Cables And Termination; Midi - RME Audio M-32 AD User Manual

12.3 Cabling and Termination
Word clock signals are usually distributed in the form of a network, split with BNC T-adapters
and terminated with resistors. We recommend using off-the-shelf BNC cables to connect all
devices, as this type of cable is used for most computer networks. Actually you will find all the
necessary components (T-adapters, terminators, cables) in most electronics and computer
stores. The latter usually carries 50 Ohm components. The 75 Ohm components used for word
clock are part of video technology (RG59).
Ideally, the word clock signal is a 5 Volt square wave with the frequency of the sample rate, of
which the harmonics go up to far above 500 kHz. To avoid voltage loss and reflections, both the
cable itself and the terminating resistor at the end of the chain should have an impedance of 75
Ohm. If the voltage is too low, synchronization will fail. High frequency reflection effects can
cause both jitter and sync failure.
Unfortunately there are still many devices on the market, even newer digital mixing consoles,
which are supplied with a word clock output that can only be called unsatisfactory. If the output
breaks down to 3 Volts when terminating with 75 Ohms, you have to take into account that a
device, of which the input only works from 2.8 Volts and above, does not function correctly al-
ready after 3 meter cable length. So it is not astonishing that because of the higher voltage,
word clock networks are in some cases more stable and reliable if cables are not terminated at
all.
Ideally all outputs of word clock delivering devices are designed as low impedance types, but all
word clock inputs as high impedance types, in order to not weaken the signal on the chain. But
there are also negative examples, when the 75 Ohms are built into the device and cannot be
switched off. In this case the network load is often 2 x 75 Ohms, and the user is forced to buy a
special word clock distributor. Note that such a device is generally recommended for larger
studios.
The M-32 AD's word clock input can be high-impedance or terminated internally, ensuring maxi-
mum flexibility. If termination is necessary (e.g. because the M-32 AD is the last device in the
chain), push the switch at the back (see chapter 12.1).
In case the M-32 AD resides within a chain of devices receiving word clock, plug a T-adapter
into its BNC input jack, and the cable supplying the word clock signal to one end of the adapter.
Connect the free end to the next device in the chain via a further BNC cable. The last device in
the chain should be terminated using another T-adapter and a 75 Ohm resistor (available as
short BNC plug). Of course devices with internal termination do not need T-adaptor and termi-
nator plug.
Due to the outstanding SteadyClock technology of the M-32 AD, we recommend to not pass
the input signal via T-adapter, but to use the unit's word clock output instead. Thanks to
SteadyClock, the input signal will both be freed from jitter and - in case of loss or drop out –
be held at the last valid frequency.

14. MIDI

The M-32 AD has a standard MIDI input and output, a 5-pin
DIN jack each. The MIDI I/O is used for:
•
remote control of the M-32 AD, see chapter 9.1
•
transmission of MIDI data and remote control commands over MADI, see chapter 9.2
User's Guide M-32 AD © RME
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