Campbell CS650 Instruction Manual
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. Campbell Manuals
  4. Measuring Instruments
  5. CS650
  6. Instruction manual

Campbell CS650 Instruction Manual

Water content reflectometers
Hide thumbs Also See for CS650:
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual See also: User Manual
CS650 and CS655 Water
Content Reflectometers
Revision: 10/12
C o p y r i g h t
©
2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 2
C a m p b e l l
S c i e n t i f i c ,
I n c .

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the CS650 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Related Manuals for Campbell CS650

Summary of Contents for Campbell CS650

  • Page 1 CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers Revision: 10/12 C o p y r i g h t © 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 2 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c ,...
  • Page 3 Campbell pricelist or product manual. Products not manufactured, but that are re-sold by Campbell, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no warranty.
  • Page 4 SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 227-9000. After an applications engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific's shipping address is: CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    6.5.1 Use of Multiplexers..............18 Program Examples ................19 6.6.1 CR1000 With a Single CS650 Probe ..........19 6.6.2 CR1000 With 2 CS650 Probes on Same Control Port ....20 6.6.3 CR1000 With 12 CS650 Probes on Multiplexer ......20 6.6.4 CR10X With a Single CS650 Probe ...........21 6.6.5 CR10X With 2 CS650 Probes on Same Control Port ....22...
  • Page 6 B.2.3 CR1000 Datalogger Example........... B-5 B.2.4 CR10X Datalogger Example............ B-6 B.2.5 CR10X-PB Table-Based Datalogger Example......B-7 Figures 4-1. CS650 Water Content Reflectometer ..........2 5-1. CS650 and CS655 average current drain..........5 6-1. CS650G Insertion Guide Tool............. 8 6-2. A200 Sensor-to-PC Interface............. 11...
  • Page 7 SDI-12 transparent mode on CR10X-PB table-based datalogger using control port 1 and changing SDI-12 address from 0 to 1 ..B-8 Tables 6-1. CS650 Wiring Code for SDI-12............8 6-2. CS650 Wiring Code for RS-232 and A200..........9 6-3. CS650 Terminal Commands ..............17 6-4. CS650 SDI-12 Commands ..............18 6-5.
  • Page 8 Table of Contents...

  • Page 9: Introduction

    They output an SDI-12 signal that many of our dataloggers can measure. The CS650 has 30 cm length rods, whereas the CS655 has 12 cm length rods. This manual uses CS650 to reference model numbers CS650 and NOTE CS655.

  • Page 10: Cs650 Water Content Reflectometer

    Volumetric water content information is derived from the probe’s sensitivity to the dielectric permittivity of the medium surrounding the probe stainless-steel rods. The CS650 is configured as a water content reflectometer, with the two parallel rods forming an open-ended transmission line. A differential oscillator circuit is connected to the rods, with an oscillator state change triggered by the return of a reflected signal from one of the rods.

  • Page 11: Specifications

    Campbell Scientific also offers the CS650-LC, CS655-LC, and CWS655. The CS650-LC and CS655-LC include a connector for attaching the sensor to an ET107 weather station. The CWS655 is a wireless version of our CS655; refer to theWireless Sensor Manual for more information.

  • Page 12: Electrical Specifications

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers Electrical Specifications Sensor Output: SDI-12 Serial RS-232 Warmup Time: Measurement Time: 3 ms to measure 600 ms to complete SDI-12 command Power Supply Requirements: 6 Vdc to 18 Vdc Must be able to supply 45 mA @ 12 Vdc Maximum Cable Length: 610 m (2000 ft) combined length for 1 –...

  • Page 13: Operational Specifications

    FIGURE 5-1. CS650 and CS655 average current drain FIGURE 5-1 shows average current drain for different measurement rates and quantities of CS650 probes. If the time between measurements is five minutes or longer, average current drain may be approximated at 0.15 milliamps per sensor.
  • Page 14 0 to 3 dS/m. ‡Precision describes the repeatability of a measurement. It is determined for the CS650 by taking repeated measurements in the same material. The precision of the CS650 is better than 0.05 % volumetric water content and 0.01 dS/m electrical conductivity.

  • Page 15: Installation

    EC along the length of the rods, which is 30 cm for the CS650 and 12 cm for the CS655. The probe rods may be inserted vertically into the soil surface or buried at any orientation to the surface. The probe may be installed horizontal to the surface to detect the passing of wetting fronts or other vertical water fluxes.

  • Page 16: Wiring

    Edlog dataloggers include the CR10X, CR23X, and CR510. 6.3.1 SDI-12 Wiring TABLE 6-1 shows the SDI-12 wiring code for the CS650 water content reflectometer. SDI-12 data is transmitted to a CRBasic datalogger odd numbered control port or to any control port of an Edlog datalogger that is capable of SDI-12 communication.

  • Page 17: Rs-232 Wiring

    SDI-12. 6.3.2 RS-232 Wiring TABLE 6-2 shows the wiring code for communicating with a CS650 using RS-232 serial protocol. Device Configuration Utility software uses RS-232 to communicate with a CS650 through the A200 USB-to-Serial Module. See Section 6.4, A200 and Device Configuration Utility, for details.

  • Page 18: Cabling

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers NOTE Drivers should be loaded before plugging the A200 into the PC. The A200 drivers can be downloaded, at no charge, from: www.campbellsci.com/downloads. 6.4.1.2 Cabling One end of the A200 has a terminal block while the other end has a type B female USB port.

  • Page 19: Device Configuration Utility (Devconfig)

    DevConfig may be downloaded from the Campbell Scientific website, www.campbellsci.com/downloads. Connect the CS650 to the A200 as shown in TABLE 6-2. Connect the PC to the A200 USB port with the supplied USB cable. Launch DevConfig and select “CS650 Series” from the Device Type menu on...
  • Page 20 Select the appropriate PC Serial Port from the list of available COM ports shown when the browse button on the lower left is selected (see Section 6.4.1.4, Determining which COM Port the A200 has been Assigned). Select Ok and then Connect to begin communication with the CS650.

  • Page 21: Settings Editor Tab

    Real-Time Measurements field. This is useful for verifying probe performance. After any changes to CS650 settings, select Apply to write the changes to the CS650 firmware. A configuration summary is then shown. The summary may be printed or saved electronically for future reference.
  • Page 22 CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers Real-Time Measurements Measurement Field Name Meaning Volumetric Water Content EC (dS/m) Bulk Electrical Conductivity TS (°C) Soil Temperature Bulk Dielectric Permittivity Period Average PA (μS) Voltage Ratio...

  • Page 23: Send Os Tab

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers 6.4.2.2 Send OS Tab The Send OS tab is used to update the firmware in the CS650. The firmware is available at www.campbellsci.com/downloads. The file to send will have a filename extension of .a43, such as CS65X.Std.00.36.a43. Sending a new operating system will not affect any of the user-modified settings or probe specific multiplier and offset settings.

  • Page 24: Terminal Tab

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers 6.4.2.3 Terminal Tab The Terminal tab may be used to send serial commands directly to the CS650. See TABLE 6-3 for a list of serial interface commands. To send a command from the Terminal tab, left click in the field to get a flashing black cursor, then press <Enter>...

  • Page 25: Sdi-12 Measurements

    H or h Help Menu SDI-12 Measurements The CS650 responds to SDI-12 commands M!, M1!, M2!, M3!, ?!, and I!. TABLE 6-4 shows the values returned for each of these commands. The ?! and I! commands are not used with Edlog dataloggers.

  • Page 26: Use Of Multiplexers

    Up to 10 CS650’s may be connected to the same datalogger control port as long as each one has a unique SDI-12 address. The CS650 ships with a default SDI-12 address of 0 unless otherwise specified at the time of ordering. The SDI-12 address may be changed through DevConfig software (see Section 6.4,...

  • Page 27: Program Examples

    15 minutes, storing hourly averages of volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, and soil temperature and samples of permittivity, period average and voltage ratio. The CS650 has a SDI-12 address of 0. Wiring for the example is shown in TABLE 6-5.

  • Page 28: Cr1000 With 2 Cs650 Probes On Same Control Port

    15 minutes, storing hourly averages of volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, and soil temperature and samples of permittivity, period average and voltage ratio. The first CS650 has a SDI-12 address of 0 and the second an address of 1. Wiring for the example is shown in TABLE 6-6.

  • Page 29: Cr10X With A Single Cs650 Probe

    This Edlog example program measures one CS650 probe on a CR10X every 15 minutes, storing hourly averages of volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, soil temperature, permittivity, period average, and voltage ratio. The CS650 has a SDI-12 address of 0. Wiring for the example is shown in TABLE 6-8.

  • Page 30: Cr10X With 2 Cs650 Probes On Same Control Port

    Loc [ VWC 6.6.5 CR10X With 2 CS650 Probes on Same Control Port This Edlog example program measures one CS650 probe on a CR10X every 15 minutes, storing hourly averages of volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, soil temperature, permittivity, period average, and voltage ratio.

  • Page 31: Wiring For Program Example 5

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers The first CS650 has a SDI-12 address of 0 and the second has address of 1. Wiring for the example is shown in TABLE 6-9. TABLE 6-9. Wiring For Program Example 5 CR10X CS650’s (wiring same for both)

  • Page 32: Cr200X With 3 Cs650 Probes

    15 minutes, storing hourly averages of volumetric water content, electrical conductivity, soil temperature, permittivity, period average, and voltage ratio. The CS650’s have SDI-12 addresses of 0, 1, and 2. Sensors are powered with the SWBatt channel which requires a 3 second warm-up time. Alternately, the red wires may be connected to Battery + for continuous power which would reduce measurement time.

  • Page 33: The Water Content Reflectometer Method For Measuring Volumetric Water Content

    It has been shown in numerous research efforts that this equation works well in most mineral soils, so a soil specific calibration of the CS650 probe is usually not necessary. If a soil specific calibration is desired, the user can generate an to θ...

  • Page 34: Temperature Correction Of Soil Electrical Conductivity

    EC is outside the operational range of the probe. 7.3.2 Temperature Correction of Soil Electrical Conductivity The EC value reported by the CS650 is bulk electrical conductivity. This value is temperature dependent, changing by 2% per degree Celsius. To compensate for the effect of temperature, EC readings may be converted to a standard temperature, such as 25 °C using the following equation:...

  • Page 35: Error Sources In Water Content Reflectometer Measurement

    Campbell Scientific offers the CS650G insertion tool. Temperature Dependence and Correction The two temperature dependent sources of error in CS650 water content measurements are the effect of temperature on the operation of the probe electronics and the effect of temperature on the dielectric permittivity of the soil.

  • Page 36: Accurate Soil Temperature Measurement

    1.55 g cm may require a media-specific calibration equation. In these cases, the user may develop a calibration equation to convert CS650 permittivity to volumetric water content over the range of water contents the probe is expected to measure.

  • Page 37: Collecting Laboratory Data For Calibration

    Collecting Laboratory Data for Calibration Water content reflectometer data needed for CS650 calibration are the CS650 permittivity reading and an independently determined volumetric water content. From this data, the probe response to changing water content can be described by a linear or polynomial function as described in Section 8.2, The...
  • Page 38 The time required for equilibration depends on the amount of water added and the hydraulic properties of the soil. Equilibration can be verified by frequently observing the CS650 permittivity output. When permittivity is constant, equilibration is achieved. Collect a set of calibration data values and repeat the water addition procedure again if needed.

  • Page 39: Collecting Field Data For Calibration

    However, intentionally changing water content in soil profiles can be difficult. A vertical face of soil can be formed with a shovel. If the CS650 is to be used within about 0.5 meters of the surface, the probe can be inserted into the face...
  • Page 40 Remove the CS650 and take core samples of the soil where the probe rods were inserted. This is necessary for measurement of bulk density. Copper tubing of diameter ≥ 1 inch and length about 2 inch works well. The tubes can be pressed into the soil surface.

  • Page 41: Calculations

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers The average water content for the replicates and the recorded CS650 period are one datum pair to be used for the calibration curve fit. Calculations The empty cylinders used for core sampling should be clean and both empty mass and volume are measured and recorded.

  • Page 42: Troubleshooting

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers 10. Troubleshooting Symptom Possible Cause Solution All CS650 output No SDI12Recorder Add SDI12Recorder values read 0 instruction in instruction (P105 for Edlog datalogger program dataloggers) to datalogger program Conditional statement Check logic of conditional...

  • Page 43: References

    CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers 11. References Ledieu, J., P. De Ridder, P. De Clerck, and S. Dautrebande. 1986. “A method of measuring soil moisture by time-domain reflectometry,” J. Hydrol. 88:319-328. Rhoades, J.D., P.A.C. Raats, and R.J. Prather. 1976. Effects of liquid-phase electrical conductivity, water content and surface conductivity on bulk soil electrical conductivity.
  • Page 44 CS650 and CS655 Water Content Reflectometers...

  • Page 45: A. Discussion Of Soil Water Content

    Appendix A. Discussion of Soil Water Content The water content reflectometer measures volumetric water content. Soil water content is expressed on a gravimetric and a volumetric basis. To obtain the independently determined volumetric water content, gravimetric water content must first be measured. Gravimetric water content (θg) is the mass of water per mass of dry soil.

  • Page 47: Sdi-12 Sensor Support

    –VS is selected at the time of ordering. Sensors with the –VS option are addressed with the last digit of the probe’s serial number. This allows for multiple CS650’s to be connected to a single control port without requiring the user to change the SDI-12 addresses from zero.
  • Page 48 Start Measurement Command (aMv!) Qualifier v is a variable between 1 and 3 that requests variant data. Variants include different subsets of the CS650 probe output: Volumetric Water Content (θ), Bulk Electrical Conductivity (σ), Temperature (°C) Permittivity (ε), Bulk Electrical Conductivity (σ), Temperature (°C) Period (τ), Voltage Ratio (α), Temperature (°C)

  • Page 49: Changing The Sdi-12 Address Using Terminal Emulator And A Datalogger

    The current address can be found by issuing the ?! command. The easiest way to change the address on a CS650 sensor is with the Device Configuration Utility and a A200 Sensor to PC Interface as described in Section 6.4, A200 and Device Configuration Utility.

  • Page 50: Cr200(X) Series Datalogger Example

    SDI12 <enter>. The response “SDI12>” indicates that the CS650 is ready to accept SDI-12 commands. 5. To query the CS650 for its current SDI-12 address, key in ?! <enter> and the CS650 will respond with its SDI-12 address. If no characters are typed within 60 seconds, then the mode is exited.

  • Page 51: Cr1000 Datalogger Example

    At the “CR1000>” prompt, make sure the All Caps Mode box is checked and enter the command SDI12 <enter>. At the “Enter Cx Port 1, 3, 5, or 7” prompt, key in the control port number where the CS650 green lead is connected and <enter>. The response “Entering SDI12 Terminal”...

  • Page 52: Cr10X Datalogger Example

    Appendix B. SDI-12 Sensor Support 6. To change the SDI-12 address, key in aAb!<enter> where a is the current address from the above step and b is the new address. The CS650 will change its address and the datalogger will respond with the new address.

  • Page 53: Cr10X-Pb Table-Based Datalogger Example

    “entering SDI-12”. If any invalid SDI-12 command is issued, the datalogger will exit the SDI-12 Transparent Mode. 7. To query the CS650 for its current SDI-12 address, enter the command ?!. The CS650 will respond with the current SDI-12 address.

  • Page 54: Sdi-12 Transparent Mode On Cr10X-Pb Table-Based Datalogger Using Control Port 1 And Changing Sdi-12 Address From 0

    8. To change the SDI-12 address, enter the command aAb!; where a is the current address from the above step and b is the new address. The CS650 will change its address and the datalogger will exit the SDI-12 Transparent Mode.
  • Page 56 Campbell Scientific Companies Campbell Scientific, Inc. (CSI) 815 West 1800 North Logan, Utah 84321 UNITED STATES www.campbellsci.com • info@campbellsci.com Campbell Scientific Africa Pty. Ltd. (CSAf) PO Box 2450 Somerset West 7129 SOUTH AFRICA www.csafrica.co.za • cleroux@csafrica.co.za Campbell Scientific Australia Pty. Ltd. (CSA)

This manual is also suitable for:

Cs655

Table of Contents