Piper TOMAHAWK Pilot's Operating Handbook And Faa Approved Airplane Flight Manual
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Piper TOMAHAWK Pilot's Operating Handbook And Faa Approved Airplane Flight Manual

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AIRPLANE
SERIAL NO. __________________________ REGIST. NO. ______________________
PA-38-112
REPORT: 2126 FAA APPROVED BY: _____________________________________
DATE OF APPROVAL:
JANUARY 20,1978
FAA APPROVED IN NORMAL AND UTILITY CATEGORIES BASED ON FAR 23 AND
FAR PART 21, SUBPART J. THIS HANDBOOK INCLUDES THE MATERIAL REQUIRED
TO BE FURNISHED TO THE PILOT BY FAR 23 AND FAR PART 21, SUBPART J AND
CONSTITUTES THE APPROVED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL AND MUST BE CARRIED IN
THE AIRPLANE AT ALL TIMES.
HANDBOOK PART NO. 761 658
TOMAHAWK
AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANUAL
AIRPLANE
WARD EVANS
D.O.A. NO. SO-1
PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION
VERO BEACH, FLORIDA
PILOT'S
OPERATING
HANDBOOK
FAA APPROVED
AND

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  • Page 1 REPORT: 2126 FAA APPROVED BY: _____________________________________ WARD EVANS D.O.A. NO. SO-1 DATE OF APPROVAL: PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION JANUARY 20,1978 VERO BEACH, FLORIDA FAA APPROVED IN NORMAL AND UTILITY CATEGORIES BASED ON FAR 23 AND FAR PART 21, SUBPART J. THIS HANDBOOK INCLUDES THE MATERIAL REQUIRED...
  • Page 2 THE USE OF THIS HANDBOOK TO APPLICABLE AIRCRAFT. THIS HANDBOOK IS VALID FOR USE WITH THE AIRPLANE IDENTIFIED ON THE FACE OF THE TITLE PAGE. SUBSEQUENT REVISIONS SUPPLIED BY PIPER MUST BE PROPERLY INSERTED. Published by PUBLICATIONS DEPARTMENT Issued: January 20, 1978 ©...
  • Page 4 APPLICABILITY Application of this handbook is limited to the specific Piper PA-38-112 model airplane designated by serial number and registration number on the face of the title page of this handbook. This handbook cannot be used for operational purposes unless kept in a current status.
  • Page 5 Black lines will indicate only current revisions with changes and additions to or deletions of existing text and illustrations. Changes in capitalization, spelling, punctuation or the physical location of material on a page will not be identified. ORIGINAL PAGES ISSUED The original pages issued for this handbook prior to revision are given below: Title, ii through vii, 1-1 through 1-21, 2-1 through 2-9, 3-1 through...
  • Page 6 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS Current Revisions to the PA-38-112 Tomahawk Pilot’s Operating Handbook, REPORT: 2126 issued January 20, 1978. Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 1 Revised 1.7 (c) (2) and (3).
  • Page 7 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 1 (cont) 4-18 Added items from pg. 4-15; relocated items to pgs. 4-20 and 4-21. 4-19 Added items from pgs. 4-16 and 4-17;...
  • Page 8 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 2 1-7,1-18 Revised spelling. 761 658 Added footnote. (PR781013) Revised Spin Recovery info. Revised Figure nos. 6-9,6-10 Revised footnote. 6-13 Revised TC no.
  • Page 9 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 3 Revised para. 4.3 (e). 761 658 Revised approach speed. (PR781218) 4-20 Added info. from pg. 4-21. (cont) 4-21 Relocated info.
  • Page 10 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 4 4-15 Revised and relocated material 761 658 from pg. 4-14, para. 4.13 (c). (PR790301) 4-17 Added relocated & revised (cont) material from pg.
  • Page 11 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 5 Added relocated info. from 761 658 pg. 2-3. (PR790606) Revised noise level value. (cont) Added winterization placard info.
  • Page 12 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 5 Revised index. 761 658 Added 6.00 x 6 tire info. to (PR790606) item 8.15, relocated items to (cont) pg.
  • Page 13 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 7 Revised Warning. 761 658 Revised fig. 1-1. (PR810115) Revised para. 1.13 (a) and (b). Revised Table of Contents. Relocated para.
  • Page 14 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 7 6-17a Added pg.; added items from 761 658 pg. 6-17; added new items (PR810115) 51 and 53. (cont) 6-17b Added pg.;...
  • Page 15 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 7 6-29 Revised items 301, 305 thru 761 658 311. (PR810115) 6-30 Added new item 317 thru (cont) 321;...
  • Page 16 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 8 4-24 Relocated para. 4.39 from 761 658 pg. 4.23; revised para. 4.4. (PR810430) 4-25 Cont. revision para. 4.43. (cont) 4-26, New page;...
  • Page 17 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cont) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 9 6-29 Added renumbered and re- 761 658 located items; added new (PR810630) items 255 and 257. (cont) 6-30 Added relocated items.
  • Page 18 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cONT) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 11 4-19 Revised para. 4.21. 761 658 Revised para. 5.5(a), (b), (c), (PR820510) thru (d), (f), (g). (cont) Revised Table of Contents.
  • Page 19 PILOT’S OPERATING HANDBOOK LOG OF REVISIONS (cONT) Revision FAA Approval Number and Revised Description of Revision Signature and Code Pages Date Rev. 13 7-5, Revised para. 7.9. 761 658 (PR890428) 7-14 Revised fig. 7-13 callouts. (cont) 7-16 Revised serial numbers. Revised para.
  • Page 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 GENERAL SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES SECTION 5 P E R F O R M A N C E SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 7 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF THE AIRPLANE AND ITS SYSTEMS SECTION 8 AIRPLANE HANDLING, SERVICING...

  • Page 21: Table Of Contents

    TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 1 GENERAL Paragraph Page Introduction ................Engine..................Propeller ................... Fuel................... Oil ................... 1.11 Maximum Weights ..............1.13 Standard Airplane Weights............1.15 Baggage Space ................. 1.17 Specific Loadings ..............1.19 Symbols, Abbreviations and Terminology ....... REPORT: 2126...

  • Page 22: Introduction

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 1 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK GENERAL SECTION 1 GENERAL 1.1 INTRODUCTION This Pilot’s Operating Handbook is designed for maximum utilization as an operating guide for the pilot. It includes the material required to be furnished to the pilot by FAR 23 and FAR Part 21, Subpart J. It also contains supplemental data supplied by the airplane manufacturer.
  • Page 23 SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION GENERAL PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK THREE VIEW Figure 1-1 REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 REVISED: JANUARY 15, 1981...

  • Page 24: Engine

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 1 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK GENERAL 1.3 ENGINE (a) Number of Engines (b) Engine Manufacturer Lycoming (c) Engine Model Number O-235-L2C (with Slick Mags.)or O-235-L2A (with Bendix Mags.) (d) Rated Horsepower (e) Rated Speed (rpm) 2600 (f) Bore (in.) 4.375...

  • Page 25: Oil

    SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION GENERAL PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 1.9 OIL (a) Oil Capacity (U.S. qts.) (b) Oil specification Refer to latest issue of Lycoming Service Instruction 1014. (c) Oil Viscosity Refer to Section 8 - paragraph 8.19. 1.11 MAXIMUM WEIGHTS...

  • Page 26: Specific Loadings

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 1 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK GENERAL 1.17 SPECIFIC LOADINGS (a) Wing Loading (lbs. per sq. ft.) 13.39 (b) Power loading (lbs. per hp) 14.9 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 REPORT: 2126...

  • Page 27: Symbols, Abbreviations And Terminology

    SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION GENERAL PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 1.19 SYMBOLS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY The following definitions are of symbols, abbreviations and termi- nology used throughout the handbook and those which may be of added operational significance to the pilot. (a) General Airspeed Terminology and Symbols...
  • Page 28 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 1 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK GENERAL V NE /M NE Never Exceed Speed or Mach Number is the speed limit that may not be exceeded at any time. V NO Maximum Structural Cruising Speed is the speed that should not be exceeded except in smooth air and then only with caution.
  • Page 29 SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION GENERAL PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Indicated T h e n u m b e r a c t u a l l y r e a d f r o m a n Pressure Altitude altimeter when the barometric subscale has been set to 29.92 inches of mercury (1013...
  • Page 31 SECTION 1 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION GENERAL PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Center of Gravity The point at which an airplane would (C.G.) balance if suspended. Its distance from the reference datum is found by dividing the total moment by the total weight of the airplane.
  • Page 32 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 1 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK GENERAL Maximum Maximum weight approved for the start of Takeoff Weight the takeoff run. Maximum Maximum weight approved for the landing Landing Weight touchdown. Maximum Zero Maximum weight exclusive of usable fuel. Fuel Weight...
  • Page 33 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS Paragraph Page General..................Airspeed Limitations ..............Airspeed Indicator Markings ............Power Plant Limitations.............. Power Plant Instrument Markings ..........2.11 Weight Limits ................2.13 Center of Gravity Limits............. 2 15 Maneuver Limits................. 2 17 Flight Maneuvering Load Factors..........2.18 Service Life Limits ..............

  • Page 34: General

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 2 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK LIMITATIONS SECTION 2 LIMITATIONS 2.1 GENERAL This section provides the “FAA Approved” operating limitations, instrument markings, color coding and basic placards necessary for the operation of the airplane and its systems. This airplane must be operated as a normal or utility category airplane in compliance with the operating limitations stated in the form of placards and markings and those given in this section and handbook.

  • Page 35: Airspeed Indicator Markings

    SECTION 2 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION LIMITATIONS PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK SPEED KIAS KCAS Never Exceed Speed (VNE) - Do not exceed this speed in any operation. Maximum Structural Cruising Speed (VNO) - Do not exceed this speed except in smooth air and then only with caution.

  • Page 36: Power Plant Instrument Markings

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 2 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK LIMITATIONS (d) Engine Operating Limits (1) Maximum Horsepower (2) Maximum Rotation Speed (RPM) 2600 (3) Maximum Oil Temperature 245°F (e) Oil Pressure Minimum (red line) *15 PSI Maximum (red line) 100 PSI (f) Fuel Pressure Minimum (red line) .5 PSI...

  • Page 37: Weight Limits

    SECTION 2 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION LIMITATIONS PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (d) Fuel Pressure Green Arc (Normal Operating Range) .5 PSI to 8 PSI Red Line (Minimum) .5 PSI Red Line (Maximum) 8 PSI 2.11 WEIGHT LIMITS Normal Utility (a) Maximum Weight 1670 lbs.

  • Page 38: Maneuver Limits

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 2 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK LIMITATIONS NOTES Straight line variation between points given. The datum used is 66.25 inches ahead of the wing leading edge. It is the responsibility of the airplane owner and the pilot to insure that the airplane is properly loaded.

  • Page 39: Service Life Limits

    77553-05, has been established as 3000 hours of operation. (e) On aircraft with serial numbers 38-81A0001 through 38-82A0101 without Piper Kit 764 421 installed, the service life of the fin spar attachment plate, drawing number 77553-05, has been established as 3000 hours of operation.

  • Page 40: Fuel Limitations

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 2 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK LIMITATIONS 2.21 FUEL LIMITATIONS (a) Total Capacity 32 U.S. GAL. (b) Unusable fuel 2 U.S. GAL . The unusable fuel for this airplane has been determined as 1.0 gallon in each wing in critical flight attitudes.

  • Page 41: Placards

    SECTION 2 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION LIMITATIONS PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 2.25 PLACARDS In full view of the pilot: Except as may be otherwise indicated on a placard, the markings and placards installed in this airplane contain operating limitations which must be complied with when operating this airplane in the normal category.
  • Page 42 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 2 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK LIMITATIONS In full view of the pilot: TAKEOFF CHECK LIST Fuel - Proper Tank Belts/harness - Fastened Mixture - Set Flaps - Set Electric Fuel Pump - On Trim - Set Carburetor Heat - Off...
  • Page 43 SECTION 2 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION LIMITATIONS PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK In full view of the pilot, on the throttle quadrant: FUEL In full view of the pilot, near the carburetor heat control: CARB. HEAT On optional document container: THIS CONTAINER PROVIDED FOR AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTS MAXIMUM WEIGHT OF CONTENTS 1.5 LBS.
  • Page 44 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 2 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK LIMITATIONS In view of the pilot (Aircraft with serial numbers 38-78A000l thru 38-81A0006): ALTERNATE STATIC SOURCE TO OPEN PUSH FORWARD In view of the pilot (Aircraft with serial numbers 38-81A0007 and up): ALTERNATE STATIC...
  • Page 45 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Paragraph Page General..................Emergency Procedures Checklist ..........Speeds ..................Engine Inoperative Procedures ..........Fire ..................Loss of Oil Pressure ............... Loss of Fuel Pressure ............. High Oil Temperature ............Alternator Failure..............Spin Recovery ................ Open Door................

  • Page 46: General

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 3 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SECTION 3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.1 GENERAL The recommended procedures for coping with various types of emergencies and critical situations are provided by this section. All of required (FAA regulations) emergency procedures and those necessary for operation of the airplane as determined by the operating and design features of the airplane are presented.

  • Page 47: Emergency Procedures Checklist

    SECTION 3 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 3.3 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES CHECKLIST SPEEDS Stall speeds 1670 lbs (0° flap) (Outboard Flow Strips Installed)......48 KIAS 1670 lbs. (full flap) (Outboard Flow Strips Installed)....47 KIAS 1670 lbs. (0° flap) (Outboard and Inboard Flow Strips Installed) ................52 KIAS...
  • Page 48 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 3 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Insufficient runway remaining: Airspeed ................maintain above stall Throttle ....................close Mixture ................IDLE CUT-OFF Fuel selector ....................OFF Master switch ..................OFF Magnetos ....................OFF Flaps................as situation requires Directional control............maintain - make only shallow turns to avoid obstacles.

  • Page 49: Fire

    SECTION 3 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK POWER OFF LANDING Trim for best glide angle (70 KIAS). Locate most suitable landing area. Establish spiral pattern. 1000 feet above field at downwind position for normal landing approach. When field can be easily reached, slow to 62 KIAS* or 67 KIAS** for shortest landing with a full stall touchdown.

  • Page 50: Loss Of Oil Pressure

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 3 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Electrical fire (smoke in cabin): Master switch ..................OFF Cabin heat....................OFF Defroster....................OFF Vents .................open to clear cabin Land as soon as practicable. LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE Land as soon as possible and investigate cause.

  • Page 51: Open Door

    SECTION 3 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Control wheel................full forward Throttle ....................close Rudder ...............neutral (when rotation stops) Control wheel.............as required to smoothly regain level flight attitude Flaps .....................retract OPEN DOOR If both upper and side latches are open, the door will trail slightly open and airspeeds will be reduced slightly.

  • Page 52: Amplified Emergency Procedures (General)

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 3 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.5 AMPLIFIED EMERGENCY PROCEDURES (GENERAL) The following paragraphs are presented to supply additional information for the purpose of providing the pilot with a more complete understanding of the recommended course of action and probable cause of an emergency situation.

  • Page 53: Engine Power Loss In Flight

    SECTION 3 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK If sufficient altitude has been gained to permit a restart attempt, maintain a safe airspeed and switch the fuel selector to another tank containing fuel. Check the electric fuel pump to ensure that it is ON. Check that the mixture control is set RICH and that carburetor heat is ON.

  • Page 54: Power Off Landing

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 3 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK EMERGENCY PROCEDURES POWER OFF LANDING If loss of power occurs at altitude, trim the airplane for best gliding angle (70 KIAS), and look for a suitable landing area. If the procedures for restoring power are not effective, and if time permits, check charts for airports in the immediate vicinity;...

  • Page 55: Fire In Flight

    SECTION 3 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK If the fire continues, leave the fuel selector OFF and the mixture at IDLE CUT-OFF, and abandon the airplane, applying the best external extinguishing means available. If the fire is on the ground near the airplane, it may be possible to taxi to safety.

  • Page 56: I Loss Of Oil Pressure

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 3 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 3.11 LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE Loss of oil pressure may be either partial or complete. A partial loss of oil pressure usually indicates a malfunction in the oil pressure regulating system, and a landing should be made as soon as possible to allow investigation of the cause and to prevent engine damage.

  • Page 57: Alternator Failure

    SECTION 3 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 3.17 ALTERNATOR FAILURE Loss of alternator output is detected through zero reading on the ammeter and illumination of the alternator warning light on the instrument panel. Before executing the following procedure, insure that the reading is zero and not merely low by actuating an electrically powered device, such as the landing light.

  • Page 58: Open Door

    3.21 OPEN DOOR The cabin doors on the Tomahawk are double latched; so the chances of one springing open in flight at both the top and side are remote. However, if improperly latched, a door may spring partially open. This will usually happen at takeoff or soon afterward.

  • Page 59: Loss Of Pitot-Static Pressure

    SECTION 3 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK If the engine is still rough, adjust the mixture for maximum smoothness. The engine will run rough if too rich or too lean. The electric fuel pump should be switched to ON and the fuel selector switched to the other tank to see if fuel contamination is the problem.
  • Page 60 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 4 NORMAL PROCEDURES Paragraph Page General..................Airspeeds for Safe Operations ............ Normal Procedures Checklist ............. Preflight Check ..............Before Starting Engine............Engine Start................Warm Up ................Taxiing ................... Ground Check ................ Before Takeoff ............... Takeoff ................... Climb ..................

  • Page 61: Paragraph Page

    TABLE OF CONTENTS (cont) SECTION 4 (cont) Paragraph Page 4.33 Parking ..................4-22 4.35 Stalls ................... 4-23 4.37 Turbulent Air Operation ............. 4-23 4.39 Weight and Balance ..............4-24 4.41 Maneuvers................... 4-24 4.43 Spins ................... 4-24 REPORT: 2126 4-ii...

  • Page 62: General

    4.1 GENERAL This section describes the recommended procedures for the conduct of normal operations for the Tomahawk. All of the required (FAA regulations) procedures and those necessary for the operation of the airplane as determined by the operating and design features of the airplane are presented.
  • Page 63 SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Performance for a specific airplane may vary from published figures depending upon the equipment installed, the condition of the engine, airplane and equipment, atmospheric conditions and piloting technique. (a) Best Rate Of Climb Speed...

  • Page 64: Preflight Check

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES WALK-AROUND Figure 4-1 4.5 NORMAL PROCEDURES CHECK LIST PREFLIGHT CHECK COCKPIT Control wheel ...............release restraints Ignition ....................OFF Master switch ....................ON Fuel quantity gauges ................check Alternator warning light ................check Master switch ..................OFF Primary flight controls ............proper operation...
  • Page 65 SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK LEFT WING Surface condition ...................check Flap and hinges..................check Aileron and hinges.................check Wing tip ....................check Lights ....................check Fuel cap....................open Fuel quantity and color ................check Fuel cap.................close and secure Fuel vent ....................open Fuel tank sump ..................drain Pitot head..................unobstructed...

  • Page 66: Before Starting Engine

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES EMPENNAGE General condition ..................check Hinges and attachments .................check Tie down ...................removed FUSELAGE (LEFT SIDE) Check as right side. BEFORE STARTING ENGINE Cabin doors................closed and latched Overhead latch ...................engaged Seats ................adjusted and locked Seat belts and harnesses ..............fastened...

  • Page 67: Warm Up

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK STARTING ENGINE WHEN HOT Throttle ....................cracked Master switch ....................ON Electric fuel pump ..................ON Mixture ...................full RICH Starter ....................engage Throttle....................adjust Oil pressure ...................check Electric fuel pump ...................OFF Fuel pressure..................check STARTING ENGINE WHEN FLOODED Throttle .....................open full...

  • Page 68: Taxiing

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES TAXIING Radios .......................ON Taxi area....................clear Brakes....................check Steering ....................check GROUND CHECK Brakes ......................set Throttle ..................1800 RPM Magnetos ........max. drop 175 RPM - max. diff. 50 RPM Vacuum ..................5.0” Hg ± .1 Oil temp....................check Oil pressure ...................check...

  • Page 69: Takeoff

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK TAKEOFF NORMAL Flaps......................set Tab ......................set Accelerate to 53 KIAS. Control Wheel ........back pressure to rotate to climb attitude SHORT FIELD, OBSTACLE CLEARANCE Flaps ..................21° (first notch) Accelerate to 53 KIAS. Control wheel ........back pressure to rotate to climb attitude Accelerate to 61 KIAS until obstacle clearance.

  • Page 70: Climb

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES CLIMB Best rate (flaps up)................70 KIAS Best angle (flaps up) .................61 KIAS Electrical fuel pump............OFF at desired altitude CRUISING Reference performance charts and Avco-Lycoming Operator’s Manual. Normal max power ..................75% Power ................set per power table Mixture....................adjust...

  • Page 71: Parking

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PARKING Parking brake .....................set Control wheel ..............secured with belts Flaps.....................full up Wheel chocks ..................in place Tie downs .....................secure REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 4-10 REVISED: JUNE 23, 1978...

  • Page 72: Amplified Normal Procedures (General)

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES 4.7 AMPLIFIED NORMAL PROCEDURES (GENERAL) The following paragraphs are provided to supply detailed information and explanations of the normal procedures necessary for the safe operation of the airplane. 4.9 PREFLIGHT CHECK The airplane should be given a thorough preflight and walk-around check.
  • Page 73 SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK recommended that drained fuel be collected in a suitable container, examined, and then discarded. After this procedure be sure that the drain valve is closed and that fuel is not dripping.

  • Page 74: Before Starting Engine

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES nose gear strut should show no sign of fluid leakage and should be inflated to show 3 inches of strut exposure. Clean and check the windshield. Remove the nose wheel chock if one has been employed.

  • Page 75: Starting Engine

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Seats should be positioned for best comfort and visibility. Be sure that the seats are securely latched in the tracks. Fasten seat belts and harnesses. Check that all circuit breakers are in. Exercise the throttle and mixture levers through their full travel to ensure that they operate smoothly.
  • Page 76 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES control lever to idle cut-off and engage the starter by rotating the magneto switch clockwise. When the engine fires, release the magneto switch, advance the mixture and retard the throttle. (d) Starting Engine With External Power Source*...
  • Page 77 SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK When the engine is firing evenly, advance the throttle to 800 RPM. If oil pressure is not indicated within thirty seconds, stop the engine and determine the trouble. In cold weather it will take a few seconds longer to get an oil pressure indication.

  • Page 78: Warm-Up

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES 4.15 WARM-UP Warm-up the engine at 800 to 1200 RPM for not more than two minutes in warm weather and four minutes in cold. Avoid prolonged idling at low RPM, as this practice may result in fouled spark plugs.

  • Page 79: Before Takeoff

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NOTE Avoid engagement of starter or turning the switch to off when performing magneto check. Check the vacuum gauge; the indicator should read 5.0” ± .1” Hg at 2000 RPM. Carburetor heat should also be checked prior to takeoff to be sure the control is operating properly and to clear any ice which may have formed during taxiing.

  • Page 80: Takeoff

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES After adjusting the seat for pilot comfort, check to be sure that the seat is securely latched by the two locking pins in the floor track by pushing back and forth.

  • Page 81: Climb

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK SOFT FIELD, OBSTACLE CLEARANCE Lower the flaps one notch. Apply power with brakes released. Ease back on the control wheel just enough to raise the nose wheel from the ground as soon as possible, and lift off at the lowest possible airspeed.

  • Page 82: Approach And Landing

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES The mixture should be leaned during cruising operation when 75% power or less is being used. If any doubt exists as to the amount of power being used, the mixture should be in the FULL RICH position for all operations.

  • Page 83: Stopping Engine

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK carburetor icing, since the use of carburetor heat causes a reduction in power which may be critical in case of a go-around. Full throttle operation with carburetor heat on can cause detonation.

  • Page 84: Turbulent Air Operation

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES Tie downs can be secured to rings provided under each wing and to the tail skid. The rudder is held in position by its connections to the nose wheel steering and normally does not have to be secured.

  • Page 85: Weight And Balance

    SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 4.39 WEIGHT AND BALANCE It is the responsibility of the pilot and aircraft owner to determine that the airplane remains within the allowable weight vs. center of gravity envelope while in flight.
  • Page 86 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES SPIN ENTRY The spin should be entered from a power-off glide by reducing speed at about 1 kt/sec until the airplane stalls. Apply full aft control wheel and full rudder in the desired spin direction. This control configuration with the throttle closed should be held throughout the spin.
  • Page 87 SECTION 4 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION NORMAL PROCEDURES PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK The immediate effect of applying normal recovery controls may be an appreciable steepening of the nose down attitude and an increase in rate of spin rotation. This characteristic indicates that the aircraft is recovering...
  • Page 88 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 4 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK NORMAL PROCEDURES result in yaw and “fish-tailing.’’ If the rudder is not centralized it would be possible to exceed the maximum maneuver speed (V ) of 103 kt with the surface fully deflected.
  • Page 89 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE Paragraph Page General..................Introduction - Performance and Flight Planning ......Flight Planning Example ............Performance Graphs ..............List of Figures ................ REPORT: 2126...
  • Page 90 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE 5.1 GENERAL All of the required (FAA regulations) and complementary performance information applicable to this aircraft is provided by this section. Performance information associated with those optional systems and equipment which require handbook supplements is provided by Section 9 (Supplements).
  • Page 91 SECTION 5 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PERFORMANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK The information provided by paragraph 5.5 (Flight Planning Example) outlines a detailed flight plan using the performance charts in this section. Each chart includes its own example to show how it is used.
  • Page 92 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE 5.5 FLIGHT PLANNING EXAMPLE (a) Aircraft loading The first step in planning a flight is to calculate the airplane weight and center of gravity by utilizing the information provided by Section 6 (Weight and Balance) of this handbook.
  • Page 93 SECTION 5 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PERFORMANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (b) Takeoff and Landing Now that the aircraft loading has been determined, all aspects of takeoff and landing must be considered. All of the existing conditions at the departure and destination airport must be acquired, evaluated and maintained throughout the flight.
  • Page 94 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE (c) Climb The next step in the flight plan is to determine the necessary climb segment components. The desired cruise pressure altitude and corresponding cruise outside air temperature values are the first variables to be considered in determining the climb components from the Fuel, Time and Distance to Climb graph (Figure 5-15).
  • Page 95 SECTION 5 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PERFORMANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK destination airport as variables to find the fuel, time and distance values from the graph (Figure 5-31). Now, subtract the values obtained from the field conditions from the values obtained from the cruise conditions to find the true fuel, time and distance values needed for the flight plan.
  • Page 96 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE (4) Cruise Speed 88.5 KTS TAS* (5) Cruise Fuel 4.9 GPH (6) Cruise Time (e)(2) divided by (e)(4), (291 miles divided by 88.5 KTS) 3.29 hrs. (7) Cruise Fuel (e)(5) multiplied by (e)(6), (4.9 GHP multiplied by 3.29 hrs.)
  • Page 97 SECTION 5 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PERFORMANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978...
  • Page 98 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE 5.7 PERFORMANCE GRAPHS LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Temperature Conversion ............. 5-10a 5-1a Airspeed Calibration..............5-10b Stall Speed Vs. Angle of Bank (Outboard Flow Strips Installed) ............. 5-11 Stall Speed Vs. Angle of Bank (Outboard and Inboard Flow Strips Installed).........
  • Page 99 SECTION 5 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PERFORMANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: DECEMBER 15, 1977 5-10 REVISED: JUNE 6, 1979...
  • Page 100 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE TEMPERATURE CONVERSION Figure 5-1 ISSUED: JUNE 6, 1979 REPORT: 2126 5-10a...
  • Page 102 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE STALL SPEED VS. ANGLE OF BANK (OUTBOARD FLOW STRIPS INSTALLED) Figure 5-2 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 REPORT: 2126 REVISED: DECEMBER 18, 1978 5-11...
  • Page 103 SECTION 5 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION PERFORMANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK STALL SPEED VS. ANGLE OF BANK (OUTBOARD AND INBOARD FLOW STRIPS INSTALLED) Figure 5-3 REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 5-12 REVISED: DECEMBER 18, 1978...
  • Page 110 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 5 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK PERFORMANCE ENGINE PERFORMANCE Figure 5-17 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 REPORT: 2126 5-19...
  • Page 123 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE Paragraph Page General..................Airplane Weighing Procedure............. Weight and Balance Data and Record ........Weight and Balance Determination for Flight......*Equipment List ................6-13 Propeller and Propeller Accessories......6-13 Engine and Engine Accessories ........6-14 Landing Gear and Brakes ..........

  • Page 124: General

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 6 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK WEIGHT AND BALANCE SECTION 6 WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.1 GENERAL In order to achieve the performance and flying characteristics which are designed into the airplane, it must be flown with the weight and center of gravity (C.G.) position within the approved operating range (envelope).

  • Page 125: Airplane Weighing Procedure

    Following this is the method for computing takeoff weight and C.G. 6.3 AIRPLANE WEIGHING PROCEDURE At the time of licensing, Piper Aircraft Corporation provides each airplane with the basic empty weight and center of gravity location. This data is supplied by Figure 6-7.
  • Page 126 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 6 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK WEIGHT AND BALANCE (4) Fill to full capacity with oil and operating fluids. (5) Place pilot and copilot seats in a center position on the seat tracks. Put flaps in the fully retracted position and all control surfaces in the neutral position.
  • Page 127 SECTION 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (d) Center of Gravity (1) The following geometry applies to the PA-38-112 airplane when it is level. Refer to Leveling paragraph 6.3 (b). LEVELING DIAGRAM Figure 6-3 (2) The empty weight center of gravity (as weighed including...

  • Page 128: Weight And Balance Data And Record

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 6 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK WEIGHT AND BALANCE (e) Basic Empty Weight Weight x (Inches Aft = Moment Item (Lbs) of Datum) (Lb-In.) Weight (as Weighed) Unusable fuel (2 gal.) 12.0 75.4 Basic Empty Weight BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT Figure 6-5 6.5 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DATA AND RECORD...
  • Page 129 SECTION 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK MODEL PA-38-112 TOMAHAWK Airplane Serial Number _______________________ Registration Number __________________________ Date _______________________________________ AIRPLANE BASIC EMPTY WEIGHT C.G. Arm Weight x (Inches Aft = Moment Item (Lbs ) of Datum) (Lb-In.)
  • Page 130 PA-38-112 Serial Number Registration Number Page Number Running Basic Weight Change Empty Weight Description of Article Date Moment Moment or Modification (Lb.) (In.) /100 (Lb.) /100 As licensed...
  • Page 131 PA-38-112 Serial Number Registration Number Page Number Running Basic Weight Change Empty Weight Description of Article Date Moment Moment or Modification (Lb.) (In.) /100 (Lb.) /100...

  • Page 132: Weight And Balance Determination For Flight

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 6 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK WEIGHT AND BALANCE 6.7 WEIGHT AND BALANCE DETERMINATION FOR FLIGHT (a) Add the weight of all items to be loaded to the basic empty weight. (b) Use the Loading Graph (Figure 6-15) to determine the moment of all items to be carried in the airplane.
  • Page 133 SECTION 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Arm Aft Weight Datum Moment (Lbs.) (Inches) (Lb-In.) Basic Empty Weight Pilot and Passenger** 85.5 Fuel (30 Gallon Maximum) 75.4 Baggage (100 Lbs. Maximum)* 115.0 Total Loaded Airplane Totals must be within approved weight and C.G. limits. It is the responsi- bility of the airplane owner and the pilot to insure that the airplane is loaded properly.
  • Page 134 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 6 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK WEIGHT AND BALANCE *Loading graph is shown with the seats in the fourth notch from the most forward position. If C.G. falls near the forward or aft limit, occupant seat positions are important; and moments should be calculated by multiplying pilot and passenger weight by appropriate arm aft datum (see Figure 6-14), rather than determined by the loading graph.
  • Page 135 SECTION 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK C. G. RANGE AND WEIGHT Figure 6-17 REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 6-12...
  • Page 153 SECTION 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JUNE 30, 1981 6-25c...
  • Page 161 SECTION 6 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION WEIGHT AND BALANCE PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...
  • Page 162 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 7 DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF THE AIRPLANE AND ITS SYSTEMS Paragraph Page The Airplane ................Airframe..................Engine and Propeller..............Landing Gear and Brakes ............Flight Controls ................7.11 Engine Controls ................7.13 Fuel System ................7.15 Electrical System ................

  • Page 163: The Airplane

    DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF THE AlRPLANE AND ITS SYSTEMS 7.1 THE AIRPLANE The Piper Tomahawk is a single-engine, fixed gear, low wing monoplane of all metal construction. It has two-place seating and a one hundred pound baggage capacity. 7.3 AIRFRAME...

  • Page 164: Engine And Propeller

    SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK The empennage is a T-tail configuration with a fixed horizontal stabilizer mounted atop the vertical fin. 7.5 ENGINE AND PROPELLER The PA-38-112 is powered by a Lycoming O-235-L2C or O-235-L2A four cylinder, direct drive, horizontally opposed engine rated at 112 horsepower at 2600 RPM.

  • Page 165: Landing Gear And Brakes

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION A Sensenich 72CK-0-56 fixed pitch, two-bladed aluminum alloy propeller with a metal spinner is installed as standard equipment. The propeller has a 72 inch diameter with a 56 inch pitch which is determined at 75%, of the diameter.
  • Page 166 SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK WHEEL ASSEMBLIES Figure 7-1 REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978...
  • Page 167 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION FLIGHT CONTROL CONSOLE Figure 7-3 7.9 FLlGHT CONTROLS Dual flight controls are standard equipment on the PA-38-112. The flight controls actuate the primary control surfaces through a cable system, and the controls are balanced for light operating forces.

  • Page 168: Engine Controls

    SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK degrees extended, and fully (34 degrees) extended. To extend the flaps, pull the flap handle aft to the desired flap setting, hesitating momentarily as the ratchet locks into position. To retract the flaps, press the button on the end of the flap handle to disengage the ratchet and push the flap handle to the desired flap setting.
  • Page 169 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION CONTROL QUADRANT FUEL SELECTOR Figure 7-5 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 REPORT: 2126...

  • Page 170: Electrical System

    SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK An auxiliary electric fuel pump is provided in case the engine-driven pump fails. The electric pump should be ON for all takeoffs and landings and when switching tanks. The fuel pump switch is located in the switch panel to the left of the throttle quadrant.
  • Page 172 SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Standard electrical accessories include a starter, a key lock ignition, an electric fuel pump, an audible stall warning, fuel gauges, an ammeter, and an alternator warning light. The system provides for the addition of such optional accessories as interior and exterior lights, a heated pitot head, and communication and navigational equipment.
  • Page 173 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION ALTERNATOR AND STARTER SCHEMATIC S/N 38-78A0001 THRU 38-78A0800 Figure 7-9 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 REPORT: 2126 REVISED: JANUARY 15, 1981 7-11...
  • Page 174 SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 15, 1981 7-11a...
  • Page 175 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION ALTERNATOR AND STARTER SCHEMATIC S/N 38-78A0801 AND UP Figure 7-9a ISSUED: JANUARY 15, 1981 REPORT: 2126 7-11b...
  • Page 176 SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK CIRCUIT BREAKER PANEL Figure 7-11 REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 7-12 REVISED: DECEMBER 6, 1979...

  • Page 177: Instrument Panel

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION master switch should be turned off for l second to reset the overvoltage relay. If the ammeter continues to indicate no output, electrical load should be maintained at the absolute minimum and the flight should be terminated as soon as practicable.

  • Page 179: Vacuum System

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION 7.19 VACUUM SYSTEM* The vacuum system is designed to operate the air driven gyro instruments. This includes the directional and attitude gyros when installed. The system consists of an engine-driven vacuum pump, a vacuum regulator, a filter and the necessary plumbing.
  • Page 180 SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 7.21 PlTOT-STATlC SYSTEM The pitot-static system supplies pressure to operate the airspeed indicator, the altimeter and the optional vertical speed indicator (Figure 7-15). Pitot pressure is picked up by a pitot head installed on the bottom of the left wing and static pressure is picked up by the pads on both sides of the aft fuselage.

  • Page 182: Heating And Ventilating System

    SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM Figure 7-17 REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 7-18 REVISED: JANUARY 15, 1981...

  • Page 183: Cabin Features

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION 7.23 HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM Heat for the cabin interior and the defroster system (Figure 7-17) is provided by a shroud attached to the mufflers. Fumes in the cockpit could be an indication of an exhaust leak;...
  • Page 184 SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK UPPER AND MAIN DOOR LATCHES Figure 7-19 REPORT: 2126 ISSUED: JANUARY 20, 1978 7-20...

  • Page 185: Baggage Area

    All exterior surfaces are primed with etching primer and finished with acrylic lacquer. To keep the finish attractive, economy size spray cans of touch-up paint are available from Piper Dealers. 7.33 EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER* The Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT), when installed, is enclosed under a hinged cover on the aft portion of the cockpit center console.
  • Page 186 SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK A battery replacement date is marked on the transmitter label. To comply with FAA regulations, the battery must be replaced on or before this date. The battery must also be replaced if the transmitter has been used in an emergency situation or if the accumulated test time exceeds one hour, or if the unit has been inadvertently activated for an undetermined time period.
  • Page 187 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 7 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK DESCRIPTION & OPERATION A button labled “RESET” is located above the selector switch. To rearm the unit after it has been turned off or after it has been activated, the “RESET” button should be pressed in after the selector switch has been placed in the “ARM”...

  • Page 188: Fire Extinguisher (Portable)

    SECTION 7 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION DESCRIPTION & OPERATION PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 7.37 FIRE EXTINGUISHER (PORTABLE)* A portable fire extinguisher is mounted to the floor of the baggage compartment directly behind the flight control console between the seats. The extinguisher is suitable for use on liquid or electrical fires. It is operated by aiming the nozzle at the base of the fire and squeezing the trigger grip.
  • Page 189 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 8 AIRPLANE HANDLING, SERVICING AND MAINTENANCE Paragraph Page General..................Airplane Inspection Periods............Preventive Maintenance.............. Airplane Alterations..............Ground Handling ................ 8.11 Engine Air Filter ................. 8.13 Brake Service................8.15 Landing Gear Service ..............8.17 Propeller Service................. 8-11 8.19 Oil Requirements ................

  • Page 190: General

    This information is provided to all authorized Piper Service Centers. Service Letters deal with product improvements and servicing techniques pertaining to the airplane. They are sent to Piper Service Centers and, if necessary, to the latest FAA-registered owners in the U.S. Owners should give careful attention to Service Letter information.

  • Page 191: Airplane Inspection Periods

    Bulletins, Service Letters, and Service Spares Letters. This service is available to interested persons such as owners, pilots, and mechanics at a nominal fee and may be obtained through an authorized Piper Service Center or Piper’s Customer Services Department. Maintenance manuals, parts catalogs, and revisions to both, are available from Piper Service Centers or Piper’s Customer Services Department.

  • Page 192: Preventive Maintenance

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 8 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HANDLING, SERV & MAINT In addition, but in conjunction with the above, the FAA requires periodic inspections on all aircraft to keep the Airworthiness Certificate in effect. The owner is responsible for assuring compliance with these inspection requirements and for maintaining proper documentation in logbooks and/or maintenance records.

  • Page 193: Airplane Alterations

    SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 8.7 AIRPLANE ALTERATIONS If the owner desires to have the aircraft modified, FAA approval must be obtained for the alteration. Major alterations accomplished in accordance with Advisory Circular 43.13-2, when performed by an A & P mechanic, may be approved by the local FAA office.

  • Page 194: Ground Handling

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 8 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HANDLING, SERV & MAINT 8.9 GROUND HANDLING (a) Towing The airplane may be moved on the ground by the use of the nose wheel steering bar* that is stowed in the baggage compartment or by power equipment that will not damage or excessively strain the nose gear steering assembly.
  • Page 195 SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (c) Parking When parking the airplane, be sure that it is sufficiently protected from adverse weather conditions and that it presents no danger to other aircraft. When parking the airplane for any length of time or overnight, it is suggested that it be moored securely.

  • Page 196: Engine Air Filter

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 8 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HANDLING, SERV & MAINT NOTE Additional preparations for high winds include using tie-down ropes from the nose landing gear fork and securing the rudder. (6) Install a pitot head cover if available Be sure to remove the pitot head cover before flight.

  • Page 197: Brake Service

    SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 8.13 BRAKE SERVICE The brake system (Figure 8-1) is filled with Univis No. 40 or MIL-H-5606 (petroleum base) hydraulic brake fluid. The fluid level should be checked periodically or at every 50 hour inspection and replenished when necessary.
  • Page 199 SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK Should fluid be below the bottom of the filler plug hole, fluid should be added. Replace the plug with the valve core removed; attach a clear plastic hose to the valve stem of the filler plug and submerge the other end in a con- tainer of Univis No.

  • Page 200: Propeller Service

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 8 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HANDLING, SERV & MAINT 8.17 PROPELLER SERVICE The spinner and backing plate should be frequently cleaned and inspected for cracks. Before each flight the propeller should be inspected for nicks, scratches, and corrosion. If found, they should be repaired as soon as possible by a rated mechanic, since a nick or scratch causes an area of increased stress which can lead to serious cracks or the loss of a propeller tip.

  • Page 201: Fuel System

    SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK 8.21 FUEL SYSTEM (a) Servicing Fuel System At every 50 hour inspection, the fuel screens in the strainer, in the electric fuel pump and at the carburetor inlet must be cleaned.
  • Page 202 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 8 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HANDLING, SERV & MAINT FUEL TANK DRAIN Figure 8-3 CAUTION When draining any amount of fuel, care should be taken to ensure that no fire hazard exists before starting the engine. After draining, each quick drain should be checked to make sure it has closed completely and is not leaking.

  • Page 203: Tire Inflation

    SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (c) Draining Fuel System The bulk of the fuel may be drained from the system by opening the valve at the inboard end of each tank. Push up on the arms of the drain valve and turn counterclockwise to hold the drain open.

  • Page 204: Cleaning

    PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 8 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HANDLING, SERV & MAINT a drain tube which is normally closed off with a cap and which should be opened occasionally to drain off any accumulation of liquid. The battery should be checked for proper fluid level. DO NOT fill the battery above the baffle plates.
  • Page 205 SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (b) Cleaning Landing Gear Before cleaning the landing gear, place a plastic cover or similar material over the wheel and brake assembly. (1) Place a pan under the gear to catch waste.
  • Page 206 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 8 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK HANDLING, SERV & MAINT (d) Cleaning Windshield and Windows (1) Remove dirt, mud and other loose particles from exterior surfaces with clean water. (2) Wash with mild soap and warm water or with aircraft plastic cleaner.

  • Page 207: Lubrication

    SECTION 8 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION HANDLING, SERV & MAINT PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (f) Cleaning Carpets To clean carpets, first remove loose dirt with a whisk broom or vacuum. For soiled spots and stubborn stains use a nonflammable dry cleaning fluid. Floor carpets may be removed and cleaned like any household carpet.
  • Page 208 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS Paragraph/Supplement Page General..................REPORT: 2126...
  • Page 209 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SECTION 9 PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK SUPPLEMENTS SECTION 9 SUPPLEMENTS GENERAL This section provides information in the form of Supplements which are necessary for efficient operation of the airplane when equipped with one or more of the various optional systems and equipment not provided with the standard airplane.
  • Page 210 SECTION 9 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SUPPLEMENTS PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK...
  • Page 211 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION 10 SAFETY TIPS Paragraph Page 10.1 General..................10-1 10.3 Safety Tips .................. 10-1 REPORT: 2126 10-i...
  • Page 212 SAFETY TIPS 10.1 GENERAL This section provides safety tips of particular value in the operation of the Piper Tomahawk. 10.3 SAFETY TIPS (a) Learn to trim for takeoff so that only a very light back pressure on the control wheel is required to lift the airplane off the ground.
  • Page 213 SECTION 10 PIPER AIRCRAFT CORPORATION SAFETY TIPS PA-38-112, TOMAHAWK (g) The rudder pedals are suspended from a torque tube which extends across the fuselage. The pilot should become familiar with the proper positioning of the feet on the rudder pedals so as to avoid interference with the torque tube when moving the rudder pedals or operating the toe brakes.

This manual is also suitable for:

Pa-38-112

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