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Garmin GPS 400 Pilot's Manual And Reference
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Garmin GPS 400 Pilot's Manual And Reference

Garmin GPS 400 Pilot's Manual And Reference

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G P S
4 0 0
P i l o t ’ s
G u i d e
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R e f e r e n c e

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Summary of Contents for Garmin GPS 400

  • Page 1 G P S 4 0 0 P i l o t ’ s G u i d e a n d R e f e r e n c e...

  • Page 3: Foreword

    GARMIN (Europe) LTD, Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park, Romsey, Hampshire S051 9AQ, UK Tel: 011-44-1794-519944 Fax: 011-44-1794-519222 GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3F, No. 1, Lane 45, Pao Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C. Tel: 011-886-02-2917-4107 Fax: 011-886-02-2917-1758 GARMIN, GPS 400, Spell’N’Find, AutoLocate, Web Site Address: www.garmin.com...
  • Page 4 Use the GPS 400 at your own risk. To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, accordance with the instructions, may cause harm- carefully review and understand all aspects of this Owner’s Manual and the Flight ful interference to radio communications.
  • Page 5 GPS 400. After installation, the NavData® card will already be installed into abrasive cleaners. It is very important to the correct slot on the front of the unit (see Appendix A). The GPS 400 will be clean the lens using an eyeglass lens secured in the installation rack with the proper wiring connections performed.
  • Page 6 GARMIN Corporation warrants this product to be free from defects in materials INTRODUCTION PROCEDURES and workmanship for one year from the date of purchase. GARMIN will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail in normal use. Such repairs or Approach Examples Warranty replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for parts or labor.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    PART ONE: INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Foreword ............i Table of Contents Cautions .

  • Page 8: Table Of Contents

    Section 5: WPT Page Group (Waypoint/database information) ....76 PROCEDURES INTRODUCTION Finding and viewing airport location, runway and frequency data Finding and viewing navaid information Approach Examples Table of Contents Creating user-defined waypoints Section 6: NRST Page Group (Nearest airports, etc.) .
  • Page 9 Key and Knob Functions TAKEOFF TOUR The GPS 400 is designed to make operation as simple as possible. The key and Key and Knob knob descriptions on the next three pages provide a general overview of the primary Functions function(s) for each key and knob. This Takeoff Tour section is intended to provide a brief overview of the primary functions of your GPS 400.
  • Page 10 Data is entered using the large and small knobs. Experiment with them to become efficient at entering data. This will greatly reduce the amount of time spent operating the GPS 400 in flight.
  • Page 11 OBS mode is selected, you may set the desired course to/from a waypoint using the OBS Page, or an external OBS selector on your HSI or CDI. Whenever the GPS 400 is displaying a list of information that is too long for the display...
  • Page 12 GPS 400. Prior to using your GPS 400 for the first time, we recommend that you taxi to a location that is well away from buildings and other aircraft so the unit can collect satellite data without interruption.
  • Page 13 (as a “bar If the GPS 400 has not been operated for a period of six months or more, it may graph” reading. have to ‘Search the Sky’ to collect new data. This means the unit is acquiring satel- ‘Search Sky’...
  • Page 14 After the GPS 400 acquires satellites and computes a position, the map page PROCEDURES TAKEOFF TOUR will appear automatically. Approach Examples Map Page The map page displays your present position (using an airplane symbol) rela- tive to nearby airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, user waypoints and airspace boundaries—and your route is displayed as a solid line.
  • Page 15 The map page is one of six pages available under the NAV group: TAKEOFF TOUR • Default NAV page • Map page NAV Pages & • NAVCOM page • Position page Page Groups • Satellite status page • Vertical navigation page To select the desired NAV page, rotate the small right knob ( ) until the desired page is displayed.
  • Page 16 Identifier Field Select Direct-To Waypoint Page The GPS 400 can use direct point-to-point navigation to guide you from takeoff to touchdown, even in the IFR environment. Once a destination is selected, the unit will provide speed, course and distance data based upon a direct course from your present position to your destination.
  • Page 17 TAKEOFF TOUR Page Groups (Small right knob to select pages within the group) NAV Group Default NAV NAVCOM Satellite Status VNAV Position WPT Group Airport Runway Airport Frequency Airport Approach Airport Departure Intersection User Waypoint Airport Location Airport Arrival AUX Group Flight Planning Utility Setup 1...

  • Page 18: Takeoff Tour

    Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) TAKEOFF TOUR PROCEDURES Active Leg of Approach Examples Direct-To Navigation User- Flight Plan selectable Data Fields Default NAV Page During most flights, the default NAV, map and NAVCOM pages will be the pri- mary pages used for navigation. The default NAV page displays a graphic course deviation indicator (CDI), the active leg of your flight plan (as defined by the cur- rent “from”...
  • Page 19 Once the direct-to or flight plan is confirmed, the whole range of instrument TAKEOFF TOUR procedures is available to you. Departures (SIDs), arrivals (STARs), non-precision and precision approaches are stored within the NavData card and available using (procedures) key. IFR Procedures To display the procedures page, press The steps required to select and activate an approach, departure or arrival are identical.
  • Page 20 TAKEOFF TOUR The NRST page group provides detailed information on the nine nearest air- PROCEDURES ports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user-created waypoints within 200 nm of Nearest Airport your current position. In addition, pages are also provided to display the five near- Approach Examples est center (ARTCC/FIR) and Flight Service Station (FSS) points of communication, Emergency Search...
  • Page 21 To view additional information for a nearby airport: TAKEOFF TOUR Nearest Airports: Additional Information The nearest airport page may be used in conjunction with the direct-to ( key to quickly set a course to a nearby facility in an in-flight emergency. Selecting a nearby airport as a direct-to destination will override your flight plan or cancel a previously selected direct-to destination.
  • Page 22 The last page in the NRST group, the nearest airspace page, provides informa- TAKEOFF TOUR PROCEDURES tion for up to nine controlled or special-use airspaces near or in your flight path. Airspace information appears on this page based upon the same criteria used for air- Special-use and space alert messages.
  • Page 23 The GPS 400 lets you create up to 20 flight plans, with up to thirty-one way- TAKEOFF TOUR points in each flight plan. Flight plans are created, edited and activated using the key. The FPL page group includes two pages: the active flight plan page and Flight Plans the flight plan catalog.
  • Page 24 Additional Reading To activate the new flight plan: This Takeoff Tour is intended to provide a brief introduction of the GPS 400’s major features. The Reference section of this manual describes these features, and others, in additional detail. Use the reference section, as needed, to learn or review the details regarding a particular feature.
  • Page 25 Page Groups NAV Page Group Main Page Groups The GPS 400’s main pages are divided into groups: NAV, WPT, and AUX. While viewing any of these pages, selection of another page is a simple selection process using the small ( ) and large ( ) right knobs.
  • Page 26 (an up arrow) the waypoint or if you have passed the waypoint (a down arrow). DME Arc to the right Left-hand Holding Pattern The GPS 400 always navigates TO a waypoint unless the OBS switch is set (preventing automatic waypoint sequencing), or you Right-hand Holding Pattern...
  • Page 27 Directly below the CDI appears the active leg of your flight plan, or the direct-to destination when using the key. This will automatically sequence to the next NAV PAGES leg of your flight plan as you reach each interim waypoint. If no flight plan or direct- to destination has been selected, the destination field will remain blank.
  • Page 28 If the GPS 400 is unable to determine a GPS position, the present position (airplane) symbol will not appear on the map page.
  • Page 29 Different symbols are used to distinguish between waypoint types. The identi- NAV PAGES fiers for any on-screen waypoints can also be displayed. (By default the indentifiers are enabled.) Special-use and controlled airspace boundaries appear on the map, Map Page showing the individual sectors in the case of Class B or Class C airspace. The follow- ing symbols are used to depict the various airports and navaids on the map page: Airport with hard surface runway(s);...
  • Page 30 An autozoom feature is available which will automatically adjust from an en PROCEDURES NAV PAGES route scale of 2000 through each lower scale, stopping at a scale of 1.0 as you approach your destination waypoint. The autozoom feature is turned on/off from Approach Examples Map Page the map setup page described on page 26.
  • Page 31 Map Panning Another map page function is panning, which allows you to move the map beyond NAV PAGES its current limits without adjusting the map scale. When you select the panning function—by pressing the small right knob —a target pointer will appear on the Map Page map display.
  • Page 32 Map Direct-To PROCEDURES NAV PAGES To designate an on-screen airport, navaid or user waypoint as your direct-to destination: Approach Examples Map Page The direct-to function can be used anywhere on the map. If nothing currently exists at the target pointer position, a new waypoint (called “+MAP”; shown at left) will be created at the target pointer location before the direct-to is initiated.
  • Page 33 Many of the GPS 400’s functions are menu driven. Each of the main pages has NAV PAGES an options menu, allowing you to custom tailor the corresponding page to your pref- erences and/or select special features which specifically relate to that page. A map...
  • Page 34 To change a map setup feature: PROCEDURES NAV PAGES Approach Examples Map Page Options   ...
  • Page 35 Wind Vector NAV PAGES For installations with heading and air data interfaces, the GPS 400 can display a wind vector on the map page. The wind vector symbol is located in the lower right Map Page Options corner of the map display. The vector symbol points in the direction the wind is travelling, with wind speed appearing adjacent to the symbol.
  • Page 36 Selecting Full Screen Map PROCEDURES NAV PAGES The “Data Fields Off?” option provides a full-screen map display (shown bottom right), without the four data fields along the right-hand side of the screen. Select Approach Examples Map Page Options this option when you wish to display a larger map area. If this option has been selected and the data fields are off, “Data Fields On?”...
  • Page 37 Restoring Factory Settings NAV PAGES “Restore Defaults?” resets all four user-selectable data fields to their original factory default settings. NAVCOM Page To restore the factory default settings, rotate the large right knob ( ) to high- light “Restore Defaults?” (see top right) and press NAVCOM Page Assigned Departure,...
  • Page 38 To scroll through the list of frequencies: PROCEDURES NAV PAGES Approach Examples NAVCOM Page  Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows: “TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only “PT” - part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will be preceded by an “Info?”...
  • Page 39 Position Page NAV PAGES The position page (the fourth NAV page) displays your present position (by default, in latitude and longitude) and altitude. The position page also displays Position Page your current track, ground speed, time and a reference waypoint field. These fields are user-selectable to configure the page to your own preferences and current navi- gation needs.
  • Page 40 To change the user-selectable data fields: PROCEDURES NAV PAGES Approach Examples Position Page  The position page also features a reference waypoint field, located at the bottom of the page, to indicate your bearing and distance to/from a selected waypoint. The ref- erence waypoint field can display bearing and distance information for a nearby air- port (default), VOR, NDB, intersection or user waypoint.
  • Page 41 NAV PAGES Position Page ‘ Restoring Factory Settings A “Restore Defaults?” option allows you to reset all data fields to their original factory default settings. This will return the three user-selectable fields at the top of the page AND the reference waypoint fields to default settings. To restore the factory default settings: “...
  • Page 42 Satellite Status Page PROCEDURES NAV PAGES The satellite status page (the fifth NAV page) provides a visual reference of GPS receiver functions, including current satellite coverage, GPS receiver status and Approach Examples Satellite Status Page position accuracy. The satellite status page is helpful in troubleshooting weak (or missing) signal levels due to poor satellite coverage or installation problems.
  • Page 43 NAV PAGES signal strength bar) before the satellite may be used for navigation (solid signal strength bar). Once the GPS receiver has determined your position, the GPS 400 Satellite Status Page will indicate your position, track and ground speed on the other navigation pages.
  • Page 44 Vertical Navigation Page The GPS 400’s vertical navigation page (the last NAV page) allows you to create a three-dimensional profile which guides you from your present position and altitude to a final (target) altitude at a specified location.
  • Page 45 NAV PAGES Vertical Navigation TIME AND DISTANCE TO PROFILE (VNAV) CURRENT ALTITUDE AND POSITION TARGET ALTITUDE  AND POSITION DISTANCE TO TARGET Ž AIRPORT To create a vertical navigation profile:  ...
  • Page 46 NAV PAGES PROCEDURES Vertical Navigation Approach Examples With the profile set, the vertical speed required (VSR) is displayed on the verti- (VNAV) cal navigation page. Expect the following to occur when using the vertical naviga- tion feature: • At one minute prior to reaching the initial descent point, a message “...

  • Page 47: Section 2: Direct-To Navigation

    Selecting a Destination The GPS 400’s direct-to function provides a quick method of setting a course to a destination waypoint. Once a direct-to is activated, the GPS 400 will establish a point-to-point course line (great circle) from your present position to the selected Œ...
  • Page 48 Selecting a Destination by Facility Name or City DIRECT-TO In addition to selecting a destination by identifier, the select direct-to waypoint page also allows you to select airports, VORs and NDBs by facility name or city Selecting by location. If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or city, additional Facility or City entries may be viewed by continuing to rotate the small right knob ( ) during the...
  • Page 49 Selecting a Destination from the Active Flight Plan DIRECT-TO If you’re navigating an active flight plan, any waypoint contained in the flight plan may be selected as a direct-to destination from the select direct-to waypoint Flight Plan Waypoints page. (See section 3, beginning on page 44, for more information on flight plans.) Nearest Airports To select a direct-to destination from the active flight plan: ...
  • Page 50 Shortcuts DIRECT-TO PROCEDURES Shortcuts are available when using the key, allowing you to bypass the use of the small ( ) and large ( ) right knobs to enter the destination waypoint’s iden- Direct-To Approach Examples tifier. A direct-to can be performed from any page displaying a single waypoint iden- Shortcuts tifier (such as the WPT pages for airports and navaids) by simply pressing .
  • Page 51  Ž Manually Defining the Direct-To Course Whenever you perform a direct-to, the GPS 400 will set a direct great circle course to your selected destination. You can also manually define the course to Ž your destination, using the “CRS” course field on the select direct-to waypoint page.

  • Page 52: Section 3: Flight Plans ( Key And Fpl

    Creating Flight Plans Approach Examples The GPS 400 lets you create up to 20 different flight plans, with up to 31 waypoints in each flight plan. The flight plan page group consists of two pages, accessed by pressing the key. The flight plan pages allow you to create, edit and copy flight plans.
  • Page 53 Flight Plan Editing FLIGHT PLANS To add a waypoint to an existing flight plan: Editing Flight Plans  To delete a waypoint from an existing flight plan:   A one-line user comment may be added to any flight plan, which will be dis- played on the flight plan catalog, next to the flight plan’s number.
  • Page 54 To change the comment line for an existing flight plan: FLIGHT PLANS PROCEDURES Activating/Inverting Approach Examples Flight Plans  Activating Flight Plans Once a flight plan is defined through the flight plan catalog (using the steps pre- viously outlined), it may be activated for navigation. Activating the flight plan places it into “flight plan 0”...
  • Page 55 Copying Flight Plans FLIGHT PLANS If you want to save a flight plan currently located in “flight plan 0”, be sure to copy it to an open catalog location (1-19) before the flight plan is cancelled, overwrit- Copying/Deleting ten or erased. Flight Plans To copy a flight plan to another flight plan catalog location: Œ...
  • Page 56 46. Create New Flight Plan? allows you to create a new flight plan, as described on page 44. Crossfill? allows you to transfer flight plans between two 400-series GARMIN units (GNS 430/GNC 420/GPS 400) in a dual unit installation. Ž...
  • Page 57 Delete Flight Plan? allows you to remove the selected flight plan from memory, as described on page 47. Deleting a flight plan does not delete the individual way- FLIGHT PLANS points contained in the flight plan from the database or user waypoint memory. Active Flight Plan Delete All Flight Plans? allows you to remove all flight plans from memory at one time.
  • Page 58 To change a data field on the active flight plan page: FLIGHT PLANS PROCEDURES Active Flight Approach Examples Plan Options  To restore factory default settings for data fields on the active flight plan page:  Active Flight Plan Options The following options (some covered on the preceding pages) are available for the flight plan catalog: Activate Leg? activates/reactivates the flight plan and selects the highlighted leg as...
  • Page 59 Copy Flight Plan? copies the active flight plan to a flight plan catalog location, FLIGHT PLANS as described on page 47. The copy function is useful for duplicating the active flight plan before making changes. Active Flight Invert Flight Plan? reverses the active flight plan. See description of “Invert & Plan Options Activate FPL”...
  • Page 60 (SID) for the departure airport, or replace the current departure with a  new selection. When using a direct-to, the GPS 400 will use the nearest airport as a reference when displaying available departures. See page 56 for information on selecting departures using the key.
  • Page 61 Remove Approach? deletes the currently selected approach from the active FLIGHT PLANS flight plan. Remove Arrival? deletes the current STAR from the active flight plan. Active Flight Plan Options Remove Departure? deletes the current SID from the active flight plan. To remove an approach, arrival or departure from the active flight plan: Œ...

  • Page 62: Section 4: Approaches, Departures And Arrivals ( Key)

    Shortcuts FLIGHT PLANS PROCEDURES A number of shortcuts are available to save time when using the active flight plan page. These shortcuts speed the process of removing approaches, departures Active Flight Approach Examples and arrivals, and aid in selecting a specific flight plan leg for navigation guidance. Plan Editing On the preceding page, options to remove approaches, departures and arrivals were introduced.
  • Page 63 On page 50 the “Activate Leg?” option is discussed, which allows you to specify FLIGHT PLANS which leg of the flight plan will currently be used for navigation guidance. A shortcut also exists for this operation, using the key. Active Flight Plan Leg Selection To activate a specific leg of the active flight plan: Œ...
  • Page 64 Approach Examples Departures & Arrivals The GPS 400 allows you to fly non-precision approaches to airports with published instrument approach procedures. All available approaches are stored on your Jeppesen NavData® card, and are automatically updated when you replace the card with a new one.
  • Page 65 Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. As PROCEDURES you select an approach, a “ ” designation to the right of the procedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the Activating GPS receiver. Some procedures will not have this designation, Approaches meaning the GPS receiver may be used for supplemental navigation guidance only.
  • Page 66 Select Destination Many overlay approaches are complex (in comparison to GPS-only approaches). The GPS 400 displays and guides you through each leg of the approach—automati- “Select” and “Load” cally sequencing through each of these legs, up to the missed approach point the approach (MAP).
  • Page 67 PROCEDURES The procedure turn portion of an approach is stored as one of the legs of the approach. For this reason, the GPS 400 requires no special operations from the Procedure Turn pilot—other than flying the procedure turn itself—beyond what is required for any Approach Example other type of approach.
  • Page 68 Flying the Procedure Turn PROCEDURES PROCEDURES Procedure Turn Œ Approach Examples Approach Example Œ Ž    DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Ž...
  • Page 69 PROCEDURES DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION Procedure Turn Approach Example ’ • ” ” ‘ “ ’ When viewing the map page, note that the final course segment is dis- played in magenta (the active leg of the flight plan always appears in magenta) and a dashed line extends the course beyond the MAP.
  • Page 70 Flying the Missed Approach PROCEDURES PROCEDURES After you pass the MAP, if the runway isn’t in sight you must execute a missed approach. The GPS 400  Missed Approach Approach Examples continues to give guidance Example Ž along an extension of the final course segment (FAF ...
  • Page 71 PROCEDURES Approach with Hold Example  Flying an Approach with a Hold Continuing where the previous example left off, we’ll assume weather conditions resulted in a missed approach at Lynchburg Regional. Now, you’ve decided to divert to Farmville Regional (KFVX) instead. ...
  • Page 72 PROCEDURES PROCEDURES • Approach with Hold ’ “ ” Approach Examples Example ‘ DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION “ ” • If you need to lose extra altitude or speed by going around the hold- ing pattern again, press to manually suspend waypoint sequencing BEFORE crossing the holding waypoint the second time.
  • Page 73 PROCEDURES Approach with Hold Example DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION...
  • Page 74 Flying a DME Arc Approach PROCEDURES Forbes Field (Topeka, KS) PROCEDURES The GPS overlay for a DME arc VOR/DME Rwy 21 approach uses additional Jeppesen- DME Arc Approach Examples provided waypoints to define the arc. Approach Example These waypoints are indicated by “D”...
  • Page 75 PROCEDURES DO NOT USE FOR ’ NAVIGATION DME Arc Approach Example ‘ “    Ž  ’...
  • Page 76 PROCEDURES DO NOT USE FOR PROCEDURES NAVIGATION DME Arc Approach Examples Approach Example “ ” • •...
  • Page 77 DME arc, ATC tells you to expect vectors onto the final approach Vectors-To-Final course. There are several ways to select “vectors to final” with the GPS 400. The first Approach Example two options below will normally require the least workload to accomplish: •...
  • Page 78 Flying the Vectors Approach PROCEDURES  PROCEDURES With “vectors to final” selected,  the CDI needle will remain off center Vectors-To-Final until you’re established on the final Approach Examples Approach Example approach course. With the approach activated, the map page will display an extension of the final approach Ž...
  • Page 79 PROCEDURES ‘ Vectors-To-Final ’ Approach Example “ ” ‘ DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION ’ ”...
  • Page 80 PROCEDURES Certain approach, departure, and arrival procedures in the Jeppesen database con- tain course from fix flight plan legs. The GPS 400 is able to load these legs into the Course From Fix flight plan along with the rest of the procedure data, and to provide navigation along these legs.
  • Page 81 PROCEDURES Course From Fix TYPE 2: Course from fix to altitude Course from fix to altitude legs will show the specific target altitude on the active flight plan and default NAV pages. The missed approach sequence for the Palmdale VOR/DME RWY 25 approach includes a course from fix to altitude leg. In this instance, the leg corresponds to the initial phase of the missed approach, which reads “Climb to 5000’...
  • Page 82 MISSED APPROACH: Ž PROCEDURES Palmdale (CA) AF Plant 42 VOR/DME or GPS Rwy 25  Course From Fix  Œ Ž DO NOT USE FOR NAVIGATION MISSED APPROACH Climb to 5000’ outbound via PMD VOR R-282, then climbing RIGHT turn to 7000’ direct PMD VOR and hold.
  • Page 83 TYPE 3: Course from fix to manual sequence PROCEDURES COASTAL ONE DEPARTURE Ž Course from fix to manual sequence (CSTL1.CCC) legs will appear on the active flight plan DEPARTING BARNES MUNI, Œ  Course From Fix and map pages with “man seq” in place Fly assigned heading and altitude for radar vectors to HFD of a waypoint identifier.
  • Page 84 WPT Page Group WPT Page Group Section 1 introduced the GPS 400’s main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX,—and described each page in the NAV group. This second page group (WPT) provides information for the thousands of airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, runways, fre- quencies and procedures stored on your Jeppesen NavData®...
  • Page 85 WPT PAGES The WPT page group includes ten pages. While viewing any WPT page, rotate the small right knob ( ) to select a different WPT page. The first six pages provide Waypoint Identifier, detailed information for the selected airport: location, runways, frequencies, approaches, arrivals, and departures.
  • Page 86 Approach Examples Duplicate Waypoints or location, the GPS 400’s Spell’N’Find™ feature will scroll through the database, displaying those waypoints matching the characters you have entered to that point. If duplicate entries exist for the entered facility name or location, additional entries...
  • Page 87 Airport Location Page WPT PAGES Airport Identifier, Facility Name and Symbol and Type Location (city) Airport Location Field Elevation, Latitude/Longitude Available Fuels Position and Airspace Type Best Available First Page Approach and in WPT group Radar Coverage The airport location page displays the latitude, longitude, and elevation of the selected airport.
  • Page 88 Airport Runway Page PROCEDURES WPT PAGES Airport Identifier, Runway Symbol and Type Designations Approach Examples Airport Runways Runway Length Map Image and Width  Runway Surface Second Page and Lighting in WPT group The airport runway page displays runway designations, length, surface type and lighting for the selected airport.
  • Page 89 The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport runway page: WPT PAGES • Type— Usage type: Public, Military or Private Airport Frequencies • Surface— Runway surface types include: Hard, Turf, Sealed, Gravel, Dirt, Soft, Unknown or Water • Lighting— Runway lighting types include: No Lights, Part Time, Full Time, Unknown or Frequency (for pilot-controlled lighting) ...
  • Page 90 WPT PAGES PROCEDURES Airport Frequencies Approach Examples Some listed frequencies may include designations for limited usage, as follows: “TX” - transmit only “RX” - receive only Œ “PT” - part time frequency If a listed frequency has sector or altitude restrictions, the frequency will be pre- ceded by an “Info?”...
  • Page 91 The following descriptions and abbreviations are used on the airport frequency WPT PAGES page: Airport Frequencies • Type— Usage type: Public, Military or Private • Frequency— Communication frequencies which may include restrictions: Approach Arrival Class B Class C Departure Terminal TRSA Communication frequencies without restrictions: ATIS...
  • Page 92 Airport Approach Page WPT PAGES PROCEDURES Approach Airport Identifier, Procedure Name Symbol and Type Airport Approaches Approach Examples Transitions: IAFs, Feeder Routes and Map Image Vectors-to-Final  Fourth Page in WPT group The airport approach page shows the available approach procedures for the selected airport.
  • Page 93 Not all approaches in the database are approved for GPS use. As WPT PAGES you select an approach, a “ ” designation to the right of the pro- cedure name indicates the procedure can be flown using the GPS Airport Approaches receiver.
  • Page 94 Airport Arrival Page Arrival Procedure PROCEDURES WPT PAGES Name Airport Identifier, Symbol and Type Approach Examples Airport Arrivals Transitions Map Image Runways Associated with Arrival  Fifth Page in WPT group The airport arrival page shows the available Airport Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) procedures for the selected airport.
  • Page 95 WPT PAGES Airport Arrivals Airport Arrival Page Options ’ The following option is available for the airport arrival page, by pressing the key: Load into Active FPL? allows you to load the selected arrival into the active flight plan. This is identical to loading an arrival procedure from the procedures page, as described on page 56.
  • Page 96 Airport Departure Page Departure PROCEDURES WPT PAGES Procedure Name Airport Identifier, Symbol and Type Approach Examples Airport Departures Runways Associated with Departure Map Image Transitions  Sixth Page in WPT group The airport departure page shows the available Airport Standard Instrument Departure (SID) procedures for the selected airport.
  • Page 97 WPT PAGES Airport Departures  Airport Departure Page Options The following option is available for the airport departure page, by pressing the key: Load into Active FPL? allows you to load the selected departure into the active Ž flight plan. This is identical to loading a departure procedure from the proce- dures page, as described on page 56.
  • Page 98 Intersection Page PROCEDURES WPT PAGES Nearest VOR Intersection and Symbol Identifier and Symbol Approach Examples Intersections Radial and Region/Country Distance from Nearest VOR Latitude/Longitude Seventh Page Position in WPT group The intersection page displays the latitude, longitude, region and country for the selected intersection.
  • Page 99 NDB Page Facility Name, WPT PAGES NDB Identifier City and and Symbol Region/Country NDBs Frequency and Weather Broadcast Indication Latitude/Longitude Position Eighth Page in WPT group The NDB page displays the facility name, city, region/country, latitude and longitude for the selected NDB. The NDB page also displays the frequency and a weather broadcast indication (if applicable).
  • Page 100 VOR Page Magnetic PROCEDURES WPT PAGES Variation VOR Identifier and Symbol Approach Examples VORs Frequency and Facility Name, Weather Broadcast City and Indication Region/Country Latitude/Longitude Ninth Page Position in WPT group The VOR page displays the facility name, city, region/country, magnetic variation, latitude and longitude for the selected VOR.
  • Page 101 In addition to the airport, VOR, NDB and intersection information contained in your Jeppesen NavData® card, the GPS 400 allows you to store up to 1,000 user- defined waypoints. The user waypoint page displays the waypoint name (up to five characters long), identifier and radial from two reference waypoints, distance from one reference waypoint, along with the user waypoint’s latitude/longitude position.
  • Page 102 Creating User Waypoints WPT PAGES PROCEDURES User waypoints may be created from the user waypoint page or the map page. To create a new user waypoint, simply enter its name (identifier) and position, or refer- Creating Approach Examples ence another waypoint by radial and distance. User Waypoints To create a new user waypoint by entering its latitude/longitude position: ...
  • Page 103 User Waypoints  ’ The GPS 400 allows you to create a new user waypoint at a defined radial and distance from your present position. To reference your present posi- tion, follow the steps above, but press in step #4. “P.POS” will appear in the reference waypoint (REF WPT) field to indicate that radial and dis- tance information will reference your present position.
  • Page 104 Creating User Waypoints from the Map Page WPT PAGES The map page and panning target pointer (see page 23) provide a quick means of PROCEDURES saving your present position as a user-defined waypoint. Creating / Modifying Approach Examples To capture and save your present position as a user waypoint: User Waypoints Œ...
  • Page 105 If you attempt to modify or delete a waypoint which is currently a direct-to waypoint or the current “from” or “to” waypoint in the active flight plan, the GPS 400 will alert you with the “Can’t change an active waypoint” or “Waypoint is active and can’t be deleted” message.
  • Page 106 User Waypoint Page Options WPT PAGES PROCEDURES The following user waypoint page options are available by pressing the key: Deleting Waypoints View User Waypoint List? displays a list of all user waypoints currently stored in Approach Examples User Waypoint List memory.
  • Page 107 To review and/or modify a user waypoint from the user waypoint list: WPT PAGES Modifying / Deleting User Waypoints Ž To rename a user waypoint from the user waypoint list:  To delete a user waypoint from the user waypoint list: Ž...
  • Page 108 To delete all user waypoints from memory: WPT PAGES PROCEDURES Deleting All Approach Examples User Waypoints  Ž ...
  • Page 109 NRST Page Group NRST Page Group Section 1 introduced the GPS 400’s main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX, —and described each page in the NAV group. A fourth separate page group (NRST) pro- vides detailed information for the nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections and user waypoints within 200 nm of your current position.
  • Page 110 NRST PAGES Not all nine nearest airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections or user waypoints can be PROCEDURES displayed on the corresponding NRST page at one time. The nearest airport page dis- plays detailed information for three nearest airports, with a scroll bar along the right- Scrolling Through Approach Examples hand side of the page indicating which part of the list is currently being viewed.
  • Page 111 Navigating to a Nearby Waypoint NRST PAGES The NRST pages can be used in conjunction with the GPS 400’s direct-to func- tion to quickly set a course to a nearby facility. This feature can often be a real time Nearest Airports saver compared to retrieving information from the database using the WPT pages.
  • Page 112 Nearest Airport Page NRST PAGES The nearest airport page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing and distance to the nine nearest airports (within 200 nautical miles of your present position). For Nearest Airports each airport listed, the nearest airport page also indicates the best available approach, common traffic advisory frequency (CTAF) and the length of the longest runway.
  • Page 113 To view additional information for a nearby airport: NRST PAGES Nearest VORs Nearest VOR Page The nearest VOR page displays the identifier, symbol, bearing and distance to the nine nearest VORs (within 200 nautical miles of your present position). For each VOR listed, the nearest VOR page also indicates the frequency of the nearby VOR for reference in tuning a VOR receiver.
  • Page 114 To view additional information for a nearby VOR: NRST PAGES Nearest ARTCC Nearest Center (ARTCC) Page The nearest center page displays the facility name, bearing to and distance to the five nearest ARTCC points of communication (within 200 nautical miles of your pre- sent position).
  • Page 115 Nearest Flight Service Station (FSS) Page NRST PAGES The nearest flight service station page displays the facility name, bearing to and distance to the five nearest FSS points of communication (within 200 nautical miles Nearest FSS of your present position). For each FSS listed, the nearest flight service station page also indicates the frequency(s).
  • Page 116 • If you are within two nautical miles of an airspace and your current NRST PAGES course will take you inside, the message “Airspace near and ahead” will appear. The nearest airspace page will show “Within 2nm of airspace”. Nearest Airspaces •...
  • Page 117 Status and NRST PAGES Time to Entry Airspace Name Nearest Airspaces Message Eighth Page Œ Annunciator in NRST group To view additional details for an airspace listed on the nearest airspace page: Ž The airspace page displays (and airspace alert messages are provided for) the fol- lowing airspace types: •...
  • Page 118 NRST PAGES “Done?” Field (return to Airspace Name Nearest Airspaces previous page) and Type “Frequency?” Field Status and (display frequency page) Time to Entry Floor/Ceiling Limits The bottom right-hand corner of the airspace page displays the floor and ceiling limits of the airspace. The following are examples of what may appear as vertical limits for an airspace: •...
  • Page 119 AUX Page Group AUX Page Group Section 1 introduced the GPS 400’s main page groups—NAV, WPT, AUX—and described each page in the NAV group. The third page group (AUX) allows you to change unit settings, customizing operation to your preferences. The AUX pages also provide E6B functions—such as trip planning, fuel planning, density altitude,...
  • Page 120 Flight Planning Page AUX PAGES Flight Planning Menu Options: to select, highlight with cursor and press Œ First Page in AUX group The flight planning page provides access (via “menu options”) to E6B functions for fuel planning, trip planning, density altitude/true airspeed/winds aloft calcula- tions and a “Crossfill”...
  • Page 121 One-time messages will appear once the timer expires and will reappear include a Shadin fuel computer. In these each time the GPS 400 is powered on, until the message is deleted. Periodic mes- installations, use the “Change Fields?” option...
  • Page 122 Flight Planning Page: Fuel Planning AUX PAGES To perform fuel planning operations: Flight Planning Ž Ž “ • REQ— Quantity of fuel required • LFOB— Left-over fuel on board • LRES— Left-over fuel reserve time • EFF— Efficiency, expressed in distance per fuel units (e.g. nautical miles per gallon) •...
  • Page 123 Flight Planning Page: Trip Planning AUX PAGES To perform trip planning operations: Flight Planning Ž Ž ’ • DTK— Desired track, or desired course • DIS— Distance • ETE— Estimated time en route • ESA— En route safe altitude • ETA— Estimated time of arrival...
  • Page 124 Flight Planning Page: Density Alt / TAS / Winds AUX PAGES To calculate density altitude, true airspeed, winds aloft: Flight Planning Œ Ž • DEN ALT— Density altitude • TAS— True airspeed • WIND— Wind direction and speed ’ • HEAD/TAIL WIND—Magnitude of head wind or tail wind component If your installation includes components (such as an airdata sensor) to provide any of the variables above, the density alt/tas/winds page data...
  • Page 125 Flight Planning • Active Flight Plan—transfer the active flight plan to/from a second Œ 400-Series GARMIN unit (GNS 430/GNC 420/GPS 400) in a dual unit installation. This option is the default when selecting “Crossfill” from the flight planning page. • Flight Plan—transfer any stored flight plan to/from a second 400- Series unit, by selecting the flight plan by number.
  • Page 126 Flight Planning Page: Scheduler AUX PAGES To enter a scheduled message: Flight Planning   To edit a scheduled message: To delete a scheduled message:...
  • Page 127 Flight Timers— provides count up/down timers, plus automatic recording of departure time and total trip time. Departure and total trip time recording can be configured to run either any time GPS 400 power is on, or only when your ground speed exceeds 30 knots.
  • Page 128 RAIM Prediction— allows you to confirm that GPS coverage is available for your current location or at a specified waypoint at any time and date. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring performs checks to ensure that the GPS 400 will have adequate satellite geometry to work with during your flight. RAIM availability will be near 100% in Oceanic, En route and Terminal phases of flight.
  • Page 129 Utility Page: Checklists AUX PAGES To create a checklist: Utility Page Œ To execute a checklist: Œ To edit a checklists:  To delete a checklist or all checklists:...
  • Page 130 Utility Page: Flight Timers AUX PAGES To view, use or reset the generic timer: Utility Page Œ Ž To record or reset the departure time: Ž...
  • Page 131 Utility Page: Flight Timers (cont.) AUX PAGES To view, use or reset total trip time: Utility Page  Utility Page: Trip Statistics Œ To reset trip statistics readouts: • Reset Trip?— Resets trip odometer and average ground speed readouts • Reset Max Speed?—Resets maximum speed readout only ...
  • Page 132 Utility Page: RAIM Prediction AUX PAGES To predict RAIM availability: Utility Page Œ  • RAIM Not Available— Satellite coverage is predicted to NOT be sufficient for reliable operation during non-precision approaches • RAIM Available— Satellite coverage is predicted to be sufficient for reliable operation during all flight phases, including non-precision ...
  • Page 133 The software / database version page displays software version information for Ž each of the various subsystems contained within the GPS 400, as well as database versions for the Jeppesen NavData® card and built-in land data. This page is for information purposes only—no user functions are available from this page.
  • Page 134 Setup 1 Page AUX PAGES Setup 1 Menu Options: to select, highlight with cursor and press Œ Third Page in AUX group The setup 1 page provides access (via “menu options”) to airspace alarms, CDI scale adjustment, an arrival alarm, units of measure settings, position formats, map datums and settings for local or UTC time display.
  • Page 135 CDI Scale / Alarms— allows you to define the scale for the GPS 400’s on-screen AUX PAGES course deviation indicator. The scale values represent full scale deflection for the CDI to either side. The default setting is “Auto”, which starts the CDI scale at 5...
  • Page 136 The NavData® card contains over 100 map datums to adjust your position reading, making it conform to specific paper charts. If you are using a chart based on another datum, you must set the GPS 400 to use Setup 1 the same datum.
  • Page 137 Setup 1 Page: CDI Scale / Alarms AUX PAGES To change the CDI scale: Setup 1 Œ To set the arrival alarm and alarm distance: Ž Ž The CDI scale is always measured in nautical miles, regardless of the current distance units of measure selected on the units/mag var page.
  • Page 138 Setup 1 Page: Units / Mag Var AUX PAGES To set the magnetic variation: Setup 1 Œ To change the units of measure:  • DIS, SPD—distance and speed in Nautical (nautical miles/knots), Statute (miles/miles per hour) or Metric (kilometers/kilometers per hour) terms.
  • Page 139 Setup 1 Page: Position Format / Map Datum AUX PAGES To change the position format: Setup 1 Œ • hddd°mm.mmm’—latitude and longitude in degrees and decimal minutes • hddd°mm’ss.s”—latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes and decimal seconds • MGRS—Military Grid Reference System •...
  • Page 140 Setup 1 Page: Date / Time AUX PAGES To display local time or UTC: Setup 1  To set the local time:  Restoring Factory Settings When making changes to any setup 1 page option, a “Restore Defaults?”menu selection allows you to restore the original factory settings (for the selected option only).
  • Page 141 Automatic contrast adjustment varies the screen contrast level based upon current unit temperature. You may also select manual control of the display contrast and backlighting to tailor the GPS 400’s display to your needs. Display backlighting changes are not saved when the GPS 400 is turned off.
  • Page 142 Nearest Airport Criteria— defines the minimum runway length and surface AUX PAGES type used when determining the nine nearest airports to display on the nearest airport page. A minimum runway length and/or surface type may be entered to Setup 2 prevent airports with small runways, or runways that are not of appropriate sur- face, from being displayed.
  • Page 143 Setup 2 Page: Nearest Airport Criteria AUX PAGES To set the minimum runway length and runway surface: Setup 2 Œ • Any surface • Hard surfaces Only • Hard / Soft surfaces • Water landings only  ...
  • Page 144 Setup 2 Page: Data Field Configuration AUX PAGES To change the left-hand data fields: Setup 2 Œ  Ž...
  • Page 145 Restoring Factory Settings AUX PAGES When making changes to any setup 2 page option, a “Restore Defaults?”menu selection allows you to restore the original factory settings (for the selected option). Setup 2 To restore a setup 2 option to the original factory settings: ...
  • Page 146 If a grey code altitude input is available, it will be used instead. If Messages the problem persists, contact your GARMIN dealer and check the The GPS 400 uses a flashing “MSG” annunciator at the bottom of installation and installation settings. When this message occurs, no the screen (directly above the...
  • Page 147 When a “Manual” CDI scale is selected dimmed to reduce the temperature. Check for adequate ventilation from the setup 1 page, the GPS 400 will revert back to “Auto” within or check cooling air flow. Contact your GARMIN dealer for assis- 30 nautical miles of a destination airport.
  • Page 148 31 waypoints to a flight plan (FPL). plans). The data transfer should be re-attempted. The GPS 400 will not allow more than 31 waypoints per flight plan. Data transfer is complete —The unit-to-unit crossfill of user data FPL leg will not be smoothed —The upcoming flight plan (FPL)
  • Page 149 —The GPS 400 has detected a data have been lost due to a memory battery failure, system reset or failure in the main system processor. The GPS 400 is not usable and data expiration (data over six months old). should be taken to your GARMIN dealer for service.
  • Page 150 Other unit functions will continue to work conditions may exist and you may need to use an alternate means of normally, however the GPS 400 should be taken to your GARMIN navigation. dealer for service at your earliest convenience.
  • Page 151 3) during a DME arc approach the turn anticipation distance exceeds Searching the sky —The GPS 400 is searching the sky for GPS 90 seconds. satellite almanac data or the GPS receiver is in AutoLocate Mode. Stored data was lost —All user waypoints, flight plans and system...
  • Page 152 —The GPS 400 has detected a failure (during initial power up) in its system configuration. Some system components may be unusable. Try cycling power off and back on. If the message persists, contact your GARMIN dealer for assistance. User card format unknown —A data card has been inserted, but...
  • Page 153 Abbreviations — Clear MESSAGES, The following is a list of abbreviations — Communications Transceiver aBBREVIATIONS used, and their meanings: CRSR — Cursor & nav tERMS ACTV — Active — ICAO Control Area — Altitude CTAF — Common Traffic Advisory Frequency APPRCHING —Approaching —...
  • Page 154 — Kilograms — Meters Per Minute MESSAGES, Kilohertz Meters Per Second — — aBBREVIATIONS — Kilometers — Minimum Safe Altitude & nav tERMS — Kilometers Per Hour — Message — Knots — Mean Sea Level — Multicom LAT/LON —Latitude/Longitude NATNL —...
  • Page 155 TERM — Radial — Terminal MESSAGES, RAIM — Receiver Autonomous Integrity Track Angle Error — aBBREVIATIONS Monitoring — ICAO Terminal Control Area & nav tERMS Reference — TRANS — Transition — Required / Requirements — Track (also Ground Track) RESTRICTD —Restricted TRSA —...
  • Page 156 EPE(estimated position error) —A mea- The following navigation terms are used sure of satellite geometry quality and addi- on the GPS 400: tional factors, expressed as a horizontal posi- ALT(altitude) —Height above mean sea tion error in feet or meters.
  • Page 157 MESSAGES, Vertical aBBREVIATIONS Navigation & nav tERMS TIME AND DISTANCE TO PROFILE CURRENT ALTITUDE AND POSITION TKE(track angle error) —The angle dif- TARGET ALTITUDE ference between the desired track and your AND POSITION current track. An arrow indicates the prop- DISTANCE TO TARGET er direction to turn to reduce TKE to zero.
  • Page 158 The Jeppesen NavData® card supplied with your GPS 400 can be installed or CARD USE removed when the GPS 400 is on or off. Insert the card with the swing arm handle at the bottom and the label facing to the left (see illustration left). If the NavData card is not present when the unit is turned on, you will receive a “No Jeppesen...
  • Page 159 Appendix B: Specifications APPENDIX SPECIFICATIONS PHYSICAL Unit Size: 6.25”W x 11.00”D x 2.65”H (159mm x 279mm x 67mm) Unit Weight: 4.9 pounds installed (2.2 kg) INTERFACES POWER ARINC 429; Aviation RS-232; CDI/HSI; RMI (digital: clock/data); Superflag Out; Altitude (serial: Icarus, Shadin, Input: 11-33 Volts DC Rosetta or encoded: Gillham/Greycode);...
  • Page 160 Appendix C: Map Datums PROCEDURES APPENDIX Maldives CAMP AREA ASTRO Antarctica DATUMS Approach Examples Campo Inchauspe Geodetic Datum 1949 New Zealand Argentina Canton Astro 1966 GGRS 87 Greece Phoenix Islands Cape Guam 1963 Guam Island South Africa Gux 1 Astro Cape Canaveral Florida, Bahama Guadalcanal Island...
  • Page 161 NAD27 Bahamas NOU TRIAG Luxembourg Luxembourg Bahamas (excluding Observatorio 1966 San Salvador Island) Corvo and Flores APPENDIX NAD27 Canada Canada (including Islands (Azores) Old Egyptian Newfoundland Egypt DATUMS Old Hawaiian Kauai Kauai Island) NAD27 Canal Zone Old Hawaiian Maui Maui Canal Zone NAD27 Caribbean Old Hawaiian MEAN...
  • Page 162 During oceanic, en route and terminal phases of flight, RAIM will be available nearly 100% of the time. Because of the tighter protection limit on approaches, there may be times when RAIM is not available. The GPS 400 automatically monitors RAIM and will warn you with an...
  • Page 163 Can I file slant Golf (“/G”) using my GPS? Yes, you may file your flight plan as /G if your GPS 400 is a certified A1 or A2 installation. If you are flying en route, you may fly /G with an expired database only after you have verified all route waypoints.
  • Page 164 Cannot be set for final approach course or published holding patterns Whenever OBS mode is active, the GPS 400 allows you to select the desired course to/from a waypoint using the HSI (much like a VOR) and display a to/from flag for the active-to waypoint. If an external course input is not available, you may select the OBS course on-screen, via a “Select OBS Course pop-up window.
  • Page 165 MAHP. See page 62 for more information on missed approaches. Why won’t my unit automatically sequence to the next waypoint? The GPS 400 will only sequence flight plan waypoints when automatic sequencing is enabled (i.e., no “OBS” or “SUSP” annunciation directly above the key).
  • Page 166 When does the CDI scale change, and what does it change to? The GPS 400 will begin a smooth CDI scale transition from the 5.0 nm (enroute mode) to the 1.0 nm (terminal mode) scale 30 nm from the destination airport (see right). The CDI scale will further transition to 0.3 nm (approach mode) at 2 nm prior to the FAF during an active approach.
  • Page 167 “Activate Approach?” and then pressing . The GPS 400 will provide navigation along the desired course to the waypoint and rejoin the approach in sequence from that point on. See page 55 for information on activating a specific flight plan leg.
  • Page 168 Declutter map ....22 Addresses, GARMIN ....i, iv Bearing measurements (on map) ..27 Default NAV page .
  • Page 169 Departure time ....122 APPENDIX Departures ....11, 76, 88-89 Field elevation .
  • Page 170 Map scales ....20-22, 80 Nearest NDB page ..3, 12, 101, 102 APPENDIX Map setup ....22, 25-26 Nearest user waypoints page .
  • Page 171 Signal strength ....36 APPENDIX RAIM prediction ..119, 120, 123, 154 Sky view ......36 INDEX RAIM protection limits .
  • Page 172 APPENDIX INDEX Warranty ......iv Waypoint alerts ... . .61-75, 158 Waypoint entry .
  • Page 174 © 1999 GARMIN Corporation 1200 East 151st Street Olathe, KS 66062 GARMIN (Europe) LTD, Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ, UK GARMIN (Asia) Corp., 3F, No. 1, Lane 45, Pao-Hsing Road, Hsin Tien, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.