go back in dialog boxes.
  • Page 26 netzerotools.com 9 – Camera parts Mode button: Push to display the mode selector and select a camera mode. The modes that can be selected are: Thermal camera: Using this mode, the camera captures infrared images. ■ Digital camera: Using this mode, the camera captures visual images. ■...

  • Page 27: Front View

    netzerotools.com 9 – Camera parts Front view Figure 10759003;a2 Explanation This table explains the figure above: Laser pointer button: Push to activate the laser pointer. This button has two main functions: 1 Preview/Save: Push the button fully down to save an infrared image and a digital photo simultaneously.
  • Page 28 netzerotools.com 9 – Camera parts Infrared lens. NOTE The laser pointer may not be enabled in all markets. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 29: Bottom View

    netzerotools.com 9 – Camera parts Bottom view Figure 10759103;a2 Explanation This table explains the figure above: Tripod mount 1/4"-20 Release button for the cover to the connector bay Cover for the connector bay Release button for the battery compartment cover Cover for the battery compartment Publ.

  • Page 30: Battery Condition Indicator

    netzerotools.com 9 – Camera parts Battery condition indicator General The battery has a battery condition indicator. Figure 10715703;a3 Explanation This table explains the battery condition indicator: Type of signal Explanation The green light flashes. The power supply or the stand-alone battery charger is charging the battery.

  • Page 31: Laser Pointer

    netzerotools.com 9 – Camera parts Laser pointer General The camera has a laser pointer. When the laser pointer is on, you can see a laser dot approximately 40 mm (1.57 in.) above the target. Figure This figure shows the difference in position between the laser pointer and the optical center of the infrared lens: 10759203;a2 WARNING...
  • Page 32 netzerotools.com 9 – Camera parts This product complies with 21 CFR 1040.10 and 1040.11 except for deviations pur- suant to Laser Notice No. 50, dated June 24, 2007. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 33: Screen Elements

    netzerotools.com Screen elements Figure 10760703;a2 Explanation This table explains the figure above: Back toolbar button. Mode toolbar button. Presets toolbar button. Tools toolbar button. Palette toolbar button. Parameters toolbar button. Result table. Measurement box. Measurement spotmeter. Various status and mode icons, e.g., Bluetooth, battery, USB, and compass. Measurement circle.

  • Page 34: Navigating The Menu System

    netzerotools.com Navigating the menu system Figure 10763703;a2 10763603;a2 Explanation The figure above shows the two ways to navigate the menu system in the camera: Using the index finger or a stylus pen to navigate the menu system (left). ■ Using the joystick to navigate the menu system (right). ■...

  • Page 35: External Devices And Storage Media

    netzerotools.com External devices and storage media Figure 10759303;a4 Explanation This table explains the figure above: To connect an external USB device to the camera, use a USB-A cable and this socket. To connect a computer to the camera to move images and files to and from the camera, use a USB Mini-B cable and this socket.

  • Page 36: Pairing Bluetooth Devices

    netzerotools.com Pairing Bluetooth devices General Before you can use a Bluetooth device with the camera, you need to pair the devices. Procedure Follow this procedure: Turn on the camera. Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Mode button and push the joystick.

  • Page 37: Fetching Data From External Extech Meters

    netzerotools.com Fetching data from external Extech meters General You can fetch data from an external Extech meter and merge this data into the result table in the infrared image. Figure T638370;a1 Extech Moisture Meter MO297 Supported Extech ■ Extech Clamp Meter EX845 meters ■...
  • Page 38 netzerotools.com 14 – Fetching data from external Extech meters On the meter, enable Bluetooth mode. Refer to the user documentation for the meter for information on how to do this. On the meter, choose the quantity that you want to use (voltage, current, resistance, etc.).

  • Page 39: Typical Moisture Measurement And Documentation Procedure

    netzerotools.com 14 – Fetching data from external Extech meters 14.1 Typical moisture measurement and documentation procedure General The following procedure can form the basis for other procedures using Extech meters and infrared cameras. Procedure Follow this procedure: Use the infrared camera to identify any potential damp areas behind walls and ceilings.

  • Page 40: Handling The Camera

    netzerotools.com Handling the camera 15.1 Charging the battery NOTE You must charge the battery for four hours before you start using the camera for the first time. General You must charge the battery when a low battery voltage warning is displayed on the screen.

  • Page 41: Using The Combined Power Supply And Battery Charger To Charge The Battery When It Is Inside The Camera

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.1.1 Using the combined power supply and battery charger to charge the battery when it is inside the camera NOTE For brevity, the ‘combined power supply and battery charger’ is called the ‘power supply’ below. Procedure Follow this procedure to use the power supply to charge the battery when it is inside the camera:...

  • Page 42: Using The Combined Power Supply And Battery Charger To Charge The Battery When It Is Outside The Camera

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.1.2 Using the combined power supply and battery charger to charge the battery when it is outside the camera NOTE For brevity, the ‘combined power supply and battery charger’ is called the ‘power supply’ below. Procedure Follow this procedure to use the power supply to charge the battery when it is outside the camera:...

  • Page 43: Using The Stand-Alone Battery Charger To Charge The Battery

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.1.3 Using the stand-alone battery charger to charge the battery Procedure Follow this procedure to use the stand-alone battery charger to charge the battery: Put the battery in the stand-alone battery charger. Connect the power supply cable plug to the connector on the stand-alone battery charger.

  • Page 44: Inserting The Battery

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.2 Inserting the battery NOTE Use a clean, dry cloth to remove any water or moisture on the battery before you insert Procedure Follow this procedure to insert the battery: Push the release button on the battery compartment cover to unlock it. 10759603;a1 Open the cover to the battery compartment.
  • Page 45 netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera Close the cover to the battery compartment. 10759903;a1 Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 46: Removing The Battery

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.3 Removing the battery Procedure Follow this procedure to remove the battery: Push the release button on the battery compartment cover to unlock it. 10759603;a1 Open the cover to the battery compartment. 10763903;a1 Push the red release button in the direction of the arrow to unlock the bat- tery.
  • Page 47 netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera Pull out the battery from the battery compartment. 10760103;a1 Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 48: Turning On And Turning Off The Camera

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.4 Turning on and turning off the camera To turn on the camera, push and release the On/Off button. ■ To turn off the camera, push and release the On/Off button. ■ Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 49: Adjusting The Angle Of Lens

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.5 Adjusting the angle of lens General To make your working position as comfortable as possible, you can adjust the angle of the lens. Figure 10760203;a2 Procedure To adjust the angle, tilt the lens up or down. Publ.

  • Page 50: Attaching The Sunshield

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.6 Attaching the sunshield General You can attach a sunshield to the camera to make the LCD screen easier to see in sunlight. Procedure Follow this procedure to attach the sunshield to the camera: Align the two front tabs of the sunshield with the corresponding two notches at the top of the screen.
  • Page 51 netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera Push the rear part of the sunshield toward the screen, and then release your grip. Make sure that the two tabs mate with the corresponding notches. 10765503;a2 Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 52: Using The Laser Pointer

    netzerotools.com 15 – Handling the camera 15.7 Using the laser pointer Figure 10760303;a2 Procedure Follow this procedure to use the laser pointer: To turn on the laser pointer, push and hold the laser pointer button. To turn off the laser pointer, release the laser pointer button. NOTE The laser pointer may not be enabled in all markets.

  • Page 53: Working With Images And Folders

    netzerotools.com Working with images and folders 16.1 Adjusting the infrared camera focus Procedure To adjust the infrared camera focus, do one of the following: Push the focus button left for far focus. ■ Push the focus button right for near focus. ■...

  • Page 54: Previewing An Image

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.2 Previewing an image General In preview mode, you can add various types of annotations to the image before you save it, such as a text, a table with textual information, a voice comment, a sketch, etc.

  • Page 55: Saving An Image

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.3 Saving an image General You can save one or more images to the SD Memory Card. Formatting For best performance, memory cards should be formatted to the FAT (FAT16) file memory cards system.

  • Page 56: Periodically Saving An Image

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.4 Periodically saving an image General You can periodically save images to the SD Memory card. Procedure Follow this procedure to periodically save an image: Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Mode button and push the joystick.

  • Page 57: Opening An Image

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.5 Opening an image General When you save an image, it is stored on the SD Memory Card. To display the image again, you can recall it from the SD Memory Card. Procedure Follow this procedure: Push the Archive button to display a thumbnail view of recently saved im-...

  • Page 58: Adjusting An Image Manually

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.6 Adjusting an image manually General An image can be adjusted automatically or manually. You use the A/M button to switch between these two modes Example 1 This figure shows two infrared images of cable connection points. In the left image a correct analysis of the circled cable is difficult if you only auto-adjust the image.
  • Page 59 netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders Example 2 This figure shows two infrared images of an isolator in a power line. In the left image, the cold sky and the power line structure are recorded at a minimum temperature of –26.0°C (–14.8°F).
  • Page 60 netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders Changing the Follow this procedure to change the temperature scale level: temperature scale Push the A/M button repeatedly to select one of the following manual modes: level Manual ■ Manual max. ■ Manual min.

  • Page 61: Hiding Overlay Graphics

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.7 Hiding overlay graphics General Overlay graphics provide information about an image. You can choose to hide some or all overlay graphics. Procedure Follow this procedure: Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Mode button and push the joystick.

  • Page 62: Deleting Images

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.8 Deleting images General You can delete one or more images from the SD Memory Card. Procedure Follow this procedure to delete an image: Push the Archive button. Select the image you want to delete by using the joystick. Push the joystick to open the image.

  • Page 63: Creating An Adobe Pdf Report

    netzerotools.com 16 – Working with images and folders 16.9 Creating an Adobe PDF report General You can create an Adobe PDF report about any image on the SD Memory Card. The report may include the following: The infrared image, including any associated visual image. ■...

  • Page 64: Working With Fusion

    netzerotools.com Working with fusion What is fusion? Fusion is a function that lets you display part of a digital photo as an infrared image. For example, you can set the camera to display all areas of an image that have a certain temperature in infrared, with all other areas displayed as a digital photo.
  • Page 65 netzerotools.com 17 – Working with fusion Image examples This table explains the four different types of fusion: Fusion type Image Above Below Interval Picture in Picture Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...
  • Page 66 netzerotools.com 17 – Working with fusion Procedure Follow this procedure to set up a fusion type: Push the Mode button to select one of the following: Thermal fusion ■ Picture-in-Picture ■ Push the A/M button to select one of the following: Above.

  • Page 67: Recording Video Clips

    ■ forge.net/projects/ffdshow. Codecs may also be available from http://www.free-codecs.com/. ■ FLIR Systems does not take any responsibility for the functionality of third-party ■ video players and codecs. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 68: Working With Measurement Tools And Isotherms

    netzerotools.com Working with measurement tools and isotherms 19.1 Setting up measurement tools General To measure the temperature, you use one or more measurement tools. This section gives you examples how you set up a spotmeter or an area. Procedure Follow this procedure to set up a spotmeter or an area: Push the Menu/Back button.

  • Page 69: Setting Up A Difference Calculation

    netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms 19.2 Setting up a difference calculation General You can let the camera calculate the temperature difference between, for example, a spotmeter and an area. This assumes that you have previously set up at least two measurement tools.

  • Page 70: Setting Up Isotherms

    netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms 19.3 Setting up isotherms General You can make the camera display an isotherm color when certain measurement conditions are met. The following isotherms can be set up: An isotherm color that is displayed when a temperature rises above a preset value. ■...
  • Page 71 netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms On the Tools menu, select Add isotherm and push the joystick. Select Interval. Do one of the following: Move the joystick up/down to set the temperature levels between which ■ you want the isotherm color to be displayed. Move the joystick left/right to set the temperature span within which you ■...
  • Page 72 netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms Setting up a Follow this procedure to set up an isotherm color that is displayed when the camera humidity isotherm detects an area where there may be a risk of humidity in a building structure: Push the Menu/Back button.

  • Page 73: Removing Measurement Tools

    netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms 19.4 Removing measurement tools Procedure Follow this procedure to remove a spotmeter or an area: Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Tools button and push the joystick. On the Tools menu, select Adjust tools and push the joystick.

  • Page 74: Moving Measurement Tools

    netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms 19.5 Moving measurement tools Procedure Follow this procedure to move a measurement tool: Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Tools button and push the joystick. On the Tools menu, select Adjust tools and push the joystick.

  • Page 75: Resizing Areas

    netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms 19.6 Resizing areas Procedure Follow this procedure to resize an area: Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Tools button and push the joystick. On the Tools menu, select Adjust tools and push the joystick.

  • Page 76: Changing Object Parameters

    netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms 19.7 Changing object parameters General For accurate measurements, you must set the object parameters. This procedure describes how to change the parameters. Types of The camera can use these object parameters: parameters Emissivity, which determines how much of the radiation originates from the object ■...
  • Page 77 netzerotools.com 19 – Working with measurement tools and isotherms Procedure Follow this procedure to change the object parameters globally: Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Parameters button and push the joystick. On the Parameters menu, select the parameter that you want to change and push the joystick.

  • Page 78: Annotating Images

    netzerotools.com Annotating images General This section describes how to save additional information to an infrared image by using annotations. The reason for using annotations is to make reporting and post-processing more efficient by providing essential information about the image, such as conditions, photos, sketches, where it was taken, and so on.

  • Page 79: Adding A Digital Photo Automatically

    When you save an infrared image you can automatically add a digital photo of the object of interest. This digital photo will be associated with the infrared image, which will simplify post-processing and reporting in, for example, FLIR Reporter. Procedure...

  • Page 80: Adding A Digital Photo Manually

    When you save an infrared image you can manually add a digital photo of the object of interest. This digital photo will be associated with the infrared image, which will simplify post-processing and reporting in, for example, FLIR Reporter. NOTE This section assumes that the camera is configured to always preview an image before saving it to the memory card.

  • Page 81: Adding A Voice Annotation

    The voice annotation is recorded using a Bluetooth microphone headset. The recording can be played back in the camera, and in image analysis and reporting software from FLIR Systems. NOTE This section assumes that the camera is configured to always preview an image before saving it to the memory card.

  • Page 82: Adding A Table

    netzerotools.com 20 – Annotating images 20.4 Adding a table General A table with textual information can be saved in an infrared image. This feature is a very efficient way of recording information when you are inspecting a large number of similar objects. The idea behind using a table with textual informa- tion is to avoid filling out forms or inspection protocols manually.
  • Page 83 netzerotools.com 20 – Annotating images On the menu that is displayed, select Table and push the joystick. This will display a tabular form. T639496;a1 Use the joystick to select one of the labels (e.g., Site, Location, Object), then push the joystick. This will display a dialog box where you can create new or edit existing values.

  • Page 84: Adding An Text

    netzerotools.com 20 – Annotating images 20.5 Adding an text General You can add a free-text description that is saved in the infrared image. NOTE This section assumes that the camera is configured to always preview an image before saving it to the memory card. To configure the camera to always preview, follow this procedure: Push the Menu/Back button.

  • Page 85: Adding A Sketch

    netzerotools.com 20 – Annotating images 20.6 Adding a sketch General A sketch is freehand drawing that you create on a drawing board separate from the infrared image using your index finger or a stylus pen. You can use the sketch feature to create a simple drawing, write down comments, dimensions, etc.

  • Page 86: Changing Settings

    netzerotools.com Changing settings 21.1 Changing camera settings General On this tab you can change the following: Temperature range, i.e. the temperature range used for measuring objects. You ■ must change the temperature range according to the expected temperature of the object you are inspecting. Add-on lens.

  • Page 87: Changing Preferences

    netzerotools.com 21 – Changing settings 21.2 Changing preferences General On this tab you can change the following: Save button. ■ Simultaneously save photo. ■ Same field of view. ■ Programmable button. ■ Visibility of overlay graphics. ■ Procedure Follow this procedure to change one or more of the aforementioned settings: Push the Menu/Back button.

  • Page 88: Changing Connectivity

    netzerotools.com 21 – Changing settings 21.3 Changing connectivity General On this tab you can change the following: Wi-Fi. ■ Bluetooth. ■ Procedure Follow this procedure to change one or more of the aforementioned settings: Push the Menu/Back button. On the main menu, go to the Mode button and push the joystick.

  • Page 89: Changing Regional Settings

    netzerotools.com 21 – Changing settings 21.4 Changing regional settings General On this tab you can change the following: Language. ■ Time zone. ■ Set date and time. ■ Date format. ■ Time format. ■ Temperature unit. ■ Distance unit. ■ Procedure Follow this procedure to change one or more of the aforementioned settings: Push the Menu/Back button.

  • Page 90: Cleaning The Camera

    netzerotools.com Cleaning the camera 22.1 Camera housing, cables, and other items Liquids Use one of these liquids: Warm water ■ A weak detergent solution ■ Equipment A soft cloth Procedure Follow this procedure: Soak the cloth in the liquid. Twist the cloth to remove excess liquid. Clean the part with the cloth.

  • Page 91: Infrared Lens

    netzerotools.com 22 – Cleaning the camera 22.2 Infrared lens Liquids Use one of these liquids: 96% isopropyl alcohol. ■ A commercial lens cleaning liquid with more than 30% isopropyl alcohol. ■ Equipment Cotton wool Procedure Follow this procedure: Soak the cotton wool in the liquid. Twist the cotton wool to remove excess liquid.

  • Page 92: Infrared Detector

    netzerotools.com 22 – Cleaning the camera 22.3 Infrared detector General Even small amounts of dust on the infrared detector can result in major blemishes in the image. To remove any dust from the detector, follow the procedure below. This section only applies to cameras where removing the lens exposes the infrared NOTE ■...

  • Page 93: Technical Data

    netzerotools.com Technical data For technical data, refer to the product catalog on the user documentation CD-ROM that comes with the camera. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 94: Pin Configurations

    netzerotools.com Pin configurations Pin configuration 10763203;a2 for USB Mini-B connector Configuration +5 V (out) USB – USB + Ground Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...
  • Page 95 netzerotools.com 24 – Pin configurations Pin configuration 10763503;a1 for video connector Configuration Audio right Ground Video out Audio left Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...
  • Page 96 netzerotools.com 24 – Pin configurations Pin configuration 10763303;a2 for USB-A connector Configuration +5 V (in) USB – USB + Ground Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...
  • Page 97 netzerotools.com 24 – Pin configurations Pin configuration 10763403;a1 for power connector Configuration +12 V Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012 netzerotools.com...

  • Page 98: Application Examples

    netzerotools.com Application examples 25.1 Moisture & water damage General It is often possible to detect moisture and water damage in a house by using an in- frared camera. This is partly because the damaged area has a different heat conduc- tion property and partly because it has a different thermal capacity to store heat than the surrounding material.

  • Page 99: Faulty Contact In Socket

    netzerotools.com 25 – Application examples 25.2 Faulty contact in socket General Depending on the type of connection a socket has, an improperly connected wire can result in local temperature increase. This temperature increase is caused by the reduced contact area between the connection point of the incoming wire and the socket , and can result in an electrical fire.

  • Page 100: Oxidized Socket

    netzerotools.com 25 – Application examples 25.3 Oxidized socket General Depending on the type of socket and the environment in which the socket is installed, oxides may occur on the socket's contact surfaces. These oxides can lead to locally increased resistance when the socket is loaded, which can be seen in an infrared image as local temperature increase.

  • Page 101: Insulation Deficiencies

    netzerotools.com 25 – Application examples 25.4 Insulation deficiencies General Insulation deficiencies may result from insulation losing volume over the course of time and thereby not entirely filling the cavity in a frame wall. An infrared camera allows you to see these insulation deficiencies because they either have a different heat conduction property than sections with correctly installed insu- lation, and/or show the area where air is penetrating the frame of the building.

  • Page 102: Draft

    netzerotools.com 25 – Application examples 25.5 Draft General Draft can be found under baseboards, around door and window casings, and above ceiling trim. This type of draft is often possible to see with an infrared camera, as a cooler airstream cools down the surrounding surface. NOTE When you are investigating draft in a house, there should be sub-atmospheric pressure in the house.

  • Page 103: About Flir Systems

    About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high-performance infrared imaging systems, and is the world leader in the design, manufacture, and marketing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial, industrial, and government applications.

  • Page 104: More Than Just An Infrared Camera

    10 L (2.6 US gallon) jar with liquid nitrogen. To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment (6 kg/13 lb.) can be seen. RIGHT: FLIR i7 from 2009. Weight: 0.34 kg (0.75 lb.), including the battery.

  • Page 105: Sharing Our Knowledge

    26.3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times. If you discover a problem with your camera, local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time. Therefore, there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language.
  • Page 106 26 – About FLIR Systems 10401403;a1 Figure 26.4 LEFT: Diamond turning machine; RIGHT: Lens polishing 10401503;a1 Figure 26.5 LEFT: Testing of infrared cameras in the climatic chamber; RIGHT: Robot used for camera testing and calibration Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012...

  • Page 107: Glossary

    netzerotools.com Glossary Term or expression Explanation absorption (absorption factor) The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the received radiation. A number between 0 and 1. atmosphere The gases between the object being measured and the camera, normally air. autoadjust A function making a camera perform an internal image correc- tion.
  • Page 108 netzerotools.com 27 – Glossary Term or expression Explanation external optics Extra lenses, filters, heat shields etc. that can be put between the camera and the object being measured. filter A material transparent only to some of the infrared wavelengths. Field of view: The horizontal angle that can be viewed through an IR lens.
  • Page 109 netzerotools.com 27 – Glossary Term or expression Explanation palette The set of colors used to display an IR image. pixel Stands for picture element. One single spot in an image. radiance Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time, area and angle (W/m /sr) radiant power...
  • Page 110 netzerotools.com 27 – Glossary Term or expression Explanation transmission (or transmittance) factor Gases and materials can be more or less transparent. Transmis- sion is the amount of IR radiation passing through them. A number between 0 and 1. transparent isotherm An isotherm showing a linear spread of colors, instead of cover- ing the highlighted parts of the image.

  • Page 111: Thermographic Measurement Techniques

    netzerotools.com Thermographic measurement techniques 28.1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object. The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature. However, the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tem- perature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity.

  • Page 112: Finding The Emissivity Of A Sample

    netzerotools.com 28 – Thermographic measurement techniques 28.2.1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 28.2.1.1 Step 1: Determining reflected apparent temperature Use one of the following two methods to determine reflected apparent temperature: 28.2.1.1.1 Method 1: Direct method Look for possible reflection sources, considering that the incident angle = reflection angle (a = b).
  • Page 113 netzerotools.com 28 – Thermographic measurement techniques Measure the radiation intensity (= apparent temperature) from the reflecting source using the following settings: Emissivity: 1.0 ■ ■ You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods: 10589003;a2 Figure 28.3 1 = Reflection source Note: Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recom- mended for two important reasons: A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity...

  • Page 114: Step 2: Determining The Emissivity

    netzerotools.com 28 – Thermographic measurement techniques Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down. 10727003;a2 Figure 28.4 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil 28.2.1.2 Step 2: Determining the emissivity Select a place to put the sample. Determine and set reflected apparent temperature according to the previous procedure.

  • Page 115: Reflected Apparent Temperature

    50%. 28.6 Other parameters In addition, some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to compensate for the following parameters: Atmospheric temperature – i.e. the temperature of the atmosphere between the ■...

  • Page 116: History Of Infrared Technology

    netzerotools.com History of infrared technology Before the year 1800, the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn't even suspected. The original significance of the infrared spectrum, or simply ‘the infrared’ as it is often called, as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800.
  • Page 117 netzerotools.com 29 – History of infrared technology however, who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maximum, and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to locate this point. 10398903;a1 Figure 29.2 Marsilio Landriani (1746–1815) Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum,...
  • Page 118 netzerotools.com 29 – History of infrared technology 10399103;a1 Figure 29.3 Macedonio Melloni (1798–1854) Thermometers, as radiation detectors, remained unchallenged until 1829, the year Nobili invented the thermocouple. (Herschel’s own thermometer could be read to 0.2 °C (0.036 °F), and later models were able to be read to 0.05 °C (0.09 °F)). Then a breakthrough occurred;...
  • Page 119 netzerotools.com 29 – History of infrared technology The improvement of infrared-detector sensitivity progressed slowly. Another major breakthrough, made by Langley in 1880, was the invention of the bolometer. This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded.

  • Page 120: Theory Of Thermography

    netzerotools.com Theory of thermography 30.1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera. In this section the theory behind ther- mography will be given. 30.2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength re- gions, called bands, distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the...

  • Page 121: Blackbody Radiation

    Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temperature reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermo- graphic instruments, such as a FLIR Systems camera for example. Publ. No. T559772 Rev. a593 – ENGLISH (EN) – March 16, 2012...

  • Page 122: Planck's Law

    netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525°C (977°F), the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black. This is the incipient red heat temperature of the radiator, which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further.

  • Page 123: Wien's Displacement Law

    netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography ➲ The factor 10 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt/m , μm. Planck’s formula, when plotted graphically for various temperatures, produces a family of curves. Following any particular Planck curve, the spectral emittance is zero at λ...
  • Page 124 netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography μm. Thus, a very hot star such as Sirius (11 000 K), emitting bluish-white light, radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum, at wavelength 0.27 μm. 10399403;a1 Figure 30.5 Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928) The sun (approx.

  • Page 125: Stefan-Boltzmann's Law

    netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography 10327203;a4 Figure 30.6 Planckian curves plotted on semi-log scales from 100 K to 1000 K. The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien's displacement law. 1: Spectral radiant emittance (W/cm (μm));...

  • Page 126: Non-Blackbody Emitters

    netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography 10399303;a1 Figure 30.7 Josef Stefan (1835–1893), and Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) Using the Stefan-Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body, at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx. 2 m , we obtain 1 kW.
  • Page 127 netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography For opaque materials τ = 0 and the relation simplifies to: λ Another factor, called the emissivity, is required to describe the fraction ε of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature. Thus, we have the definition: The spectral emissivity ε...

  • Page 128: Infrared Semi-Transparent Materials

    netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography 10401203;a2 Figure 30.8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral radiant emittance; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody; 4: Selective radiator; 5: Graybody. 10327303;a4 Figure 30.9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators. 1: Spectral emissivity; 2: Wavelength; 3: Blackbody;...
  • Page 129 netzerotools.com 30 – Theory of thermography some of it arrives at the other surface, through which most of it escapes; part of it is reflected back again. Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought. When the resulting geometrical series is summed, the effective emissivity of a semi- transparent plate is obtained as: When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula:...

  • Page 130: The Measurement Formula

    netzerotools.com The measurement formula As already mentioned, when viewing an object, the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself. It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface. Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path.
  • Page 131 netzerotools.com 31 – The measurement formula or, with simplified notation: where C is a constant. Should the source be a graybody with emittance ε, the received radiation would consequently be εW source We are now ready to write the three collected radiation power terms: 1 –...
  • Page 132 31 – The measurement formula This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment. The voltages of the formula are: Figure 31.2 Voltages Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature i.e. a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested object temperature.
  • Page 133 5 volts, the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4.1 volts, pro- vided the calibration algorithm is based on radiation physics, like the FLIR Systems algorithm. Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations.
  • Page 134 netzerotools.com 31 – The measurement formula 10400603;a2 Figure 31.3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (SW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T = 20°C (+68°F);...
  • Page 135 netzerotools.com 31 – The measurement formula 10400703;a2 Figure 31.4 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions (LW camera). 1: Object temperature; 2: Emittance; Obj: Object radiation; Refl: Reflected radiation; Atm: atmosphere radiation. Fixed parameters: τ = 0.88; T = 20°C (+68°F);...

  • Page 136: Emissivity Tables

    Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems. 32.1 References Mikaél A. Bramson: Infrared Radiation, A Handbook for Applications, Plenum press, N.Y. William L. Wolfe, George J. Zissis: The Infrared Handbook, Office of Naval Research, Department of Navy, Washington, D.C.

  • Page 137: Tables

    netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables 32.3 Tables Figure 32.1 1: Material; 2: Specification; 3: Temperature in °C; 4: Spectrum (T: Total spectrum; SW: 2–5 µm; LW: 8–14 µm, LLW: 6.5–20 µm); 5: Emissivity: 6: Reference to literature source above 3M type 35 Vinyl electrical <...
  • Page 138 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Aluminum roughened 3 µm 0.28 Aluminum roughened 10 µm 0.18 Aluminum rough surface 20–50 0.06–0.07 Aluminum sheet, 4 samples 0.03–0.06 differently scratched Aluminum sheet, 4 samples 0.05–0.08 differently scratched Aluminum vacuum deposited 0.04 Aluminum weathered, heavily 0.83–0.94 Aluminum bronze 0.60...
  • Page 139 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Brass rubbed with 80- 0.20 grit emery Brass sheet, rolled 0.06 Brass sheet, worked with emery Brick alumina 0.68 Brick common 0.86–0.81 Brick Dinas silica, 1100 0.85 glazed, rough Brick Dinas silica, refrac- 1000 0.66 tory Brick Dinas silica,...
  • Page 140 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Brick waterproof 0.87 Bronze phosphor bronze 0.06 Bronze phosphor bronze 0.08 Bronze polished Bronze porous, rough 50–150 0.55 Bronze powder 0.76–0.80 Carbon candle soot 0.95 Carbon charcoal powder 0.96 Carbon graphite, filed sur- 0.98 face Carbon graphite powder 0.97...
  • Page 141 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Copper oxidized, heavily 0.78 Copper oxidized to black- 0.88 ness Copper polished 50–100 0.02 Copper polished 0.03 Copper polished, commer- 0.03 cial Copper polished, mechan- 0.015 ical Copper pure, carefully 0.008 prepared surface Copper scraped 0.07 Copper dioxide powder...
  • Page 142 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Granite rough, 4 different 0.95–0.97 samples Gypsum 0.8–0.9 Ice: See Water Iron, cast casting 0.81 Iron, cast ingots 1000 0.95 Iron, cast liquid 1300 0.28 Iron, cast machined 800–1000 0.60–0.70 Iron, cast oxidized 0.63 Iron, cast oxidized 0.64 Iron, cast...
  • Page 143 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Iron and steel hot rolled 0.77 Iron and steel hot rolled 0.60 Iron and steel oxidized 0.74 Iron and steel oxidized 0.74 Iron and steel oxidized 125–525 0.78–0.82 Iron and steel oxidized 0.79 Iron and steel oxidized 1227 0.89...
  • Page 144 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Iron tinned sheet 0.064 Krylon Ultra-flat Flat black Room temperature Ca. 0.96 black 1602 up to 175 Krylon Ultra-flat Flat black Room temperature Ca. 0.97 black 1602 up to 175 Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 0.92–0.94 on Aluminum Lacquer 3 colors sprayed...
  • Page 145 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Magnesium 0.18 Magnesium polished 0.07 Magnesium pow- 0.86 Molybdenum 600–1000 0.08–0.13 Molybdenum 1500–2200 0.19–0.26 Molybdenum filament 700–2500 0.1–0.3 Mortar 0.87 Mortar 0.94 Nextel Velvet 811- Flat black –60–150 > 0.97 10 and 21 Black Nichrome rolled 0.25 Nichrome...
  • Page 146 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Nickel electroplated on 0.11 iron, unpolished Nickel oxidized 0.37 Nickel oxidized 0.37 Nickel oxidized 1227 0.85 Nickel oxidized at 600°C 200–600 0.37–0.48 Nickel polished 0.045 Nickel wire 200–1000 0.1–0.2 Nickel oxide 500–650 0.52–0.59 Nickel oxide 1000–1250 0.75–0.86 Oil, lubricating...
  • Page 147 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Paint oil based, average 0.94 of 16 colors Paint plastic, black 0.95 Paint plastic, white 0.84 Paper 4 different colors 0.92–0.94 Paper 4 different colors 0.68–0.74 Paper black 0.90 Paper black, dull 0.94 Paper black, dull 0.89 Paper black, dull...
  • Page 148 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Plastic polyurethane isola- 0.55 tion board Plastic polyurethane isola- 0.29 tion board Plastic PVC, plastic floor, 0.93 dull, structured Plastic PVC, plastic floor, 0.94 dull, structured Platinum 0.016 Platinum 0.03 Platinum 0.05 Platinum 0.06 Platinum 0.10 Platinum 1000–1500...
  • Page 149 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Skin human 0.98 Slag boiler 0–100 0.97–0.93 Slag boiler 200–500 0.89–0.78 Slag boiler 600–1200 0.76–0.70 Slag boiler 1400–1800 0.69–0.67 Snow: See Water Soil 0.92 Soil saturated with wa- 0.95 Stainless steel alloy, 8% Ni, 18% 0.35 Stainless steel rolled...
  • Page 150 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Titanium oxidized at 540°C 0.40 Titanium oxidized at 540°C 0.50 Titanium oxidized at 540°C 1000 0.60 Titanium polished 0.15 Titanium polished 0.20 Titanium polished 1000 0.36 Tungsten 0.05 Tungsten 600–1000 0.1–0.16 Tungsten 1500–2200 0.24–0.31 Tungsten filament 3300 0.39...
  • Page 151 netzerotools.com 32 – Emissivity tables Wood pine, 4 different 0.81–0.89 samples Wood pine, 4 different 0.67–0.75 samples Wood planed 0.8–0.9 Wood planed oak 0.90 Wood planed oak 0.88 Wood planed oak 0.77 Wood plywood, smooth, 0.82 Wood plywood, untreat- 0.83 Wood white, damp 0.7–0.8...
  • Page 152 netzerotools.com A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML—the eXtensible Markup Language. For more information about XML, please visit http://www.w3.org/XML/ A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Swiss 721, which is Bitstream’s pan-European version of the Helvetica™ typeface. Helvetica™ was designed by Max Miedinger (1910–1980).
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