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Elan EM78P156EL Manual

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1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
EM78P156EL is an 8-bit microprocessor designed and developed with low-power and high-speed CMOS
technology. It is equipped with 1K*13-bits Electrical One Time Programmable Read Only Memory
(OTP-ROM). It provides a PROTECTION bit to p revent user's code in the OTP memory from being
intruded. 6 OPTION bits are also available to meet user's requirements.
With its OTP-ROM feature, the EM78P156EL is able to offer a convenient way of developing and verifying
user's programs. Moreover, user can take advantage of EMC Writer to easily program his development
code.
This specification is subject to change without prior notice.
1
EM78P156EL
OTP ROM
2002/04/19

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  • Page 1 6 OPTION bits are also available to meet user’s requirements. With its OTP-ROM feature, the EM78P156EL is able to offer a convenient way of developing and verifying user’s programs. Moreover, user can take advantage of EMC Writer to easily program his development code.
  • Page 2 EM78P156EL OTP ROM 2. FEATURES • Operating voltage range : 2.3V~5.5V • Operating temperature range: 0°C~70°C • Operating frequency rang (base on 2 clocks ): * Crystal mode: DC~20MHz at 5V, DC~8MHz at 3V, DC~4MHz at 2.3V. * ERC mode: DC~4MHz at 5V, DC~4MHz at 3V, DC~4MHz at 2.3V.
  • Page 3 EM78P156EL OTP ROM * 20 pin SSOP 209mil : EM78P156ELAS * 20 pin SSOP 209mil : EM78P156ELKM • 99.9% single instruction cycle commands • The transient point of system frequency between HXT and LXT is around 400KHz This specification is subject to change without prior notice.

  • Page 4: Pin Assignments

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 3. PIN ASSIGNMENTS EM78P156ELP EM78P156ELAS EM78P156ELKM EM78P156ELM OSCI OSCI /RESET OSCO OSCI /RESET OSCO /RESET OSCO P60//INT P60//INT P60//INT SSOP SSOP SOIC Fig. 1 Pin Assignment Table 1 EM78P156ELP and EM78P156ELM Pin Description Symbol Pin No. Type Function * Power supply.
  • Page 5 EM78P156EL OTP ROM Table 2 EM78P156ELAS Pin Description Symbol Pin No. Type Function * Power supply. * XTAL type: Crystal input terminal or external clock input pin. OSCI * ERC type: RC oscillator input pin. * XTAL type: Output terminal for crystal oscillator or external clock input pin.

  • Page 6: Function Description

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 4. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION OSCI OSCO /RESET /INT WDT Timer STACK 1 Oscillator/Timing STACK 2 Control STACK 3 Prescale STACK 4 STACK 5 Internal C IOCA Time-out External R Interrupt Instruction oscillator Control Register R1(TCC) Instruction Sleep Decoder &...
  • Page 7 EM78P156EL OTP ROM • Defined by resetting PAB(CONT-3). • The prescaler is assigned to TCC, if the PAB bit (CONT-3) is reset. • The contents of the prescaler counter will be cleared only when TCC register is written with a value.
  • Page 8 EM78P156EL OTP ROM R1(TCC) R2(PC) Stack R3(Status) (5 level) R4(RSR) R5(Port5) IOC5 R6(Port6) IOC6 IOCA IOCB IOCC IOCD IOCE IOCF 48x8 Common Register Fig. 4 Data Memory Configuration 4. R3 (Status Register) • Bit 0 (C) Carry flag • Bit 1 (DC) Auxiliary carry flag •...
  • Page 9 EM78P156EL OTP ROM Set to "1" if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero. • Bit 3 (P) Power down bit. Set to 1 during power on or by a "WDTC" command and reset to 0 by a "SLEP" command.

  • Page 10: Special Purpose Registers

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 4.2 Special Purpose Registers 1. A (Accumulator) • Internal data transfer, or instruction operand holding • It cannot be addressed. 2. CONT (Control Register) /INT PSR2 PSR1 PSR0 • Bit 0 (PSR0) ~ Bit 2 (PSR2) TCC/WDT prescaler bits.
  • Page 11 EM78P156EL OTP ROM 4. IOCA (Prescaler Counter Register) • IOCA register is readable. • The value of IOCA is equal to the contents of Prescaler counter. • Down counter. 5. IOCB (Pull-down Control Register) /PD7 /PD6 /PD5 /PD4 /PD2 /PD1 /PD0 •...
  • Page 12 EM78P156EL OTP ROM 7. IOCD (Pull-high Control Register) /PH7 /PH6 /PH5 /PH4 /PH3 /PH2 /PH1 /PH0 • Bit 0 (/PH0) Control bit is used to enable the pull-high of P60 pin. 0: Enable internal pull-high 1: Disable internal pull-high • Bit 1 (/PH1) Control bit is used to enable the pull-high of P61 pin.
  • Page 13 EM78P156EL OTP ROM 9. IOCF (Interrupt Mask Register) EXIE ICIE TCIE • Bit 0 (TCIE) TCIF interrupt enable bit. 0: disable TCIF interrupt 1: enable TCIF interrupt • Bit 1 (ICIE) ICIF interrupt enable bit. 0: disable ICIF interrupt 1: enable ICIF interrupt •...

  • Page 14: Tcc/Wdt & Prescaler

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 4.3 TCC/WDT & Prescaler An 8-bit counter available as prescaler for the TCC or WDT. The prescaler is available for either the TCC or WDT only at any given time, and the PAB bit of the CONT register is used to determine the prescaler assignment.
  • Page 15 EM78P156EL OTP ROM 4.4 I/O Ports The I/O registers, both Port 5 and Port 6, are bi-directional tri-state I/O ports. Port 6 can be pulled high internally by software. In addition, Port 6 can also have open-drain output by software. Input status change interrupt (or wake-up) function on Port 6.
  • Page 16 EM78P156EL OTP ROM PCRD PCWR P60 /INT PORT PDWR Bit 6 of IOCE PDRD NOTE: Pull-high (down) and Open-drain are not shown in the figure. Fig. 7(a) The Circuit of I/O Port and I/O Control Register for P60 (/INT) PCRD...
  • Page 17 EM78P156EL OTP ROM IOCE.1 Interrupt RE.1 ENI Instruction DISI Instruction Interrupt (Wake-up from SLEEP) /SLEP Next Instruction (Wake-up from SLEEP) Fig. 7(c) Block Diagram of I/O Port 6 with Input Change Interrupt/Wake-up Table 4 Usage of Port 6 Input Change Wake-up/Interrupt Function...
  • Page 18 EM78P156EL OTP ROM PCRD Weakly Pull-up PCWR PORT PDWR PDRD Rex* *The Rex is 430K ohm external resistor Fig. 8 The Circuit of I/O Port with R-option(P50,P51) This specification is subject to change without prior notice. 2002/04/19...

  • Page 19: Reset And Wake-Up

    (3) Port 6 input status changes (if enabled). The first two cases will cause the EM78P156EL to reset. The T and P flags of R3 can be used to determine the source of the reset (wake-up). The last case is considered the continuation of program execution and the global interrupt ("ENI"...
  • Page 20 [b] if WDT is enabled before SLEP, Port 6 Input Status Change Interrupt must be disabled. Hence, the EM78P156EL can be awakened only by Case 1 or 2. Refer to the section on Interrupt. If Port 6 Input Status Change Interrupt is used to wake-up the EM78P156EL (Case [a] above), the...
  • Page 21 EM78P156EL OTP ROM Table 5 The Summary of the Initialized Values for Registers Address Name Reset Type Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Bit Name Power-On IOC5 /RESET and WDT...
  • Page 22 EM78P156EL OTP ROM Address Name Reset Type Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Wake-Up from Pin Change Bit Name EXIF ICIF TCIF Power-On 0x0F RF(ISR) /RESET and WDT Wake-Up from Pin Change...
  • Page 23 EM78P156EL OTP ROM 3. Watchdog timer time-out. The values of T and P, listed in Table 6 are used to check how the processor wakes up. Table 7 shows the events that may affect the status of T and P.
  • Page 24 P60 pin configured as /INT is excluded from this function. The Port 6 Input Status Changed Interrupt can wake up the EM78P156EL from the sleep mode if Port 6 is enabled prior to going into the sleep mode by executing SLEP. When the chip wakes-up, the controller will continue to execute the succeeding address if the global interrupt is disabled or branch to the interrupt vector 008H if the global interrupt is enabled.

  • Page 25: Oscillator Modes

    4.7 Oscillator 1. Oscillator Modes The EM78P156EL can be operated in three different oscillator modes, such as External RC oscillator mode (ERC), High XTAL oscillator mode (HXT), and Low XTAL oscillator mode (LXT). User can select one of them by programming MS and HLF in the CODE option register. Table 8 depicts how these three modes are defined.
  • Page 26 Table 9 The Summary of Maximum Operating Speeds Conditions Fxt max.(MHz) Two cycles with two clocks 20.0 2. Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonators (XTAL) EM78P156EL can be driven by an external clock signal through the OSCI pin as shown in Fig. 11 below. OSCI Ext. Clock OSCO EM78P156EL Fig.
  • Page 27 EM78P156EL OTP ROM Table 10 Capacitor Selection Guide for Crystal Oscillator or Ceramic Resonator Oscillator Type Frequency Mode Frequency C1(pF) C2(pF) 455 kHz 100~150 100~150 Ceramic Resonators 2.0 MHz 20~40 20~40 4.0 MHz 10~30 10~30 32.768kHz 100KHz 200KHz Crystal Oscillator...

  • Page 28: External Rc Oscillator Mode

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 3. External RC Oscillator Mode For some applications that do not need a very precise timing calculation, the RC oscillator (Fig. 15) offers a lot of cost savings. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the frequency of the RC oscillator is influenced by the supply voltage, the values of the resistor (Rext), the capacitor (Cext), and even by the operation temperature.

  • Page 29: Code Option Register

    2. For design reference only. 4.8 CODE Option Register The EM78P156EL has a CODE option word that is not a part of the normal program memory. The option bits cannot be accessed during normal program execution. Code Option Register and Customer ID Register arrangement distribution:...

  • Page 30: Power On Considerations

    Any microcontroller is not guaranteed to start to operate properly before the power supply stays at its steady state. EM78P156EL is equipped with Power On Voltage Detector (POVD) with a detecting level of 1.8V. It will work well if Vdd rise quick enough (50 ms or less). In many critical applications, however, extra devices are still required to assist in solving power-up problems.

  • Page 31: Residue-Voltage Protection

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM /RESET EM78P156EL Fig. 16 External Power-Up Reset Circuit 4.11 Residue-Voltage Protection When battery is replaced, device power (Vdd) is taken off but residue-voltage remains. The residue-voltage may trips below Vdd minimum, but not to zero. This condition may cause a poor power on reset.

  • Page 32: Instruction Set

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM EM78P156EL /RESET Fig. 18 Circuit 2 for the Residue Voltage Protection 4.12 Instruction Set Each instruction in the instruction set is a 13-bit word divided into an OP code and one or more operands. Normally, all instructions are executed within one single instruction cycle (one instruction consists of 2 oscillator periods), unless the program counter is changed by instruction "MOV R2,A",...
  • Page 33 EM78P156EL OTP ROM (2) The I/O register can be regarded as general register. That is, the same instruction can operate on I/O register. The symbol "R" represents a register designator that specifies which one of the registers (including operational registers and general purpose registers) is to be utilized by the instruction. "b" represents a bit field designator that selects the value for the bit which is located in the register "R", and affects...
  • Page 34 EM78P156EL OTP ROM R(7) → C, C → R(0) R(0-3) → A(4-7), 0 0111 00rr rrrr 07rr SWAPA R None R(4-7) → A(0-3) R(0-3) ↔ R(4-7) 0 0111 01rr rrrr 07rr SWAP R None R+1 → A, skip if zero...

  • Page 35: Timing Diagrams

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 4.13 Timing Diagrams AC Test Input/Output Waveform 2 . 4 2 . 0 2 . 0 T E S T P O I N T S 0 . 8 0 . 8 0 . 4 A C T e s t i n g : I n p u t i s d r i v e n a t 2 . 4 V f o r l o g i c " 1 " , a n d 0 . 4 V f o r l o g i c " 0 " . T i m i n g m e a s u r e m e n t s a r e m a d e a t 2 .
  • Page 36 EM78P156EL OTP ROM 5. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUNM RATINGS Items Rating Temperature under bias 0°C to 70°C Storage temperature -65°C to 150°C Input voltage -0.3V to +6.0V Output voltage -0.3V to +6.0V This specification is subject to change without prior notice. 2002/04/19...

  • Page 37: Dc Electrical Characteristic

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 6. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS 6.1 DC Electrical Characteristic ( Ta= 0°C ~ 70 °C, VDD= 5.0V±5%, VSS= 0V ) Symbol Parameter Condition Typ. Unit XTAL: VDD to 3V Two cycle with two clocks XTAL: VDD to 5V Two cycle with two clocks 20.0...

  • Page 38: Ac Electrical Characteristic

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM 6.2 AC Electrical Characteristic (Ta=0°C ~ 70 °C, VDD=5V±5%, VSS=0V) Symbol Parameter Conditions Unit Dclk Input CLK duty cycle Instruction cycle time Crystal type Tins (CLKS="0") RC type Ttcc TCC input period (Tins+20)/N* Ta = 25°C Tdrh Device reset hold time 16.8...

  • Page 39: Package Types

    EM78P156EL OTP ROM APPENDIX Package Types: OTP MCU Package Type Pin Count Package Size EM78P156ELP 300 mil EM78P156ELM 300 mil EM78P156ELAS SSOP 209 mil EM78P156ELKM SSOP 209 mil This specification is subject to change without prior notice. 2002/04/19...

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