Garmin 400 Series Pilot's Manual Addendum
Optional displays, weather datalink, xm satellite datalink, taws, terrain
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Summary of Contents for Garmin 400 Series
- Page 1 400/500 Series Garmin Optional Displays Pilot’s Guide Addendum For: •GDL 49 Weather Datalink •GDL 69/69A XM Satellite Datalink •GTX 330/330D TIS •Garmin TAWS (GPS 500 & GNS 530) •Garmin TERRAIN...
- Page 2 Garmin. Garmin hereby grants permission to download a single copy of this manual and of any revision to this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be...
- Page 3 INTRODUCTION ARNING: Terrain data is obtained from third party sources. Garmin is not able to independently Warnings and Cautions verify the accuracy of this data which should be used only as an aid for situational awareness. Ter- rain data must not be used as the sole basis for decisions or maneuvers to avoid terrain or obstacles.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
Contents Introduction Table of Contents PART ONE: TRAFFIC INFORMATION SERVICE (TIS) INTERFACE Section 1: TIS Operation and Symbology ..................1 TIS Operation ............................1 TIS Limitations ............................2 TIS Symbology .............................4 Section 2: Control and Display .....................5 TIS Traffic Display Status and Pilot Response ..................5 Traffic Ground Track ...........................6 Traffic Warning Window ........................6 Traffic Page ............................6... - Page 5 INTRODUCTION Section 2: NEXRAD Overview .....................12 Table of Contents NEXRAD Description .........................12 NEXRAD Abnormalities ........................12 NEXRAD Limitations .........................12 NEXRAD Intensity ..........................13 Section 3: NEXRAD Operation ....................14 Requesting NEXRAD Data ........................14 Data Received Message (GDL 49 Only) ....................16 Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Weather Page .................16 Customizing NEXRAD Data on the Weather Page ................16 Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Map Page ..................17 Customizing NEXRAD Data on the Map Page ..................17...
- Page 6 Introduction Section 5: Temperature, Dewpoints, and Winds .................24 Displaying Temperature/Dewpoints ....................24 Table of Contents Displaying Wind Data ........................24 Section 6: Troubleshooting ......................25 Monitoring the Data Link ........................25 GDL 49 Datalink Status ........................26 GDL 69/69A Datalink Status ......................27 PART THREE: TERRAIN INTERFACE Section 1: Introduction .......................29 Overview ............................29 Operating Criteria ..........................29...
- Page 7 TERRAIN/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage .................36 INTRODUCTION Navigation Database ...........................36 Table of Contents Nearest Airport Criteria & TERRAIN Phase of Flight .................37 TERRAIN Destination Airport ......................37 Section 3: TERRAIN Alerts ......................38 Pop-up Alerts ............................38 Forward Looking TERRAIN Avoidance ....................39 Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) .....................40 TERRAIN Failure Alert ........................41 ‘TERRAIN Not Available’...
- Page 8 Introduction TAWS Symbols ..........................50 Color Interpretation ...........................50 Table of Contents General Database Information ......................51 Database Versions ..........................51 Database Updates ..........................51 Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas of Coverage ..................52 Navigation Database ...........................52 Nearest Airport Criteria & TAWS Phase of Flight ................53 TAWS Destination Airport ........................53 Section 3: TAWS Alerts .......................54 Forward Looking TERRAIN Avoidance ....................55 Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) .....................56...
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Page 9: Part One: Traffic Information Service (Tis) Interface
TCAS uses an airborne interrogator with a half-second update rate, aircraft equipped with a Mode S Data Link such as the Garmin GTX 330 Transponder. TIS Traffic from a while TIS uses the terminal Mode S ground GTX 330 Transponder can then be displayed on a Garmin 400/500 Series unit. -
Page 10: Tis Limitations
TIS Operation and Symbology NOTE: This section on TIS Limitations is not comprehensive. Garmin recommends the user review the TIS Limitations section of the Aeronautical Information Manual, Section 1-3-5. TIS is NOT intended to be used as a collision avoidance system and does not relieve the pilot responsibility to “see and avoid”... - Page 11 TIS information is collected one radar scan prior to the scan during which the uplink occurs. Section 1 Therefore, the surveillance information is approximately 5 seconds old. In order to present the intrud- TIS Operation and Symbology ers in a “real time” position, the TIS ground station uses a “predictive algorithm” in its tracking software. This algorithm uses track history data to extrapolate intruders to their expected positions consistent with the time of display in the cockpit.
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Page 12: Tis Symbology
TIS Symbology Section 1 TIS traffic is displayed on the 400/500 Series unit according to TCAS symbology, graphically displayed TIS Operation and Symbology on a dedicated graphical page (Traffic Page; see below), and on the moving Map Page. A Traffic Advisory (TA) symbol appears as a solid yellow circle (or half circle on the outer range ring if the traffic is outside the range of the dedicated Traffic Page). -
Page 13: Section 2: Control And Display
This state is indicated by the text ‘UNAVAILABLE’ (500 Series) and ‘UNAVAIL’ (400 Series). The pilot should be aware that ‘UNAVAIL’ could indicate a TIS coverage limitation due to a line-of-sight situation, a low altitude condition, or a result of flying directly over the radar site providing coverage (cone of silence). -
Page 14: Traffic Ground Track
Traffic Ground Track Section 2 Traffic ground track is indicated in the 400/500 display by a “target track vector”, a short line displayed Controls and Display in 45-degree increments, extending in the direction of target movement. Traffic Warning Window When the unit is on any page (other than the NAV Traffic Page) and a traffic threat is imminent, the Traffic Warning Window is displayed. -
Page 15: Map Page
• TA only - Only traffic advisories are displayed on the Map Page. From the Map Page you can display traffic in a thumbnail format in any of the top three (400 Series) or four (500 Series) data fields on the right side of the Map Page. -
Page 16: Highlighting Tis Traffic Using Map Page Panning
Highlighting TIS Traffic Using Map Page Panning Section 2 Another Map Page feature is panning, which allows you to move the map beyond its current Controls and Display limits without adjusting the map scale. When you select the panning function — by pressing the small right knob —... -
Page 17: Section 3: Tis Operational Procedures
Section 3: TIS Operational Procedures Section 3 TIS Operational Procedures Introduction TIS warns the user with voice and visual traffic advisories whenever it predicts an intruder to be a threat (see sidebar). The user should not start evasive maneuvers using information from the 400/500 Intruder Aircraft display or on a traffic advisory only. -
Page 18: Manual Override
Manual Override Section 3 The user can manually switch between standby (STBY) and operating (OPER) mode of operation to TIS Operational Procedures manually override automatic operation. To place the display into operating mode from the standby mode (to display TIS traffic): 1. -
Page 19: Part Two: Weather Data Link Interface
Section 1: Introduction How it Works: The Garmin 400/500 Series units provides the display and control interface for the textual and graphi- GDL 49: cal weather data link. For the GDL 49, satellite up-linked textual and graphical weather data is received NEXRAD and METAR data is collected by the National on a request/reply basis. -
Page 20: Section 2: Nexrad Overview
Section 2: NEXRAD Overview Section 2 NEXRAD Overview NEXRAD Description WSR-88D weather surveillance radar or NEXRAD (NEXt generation RADar) is a Doppler radar system that has greatly improved the detection of meteorological events such as thunderstorms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. An extensive network of NEXRAD stations provides almost complete radar coverage of the continental United States, Alaska, and Hawaii. -
Page 21: Nexrad Intensity
NEXRAD Intensity Section 2 NEXRAD Overview Colors are used to identify the different NEXRAD echo intensities (reflectivity) measured in dBZ (decibels of Z). “Reflectivity” (designated by the letter Z) is the amount of transmitted power returned to the radar receiver. The dBZ values increase as returned signal strength increases. Precipitation intensity is displayed on the 400/500 Series units using colors represented by the dBz values listed in Table 2-1. -
Page 22: Section 3: Nexrad Operation
Radius — This field selects a request radius from 50 to 250 nautical miles from the selected position. Position — ‘Current Posn’-Position is current, ‘Look Ahead’-Position is look ahead position, and ‘From Data Link Page for GDL 69 (400 Series). Lat/Lon’-Position is Map Cursor position. - Page 23 NOTE: It is recommended that the pilot turn the Auto Request function ‘on’ by setting it to Section 3 ‘10 min’ updates. This setting provides best performance for the GDL 49. NEXRAD Operation There is no Auto Request function for GDL 69. Instead, weather data is updated automati- cally as it becomes available from XM.
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Page 24: Data Received Message (Gdl 49 Only)
Data Received Message (GDL 49 Only) Section 3 When the request has been answered, the message annunciator (MSG) will flash to alert you to one of the NEXRAD Operation following messages depending on the type of data received: • New NEXRAD Received •... -
Page 25: Displaying Nexrad Data On The Map Page
Section 3 Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Map Page NEXRAD Operation When NEXRAD data is received, it is displayed on the Map Page, in addition to the Weather Page and the default NAV Page. Customizing NEXRAD Data on the Map Page You can customize NEXRAD data on the Map Page by using the Page Menu. -
Page 26: Displaying Nexrad Data On The Default Nav Page (500 Series Only)
Displaying NEXRAD Data on the Default NAV Page (500 Series Only) Section 3 When NEXRAD data is received, it is displayed on the default NAV Page, in addition to the Weather NEXRAD Operation Page and the Map Page. To select the Default NAV Page from the Data Link Page: 1. -
Page 27: Data Link Request Log Page (Gdl 49 Only)
Data Link Request Log Page (GDL 49 Only) Section 3 The Data Link Request Log Page is used to display the data that was requested. When a request is NEXRAD Operation received, a check mark is placed in the box. Sending Position Reports (GDL 49 Only) The Data Link allows for accurate location tracking of your aircraft by sending your position manu- ally or automatically to the EchoFlight web site (www.EchoFlight.com) for use by third-party EchoFlight... -
Page 28: Section 4: Metar Operation
Section 4: METAR Operation Section 4 METAR Operation Requesting Graphical METARS Graphical METAR Data can be requested from the Data Link Page, Map Page, or Airport Page. To request Graphical METARS from the Data Link Page: 1. Select the Data Link Page. 2. -
Page 29: Displaying Graphical Metars On The Nav Weather Page
4. Enter the type of METAR Data you desire and the desired radius (graphical requests only). Section 4 5. Select Manual Send? and press ENT. The request has been sent. METAR Operation Once received, Graphical METAR data is displayed on the NAV Weather Page. Displaying Graphical METARS on the NAV Weather Page To display Graphical METARS on the NAV Weather Page: 1. -
Page 30: Weather Legend Page
Weather Legend Page Section 4 The symbology unique to Graphical METAR, Winds, and Temperature/Dew Point data is displayed on METAR Operation the Weather Legend Page. The Weather Legend Page is accessed from the Weather Page. To display the Weather Legend Page: 1. -
Page 31: Displaying Textual Metars
Displaying Textual METARS Section 4 METAR Operation Once received, Textual METARS are displayed on the METARS Text Page. To select the METARS Text Page: 1. Select the Data Link Page. 2. Select ‘Textual Metar’. 3. Press ENT. The Textual METAR Page is displayed for the airport you selected. You can enter a different identifier on the Textual METAR Page. -
Page 32: Section 5: Temperature, Dewpoints, And Winds
Section 5: Temperature, Dewpoints, and Winds Section 5 Temperature, Dewpoints, and Winds Displaying Temperature/Dewpoints Temperature/Dewpoints are displayed on the NAV Weather Page. To display Temperature/Dewpoints on the NAV Weather Page: 1. Select the NAV Weather Page. 2. Press CRSR. The upper left hand corner data field flashes. 3. -
Page 33: Section 6: Troubleshooting
Section 6: Troubleshooting Section 6 Troubleshooting Although it is the responsibility of the facility that installed the GDL 49 or GDL 69/69A to correct any hardware problems, you can perform some quick troubleshooting steps to find the possible cause of a failure. -
Page 34: Gdl 49 Datalink Status
GDL 49 Datalink Status Section 6 Troubleshooting • TX Queue — Shows the number of requests in the GDL 49’ s transmit queue waiting to be sent to the satellite. • RX Queue — Shows the number of responses in the GDL 49’ s receive queue waiting to be sent to the 400/500 Series. -
Page 35: Gdl 69/69A Datalink Status
GDL 69/69A Datalink Status Section 6 • Sat ID/Connectivity — This field shows the current activation status and signal strength of the XM Troubleshooting Satellite Radio weather service. The Sat ID/Connectivity field shows the following: Sat ID Field ‘--’ GDL 69/69A - 400/500 Series interface communications not yet established. ‘XM’... - Page 36 Section 6 Troubleshooting This page intentionally left blank...
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Page 37: Part Three Terrain Interface
Series units to increase situational awareness and aid in reducing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). TERRAIN functionality is a standard feature found in 400 Series units with main software version 5.01 or above, and in 500 Series units with main software version 6.01 or above, along with appropriate hardware upgrades. -
Page 38: Terrain Alerting Using The Gps Position/Gps-Msl Altitude
The Garmin TERRAIN system utilizes terrain and obstacle databases that are referenced to Mean Sea Introduction Level (MSL). Using the GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude, Garmin TERRAIN portrays a 2D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative to the position and altitude of the aircraft. Furthermore, the GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude are used to calculate and ‘predict’... -
Page 39: Limitations
When an instrument approach is loaded in the active flight plan, the PDA function can provide a Section 1 greater margin of safety by alerting for altitude deviations below minimum approach altitudes. Minimum Introduction altitudes are typically known for the segment prior to the final approach fix and for step-down fixes prior to the missed approach point. -
Page 40: Section 2: Terrain Operation
Section 2: TERRAIN Operation Section 2 TERRAIN Operation Power Up During power-up of the 400/500 Series unit, the terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along with a disclaimer (Figure 2-1). At the same time, the TERRAIN system self-test begins. A failure message is issued if the test fails (see page 41). -
Page 41: Inhibit Mode
Menu Selection Inhibit Mode The Garmin TERRAIN system provides an ‘inhibit mode’. This mode is designed to deactivate PDA/FLTA visual alerts when they are deemed unnecessary by the pilot. Flying VFR into an area where unique terrain exists could cause the system to annunciate a nuisance alert. Pilots should use discretion when inhibiting the TERRAIN system and always remember to enable the system when appropriate. -
Page 42: Terrain Symbols
Color Terrain/Obstacle Location Color Interpretation Terrain/Obstacle is within 100’ or The Garmin TERRAIN system uses black, yellow, and red to depict terrain information relative to above aircraft altitude. aircraft altitude (Figure 2-6 and Table 2-1). Yellow Terrain/Obstacle is within 1000’ of Potential Impact Point aircraft altitude. -
Page 43: General Database Information
The Garmin TERRAIN system uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. TERRAIN Operation The data undergoes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. How- ever, the information displayed should never be understood to be all-inclusive. Pilots must familiar- ize themselves with the appropriate sectional charts for safe flight. -
Page 44: Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas Of Coverage
Obstacle Database. Navigation Database As explained in the “Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)” section (page 40), the Garmin TERRAIN pre- mature descent alerting (PDA) algorithms utilize data contained in the Navigation Database. It is therefore important to also have the latest Navigation Database installed to ensure correct TERRAIN alerting. -
Page 45: Nearest Airport Criteria & Terrain Phase Of Flight
Nearest Airport Criteria & Terrain Phase of Flight Section 2 Changes to the Nearest Airport Criteria Page (Figure 2-8) affect how the TERRAIN system performs. TERRAIN Operation The nearest airport list is used to derive the terrain destination airport when there is no loaded active flight plan or when deviating from the active flight plan (whenever the terrain algorithms go into estimation mode). -
Page 46: Section 3: Terrain Alerts
Section 3: TERRAIN Alerts Section 3 TERRAIN Alerts TERRAIN alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within the TERRAIN system software algorithms. When an alert is issued, visual annunciations are displayed. Annunciations appear in a dedicated field in the lower left corner of the display (Figure 3-1). TERRAIN Annunciation Field Pop-up Alerts On any page except the TERRAIN Page, when a terrain or obstacle alert is issured, a pop-up window is... -
Page 47: Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance
Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance Section 3 The Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance alert, or FLTA, is used by the TERRAIN system and is com- TERRAIN Alerts posed of two elements: • Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Avoidance — Provides alerts when the aircraft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within minimum clearance values outlined in Table 3-1. -
Page 48: Premature Descent Alerting (Pda)
Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) Section 3 The TERRAIN system issues a Premature Descent alert when the system detects that the aircraft is TERRAIN Alerts significantly below the normal approach path to a runway. There are three different scenarios to consider with PDA: PDA Severity Levels •No Approach Loaded—PDA alerting begins when the aircraft is within 15 nm of the destination... -
Page 49: Terrain Failure Alert
TERRAIN Failure Alert Section 3 The TERRAIN system continually monitors several system-critical items, such as database validity, TERRAIN Alerts hardware status, and GPS status. Should the system detect a failure, a message is annunciated ‘TERRAIN has failed’ (Figure 3-5). ‘TERRAIN Not Available’ Alert The TERRAIN system requires a 3D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums. -
Page 50: Terrain Alert Summary
TERRAIN Alert Summary Section 3 Table 3-2 summarizes the TERRAIN alerts. TERRAIN Alerts Alert Type Annuciation Pop-Up Alert TERRAIN Failure None TERRAIN Inhibited None TERRAIN Not Available None Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Advisory Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Alert (FLASHING) (FLASHING) Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) Advisory Required Terrain Impact (ITI) -
Page 51: Part Four Taws Interface
Section 1: Introduction Overview Garmin’ s Terrain Awareness Warning System (TAWS) is an optional feature for the GPS 500 and GNS 530/530A to increase situational awareness and aid in reducing controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) (Figure 1-1). Garmin TAWS satisfies TSO-C151b Class B requirements for certification. Class B TAWS is required for all Part 91 aircraft operations with 6 or more passenger seats and for Part 135 turbine aircraft operations with 6 to 9 passenger seats (FAR Parts 91.223, 135.154). -
Page 52: Taws Alerting Using The Gps Position/Gps-Msl Altitude
Garmin TAWS utilizes terrain and obstacle databases that are referenced to Mean Sea Level (MSL). Introduction Using the GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude, Garmin TAWS portrays a 2D picture of the surrounding terrain and obstacles relative to the position and altitude of the aircraft. Furthermore, the GPS Position and GPS-MSL Altitude are used to calculate and ‘predict’... -
Page 53: Limitations
PDA alerting is provided for both non-published visual approaches and published instrument Section 1 approaches to airports. When an instrument approach is loaded in the active flight plan, the PDA Introduction function can provide a greater margin of safety by alerting for altitude deviations below minimum approach altitudes. -
Page 54: Section 2: Taws Operation
Section 2: TAWS Operation Section 2 TAWS Operation Power Up During power-up of the 500 Series unit, the terrain/obstacle database versions are displayed along with a disclaimer to the pilot. At the same time, TAWS self-test begins. TAWS gives the following aural messages upon test completion: •... - Page 55 To display a 120˚ view: Section 2 1. Select the TAWS Page and press MENU. Select ‘View 120˚?’. TAWS Operation (Figure 2-2) 2. Press ENT. The TAWS Page displays the 120˚ view . To change to a 360˚ view, repeat step 1, select ‘View 360˚?’, and press ENT.
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Page 56: Inhibit Mode
Inhibit Mode Section 2 TAWS provides an ‘inhibit mode’ (Figure 2-4). This mode is designed to deactivate PDA/FLTA aural TAWS Operation and visual alerts when they are deemed unnecessary by the aircrew. Flying VFR into an area where unique terrain exists could cause the system to annunciate a nuisance alert. Pilots should use discretion when inhibiting the TAWS system and always remember to enable the system when appropriate. -
Page 57: Taws Manual Test
TAWS Manual Test Section 2 Garmin TAWS provides a manual test capability which verifies the proper operation of the aural and TAWS Operation visual annunciations of the system prior to a flight. To manually test the TAWS system: 1. Select the TAWS Page and press MENU. -
Page 58: Taws Symbols
TAWS Page. Note that obstacle symbols are shown on display zoom ranges up to 10 nm. Color Interpretation Garmin TAWS uses black, yellow, and red to depict terrain information relative to aircraft altitude Unlighted Obstacles (Figure 2-7). Each color is associated with an alert severity level and a suggested course of action. Color Lighted Obstacles <1000’... -
Page 59: General Database Information
Garmin TAWS uses terrain and obstacle information supplied by government sources. The data under- TAWS Operation goes verification by Garmin to confirm accuracy of the content, per TSO-C151b. However, the displayed information should never be understood as being all-inclusive. Pilots must familiarize themselves with the appropriate sectional charts for safe flight. -
Page 60: Terrain/Obstacle Database Areas Of Coverage
Obstacle Database. Navigation Database As explained in the “Premature Descent Alerting (PDA)” section (page 56), Garmin TAWS Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) algorithms utilize data contained in the navigation database. It is therefore impor- tant to also have the latest navigation database installed to ensure correct TAWS alerting. -
Page 61: Nearest Airport Criteria & Taws Phase Of Flight
Nearest Airport Criteria & TAWS Phase of Flight Section 2 Changes to the Nearest Airport Criteria Page (Figure 2-9) affects how TAWS performs. The nearest air- TAWS Operation port list is used to derive the TAWS destination airport when there is no loaded active flight plan or when off the active flight plan or when deviating from the active flight plan (whenever the TAWS algorithms go into estimation mode). -
Page 62: Section 3: Taws Alerts
Section 3: TAWS Alerts Section 3 TAWS Alerts Alerts are issued when flight conditions meet parameters that are set within TAWS software algorithms. TAWS alerts typically employ either a CAUTION or a WARNING alert severity level, or both. When an alert is issued, visual annunciations are displayed. -
Page 63: Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance
Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance Section 3 The Forward Looking TERRAIN Avoidance alert, or FLTA, is used by TAWS and is composed of two TAWS Alerts elements: Reduced Required Terrain Clearance (RTC) Avoidance — Provides alerts when the aircraft flight path is above terrain, yet is projected to come within minimum clearance values outlined in Table 3-1. -
Page 64: Premature Descent Alerting (Pda)
Premature Descent Alerting (PDA) Section 3 Garmin TAWS issues a Premature Descent alert when the system detects that the aircraft is significantly TAWS Alerts below the normal approach path to a runway. There are three different scenarios to consider with PDA: •... -
Page 65: Excessive Descent Rate Alert (Edr)
Excessive Descent Rate Alert (EDR) Section 3 The purpose of the Excessive Descent Rate alert is to provide suitable alerts when the aircraft is deter- TAWS Alerts mined to be closing (descending) upon terrain at an excessive speed. Figure 3-4 shows the parameters for the alert as defined by TSO-C151b. -
Page 66: Negative Climb Rate After Takeoff Alert (Ncr)
Negative Climb Rate After Takeoff Alert (NCR) Section 3 The purpose of the Negative Climb Rate After Takeoff alert (also referred to as ‘Altitude Loss After TAWS Alerts Takeoff’) is to provide suitable alerts to the pilot when the system determines that the aircraft is losing altitude (closing upon terrain) after takeoff. -
Page 67: Five-Hundred' Aural Alert
(Figure 3-7). The aural message ‘TAWS System Failure’ is issued along with the “TER FAIL” annunciation. TAWS Not Available Alert Garmin TAWS requires a 3D GPS navigation solution along with specific vertical accuracy minimums. Should the navigation solution become degraded, if the terrain/obstacle database is not available, or if Figure 3-7: ‘TERRAIN FAILED’ Display the aircraft is out of the database coverage area, the annunciation ‘TER N/A’... -
Page 68: Taws Alert Summary
The aural alert voice gender is configurable to be either male or female. Also, there are different alert TAWS Alerts text phrases available for several of the alerts, as summarized in Table 3-2. See your Garmin installer for further information on configuring the alert system. - Page 69 Section 3 TAWS Alerts TAWS Page Alert Type Pop-Up Alert Aural Message Annuciation Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) Caution “Caution, Obstacle; Caution, Obstacle” “Obstacle Ahead; Obstacle Ahead” Required Obstacle Clearance (ROC) Warning “Obstacle, Obstacle; Pull Up, Pull Up” “Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up; Obstacle Ahead, Pull Up” Imminent Terrain Impact (ITI) Caution “Terrain Ahead;...
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Page 71: Appendix A: Standard Forecast Abbreviations
Standard Aviation Forecast Abbreviations Appendix A Forecast Abbreviations CLR – Sky clear CIG – Ceiling FEW – Few clouds ‘+’ – (Heavy) BR – Light fog BLO – Below FZ – Freezing ‘/’ – (Missing or separator) SCT – Scattered clouds AFT –... -
Page 72: Appendix B: Graphical Metar Symbology
Appendix A METAR Graphics The following age symbols are common to METARs, Winds, and Temperature/Dewpoint graphics.: Graphical METAR Symbology METAR, Winds, and Temperature/Dewpoints Age Graphics 0 — 10 11 — 20 21 — 30 31 — 60 61+ minutes Unknown minutes minutes minutes... - Page 73 Winds Appendix B Wind Vector — The wind vector indicates the direction of the surface wind to the nearest 30˚ incre- Graphical METAR Symbology ment (e.g. 30˚, 60˚, 90˚, 120˚, etc). Wind Speed — In general, the sum of the wind barbs is the sustained surface wind speed. Wind Speed (Blank) Unkown...
- Page 74 Appendix B Temperature - Dew Points This symbol displays the difference between the reported temperature and dew point. Differences are Graphical METAR Symbology shown in degrees Fahrenheit. Temperature - Dew Point Ceiling Precipitation Visibility Data Age Temp - Dew Point Display Ranges (Blank) Unknown 11°+...
- Page 76 © 2004, 2005 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries Garmin International, Inc. 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A. Garmin (Europe) Ltd. Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ, U.K. Garmin Corporation No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan www.garmin.com...
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