Campbell CSAT3 Instruction Manual
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Campbell CSAT3 Instruction Manual

Three dimensional sonic anemometer
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CSAT3 Three Dimensional
Sonic Anemometer
Revision: 9/12
C o p y r i g h t
©
1 9 9 8 - 2 0 1 2
C a m p b e l l
S c i e n t i f i c ,
I n c .

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Summary of Contents for Campbell CSAT3

  • Page 1 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer Revision: 9/12 C o p y r i g h t © 1 9 9 8 - 2 0 1 2 C a m p b e l l S c i e n t i f i c ,...
  • Page 3 Campbell pricelist or product manual. Products not manufactured, but that are re-sold by Campbell, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no warranty.
  • Page 4 SCIENTIFIC, INC., phone (435) 227-9000. After an applications engineer determines the nature of the problem, an RMA number will be issued. Please write this number clearly on the outside of the shipping container. Campbell Scientific's shipping address is: CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    DM Address ..................5 4. Installation ..............5 Orientation ...................5 Mounting....................6 Leveling ....................8 Fine Wire Thermocouple ..............8 5. Wiring................8 6. CSAT3 Outputs ............11 SDM Output..................11 6.1.1 CRBasic Dataloggers ..............12 6.1.2 EDLOG Dataloggers..............12 6.1.3 CR9000 ..................12 RS-232 Output ...................13 Analog Output..................13 7. Operational Principles..........13 Embedded Code Version 4..............13...
  • Page 6 Brief Description of SDM Clock Rates ........... D-1 CR3000 Example ................D-2 CR23X Example................D-2 Figures 4-1. CSAT3 coordinate system and current captive mounting hardware (s/n 0631 to current)................. 6 4-2. CSAT3 coordinate system and captive mounting hardware (s/n 0631 to current)................7 4-3.
  • Page 7 11-1. Proper location of the top (p/n 17388) and bottom (p/n 17389) wicks....................38 11-2. P/N 28902 CSAT3 Sonic Wick Spares Kit contents......39 11-3. CSAT3 running at 1 Hz and successfully communicating with the CSAT3....................40 11-4. Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis ......41 11-5.
  • Page 8 Table of Contents D-1. Data from Example CR3000 SDM Clock Rate Search Program..D-2 D-2. Data from Example CR23X SDM Clock Rate Search Program..D-3 D-3. SDM Clock Rate Report..............D-3...

  • Page 9: General

    31 feet permits mounting the FW05 to the side of the CSAT3 head. Finally, the thermocouple cover (p/n 10080) is placed over the connectors. This cover is used to mount the connectors to the side of the CSAT3 head and minimize the temperature gradient across the omega brand connectors.

  • Page 10: Output Signals

    Wind vector within ±20° of horizontal < ±6 percent of reading Output Signals The CSAT3 can output data to a data retrieval system using any of the following communications: SDM (Synchronous Device for Measurement), RS-232, or analog output. All the output signals have a two scan delay.

  • Page 11: Physical Description

    CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer REPORTING RANGE: SDM and RS-232 digital Outputs: Full scale wind: ±65.535 m s autoranging between four ranges; least significant bit is 0.25 to 2 mm s Speed of sound: 300 to 366 m s (-50° to +60°C); least significant bit is 1 mm s (0.025°C embedded code version 4;...

  • Page 12: Power Requirements

    • Unprompted Output – Off (&=0) (see Appendix B) The above settings can be changed with a PC, running the CSAT3 PC support software (CSAT32.EXE), and the RS-232 cable. A copy of the CSAT3 PC support software is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support|Downloads...

  • Page 13: Dm Address

    CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer DM Address Each CSAT3 on the SDM bus must have a unique address. A hex thumb switch within the electronics box is used to change the SDM address. Remove the lid and orient the electronics box with the connectors pointing down. The hex thumb switch is now located in the lower right hand side of the electronics box (see TABLE 3-1 for SDM addresses).

  • Page 14: Mounting

    3/16" Allen wrench that came with the CM250. The CSAT3 is then mounted to the CM250 by screwing the bolt into the anemometer block. See FIGURE 4-1.

  • Page 15: Csat3 Coordinate System And Captive Mounting Hardware (S/N 0631 To Current)

    Logan, Utah CSAT3 10.00 cm 3-D SONIC ANEMOMETER S/N: 102 MADE IN USA 8915 CSAT3 Boom FIGURE 4-2. CSAT3 coordinate system and captive mounting hardware (s/n 0631 to current) Logan, Utah CSAT3 10.00 cm 3-D SONIC ANEMOMETER S/N: 102 MADE IN USA FIGURE 4-3.

  • Page 16: Leveling

    FW05 and FWC-L35 connectors are covered. Wiring There are four military style connectors on the CSAT3 electronics box. They are labeled as +12V SDM, RS-232, Transducer Head, and Analog Output. Connect the cable from the anemometer head to the electronics box labeled Transducer Head.

  • Page 17: Csat3 Power

    RS-232 communications cable. Short haul modems do not include an RTS signal. The CSAT3's RS-232 drivers can be asserted by a software setting in the CSAT3. This setting will always power the RS-232 drivers, independent of the RTS line.

  • Page 18: Csat3 Sdm Output To A 21X Datalogger

    CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer TABLE 5-4. CSAT3 SDM Output to a 21X Datalogger Channel Description Color SDM Data Green 10 K resistor to 1H SDM Clock White SDM Enable Brown Digital Ground Black Shield Clear TABLE 5-5. CSAT3 SDM Output to a...

  • Page 19: Csat3 Outputs

    Purple Signal Low CSAT3 Outputs The CSAT3 has three signal outputs: SDM, RS-232, and analog. Campbell Scientific recommends that the SDM output be used when ever possible, followed by RS-232, and finally analog. TABLE 6-1 summarizes the difference between the three output options. In general SDM communications has the following advantages: lowest CSAT3 current drain, best control and diagnostics, and highest data resolution.

  • Page 20: Crbasic Dataloggers

    (CR1000, CR800/850) to communicate with the CSAT3. SDM protocol allows synchronized measurement and rapid communication between a datalogger and the CSAT3. The CRBasic datalogger instruction, CSAT3 () is used to communicate with the CSAT3 over the SDM bus.

  • Page 21: Rs-232 Output

    The Windows PC support software (CSAT32.EXE) can be used to graph the CSAT3 data in real time or collect time series via the RS-232 serial port. A copy of the CSAT3 PC software is available from the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support|Downloads section.

  • Page 22: Embedded Code Version 3

    Embedded Code Version 3 The CSAT3 measures wind speeds and the speed of sound by determining the time of flight of sound between pairs of transducers, as described in Appendix C.

  • Page 23: Effects Of Crosswind On The Speed Of Sound

    After power-up or loss of signal, the CSAT3 enters a mode where it tests the forward and return paths for each of the pairs of ultrasonic transducers. This is called the “acquire”...

  • Page 24: Csat3 Trigger

    (see Section 10.4 and B.4). If the SDM or PC fails to provide a trigger to the CSAT3, it will enter a lost trigger state after three seconds. The data acquisition system will then have to...

  • Page 25: Sampling Modes

    Time FIGURE 8-2. CSAT3 pipeline delay Sampling Modes The CSAT3 can be configured to make measurements in either a single- measurement mode or an oversampled mode. In the single-measurement mode, the CSAT3 makes one measurement synchronously with the trigger provided by the CSAT3 internal trigger, SDM communications, or RS-232 communications.

  • Page 26: Single-Measurement Mode

    Data Pipeline Delay When the CSAT3 is triggered to take a measurement, it determines the times of flight for all three transducer pairs. This process takes between 12 to 18 mSec, depending on the Execution Parameter. After determining the times of flight,...

  • Page 27: Datalogger Programming Using Sdm

    CR10 (with CSAT3 PROMs or library special PROMs). 10.1 CRBasic CSAT3 () Instruction The CSAT3 () instruction is a five parameter CRBasic instruction to control and retrieve data from the CSAT3. The parameters for this instruction are given in TABLE 10-1 and described in Section 10.3.
  • Page 28 SDMAddress/SDM Address: The unique SDM Address of the CSAT3 connected to the datalogger. In CRBasic dataloggers, the CSAT3 address is entered as a base ten number. In EDLOG dataloggers, the CSAT3 address is entered as a base four number (see TABLE 3-1). The SDM Address is sequentially incremented if the Reps option is greater than 1.

  • Page 29: Cr10(X) Execution Interval And Csat3 Execution Parameter

    Section 11.2.1. Option 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, and 60: “Set Execution Parameter” tells the CSAT3 which measurement parameters to use and what frequency to expect the measurement trigger from the datalogger. The datalogger Execution Interval and the appropriate CSAT3 Execution Parameter is summarized in TABLE 10-3 and TABLE 10-4.

  • Page 30: Diagnostic Word

    1, the number of sequential Input Locations used is Reps ∗ 5. 10.4 Diagnostic Word The fifth output from the CSAT3 is the diagnostic word. The diagnostic word describes the status of the anemometer and is useful in filtering data. For example, when the anemometer is locking in on the ultrasonic signals after receiving the acquire signals command, the NaN or -99999’s it sends to the...

  • Page 31: Sdmtrigger ()/Sdm-Group Trigger (P110)

    (97, 98, or 99) is used to retrieve the data. 10.6 Example CRBasic Datalogger Program In the following example, a CR3000 is used to collect data from the CSAT3 using SDM communications. The CR3000 will trigger each wind measurement over the SDM bus and retrieve the data.

  • Page 32: Csat3

    +12 Vdc Power Refernece Black Power Shield Clear EXAMPLE 1. Measuring the CSAT3 Using the SDM Output and a CR3000 Datalogger 'CR3000 Series Datalogger '28 December 2006 'Copyright (c) 2006 Campbell Scientific, Inc. All rights reserved. 'The following sensors are measured:...
  • Page 33 {+y} 'The program computes the compass wind direction, using the constant 'CSAT3_AZIMUTH, and a CSAT3 wind direction. Good CSAT3 wind directions 'are between -90 to 0 and 0 to 90 degrees, e.g. the wind is blowing into 'the CSAT3 sensor head.
  • Page 34 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer 'Wind directions and speed. Dim wnd_out(8) 'Alias wnd_out(1) = wnd_spd - in compass coordinate system, same as CSAT3. 'Alias wnd_out(2) = rslt_wnd_spd - in compass coordinate system, same as CSAT3. Alias wnd_out(3) = wnd_dir_compass 'Alias wnd_out(4) = std_wnd_dir - in compass coordinate system, same as CSAT3.
  • Page 35 'Get CSAT3 wind and sonic temperature data. CSAT3 (Ux,1,3,91,CSAT_OPT) 'Measure battery voltage. Battery (batt_volt) 'Copy and convert CSAT3 for compass wind vector computation. wind_east = -1*Uy wind_north = Ux 'Define 61502 as NaN. If ( diag_csat = NaN ) Then ( diag_csat = 61502 )

  • Page 36: Example Edlog Datalogger Program

    'Compass wind direction will be between 0 and 360 degrees. wnd_dir_compass = (wnd_dir_compass+CSAT3_AZIMUTH) MOD 360 'CSAT3 wind direction will be between 0 to 180 degrees and 0 to -180 degrees. If ( wnd_dir_csat3 ) > 180 Then ( wnd_dir_csat3 = wnd_dir_csat3-360 )

  • Page 37: Wiring For Program Example 2

    Power +12 Vdc Power Refernece Black Power Shield Clear EXAMPLE 2. Measuring the CSAT3 Using the SDM Output and a CR23X Datalogger ;{CR23X} ;22 April 2001 ;Copyright (c) 2001 Campbell Scientific, Inc. All rights reserved. ;Flags ;Flag 1 - Set low (default) to configure the CSAT3.
  • Page 38 1: 2 X Loc [ Uy 2: -1 3: 9 Z Loc [ Prop_E ] ;Copy the CSAT3 Ux and Uy instantaneous wind to compute CSAT3 wind direction. 5: Z=X (P31) 1: 1 X Loc [ Ux 2: 10 Z Loc [ Ux_copy ]...
  • Page 39 1: 3 Input Storage Area 2: 13 Loc [ wnd_spd_a ] ;Compute the horizontal wind speed and wind direction in the ;compass coordinate system and in the CSAT3 right handed orthogonal ;coordinate system. 12: Wind Vector (P69) 1: 2 Reps...
  • Page 40 1: Beginning of Subroutine (P85) 1: 1 Subroutine 1 ;Check the diagnostic word for lost trigger condition. ;Set Flag 1 low to reconfigure the CSAT3 if it is in a ;lost trigger state. 2: If (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 5 X Loc [ diag...
  • Page 41 Exponent of 10 3: 34 Z Loc [ _1000h ] ;Look for a diag that is not -99999, meaning that the ;CSAT3 is connected to the CR23X and the two devices ;are communicating correctly. 9: If (X<=>F) (P89) 1: 5...
  • Page 42 CSAT3 Three Dimensional Sonic Anemometer ;Configure CSAT3 with 10 Hz parameters. 12: SDM-CSAT3 (P107) 1: 1 Reps 2: 3 SDM Address 3: 10 Set Execution Parameter 4: 1 Ux Input Location [ Ux 13: End (P95) 14: End (P95) 15: End (P95) 16: End (P95) ;Each diagnostic flag, that is encoded in the diagnostic word...
  • Page 43 Z Loc [ F03F_f ] 28: Else (P94) ;Set the delta temp (del_T_f), tracking (track_f), amplitude high ;amp_h_f), or amplitude low (amp_l_f) flag high if the CSAT3 is ;reporting those flags as set. 29: Beginning of Loop (P87) 1: 0...
  • Page 44 36: End (P95) 37: End (P95) ;Process CSAT3 Output data. 38: Beginning of Subroutine (P85) 1: 3 Subroutine 3 ;Add the offset (theta) between the CSAT3 negative x-axis and ;North. 39: Z=X+Y (P33) 1: 14 X Loc [ cmpss_dir ] 2: 35...

  • Page 45: Maintenance

    The wicks help remove some of the water, however, under some conditions may not be adequate. The CSAT3 will be ready to measure wind as soon as the water droplets either evaporate or are removed by the station operator. Remove the...

  • Page 46: Wicks

    CSAT3 embedded code version 4 and the wicks work together to improve the performance of the CSAT3 in rainy conditions. It is up to the station operator to decide whether the wicks are necessary or not. If they are not, gently remove the wicks from the transducers, taking care not to damage or peal the matching layer (rubber tips) from the brass housing of the transducers.

  • Page 47: Calibration

    -40° to +40°C. To improve the speed of sound reporting resolution, the CSAT3 sends the speed of sound minus an offset to a datalogger via the SDM interface or a PC via the RS-232 interface. The data acquisition system must add the appropriate offset to determine the speed of sound.

  • Page 48: Test For Wind Offset

    To test wind offset on a CSAT3, create an environment were there is no wind. It is difficult to do this in the field, thus it is best to collect CSAT3 wind offset data in a field office or the lab. A zero wind environment can be created with a kitchen waste bin liner.

  • Page 49: Recommended Settings For The Wind Vertical Axis

    FIGURE 11-5. Recommended settings for the wind vertical axis labels Collect and graph 1 minute of wind data from the CSAT3 while it is in the zero wind environment (FIGURE 11-6). The wind offset should be less than ± 4 cm (0.04 m s...

  • Page 50: Select Backdoor Commands

    If the CSAT3 successfully accepts and processes a command, it will respond with the “>” prompt. If an invalid command is issued to the CSAT3, it will respond with a “?” prompt. All commands issued to the CSAT3 must be followed by the <enter>...
  • Page 51 RS=n – RS-232 Synchronization code, n = 0 means the CSAT3 will not send the synchronization code and n = 1 means the CSAT3 will send the synchronization code at the end of the 10-byte RS-232 output; BR=n – Baud Rate, n = 0 is 9600 bps and n = 1 is 19200 bps;...
  • Page 52 Note, be sure to return the jumper to the normal operating position, center and right pins. When the jumper is on the center and right pins, the CSAT3 is in the normal operate mode. When the jumper is on the left and center pins, the CSAT3 is in...

  • Page 53: Csat3 Orientation

    Appendix A. CSAT3 Orientation A.1 Determining True North and Sensor Orientation The orientation of the CSAT3 negative x-axis is found by reading a magnetic compass and applying the site-specific correction for magnetic declination; where the magnetic declination is the number of degrees between True North and Magnetic North.

  • Page 54: A Declination Angle East Of True North (Positive) Is Subtracted From 360 (0) Degrees To Find True North

    Appendix A. CSAT3 Orientation Declination angles are always subtracted from the compass reading to find True North. A declination angle East of True North is reported as positive a value and is subtracted from 360 (0) degrees to find True North as shown FIGURE A-2.

  • Page 55: Online Magnetic Declination Calculator

    Appendix A. CSAT3 Orientation A.2 Online Magnetic Declination Calculator The magnetic declination calculator web calculator published by NOAA’s Geophysical Data Center is available at the following url: www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomagmodels/Declination.jsp. After the web page loads, enter the site zip code, or longitude and latitude, then click on the “Compute Declination”...
  • Page 56 Appendix A. CSAT3 Orientation...

  • Page 57: Serial Communications With The Csat3

    AA55 hex, send an “rs n”, where n = 0 (default) means no synchronization code and n = 1 means send the synchronization code, to the CSAT3. As is customary in the DOS environment, 55 hex is transmitted first followed by AA hex.

  • Page 58: B-1. Rs-232 Command Codes

    After the PC takes over as the trigger source it must continue to trigger the CSAT3 at the rate specified in the Execution Parameter (An). If the CSAT3 does not receive a trigger for three seconds it will enter the Lost Trigger state. The Execution Parameter (An) will have to be issued in order for the anemometer to exit the Lost Trigger state.

  • Page 59: Csat3 Binary Data Output Format

    FIGURE B-2. CSAT3 as the trigger source B.2 CSAT3 Binary Data Output Format Five words are sent by the CSAT3's RS-232 output. Words 0 through 3 are 16 bit signed integers and word 4 is 16 bit unsigned integer. The five words are sent starting with word 0 and ending with word 4.

  • Page 60: Words 0 Through 3

    2.00 wind (m s The speed of sound reported by the CSAT3 is the average between the three sonic paths. The relationship to find the speed of sound is given in TABLE B-6. Word 3 must be converted to a base 10 representation before applying the...

  • Page 61: B.4 Word

    61440 B.5 CSAT3 RS-232 Status Format The CSAT3 returns a 10 ASCII byte status in response to a “S” or “P” command. This status provides information on the CSAT3’s Trigger Source and the Execution Parameter. It also indicates if the analog outputs are on/off, if the CSAT3 is reporting good data, and serial number of the CSAT3.

  • Page 62: B-9. Rs-232 Status, Response To The S Or P Command

    Appendix B. Serial Communications with the CSAT3 TABLE B-9. RS-232 Status, Response to the S or P Command Byte Description Value Trigger Source 0 = CSAT3 Timer 1 = PC 2 = SDM Execution Parameter see TABLE B-1 1 = ±32 m s 2 = ±64 m s...

  • Page 63: Csat3 Measurement Theory

    A is a 3 x 3 coordinate transformation matrix, that is unique for each CSAT3 and is stored in ROM memory. C.1.2 Temperature The sonically determined speed of sound can be found from the sum of the inverses of Eq. (1) and (2). The CSAT3 corrects online for the effect of wind...
  • Page 64 Appendix C. CSAT3 Measurement Theory blowing perpendicular to the sonic path. No additional off-line corrections are required as suggested by Liu et al., 2001. ⎡ ⎤ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦ The speed of sound in moist air is a function of temperature and humidity and is given by: γ...
  • Page 65 Appendix C. CSAT3 Measurement Theory REFERENCES Kaimal, J. C. and Businger, J. A.: 1963, “A Continuous Wave Sonic Anemometer-Thermometer”, J. Applied Meteorol., 2, 156-164. Kaimal, J. C. and Gaynor, J. E.: 1991, “Another Look at Sonic Thermometry”, Boundary-Layer Meteorol., 56, 401-410.
  • Page 66 Appendix C. CSAT3 Measurement Theory...

  • Page 67: Sdm Communications And Long Signal Cables

    Copies of the SDM search programs for the CRBasic and EDLOG dataloggers (Section D.1 and D.2) are available on the Campbell Scientific web site in the Support|Downloads section. Run these programs if the datalogger is having problems communicating with CSAT3 (Section 10.4).

  • Page 68: Cr3000 Example

    Download the example CRBasic SDM search program to the datalogger. This program will test the SDM communications between a CRBasic datalogger and a CSAT3, LI-7500, or both a CSAT3 and LI-7500. After the program compiles, use the CRBasic keyboard and set the menu items “Test CSAT3?”...

  • Page 69: Data From Example Cr23X Sdm Clock Rate Search Program

    Take the following case, a 575 foot SDM signal and power cable is used to connect a CR23X datalogger and a single CSAT3 anemometer. Communication between the CR23X and CSAT3 fails at the default SDM clock rate. Thus, a slower SDM clock rate must be used. The example CR3X SDM clock rate search program generated the data in TABLE D-2.
  • Page 70 Appendix D. SDM Communications and Long Signal Cables...
  • Page 72 Campbell Scientific Companies Campbell Scientific, Inc. (CSI) 815 West 1800 North Logan, Utah 84321 UNITED STATES www.campbellsci.com • info@campbellsci.com Campbell Scientific Africa Pty. Ltd. (CSAf) PO Box 2450 Somerset West 7129 SOUTH AFRICA www.csafrica.co.za • cleroux@csafrica.co.za Campbell Scientific Australia Pty. Ltd. (CSA)

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