Piper ARCHER III Pilot Operating Handbook page 171

PA-28.181,
ARCHER
III
SECTION
6
WEIGHT
AND
BALANCE
SECTION
6
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
6.1 GENERAL
In
order
to
achieve the performance and flying
characteristics
which
are
designed
into
the airplane,
it
must
be
flown with
the weight
and center of
gravity
(C.G.) position
within
the approved operating range (envelope).
Although
the
airplane offers
flexibility of
loading,
it
cannot
be flown with
the
maximum
number
of
adult
passengers,
full
fuel
tanks and maximum
baggage.
With
the
flexibility
comes responsibility.
The
pilot
must ensure that
the airplane is loaded
within
the
loading envelope before
he makes
a
takeoff.
Misloading
carries
consequences
for
any aircraft.
An
overloaded airplane
will
not take
off, climb
or
cruise
as
well
as a
properly
loaded
one. The heavier
the airplane
is
loaded,
the less
climb performance
it will
have.
Center of
gravity
is
a
determining factor in flight
characteristics.
If
the C.G.
is
too far
forward
in
any
airplane,
it
may
be
difficult to
rotate
for
takeoff
or
landing.
If
the
c.G.
is too far aft,
the
airplane
may
rotate prematurely
on
takeoff
or
tend to
pitch
up during climb.
Longitudinal stability
will
be reduced. This
can
lead
to
inadvertent stalls and even spins; and spin recovery
becomes more
difficult
as
the center
of gravity
moves
aft
of
the approved
limit.
A
properly loaded airplane, however, will
perform
as
intended.
Before
the
airplane is certified,
a basic empty weight
and
c.G.
location
is computed (basic
empty weight
consists
of
the
standard empty weight
of
the
airplane
plus
the
optional equipment). Using the
basic empty weight and C.G. location, the pilot
can
easily determine the weight
and
C.G. position
for
the
loaded airplane by
computing the total weight
and moment
and
then determining whether they
are
within
the approved envelope.
REPORT: YB-2749
6-1
ISSUED;
December 22, 2Ol7