Perkins 1206E-E70TTA Operation And Maintenance Manual page 77

SEBU8601-04
The viscosity of the fuel is significant because fuel
serves as a lubricant for the fuel system components.
Fuel must have sufficient viscosity to lubricate the
fuel system in both extremely cold temperatures and
extremely hot temperatures. If the kinematic viscosity
of the fuel is lower than "1.4 cSt" at the fuel injection
pump, damage to the fuel injection pump can occur.
This damage can be excessive scuffing and seizure.
Low viscosity may lead to difficult hot restarting,
stalling, and loss of performance. High viscosity may
result in seizure of the pump.
Perkins recommends kinematic viscosities of 1.4 and
4.5 mm2/sec that is delivered to the fuel injection
pump. If a fuel with a low viscosity is used, cooling of
the fuel may be required to maintain 1.4 cSt or
greater viscosity at the fuel injection pump. Fuels with
a high viscosity might require fuel heaters to lower
the viscosity to 4.5 cSt at the fuel injection pump.
Density
Density is the mass of the fuel per unit volume at a
specific temperature. This parameter has a direct
influence on engine performance and a direct
influence on emissions. This influence determines
from a heat output given injected volume of fuel. This
parameter is quoted in the following kg/m
(59 °F).
Perkins recommends a density of 841 kg/m
obtain the correct power output. Lighter fuels are
acceptable but these fuels will not produce the rated
power.
Sulfur
The level of sulfur is governed by emissions
legislations. Regional regulation, national
regulations, or international regulations can require a
fuel with a specific sulfur limit. The sulfur content of
the fuel and the fuel quality must comply with all
existing local regulations for emissions.
Perkins 1200 series diesel engines have been
designed to operate only with ULSD. By using the
test methods "ASTM D5453, or ISO 20846", the
content of sulfur in ULSD fuel must be below 15 PPM
(mg/kg) or 0.0015% mass.
NOTICE
Use of diesel fuel with higher than 15 PPM sulphur
limit in these engines will harm or permanently dam-
age emissions control systems and/or shorten serv-
ice interval.
Lubricity
Lubricity is the capability of the fuel to prevent pump
wear. The fluids lubricity describes the ability of the
fluid to reduce the friction between surfaces that are
under load. This ability reduces the damage that is
caused by friction. Fuel injection systems rely on the
lubricating properties of the fuel. Until fuel sulfur limits
were mandated, the fuels lubricity was generally
believed to be a function of fuel viscosity.
The lubricity has particular significance to the current
ultra low sulfur fuel, and low aromatic fossil fuels.
These fuels are made to meet stringent exhaust
emissions.
The lubricity of these fuels must not exceed wear
scar diameter of 0.52 mm (0.0205 inch). The fuel
lubricity test must be performed on an HFRR,
operated at 60 °C (140 °F). Refer to "ISO 12156-1".
The fuels system has been qualified with fuel having
lubricity up to 0.52 mm (0.0205 inch) wear scar diam-
eter as tested by "ISO 12156-1". Fuel with higher
wear scar diameter than 0.52 mm (0.0205 inch) will
lead to reduced service life and premature failure of
the fuel system.
3
at 15 °C
Fuel additives can enhance the lubricity of a fuel.
3
to
Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances
when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier
can make recommendations for additives to use, and
for the proper level of treatment.
Distillation
Distillation is an indication of the mixture of different
hydrocarbons in the fuel. A high ratio of lightweight
hydrocarbons can affect the characteristics of
combustion.
Recommendation for Biodiesel and
Using B20
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be defined as mono-alkyl
esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be
made from various feedstocks. The most commonly
available biodiesel in Europe is Rape Methyl Ester
(RME). This biodiesel is derived from rapeseed oil.
Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most common
biodiesel in the United States. This biodiesel is
derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or rapeseed oil
are the primary feedstocks. These fuels are together
known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME).
Maintenance Section
General Fuel Information
NOTICE
77