Related Manuals for Magellan GPS PROMARK X
Summary of Contents for Magellan GPS PROMARK X
- Page 1 USER GUIDE for the MAGELLAN GPS P MARK X and the MAGELLAN GPS P MARK X-CM Magellan Systems Corporation 471 El Camino Real Santa Clara, California 95050 (408) 615-5100 FAX (408) 615-5200 630237 B...
- Page 2 Magellan Systems Corporation. Magellan™, GPS ProMARK X™, and GPS ProMARK X-CM™ are the trademarks of Magellan Corporation. 630237 B...
- Page 3 WARNINGS A measure of knowledge by the user is required for proper and safe use of the Magellan GPS ProMARK X™ and GPS ProMARK X-CM™. READ THE USER GUIDE AND WARRANTY COMPLETELY. Assess the Accuracy Required The ProMARK X is generally capable of better than 12 meters (RMS) horizon- tal accuracy in autonomous operation and better than 3 meters (RMS) horizon- tal in differential operation —...
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
CONTENTS Chapter 1 — Introduction The ProMARK X ............1-1 About This Manual ............ 1-2 Sample Displays ............1-2 Key Representation ............ 1-3 Chapter 2 — Getting Started Introduction .............. 2-1 Batteries ..............2-1 Loading the Alkaline Batteries ......... 2-2 Loading the NiCad Battery Pack ...... - Page 6 Chapter 3 — SETUP SETUP ................ 3-2 Entering an Initial Position ........3-3 Selecting Mode and Entering Altitude ....3-4 Setting the Time ............ 3-4 Choosing a Mask Angle ........3-5 Data Sample Rate ..........3-6 Choosing a Coordinate System ......3-8 Selecting a Map Datum ........
- Page 7 Chapter 5 — Waypoints, Routes, and Navigation Waypoint ..............5-1 Saving Positions as Waypoints ....... 5-1 Entering Waypoints Manually ........ 5-2 Viewing Stored Waypoints ........5-3 Renaming Waypoints ..........5-4 Clearing a Waypoint ..........5-5 Saving an Averaged Position as a Waypoint ... 5-5 Route ................
- Page 8 Choosing a Datum ..........8-14 Using the Unit Near the Poles ........8-15 Storing the Unit ............8-15 When Nothing Else Works ........8-15 Magellan's Customer Support ......... 8-16 Appendix 1 — Global Positioning System ........A-1 2 — Differential Theory ..........A-5 3 —...
- Page 9 System (GPS). This manual was created to serve as a reference guide for the ProMARK X-CM and the ProMARK X GPS receivers, manufactured by Magellan Systems Corporation. The ProMARK X-CM receiver is a 10-channel, SPS receiver that can collect carrier phase data.
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Page 11: Chapter 1 - Introduction
The ProMARK X is generally capable of 12 meters (RMS) horizontal accuracy in autonomous operation and in the absence of selective availability (SA). This can be improved by using the Magellan Post-Processing Software to calculate differential; post-processed differential with the ProMARK X can achieve 3 meters horizontal accuracy. -
Page 12: About This Manual
ProMARK X Introduction About This Manual This chapter presents a general overview of the manual and a brief descrip- tion of the ProMARK X. Chapter 2 introduces the user to the unit's keys, walks the user through the initialization process, and describes how to get position fixes with the ProMARK X. -
Page 13: Key Representation
ProMARK X Introduction Key Representation The key names are always shown in caps and are abbreviated to appear as they appear on the unit's keypad: for example, the auxiliary key is "AUX." The exceptions are the arrow keys, whose names are always spelled out: LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW. - Page 14 ProMARK X Introduction...
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Page 15: Chapter 2 Getting Started
The ProMARK X can also be powered from the Magellan Rechargeable Battery Pack. The battery pack contains six high-capacity nickel cadmium batteries, which are compatible with the power requirements of Magellan products. -
Page 16: Loading The Alkaline Batteries
The ProMARK X is shipped with alkaline batteries already installed. The Rechargeable Battery Pack and a variety of charging adapters are available as options from your Magellan dealer. Loading the Alkaline Batteries. Use the procedure below to install alkaline batteries in the unit. -
Page 17: Battery Operation
ProMARK X Getting Started 4. Remove the batteries from the clip and replace them with fresh ones. Be sure the batteries are oriented as shown on the clip. 5. Insert the fresh clip into the battery compartment; it will fit only with the open side facing you and the clip’s external contacts on the right. -
Page 18: External Power Operation
External power bypasses the batteries. At no time are alkaline or NiCad batteries recharged in the unit. The unit can be operated from an AC power source when a Magellan adapter is used. AC adapters are currently available for 110 VAC, 220 VAC, and 240 VAC. -
Page 19: The Keys
ProMARK X Getting Started The external power jack is located on the right side of the unit, opposite the antenna. Insert the 8-pin connector of the adapter into the power jack. The power lost message appears when the level of external power being supplied to the unit is below minimum requirements. -
Page 20: Light
ProMARK X Getting Started Light The LIGHT key backlights the message display and keypad. Press the key to turn the light on and off. The light turns off automatically when the unit is turned off. It also turns off when the second battery warning appears and if external power is lost. NOTE The light is a significant drain on your batteries The brightness of the display when the light is on can be adjusted in SETUP. -
Page 21: On/Off
When the unit is turned on, it per- VERIFYING forms a memory check. MEMORY Next, the unit displays a "title page." Copyright Magellan Corporation 1997 The unit then displays a temporary power status message, indicating if the unit is operating from batter- BATTERY POWER ies or an external power source. -
Page 22: Power-Off
ProMARK X Getting Started Power-Off. To turn the unit off, press the ON/OFF key again. When the ON/ OFF key is pressed while the unit is on, the unit begins a countdown from 5 to 0 seconds. This countdown is displayed on the screen. When the counter reaches 0 the **WARNING** unit turns off. -
Page 23: Initializing Manually
ProMARK X Getting Started NOTE This section is intended to provide only enough information to set the initial position, altitude, mode, time, and date before the unit is used for the first time, and assumes that all user-set operating parameters will remain at default. You must read SETUP in Chapter 3 to fully customize the unit. - Page 24 ProMARK X Getting Started NOTE If you initialize in Lat/Lon coordinates, the default hemispheres are North and West. The unit assumes that the hemispheres you choose here (or the hemispheres calculated in the last position fix, whichever is more recent) are current. These hemispheres are offered as your first choice when you enter a waypoint manually.
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Page 25: Self-Initializing
ProMARK X Getting Started Press the DOWN ARROW and INIT TIME: ENTER to enter in the initial date and time. The default format for 01/05/94 the date is month/day/year. Enter in the date then press ENTER. You are then prompted to enter INIT TIME: the time in UT (Universal Coordi- nated Time) which is the time at... -
Page 26: Orienting The Antenna
ProMARK X Getting Started Orienting the Antenna In order to locate and acquire satellites, the antenna must have a clear view of the sky. While signals will pass through canvas and glass (not fiberglass), satellite signals will not pass through metal or people. The unit has a detachable, rotating quadrifilar antenna. -
Page 27: Collecting An Almanac
ProMARK X Getting Started Obstructions Block the Signals If you often operate in a sheltered or covered station, consider using the optional external antenna. The external antenna can be permanently mounted to any flat surface, temporarily attached to a flat surface with a magnetic mount, or screwed onto a range pole. - Page 28 ProMARK X Getting Started it in its memory. This means that before you obtain a position fix, the unit already knows which satellites are scheduled to be in view (given your last position or initial position) and where in the sky to look for them. NOTE The ProMARK X is shipped with an almanac.
- Page 29 ProMARK X Getting Started The Position (POS) Key When the POS key is pressed, the ProMARK X checks its almanac. (ProMARK X is shipped with an almanac.) If satellites are visible to its last known position (last fix or initial position), the satellite search algorithm starts.
- Page 30 ProMARK X Getting Started If satellites are scheduled to be in WAITING FOR FIX view, the unit immediately starts searching for them. Satellite re- ceiver activity is monitored on the 0 0 1 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 2- page receiver status screen.
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Page 31: The Position Display
ProMARK X Getting Started RECEIVER STATUS Signal Strength 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 Satellite Number 1 5 3 0 5 1 7 D T T B S T T I I D Satellite Status Satellite Status Codes: S - Searching – Receiver is searching for a particular satellite. This is based on information from the almanac. -
Page 32: Position Fix Updates
ProMARK X Getting Started Press the DOWN ARROW to see WGS84 the current datum, date, and time. 09/12/93 22:58:02UT Press the DOWN ARROW again to PDOP 2.2 see which satellites were used to compute the position, the SQ, and the PDOP of the fix. (See Appendix 0 2 2 2 0 2 0 8 and 9 for a description of PDOP 1 5 3 0 5 1 7... - Page 33 ProMARK X Getting Started Ü PDOP — Appears on all position screens when the Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) of the position fix is 10.1 or greater. The accuracy of the fix is uncertain; do not use this fix for navigating.
- Page 34 ProMARK X Getting Started stored waypoints and in the POS and WPT functions when more than four satellites were used to compute the displayed position fix. Down Arrow — Appears on most function displays to indicate the presence of additional information screens. In SETUP and AUX, indicates additional SETUP and AUX features.
- Page 35 ProMARK X SETUP Chapter 3 SETUP In this chapter the user will be introduced to the eighteen setup functions which are accessed by pressing the SETUP key. These set up functions will be covered in the numerical order in which they appear in the ProMARK X, and are listed in the table below.
- Page 36 ProMARK X SETUP SETUP PAGE DESCRIPTION/FUNCTION Altitude Units 3-14 Select either meters or feet to represent altitude. Magnetic Variance 3-14 Allows the user to define whether a magnetic variation is applied automatically by the ProMARK X, not applied at all, or has a user- defined value applied.
- Page 37 ProMARK X SETUP followed by ENTER, ENTER. The other method is to press SETUP and use the DOWN ARROW to scroll forward or use CLEAR to scroll backward through the SETUP functions until the one you want is displayed. Press ENTER. NOTE In this chapter the user is prompted to "access"...
- Page 38 ProMARK X SETUP Key in the longitude, then use the RIGHT ARROW to toggle between E and W hemispheres. Press ENTER. SETUP 2 — Selecting Mode and Entering Altitude. The ProMARK X has three modes of operation. The default mode is 3D, which uses a minimum of four satellites to determine position.
- Page 39 ProMARK X SETUP The unit collects the current time (UT) from the GPS satellites when it collects or refreshes its almanac. It is therefore unnecessary to set the date or time if you want to operate on UT. If you prefer, the unit can display local time on a 12-hour (AM/PM) clock or a 24-hour local clock.
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Page 40: Data Sample Rate
ProMARK X SETUP The currently selected mask angle is displayed on the Unit Ready display for 2 seconds when the unit is turned on. This will appear in the form MAxx on the fourth line of the display, where xx is a number representing the mask angle. - Page 41 ProMARK X SETUP Access SETUP 6 (Timer). Select DIF TIMER: "ON" by pressing the RIGHT ARROW. 12/09/94 05:32UT Press ENTER. To key in a new date and time, press CLEAR. DIF TIMER: Enter the date followed by EN- 03/27/95 13:11UT TER, then enter the time.
- Page 42 ProMARK X SETUP Use the RIGHT ARROW to DATAPORTS SELECT LOG, COMM, OFF, NMEA, or RTCM. Press EN- PORT1 TER. Next, use the RIGHT ARROW DATAPORTS to select the baud rate for port 1. Select 9600, 19.2, 38.4, PORT1 115, 1200, 2400, or 4800. 9600 BPS After you have set the ports, press the RIGHT ARROW to...
- Page 43 ProMARK X SETUP You may also select how Lat/Lon coordinates are displayed. You may select degrees/minutes and display minutes to two or four places, or select degrees/ minutes/seconds and display the two-digit seconds with or without two decimal places. The following table shows the same position in each format. DEG/MIN (.01) DEG/MIN (.0001) DEG/MIN/SEC (1.0)
- Page 44 ProMARK X SETUP If you prefer, you can enter and save up to five user-entered grids. User- entered grids are non-standard grids that are used in relatively small operational areas, in areas where grid systems are locally prescribed, and in areas that are not directly supported by any of the built-in coordinate systems.
- Page 45 ProMARK X SETUP Key in the grid’s latitude of origin (refer to Table 4-1 for origin guidelines), using the RIGHT ARROW to select N or S. Press ENTER. NOTE The unit will not accept an entry that is inappropriate for the entries already made.
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Page 46: Choosing An Altitude Reference
ProMARK X SETUP Access SETUP 9. Use the RIGHT ARROW to scroll through the available datums until you find one that corresponds to your chart. Press ENTER. NOTE If you select British grid or Irish grid coordinates, the unit automatically uses the OSGB or Eire datums, respectively; UPS coordinates require WGS84. - Page 47 ProMARK X SETUP measurements are based on the height of the position above (or below) the ellipsoid being used by the currently selected datum, or the HAE. When you select HAE, the unit always displays the height of the position above the ellipsoid of the currently selected datum.
- Page 48 ProMARK X SETUP ELLIPSOID GEOID NEGATIVE GEOIDAL HEIGHT (GH) POSITIVE GEOIDAL HEIGHT (GH) Height Reference SETUP 11 — Altitude Units. Changing the altitude units affects all displays where altitude is shown. The unit recalculates all stored altitude measure- ments to the new unit of measure. Access SETUP 11.
- Page 49 ProMARK X SETUP NOTE Use leading zeros as required. Press ENTER to save the value entered and to return to the original display. SETUP 13 — Choosing Distance/Speed Units. Changing distance/speed units affects all displays where distance or speed measurements are shown. All stored distance values will be converted to the new unit of measure for display.
- Page 50 ProMARK X SETUP In the manual mode, the unit does not switch legs. Instead "ARRIVED" is displayed at the bottom of the screen, and the unit continues to compute navigation information referenced to the destination waypoint you just passed. You must switch to the next leg manually by displaying the current route with ROUTE and using the RIGHT ARROW to select the next leg and then press NAV to continue navigating.
- Page 51 ProMARK X SETUP Once set, Battery Saver remains unchanged until reset in SETUP. Access SETUP 16. Use the RIGHT ARROW to toggle between on and off. SETUP 17 — Beeper Control. The unit beeps when any key on the keypad is pressed, when a fix is updated, and when an SQ, PDOP, or Old Data symbol appears.
- Page 52 ProMARK X SETUP SETUP WORKSHEET SELECT ONE OPTION FOR EACH SETUP FEATURE (Factory defaults shown in bold) INITIAL POSITION Lat/Northing: Lon/Easting: „ SOLVE FOR ALTITUDE „ AUTO (Automatic) „ ALT: „ TIME AND DATE „ LOCAL (AM/PM) „ LOCAL (24-Hour) °...
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Page 53: Distance Units
ProMARK X SETUP „ COORDINATE SYSTEM LAT/LON „ DEG/MIN (.01) „ DEG/MIN (.0001) „ DEG/MIN/SEC (1.0) „ DEG/MIN/SEC (.01) „ „ User Grid 1 „ „ British grid User Grid 2 „ „ Irish grid User Grid 3 „ „ User Grid 4 „... -
Page 54: 16. Battery Saver
ProMARK X SETUP „ „ ON 16. BATTERY SAVER „ „ OFF 17. BEEPER CONTROL 18. DISPLAY CONTROL „ BRIGHTNESS „ Other ____ „ CONTRAST „ Other ____ „ 19. DATE ORDER MONTH/DAY/YEAR „ DAY/MONTH/YEAR 3-20... -
Page 55: Receiver Status
ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions Chapter 4 AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS In addition to the nineteen SETUP functions in Chapter 3, the ProMARK X has fourteen auxiliary functions. These functions provide the user with addi- tional information as well as control over how the unit handles information. These functions will be covered in the numerical order in which they appear in the ProMARK X and are listed in the following table. -
Page 56: Almanac Collect
Product Support 4-16 Displays phone numbers for Magellan Systems. The Auxiliary functions can be accessed in one of two ways. One method is to press AUX and the number of the AUX function you want to access, followed by ENTER, ENTER. The other method is to press AUX and use the DOWN ARROW or CLEAR to scroll through the AUX functions until the one you want is displayed and press ENTER. - Page 57 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions The receiver status display appears when POS is pressed and during the Sky Search portion of Almanac Collect. You can also go to this display manually when you want to know which satellites are being tracked and the signal quality from each satellite.
- Page 58 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions AUX 2 computes a 24-hour schedule of satellite availability for the position and date you select, and the mode of operation (2D or 3D) the unit is currently using. Although not as detailed as the schedule that is computed by the Post-Processing Software, the computed schedule covers the 24 hours (midnight to midnight of the date selected.
- Page 59 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions NOTE The schedule computed will be based on the currently selected mask angle and mode of operation. You may see a shorter window of 3D SAT SCHEDULE availability, especially if you are oper- ating near the poles. A DOWN AR- SATS UP 9:30AM ROW appears when there is more...
- Page 60 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions The concentric circles indicate elevation, or height above the horizon. The outer circle is the horizon, or 0° elevation. The next two circles are 30° and 60°, respectively. The center is 90°, or straight up. Azimuth, or satellite bearing, is also indicated by the PRN's location within the circles.
- Page 61 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions Data I/O interacts with either the COMM submodule or the LOG module to the PPSW. Which module is used is determined by which type of data file you transfer. You can also use AUX 5 to log data in real-time directly to a PC or data logger.
- Page 62 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions Select "COMM" to use the COMM module of the PPSW to download data files, almanac, routes and waypoints, grids, datums, setup parameters, or attributes from the receiver to a PC as well as uploading almanacs, routes and waypoints, setup, grids, datums, and attributes from a PC to the receiver.
- Page 63 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions If DOWNLOAD DATA was selected, you may choose which type of data will be downloaded. First, start the logging equipment or initiate the LOG submodule of the PPSW. Next, press the DOWN ARROW to scroll through waypoints, averaged positions, POS data buffer, almanac, or ephemeris data.
- Page 64 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions Press ENTER. Key in the estimated bear- ENTER ing from the selected position to the projected position. BEARING 230`M Press ENTER. Key in the difference in ENTER ALTITUDE altitude between the selected position and the projected position. DIFFERENCE Press the RIGHT ARROW key to enter ENTER...
- Page 65 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions Access AUX 7. TO ERASE ALL WPTS PRESS CLEAR Press CLEAR. All waypoints and routes ALL WPTS ERASED are immediately erased. READY AUX 8 — Reverse Route. Reverse Route allows you to reverse the order of all waypoints in a selected route.
- Page 66 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions AUX 9 — Almanac Collect. In Almanac Collect, the unit collects a new almanac from any satellite, replacing the almanac that is currently in memory. This feature is initiated manually with AUX 9 when the unit's almanac is at least 6 months old, or whenever you need to be sure that the almanac is completely up to date.
- Page 67 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions Press ENTER. If the unit already has an ALMANAC WILL BE almanac, a warning is displayed. Press ENTER again to delete the current al- CLEARED! Press manac and collect a new one. ENTER to cont. If none of the satellites in the system can be found, or if the unit cannot find enough satellites for a 2D position fix (three satellites), the unit will restart the search.
- Page 68 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions AUX 11 — File Maintenance. File Maintenance allows you to perform routine management tasks, such as renaming or deleting files. You can also use AUX 11 to erase selected parts of the unit's memory Access AUX 11. The first filename and SELECT A FILE: its file size in the unit's memory are 1028C001.CAR...
- Page 69 ProMARK X Auxiliary Functions As you press the RIGHT ARROW you will notice that the second line of the screen shown above changes, indicating what part of the memory will be cleared. Press CLEAR when the area you want to erase is displayed on the second line. The third line then displays “CLEARED.”...
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Page 70: Product Support
AUX 0 — Product Support. The ProMARK X has an additional auxiliary function that you may find useful. AUX 0 displays the telephone numbers for the Magellan offices in San Dimas, California. This means that if you have problems and require help, the necessary telephone numbers are always at hand. -
Page 71: Waypoint
ProMARK X Waypoints, Routes & Navigation Chapter 5 WAYPOINTS, ROUTES, AND NAVIGATION GPS technology originated from the need for a precise navigational system, and for that reason the ProMARK X is able to offer navigational functions. If your applications does not require a need for the navigational functions of the ProMARK X, you may want to read the section in this chapter on waypoints and bypass the remaining sections until needed. -
Page 72: Entering Waypoints Manually
Waypoints, Routes & Navigation ProMARK X A waypoint can also be named automatically. Unit-generated W003 32`26.67N names are in the format Wxxx, 118`29.99W where xxx represents numbers 001 172m ALT through 999. Waypoints are num- bered in sequence. To name a waypoint automatically, press EN- TER without keying in any charac- ters. - Page 73 ProMARK X Waypoints, Routes & Navigation Key in the latitude. If necessary, use the RIGHT ARROW to toggle be- MESA 36`06.11N tween N (north) and S (south). Press ENTER. Key in the longitude. If necessary, MESA 36`06.11N use the RIGHT ARROW to toggle between W (west) and E (east).
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Page 74: Viewing Stored Waypoints
Waypoints, Routes & Navigation ProMARK X Saving an Averaged Position as a Waypoint. The ProMARK X produces two types of averaged position fixes. It produces AVG, which is the average of a preset number of fixes or the average of the fixes collected before the preset number is reached. -
Page 75: Renaming Waypoints
ProMARK X Waypoints, Routes & Navigation Press the DOWN ARROW again to see the SQ and PDOP of the fix. MESA PDOP=4.3 If a waypoint was entered manu- CLIF PDOP ally, no values will be displayed for satellite signal quality and geomet- ric quality. -
Page 76: Route
Waypoints, Routes & Navigation ProMARK X To clear all waypoints, use AUX 7. NOTE Waypoints assigned to a route cannot be erased. ROUTE A route is a planned course of travel from one place to another. The ROUTE key allows you to enter and store up to 10 routes, and to divide each route into 1 to 20 legs. - Page 77 ProMARK X Waypoints, Routes & Navigation When the desired position is dis- SET RTE 2 LEG 1 played, press ENTER. st02 to _ You may choose POS as the starting point or destination of any leg. When POS is chosen, it is stored as waypoint “stxx,” where “xx” is a number from 1 to 10 that corresponds to the route number.
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Page 78: Activating A Route
Waypoints, Routes & Navigation ProMARK X When all of the route legs have been set, press ENTER twice. The SET RTE 2 LEG 1 first leg of the route you just en- st02 TO MESA tered is displayed, along with the 085` 15.33Km bearing and great circle distance... - Page 79 ProMARK X Waypoints, Routes & Navigation Press ROUTE and use the DOWN ARROW to scroll through the ROUTE 2 LEG 8 routes you have stored. At any MESA TO HOME time, use the RIGHT ARROW to 112` 2.04Km view the legs of any route. You can also scroll from any route leg to the same leg in another ROUTE 3...
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Page 80: Appending A Leg
Waypoints, Routes & Navigation ProMARK X Appending a Leg. You can also add legs to an existing route. Scroll to the last leg of a route and SET RTE 10 LEG 9 press ENTER. The destination waypoint of the leg is erased. BASE TO _ Use the RIGHT ARROW to scroll... - Page 81 ProMARK X Waypoints, Routes & Navigation Navigation information (bearing, distance, direction of travel) is available only if a route has been activated. Velocity information (speed, time of arrival) is available whenever you have reached a minimum speed of 2 kilometers per hour, whether you have an active route or not.
- Page 82 Waypoints, Routes & Navigation ProMARK X Destination Start (Right) Cross Track Error (XTE) If you are 18.5 km or more from the TO CLIF selected route leg the ProMARK X will display the “INVALID LEG” 052`M 11.47Km message. XTE 9.99Km LEFT INVALID LEG Press the DOWN ARROW once to TO BASE...
- Page 83 ProMARK X Waypoints, Routes & Navigation Speed of advance (SOA), on the third line, is the vector component of the ground speed in the direction of the destination waypoint. It is calculated using speed and ground course. When XTE = 0, SOA = VMG. Destination Start Speed of Advance (SOA)
- Page 84 Waypoints, Routes & Navigation ProMARK X In this case, speed over ground and 5.1 KmH course over ground can still be 136` M obtained by pressing the RIGHT ARROW. To go to any other display, press the appropriate function key for that display. 5-14...
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Page 85: Chapter 6 - Attributes
ProMARK X Attributes Chapter 6 ATTRIBUTES ATTRIBUTION This chapter will address the ProMARK X’s attribution capability. The ProMARK X is capable of assigning attributes to data by either utilizing sets of previously defined attributes, editing existing attributes, or creating new attributes. - Page 86 Attributes ProMARK X the file. (Note that attribute files have a .ATR extension.) Use the right arrow to toggle through the list of attribute files stored in the receiver. If you come across a file which you wish to utilize, press the down arrow to make ATTRIBUTE FILE: the file ACTIVE.
- Page 87 ProMARK X Attributes keyed in when WATER is displayed, WATER is now assigned to 03 and POLE no longer has an assignment. If you wish to edit an attribute, press the down arrow to move to the EDIT at- EDIT ATTR tribute screen.
- Page 88 Attributes ProMARK X In order to make the key assignments in ATTRIBUTE FILE: a particular attribute file active, you must use the DOWN ARROW from the 1203W002.ATR attribute file screen to make the file the ACTIVE FILE ACTIVE FILE. Note that only one attrib- PRESS ENTER ute file may be made active at any time, (i.e., activating a file will deactivate any...
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Page 89: Suggestions On Using The Attr Key
ProMARK X Attributes Press ENTER when the entry is com- ATTRIBUTE: plete to move to the Attribute screen. Now key in the desired key number to TOWER assign the attribute to that key, and press ENTER. In this example, TOWER is the new attribute and is assigned to 06. - Page 90 Attributes ProMARK X To set the attributes so they can't inadvertly be changed, you can use AUX 60, Attribute Lock. Refer to the section on Auxiliary Functions for more information. Numerical Attributes You can enter numerical attributes and associate these with a point. For example, if you are logging the position of a siting, you can manually enter a number that describes it (i.e., the number of a certain type of animal seen or the density of a certain occurrence).
- Page 91 ProMARK X Attributes Pausing and Resuming Mobile Sessions Using the attribute feature, you can effectively pause and resume the collection of a mobile file. While the unit will continue to compile data as it is paused, MSTAR will ignore all the data between the two attributes "pause,"...
- Page 92 Attributes ProMARK X...
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Page 93: Chapter 7 - Differential
ProMARK X Differential Chapter 7 DIFFERENTIAL This chapter will introduce the user to the differential capabilities of the ProMARK X as well as some basic differential techniques. Please refer to Appendix 2 (Differential Theory) for a more detailed explanation of the basic theory behind differential. -
Page 94: Averaging
Differential ProMARK X Data collection for submeter post-processing uses the DIF2 feature and a ProMARK X CP. The ProMARK X does not output all of the data required to obtain submeter results. DIF3 — Mobile Differential. The ProMARK X is capable of collecting data in a mobile mode for the purpose of computing a differential correction that is applied to each position in the mobile data stream. -
Page 95: Averaging
ProMARK X Differential Upon pressing ENTER, the receiver dis- DESCRIPTOR: plays the descriptor screen. You can enter any type of descriptive informa- tion you wish regarding the file (for PRESS ENTER example time, date, place, weather, etc.). This can be helpful in keeping files sepa- rate if many are collected in a short period of time. - Page 96 Differential ProMARK X When the number of fixes to average READY has been reached, this screen will ap- pear. PRESS ENTER (005) s=12m Press ENTER to display the averaged position. AVG 34 06.5738N 117 49.5895W 356m ALT Note that the display uses the same format as a waypoint. If the number of fixes selected has not yet been reached and ENTER is pressed from the “WAIT”...
- Page 97 ProMARK X Differential Both AVG and ¢TMP can be viewed with WPT, but they cannot be used in a route. (To use either waypoint in a route, they must first be copied to another name; refer to Renaming Waypoints.) AVG and ¢TMP will be overwritten the next time averaging is done.
- Page 98 Differential ProMARK X To give you an indication of the quality of your data collection session in the field, the ProMARK X and ProMARK X-CM feature quality indicators. These quality indicators represent the effective number of standard observations that will affect how the data will process (centimeter, submeter, and pseudorange).
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Page 99: Stationary Differential
ProMARK X Differential Stationary Differential Press DIF, 2, and ENTER (or press DIF DIRECT DATA TO: and the DOWN ARROW two times, then ENTER). The receiver will compute 1203P001.PSE the optimal satellite set (based on PDOP), then display the Direct Data To screen with a receiver-generated filename. - Page 100 Differential ProMARK X The receiver will display a descriptor DESCRIPTOR: screen. You may enter any type of descriptive information you wish regard- ing the file (for example, time, date, PRESS ENTER place, weather, etc.). This can be help- ful in keeping files separate if many are collected in a short period of time.
- Page 101 ProMARK X Differential If you know the attribute number, you ATTRIBUTE: may also key in the attribute number to DONE go directly to that attribute. Note that keying in an attribute number results in that number being echoed in the upper PRESS ENTER right of the display.
- Page 102 Differential ProMARK X If you wish to enter a new attribute not in INPUT NEW ATTR: the active attribute file, you may do so at any time. The attributes you create are input into the data file. They are not, however, stored in the active attribute PRESS ENTER file.
- Page 103 ProMARK X Differential Press the DOWN ARROW or ATR key ATTRIBUTE: to assign attributes at any time during a defferential session. The attributes will TREE be put at the head of the file (Attribute entry is described in Chapter 6.) PRESS ENTER To view the status screen, press the RIGHT ARROW.
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Page 104: Mobile Differential
Please note that Magellan complies fully with the GPS standard RINEX format—short for Receiver INdependent EXchange. With RINEX you may export data to other systems’ post processing packages, or import base station files to the Magellan system for simplified processing. - Page 105 ProMARK X Differential your own. Select the Data to Port option if you wish to log the data to an external device using the LOG software module supplied on the PPSW disk. Press ENTER to select one of the choices. In the following steps, we have pressed ENTER to select the receiver generated filename.
- Page 106 Differential ProMARK X If you know the attribute number, you ATTRIBUTE: may also key in the attribute number to go directly to that attribute. Note that DONE keying in an attribute number results in that number being echoed in the upper PRESS ENTER right of the display.
- Page 107 ProMARK X Differential FILES AVAIL display if no attribute files have been made active. The receiver displays the INPUT NEW ATTRibute screen. Key in an attribute up to 72 characters (16 displayable at a time). Press ENTER. This attribute is now written to the top of the data file and the receiver returns you to the ATTRIBUTE display.
- Page 108 Differential ProMARK X The Attribute screen is displayed show- ATTRIBUTE: ing the DONE 00 option. If you don’t DONE want to assign attributes, press ENTER to return to the STOP LOGGING screen. You can also use the right arrow to PRESS ENTER toggle throughout the attributes which are active (made active by the ATTR key...
- Page 109 ProMARK X Differential Press ENTER when both digits have ATTRIBUTE: been entered. The receiver now dis- plays the attribute assigned to the num- TOWER ber just keyed in. PRESS ENTER To tag data with an active attribute, go to the attribute you want to use (via ATTRIBUTE: keying in an active attribute number or TOWER...
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Page 110: Rtcm
Differential ProMARK X Once a session is stopped, you may start another function or immediately begin another session. To start another session using the same parameters (descriptor, data sample rate, TO START LOGGING and attribute file), press CLEAR. The PRESS ENTER OR unit displays the Start Logging screen. -
Page 111: File Structure
ProMARK X Differential If no connection is established after two RECEIVE RTCM104 minutes, the receiver will read NO SIG- NAL to indicate that it was unable to establish a connection. Check your NO SIGNAL cabling and restart the process. Once a connection is established, the RECEIVE RTCM104 receiver will display the message RE- CEIVING. - Page 112 Once files have been created in the ProMARK X, it is possible to rename or delete these files using the AUX 11 (File Maintenance) function. We suggest when using two Magellan receivers (control and remote) that you either give the file a unique name of your choosing when the files are created or use the RENAME utility in AUX 11 to differentiate the file names prior to downloading.
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Page 113: Chapter 8 - Troubleshooting And Operating Tips
Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Chapter 8 TROUBLESHOOTING AND OPERATING TIPS This chapter contains the miscellaneous information you will require to interpret the error/warning messages, troubleshooting for operating problems, and prepare the unit for long-term storage. ERROR AND WARNING MESSAGES Error and warning messages are displayed to alert you to a condition you need to be aware of. - Page 114 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X 2. Check the terrain setting (SETUP 5). Is it correct for the condi- tions at your location? If using 3D, try 2D. Accuracy warning: The Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) of the position fix is 10.1 or more; the fix is not accurate, and should not be used to navigate by.
- Page 115 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X SQ warning: The Signal Quality of one or more satellites is very low. This indicates that the signal is not strong and the unit may lose it. SQ has little effect on PDOP or accuracy; it is displayed Ñ...
- Page 116 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X 6. If none of the above works, or if the unit has not been used for more than a few minutes in the past six months, press AUX 9 to initiate Almanac Collect and collect a new almanac.
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Page 117: Operating Problems
Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Satellite signal lost during averaging: This message is displayed during averaging when a satellite signal is lost or SIGNAL is lost and recovered, and when several INTERRUPTED satellites move below the mask angle. The unit will not restart automatically. Do this: Restart with DIF 1. - Page 118 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X The battery compartment is not clean or dry. Do this: Make sure the battery compartment is clean and dry. The batteries have run down completely; memory is lost. Do this: Replace the batteries, then initialize the unit as described in Initialization or SETUP.
- Page 119 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Do this: Remove the batteries and wait for the unit to turn off. With the batteries in place and the unit on, create a short by using a coin to complete the circuit between the two center connectors in the battery com- partment.
- Page 120 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X DATA IS NOT BEING Baud rate on the receiver and PC do not TRANSFERRED match. Do this: Use SETUP 7 to set the baud rate. The PC or data logger is not turned on; the PC was not ready to receive or transmit data.
- Page 121 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Navigation- and velocity-related data is not available until three fixes have been made. Do this: Wait until three position fixes have been taken, then try again. DASHES APPEAR IN You are 65.6 feet (20 meters) or less NAV DISPLAYS from your destination.
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Page 122: Operating Tips
Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Try this: Check Sat Schedule with AUX 2. If the window of availability for 3D opera- tion is insufficient, try operating in 2D or Automatic. The mask angle is set to 15° or 20°. Avail- able satellites have lower elevations. -
Page 123: Search And Acquisition Errors
Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Search and Acquisition Errors. Under the following conditions, the unit may be unable to obtain a position fix: • Initialization was not done correctly. • Poor signal environment. • Insufficient number of satellites. • Unit searches constantly. - Page 124 Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Poor environments include areas of dense foliage or dense construction (even a one-story building can block signals when the visible satellites have low elevations). It also includes locations with a limited view of the sky, such as a site at the bottom of a deep canyon.
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Page 125: Accuracy Warning Symbol
Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X Unit Searches Constantly. If the unit has an almanac and is unable to locate satellites, it searches continually until a satellite is found. The unit may be unable to locate satellites under the following conditions: •... -
Page 126: Old Data
Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X This symbol appears on all three 32`26.67N screens when the SQ from one or 118`29.99W more satellites is 3 or less. 163m ALT Ñ ~ Old Data. The unit automatically updates its position every second. If a satellite signal is lost, or a satellite sets or becomes obstructed, the unit switches to other satellites to update the fix. -
Page 127: Using The Unit Near The Poles
Troubleshooting & Operating Tips ProMARK X USING THE UNIT NEAR THE POLES Since all meridians of longitude converge at the North and South poles, any distance measurement can span many degrees of longitude near the poles. This means that small changes in position can cause large variations in position. -
Page 128: Magellan's Customer Support
Faxes can be sent to 408-615-5200. These numbers are stored in the unit, and can be accessed by pressing AUX 0. If necessary, you can also return your unit to Magellan for repair. (Please call Customer Support for assistance first.) If possible, please notify us before shipping the unit by Parcel Post or UPS, and include with the unit a description of the problem and your name, address, and phone number. -
Page 129: Appendix 1
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 1 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a constellation of satellites that orbit the earth twice a day, transmitting precise time and positioning information to anywhere on the globe, 24 hours a day. The GPS constellation consists of 24 satellites orbiting the earth in six fixed planes that are inclined at 60°... - Page 130 Appendix ProMARK X is programmed to ignore an unhealthy satellite and use the next best satellite to obtain a position fix. Also, satellites are occa- sionally taken off-line in order to do maintenance. A satellite may also be taken off-line in order to move it to a new orbit position.
- Page 131 Appendix ProMARK X Receivers listen to signals from either three or four satellites at a time. Three satellites are required for two-dimension position- ing (which determines position only), and four satellites are required for three-dimension positioning (to determine posi- tion and elevation). The interval between the transmission and reception of the satellite signal (range data) is used to calculate the unit’s distance from each of the satellites being used.
- Page 132 Appendix ProMARK X The GPSIC has general GPS literature available free upon request. The Center also maintains up-to-date almanac data and Operational Advisory Broadcasts containing current con- stellation status and planned satellite outages. There are three ways to quickly obtain current information from the GPSIC: 1.
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Page 133: Differential Theory
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 2 DIFFERENTIAL THEORY Differential positioning is a technique that allows you to overcome the effects of environmental errors and Selective Availability (SA) on the GPS signals to produce a highly accurate position fix. This is done by determining the amount of the positioning error and applying it to position fixes that were computed from collected data. - Page 134 Multipath errors are caused by the receiver "seeing" reflections of signals that have bounced off of surrounding objects. (The ProMARK X antenna and the Magellan exterior antenna have been designed to minimize the effects of this problem. The submeter antenna is multipath-resistant;...
- Page 135 Appendix ProMARK X Differential GPS Most DGPS techniques use a GPS receiver at a geodetic control site whose position is known. The receiver collects positioning information and calculates a position fix, which is then compared to the known coordinates. The difference between the known position and the acquired position of the control location is the positioning error.
- Page 136 The ProMARK X can receive RTCM corrections in two ways. It can be connected to a differential radio beacon receiver (also referred to as a DGPS receiver or an MSK, or minimum shift key, receiver) such as the Magellan DBR™ to receive the corrections directly from the beacon. This requires that the receiver be within range of a beacon (usually 300 miles) and that the receiver be compatible with the ProMARK X.
- Page 137 Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 3 USER-DEFINED DATUM WORKSHEET Use this log to enter the values for user-defined datums. The values for many local datums can be found in Appendix 2, Table of Constants. User- Datum: Ellipsoid: ∆a: ∆f x 10: ∆x: ∆y: ∆z:...
- Page 138 Appendix ProMARK X User- Datum: Ellipsoid: ∆a: ∆f x 10: ∆x: ∆y: ∆z: User- Datum: Ellipsoid: ∆a: ∆f x 10: ∆x: ∆y: ∆z: User- Datum: Ellipsoid: ∆a: ∆f x 10: ∆x: ∆y: ∆z: User- Datum: Ellipsoid: ∆a: ∆f x 10: ∆x: ∆y: ∆z:...
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Page 139: Table Of Constants
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 4 Table of Constants The following table contains the constants needed to convert a local datum to WGS84. This is the equivalent of entering a user-entered datum in SETUP. Datums marked with "*" are defined in the unit. When entering these constants, remember that ∆a is displayed on the screens as “DELTA A”, ∆f x 10 is “DELTA f * 10000”, and so on. -
Page 140: Australian Geodetic 1966
Appendix ProMARK X ∆a ∆f x 10 ∆X(m) ∆Y(m) ∆Z(m) DATUM ELLIPSOID ASTRO B4 SOR. ATOLL Tern Island International -251 -0.14192702 -116 -333 ASTRO POS 71/4 International -251 -0.14192702 St. Helena Island -320 -494 ASTRONOMIC STATION 1952 Marcus Island International -251 -0.14192702 -234... -
Page 141: Corrego Alegre
Appendix ProMARK X ∆a ∆f x 10 ∆X(m) ∆Y(m) ∆Z(m) DATUM ELLIPSOID CHUA ASTRO* Paraguay International -251 -0.14192702 -134 CORREGO ALEGRE* Brazil International -251 -0.14192702 -206 DJAKARTA (BATAVIA)* Sumatra Island Bessel 1841 (Indonesia) 739.845 -0.10037483 -377 DOS 1968 International -251 -0.14192702 Gizo Island (New -199... -
Page 142: Geodetic Datum 1949
Appendix ProMARK X ∆a ∆f x 10 ∆X(m) ∆Y(m) ∆Z(m) DATUM ELLIPSOID GEODETIC DATUM 1949* New Zealand International -251 -0.14192702 GUAM 1963* Clarke 1866 Guam Island -69.4 -0.37264639 -100 -248 GUX 1 ASTRO International -251 -0.14192702 Guadalcanal Island -209 -751 HERAT NORTH* Afghanistan International... -
Page 143: Liberia 1964
Appendix ProMARK X ∆a ∆f x 10 ∆X(m) ∆Y(m) ∆Z(m) DATUM ELLIPSOID L.C. 5 ASTRO Clarke 1866 -69.4 -0.37264639 Cayman Brac Island LIBERIA 1964* Clarke 1880 Liberia -112.145 -0.54750714 LUZON Clarke 1866 -69.4 -0.37264639 Philippines (Excluding* -133 Mindanao Island) Mindanao Island -69.4 -0.37264639 -133... -
Page 144: Old Egyptian 1930
Appendix ProMARK X ∆a ∆f x 10 ∆X(m) ∆Y(m) ∆Z(m) DATUM ELLIPSOID Manitoba and Ontario -69.4 -0.37264639 Northwest Teritories and Saskatchewan -69.4 -0.37264639 Yukon -69.4 -0.37264639 Canal Zone -69.4 -0.37264639 Caribbean (Barbados, Caicos Islands, -69.4 -0.37264639 Cuba, Dominican Republic, Grand Cayman, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, and Turks Islands) Central America -69.4... -
Page 145: Qatar National
Appendix ProMARK X ∆a ∆f x 10 ∆X(m) ∆Y(m) ∆Z(m) DATUM ELLIPSOID PROVISIONAL SOUTH CHILEAN 1963 International -251 -0.14192702 South Chile (near 53°S) PROVISIONAL SOUTH AMERICAN 1956 Mean Value* International -251 -0.14192702 -288 -376 (Bolivia, Chile, Columbia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Venezuela) Bolivia -251 -0.14192702... -
Page 146: Tananarive Observatory 1925
Appendix ProMARK X ∆a ∆f x 10 ∆X(m) ∆Y(m) ∆Z(m) DATUM ELLIPSOID Ecuador -0.00081204 Guyana -0.00081204 Paraguay -0.00081204 Peru -0.00081204 Trinidad and Tobago -0.00081204 Venezuela -0.00081204 SOUTH ASIA Modified 0.00480795 Singapore Fischer 1960 SOUTHEAST BASE International -251 -0.14192702 Porto Santo and Madeira Islands -499 -249 SOUTHWEST BASE... - Page 147 Appendix ProMARK X ∆X, ∆Y, ∆Z are the differences in height from the center of the earth from the WGS model of the earth’s surface to the local datum’s model of the earth’s surface. ∆a = the difference from the WGS semi-major axis to that of the local datum. ∆f ( x 10,000) = the difference in flattening from the WGS84 model to the local datum.
- Page 148 Appendix ProMARK X Datum Abbreviations. Datums defined in the ProMARK X are accessed with the following abbreviations. WGS84 ....... WGS84 Hu-Tzu-Shan ....... HUTZU North American 1927 ..NAD27 Indian (India, Nepal) .... INDIA North American 1983 ..NAD83 Iran, European 1950 ... IRAN Adindan ......ADIND Ireland 1965 .......
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Page 149: British, Irish, And Ups Grids
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 5 BRITISH, IRISH, AND UPS GRIDS The British, Irish, and UPS grids differ from geodetic and UTM coordinates in that they apply only to a specific part of the world and to a specific map datum. This has a small effect on how the ProMARK V operates. When the British, Irish, or UPS grid system is selected in SETUP, the unit automatically uses the applicable map datum. - Page 150 For example: These are the coordinates for the MGLN 34`06.58N Magellan offices in San Dimas, 117`49.56W California, displayed in Lat/Lon (Deg/Min .01). 289m ALT This is the same location, described...
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Page 151: User-Defined Grid Worksheet
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 6 USER-DEFINED GRID WORKSHEET Use this log to record the user-entered grids you use most often. User Grid #: Grid Name: Mapping Function: Lat of Origin: Lon of Origin: Scale Factor: Units-to-Meters Conv: False Easting: False Northing: User Grid #: Grid Name: Mapping Function:... - Page 152 Appendix ProMARK X User Grid #: Grid Name: Mapping Function: Lat of Origin: Lon of Origin: Scale Factor: Units-to-Meters Conv: False Easting: False Northing: User Grid #: Grid Name: Mapping Function: Lat of Origin: Lon of Origin: Scale Factor: Units-to-Meters Conv: False Easting: False Northing: A-24...
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Page 153: State Plane Coordinate Constants
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 7 STATE PLANE COORDINATE SYSTEM CONSTANTS The Field PRO V can display position coordinates in the State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS) for 1983 or 1927 when a user-entered coordinate system (grid) is entered with SETUP 7. This appendix consists of two tables that contain the constants necessary to enter an SPCS83 or SPCS27 grid. - Page 154 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator (TM), Oblique Mercator (OM), and Lambert (L) Projections State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Alabama East 0101...
- Page 155 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Arkansas North 0301 34.93333333 92.00000000 400,000. 36.23333333 34.33333333 South 0302 33.30000000 92.00000000 400,000.
- Page 156 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Florida East 0901 81.00000000 200,000. 0.99994118 24.33333333 West 0902 82.00000000 200,000.
- Page 157 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Indiana East 1301 85.66666666 100,000. 0.99996666 37.50000000 250,000. West 1302 87.08333333 900,000.
- Page 158 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Massachusetts Mainland 2001 41.71666666 71.50000000 200,000. 42.68333333 41.00000000 750,000. Island 2002 41.28333333 70.50000000...
- Page 159 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Nebraska 2600 40.00000000 100.00000000 500,000. 43.00000000 39.83333333 Nevada East 2701 115.58333333 200,000.
- Page 160 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) North Carolina NC 3200 34.33333333 79.00000000 609,601.22 36.16666666 33.75000000 North Dakota ND North 3301 47.43333333...
- Page 161 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) South Dakota North 4001 44.41666666 100.00000000 600,000. 45.68333333 43.83333333 South 4002 42.83333333 100.33333333...
- Page 162 Appendix ProMARK X Table 1. Constants for the 1983 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Washington North 4601 47.50000000 120.83333333 500,000. 48.73333333 47.00000000 South 4602 45.83333333 120.50000000 500,000.
- Page 163 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System Transverse Mercator (TM), Oblique Mercator (OM), and Lambert (L) Projections State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Alabama East 0101...
- Page 164 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Arkansas North 0301 34.93333333 92.00000000 609601.2192 36.23333333 34.33333333 South 0302 33.30000000 92.00000000 609601.2192...
- Page 165 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Florida East 0901 81.00000000 152400.3048 0.99994118 24.33333333 West 0902 82.00000000 152400.3048 0.99994118 24.33333333...
- Page 166 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Indiana East 1301 85.66666666 152400.3048 0.99996666 37.50000000 West 1302 87.08333333 152400.3048 0.99996666 37.50000000 Iowa...
- Page 167 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Maryland 1900 38.30000000 77.00000000 243840.4877 39.45000000 37.83333333 Massachusetts Mainland 2001 41.71666666 71.50000000 182880.3658...
- Page 168 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Montana North 2501 47.85000000 109.50000000 609601.2192 48.71666666 47.00000000 Central C 2502 46.45000000 109.50000000...
- Page 169 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) New York NY East 3101 74.33333333 152400.3048 0.99996666 40.00000000 Central C 3102 76.58333333 152400.3048 0.99993750...
- Page 170 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Pennsylvania North 3701 40.88333333 77.75000000 609601.2192 41.95000000 40.16666666 South 3702 39.93333333 77.75000000 609601.2192...
- Page 171 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Utah North 4301 40.71666666 111.50000000 609601.2192 41.78333333 40.33333333 Central C 4302 39.01666666 111.50000000...
- Page 172 Appendix ProMARK X Table 2. Constants for the 1927 State Plane Coordinate System State/Zone/Code Projection Scale Factor (TM) Grid Origin or Standard Lon/ False Easting/ Parallels (L) False Northing (meters) Wyoming East 4901 105.16666666 152400.3048 0.99994118 40.66666666 East 4902 107.33333333 152400.3048 Central 0.99994118...
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Page 173: Waypoint Log, Grid
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 8 WAYPOINT LOG, GRID Always keep a written record of all waypoints, especially of waypoints that are named by the unit. Uses these pages to log waypoints entered in any grid coordinate system. Wpt Name: Date: Easting: Northing: Alt:... - Page 174 Appendix ProMARK X Wpt Name: Date: Easting: Northing: Alt: Datum: Zone: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Easting: Northing: Alt: Datum: Zone: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Easting: Northing: Alt: Datum: Zone: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Easting: Northing: Alt: Datum: Zone: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Easting: Northing:...
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Page 175: Waypoint Log, Lat/Lon
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 9 WAYPOINT LOG, LAT/LON Always keep a written record of all waypoints, especially of waypoints that are named by the unit. Copy these pages for your waypoint note- book. Wpt Name: Date: Lat: Lon: Alt: Datum: Note: Wpt Name: Date:... - Page 176 Appendix ProMARK X Wpt Name: Date: Lat: Lon: Alt: Datum: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Lat: Lon: Alt: Datum: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Lat: Lon: Alt: Datum: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Lat: Lon: Alt: Datum: Note: Wpt Name: Date: Lat: Lon: Alt: Datum: Note:...
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Page 177: Position Dilution Of Precision
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 10 POSITION DILUTION OF PRECISION Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP) is a measurement of the possible position error that is related to geometric quality. It is displayed on the third screen of any position fix, any fix in the buffer, and any fix that is saved as a waypoint. -
Page 178: Signal Quality
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 11 SIGNAL QUALITY Signal quality (SQ) is an indication of the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N ) of the signal of each satellite being used for a position fix. SQ has very little affect on the accuracy of the position fix; it is only an indication of signal strength. -
Page 179: Glossary
Appendix ProMARK X Appendix 12 GLOSSARY ACQUISITION Occurs when the unit locates a signal and collects data from a satellite. ALMANAC Data on the general location and health of all satellites in the GPS constellation. Can be collected from any available satellite. ANTENNA ALTITUDE The sum of the altitude at your location (zero at sea level) and the... - Page 180 Appendix ProMARK X CLOSE The message displayed when navigating on a route, indicating that you are within 500 feet of the destination of the current leg. Course over ground. COURSELINE The planned line of travel; the line between your start point and destination.
- Page 181 Appendix ProMARK X A single position, defined by latitude, longitude, and altitude. GROUND COURSE See Course over ground. GROUND SPEED See Speed over ground. HEADING The direction your vessel is facing, defined as an angle from North. LAST FIX The position fix taken before the current position fix, stored in the unit’s memory and accessed by pressing AUX 6.
- Page 182 Appendix ProMARK X MASK ANGLE The elevation (height above the horizon, measured in degrees), below which the unit will not search for satellites. The mask angle is selected by the user in SETUP. PDOP Position Dilution of Precision. POSITION A location that is obtained in real time and expressed in a coordinate system.
- Page 183 Appendix ProMARK X Speed of advance. Speed over ground. SPEED OF ADVANCE A vector component of ground speed (SOG) towards the destina- Destination Start tion. Abbreviated as SOA. Dis- played when NAV is pressed and after three position fixes have been taken.
- Page 184 Appendix ProMARK X Two dimensional. The mode of operation that calculates latitude and longitude only, requiring the use of three satellites. Altitude in 2D is user-entered. UNIVERSAL TIME Universal Time, formerly referred to as GMT or Greenwich Mean Time. Abbreviated as UT. Universal Time.
- Page 185 INDEX 2D 1-1, 2-8, 3-4, A-56 battery 3D 1-1, 2-8, 3-4, A-55 Battery operation see Continuous operation Battery pack 2-1, 2-2, 2-3; loading, Accuracy 1-1, 8-7, A-3 Adapters, power 2-4, 4-7 Battery saver 2-3, 3-15 Almanac 2-13, 2-15, A-51; age, Baud rate 3-7, 4-16 2-15, 4-12;...
- Page 186 DBR see Differential beacon receiver Magnetic variation 3-13 Defaults, system see SETUP, Manual leg switching mode 3-14, worksheet A-53 Delta correction 5-5, A-7 Map datum A-53; see also Datum DGPS A-7 Mask angle 3-5, A-52 Dif Timer 3-6 Memory 1-1; percentage used, Differential 7-1, A-5;...
- Page 187 Receiver status screen 2-16, 2-17, UPS grid 3-9, 3-11, A-21; see 4-2, 7-17 also Coordinate system Reverse route 4-17, 5-10 User-entered datum 3-12 Route 5-6, A-52; activating, 5-8; User-entered grids 3-9, A-23 appending to, 5-10; creat- UTM see Coordinate system ing, 5-6;...