Page 1 USER'S GUIDE Present Weather Sensor FS11P M211107EN-C...
Page 2 English versions are applicable, not the translations. The contents of this manual are subject to change without prior notice. This manual does not create any legally binding obligations for Vaisala towards customers or end users. All legally binding obligations and agreements are included exclusively in the applicable supply contract or the General Conditions of Sale and General Conditions of Service of Vaisala.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
Cable Selection ..............30 Line Power Cable ............30 Communication Cable ..........32 Installation Procedures ..........33 Foundation Construction ..........33 Mounting when Casting Pad ......... 34 Mounting to Existing Surface ........ 36 Assembling FS11P ............37 VAISALA _________________________________________________________________________ 1...
Page 4 ............. 79 MESSAGE Command ..........79 MESSAGE 1, FS11P ............ 80 Alarm Status Codes ..........81 MESSAGE 2, FS11P with LM21 ....... 82 MESSAGE 3, Status Message ........83 MESSAGE 4, Uncompensated Values ....86 MESSAGE 5, Vaisala System Standard ....
Page 5 ................. 116 Hood Heaters ............119 BAUD ................. 119 Maintenance Commands .......... 120 ................120 ................121 CLEAN ............... 122 ZERO ................. 122 CHEC ................. 123 DRY ON and WET ..........123 DRY ON ............... 123 ............... 124 VAISALA _________________________________________________________________________ 3...
Page 6 ....127 OPEN Command ............ 127 CLOSE Command ..........127 Available Commands ..........128 Parameter Configuration ........... 130 Default Settings for FS11P Use ......131 LM21 Standard Initialization ......131 CHAPTER 5 THEORY OF OPERATION ..............133 Hardware Description ........... 135 Measurement Unit FSM102 ........
Page 7 ............151 Fog Codes ............151 Weather Classes ............ 152 Weather Codes ............153 Internal Monitoring ............154 FS11P Status Messages ........... 154 Event Messages ............. 155 Alarm Messages ............. 161 Optical Contamination and Blocking Monitoring ..............162 Contamination Compensation ......
Page 8 ............190 Replacing FSC202 ............192 Replacing FSP103 ............195 Replacing Transmitter Module FST102 and Receiver Module FSR102 ......... 198 Replacing/Installing Sensor Cables in FS11P ..204 Removing PWT11 ............206 Removing PWC12 ............208 ® Replacing RAINCAP ..........209...
Page 9 Mounting FS11P to Existing Surface ......36 Figure 9 Mounting FS11P Mast Using Foundation Kit FS211296 ................37 Figure 10 Mounting FS11P Frangible Mast Grounding Cable ..................38 Figure 11 Mounting FS11P Aluminum Mast Using FS211296 Foundation Kit ..........39 Figure 12 Fixing Sensor Arm with Allen Screws ......
Page 10 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Figure 42 PWD32 Block Diagram ........... 140 Figure 43 PWD32 Optical System ..........141 ® Figure 44 RAINCAP Block Diagram ..........142 Figure 45 Principle for Determining Precipitation Type .... 149 Figure 46 Location of Surface Temperature Probe ....
Page 11 Table 11 Alarm Status Codes ............81 Table 12 Default Factory Parameter Settings ......99 Table 13 Default Settings for PWD32 in FS11P Use ....102 Table 14 Commands for Changing Default Settings ....104 Table 15 Commands for Displaying and Changing Parameters .................
Page 12 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Table 43 FS11P Operational Specifications ....... 219 Table 44 FS11P General Optical Specifications ....... 219 Table 45 FS11P Transmitter Optical Specifications ....220 Table 46 FS11P Receiver Optical Specifications ..... 220 Table 47 FS11P Electrical Specifications ........220 Table 48 FS11P Mechanical Specifications .......
Page 13: General Information
First release of this manual. Related Manuals The need for the following manuals, which are for related sensors, computers, displays, and such equipment, depends on the system configuration. (These documents are not included in the standard FS11P delivery.) Table 2 Related Manuals...
Page 14: Documentation Conventions
Vaisala Oyj and its subsidiaries assume no liability for the consequences of customer's failure to comply with these requirements.
Page 15 CAUTION Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards, do not modify or substitute parts in the instrument. Contact Vaisala or its authorized representative for repairs to ensure that safety features are maintained. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 13...
Page 16: Esd Protection
ESD Protection Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can cause immediate or latent damage to electronic circuits. Vaisala products are adequately protected against ESD for their intended use. However, it is possible to damage the product by delivering electrostatic discharges when touching, removing, or inserting any objects inside the equipment housing.
Page 17: Recycling
Dispose of batteries and the unit according to statutory regulations. Do not dispose of with regular household refuse. Regulatory Compliances The FS11P (with or without LM21) complies with the following directives and standards: - Low Voltage Directive (2006/95/EC) - EMC-Directive 2004/108/EC)
Page 18: Trademarks
United States and/or other countries. License Agreement All rights to any software are held by Vaisala or third parties. The customer is allowed to use the software only to the extent that is provided by the applicable supply contract or Software License Agreement.
Page 19: Chapter 2 Product Overview
Runway Visual Range (RVR) applications but measures up to a Meteorological Optical Range (MOR) of 75 km. FS11P can measure the intensity and amount of both liquid and solid precipitation. If the detector is equipped with a background luminance sensor, it can also measure ambient light.
Page 20: Mechanical Structure
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Mechanical Structure 1001-112 Figure 1 FS11P System The following numbers refer to Figure 1 above: 1 = Measurement Unit FSM102 2 = Precipitation Identifier PWD32 3 = Interface Unit FSI102 4 = Pole mast 5 = Background Luminance Sensor LM21 (optional)
Page 21 Chapter 2 ___________________________________________________________ Product Overview The FS11P system is constructed of four main parts (see numbers 1–4 in Figure 1 on page 18): Measurement unit FSM102 includes the measurement CPU, optical parts, transmitter, receiver, and protective hoods equipped with heaters.
Page 22: Equipment Nomenclature
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Equipment Nomenclature Table 3 FS11P Basic Nomenclature Code Common Name Description FSM102 Measurement Unit Measurement unit assembly FST102 Transmitter module FSR102 Receiver module FSC102 Measurement CPU FSI102 Interface Unit Power supply, interfacing assembly FSC202 Interface CPU FSP103...
Page 23: Table 4 Fs11P Options Nomenclature
(leased line) DMX501 Modem For remote communication (discontinued) (leased line) LM21 Background Luminance Includes accessories Sensor LM21 for FS11P FSB101 Battery backup QBR101 battery charger and battery 2 Ah FS11OBS Obstruction Light 12 VDC, 7 W obstruction light DRW232138 Sensor Arm...
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Page 25: Chapter 3 Installation
Perform final installation: - Install the interface and measurement units of FS11P to the pole mast - Connect the power and signal cables of the FS11P sensor - Connect the modem/signal line to the host computer, display, and other such equipment Perform startup tests for the system.
Page 26: Location And Orientation
- FS11P should be located at a minimum distance of 100 m from any large buildings or other constructions that radiate heat and/or obstruct precipitation droplets. The shade of trees should also be avoided because trees may cause changes in the microclimate.
Page 27: Figure 3 Sensor Alignment
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 1004-085 Figure 3 Sensor Alignment VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 25...
Page 28 65). Power supply and communication lines must be available. - When siting the FS11P sensor, consideration must be given to the available power supply and communication lines, as this influences the amount of work and accessories needed, and hence the actual cost of the installation.
Page 29: Unloading And Unpacking
Place the packing materials and covers back in the cases and store them for possible reshipment. Storage Information Store FS11P in its packages in dry conditions, not in the open air. The storage conditions are the following: - Temperature -50 °C to 70 °C...
Page 30: Equipment Grounding And Lightning Protection
Equipment grounding protects the electrical modules of FS11P against, for example, lightning and prevents radio frequency interference. Equipment grounding for the FS11P sensor is done with a jacketed grounding cable and conductive grounding rod(s). The enclosure of the FSI102 interface unit should be grounded using the grounding clamp located under the cable flange (see Figure 4 on page 29).
Page 31: Figure 4 Fs11P Equipment Grounding
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0201-058 Figure 4 FS11P Equipment Grounding The following numbers refer to Figure 4 above: 1 = Grounding clamp 2 = Grounding cable 3 = Grounding rods WARNING A lightning strike can cause a dangerous voltage surge at remote sites through the communication wire if the remote units are not properly grounded.
Page 32: Cable Selection
Line Power Cable FS11P is supplied with a 3-m power cable with free wire ends. If a local terminal with the power supply of 115/230 VAC is not available, an extended AC (mains) cable from FS11P to the nearest power source is needed.
Page 33: Figure 5 Junction Box
AC (mains) voltage 230 VAC are shown in Table 6 on page 32. It applies to copper cable and a 5% voltage drop. For the voltage 115 VAC the maximum distances should be divided by four. The maximum power consumption of FS11P is 400 W. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 31...
Page 34: Communication Cable
3 × 4.0 mm NOTE Cables with diameters more than 15 mm require a separate junction box, such as Termbox1200, available from Vaisala. Communication Cable The customer must provide cables and conduits. The cables used for the transmission of digital and low-level analogue signals should be of the following kind: All field cables should be armored, suitable for underground use, and led to the equipment through conduits.
Page 35: Installation Procedures
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Installation Procedures The installation of the FS11P system contains several separate procedures, which are described in the following sections. Foundation Construction Casting a concrete foundation is recommended. An existing level and a rigid construction can also be used. The recommended minimum dimensions for the foundation are illustrated in Figure 6 below.
Page 36: Mounting When Casting Pad
Mounting when Casting Pad To mount the FS11P system while casting the pad, proceed as follows: Screw on the three reinforcing plates to the lower end of the foundation screws as shown in Figure 7 on page 35.
Page 37: Figure 7 Fs11P Foundation Construction
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation 0201-059 Figure 7 FS11P Foundation Construction The following numbers and letter refer to Figure 7 above: 1 = Drilling template 2 = Foundation screw 3 = Reinforcing plate 4 = Background luminance sensor viewing direction (normally North...
Page 38: Mounting To Existing Surface
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Mounting to Existing Surface To mount the FS11P system to an existing surface, proceed as follows: If Background Luminance Sensor LM21 is installed, align any of the three sides so that the LM21 bracket allows the desired viewing direction for LM21, and place the template on top of the existing foundation.
Page 39: Assembling Fs11P
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Assembling FS11P To assemble the FS11P system, proceed as follows: Mount the base plate and level it with six M16 nuts (see Figure 9 below). If Background Luminance Sensor LM21 is installed, align the base plate with the desired background luminance viewing direction as shown in Figure 9 below and Figure 11 on page 39.
Page 40: Figure 10 Mounting Fs11P Frangible Mast Grounding
Tilt the frangible mast and attach the grounding cable into the grounding support (see Figure 10 below). Raise the mast. 0201-061 Figure 10 Mounting FS11P Frangible Mast Grounding Cable The following numbers refer to Figure 10 above: 1 = Grounding cable...
Page 41: Figure 11 Mounting Fs11P Aluminum Mast Using Fs211296 Foundation Kit
Foundation Kit FS211296 to mount the pedestal. 0201-062 Figure 11 Mounting FS11P Aluminum Mast Using FS211296 Foundation Kit The following numbers and letter refer to Figure 11 above: 1 = M16 set screws 3 pcs...
Page 42: Figure 12 Fixing Sensor Arm With Allen Screws
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Mount the sensor arm by aligning the holes at the end of the sensor arm's forks with the threads on the back of the rear panel. Fix it in place with four Allen screws. See Figure 12 below. 1002-037 Figure 12 Fixing Sensor Arm with Allen Screws...
Page 43: Figure 14 Mounting Rear Panel Of Radiation Shield
The lower end is mounted with two screws. NOTE If the tilting support has been removed due to the length of the mast, a temporary tilting support is needed. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 41...
Page 44: Figure 15 Tilting Aluminum And Frangible Pole Masts
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0201-067 Figure 15 Tilting Aluminum and Frangible Pole Masts NOTE The measurement unit cable has to be fed into the mast before the signal and power cables, or the cable connector does not fit through the hole in the mast.
Page 45: Figure 16 Connecting Measurement Unit
Location and Orientation on page 24 with two 8-mm bolts (see Figure 16 above). The transmitter and receiver heads can be identified by first locating the surface temperature probe, which is closer to the transmitter. Erect the mast. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 43...
Page 46: Figure 17 Suspending Enclosure From Rear Panel
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Lift the enclosure of the FSI102 interface unit away from its place and suspend it from the right-side hole in the rear panel by the hook on the backside of the unit. See Figure 17 below. CAUTION Be careful when lifting and suspending the FSI102 interface unit.
Page 47: Figure 18 Cable Tie Attached To Cable Connector
See Figure 18 below and Figure 19 below. 1002-040 Figure 18 Cable Tie Attached to Cable Connector 1002-041 Figure 19 Threading Cable Connector with Cable Tie VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 45...
Page 48: Figure 20 Attaching Cable To Pwd32
LM21 cable connector to make threading easier). Attach the cable to LM21 and mount the LM21 and bracket to the sensor arm. See the correct location for the cable in Figure 21 on page 47. NOTE When connecting LM21, FS11P must be powered off. 46 ___________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 49: Figure 21 Threading Lm21 Cable
If the desired LM21 orientation is not possible to obtain by turning the mounting racket, the FS11P rear panel can be adjusted by loosening the screws holding the clamps and rotating the rear panel of the radiation shield.
Page 50: Figure 23 Assembly Of Sensor Arm
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ If the Obstruction Light option is mounted, lift the enclosure and suspend it from the left-side hole in the rear panel. Install and make the cabling as shown in Figure 23 below. Refer to Figure 25 on page 50 for the wiring inside enclosure.
Page 51: Figure 24 Mounting Radiation Shield
Attach the interface unit back in its original place in the rear panel. NOTE Make sure that the cables are not pressed between the interface unit and the rear panel. Attach and close the radiation shield as shown in Figure 24 below. 1001-129 Figure 24 Mounting Radiation Shield VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 49...
Page 52: Inserting Battery For Optional Fsb101
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 1303-061 Figure 25 Obstruction Light Wiring Inserting Battery for Optional FSB101 In case an optional battery backup FSB101 is used, a battery charger module QBR101 is located inside the interface unit. A 2 Ah battery is packed separately and should be inserted into the interface unit as follows: Remove the upper interface unit enclosure and open the interface unit with the provided key.
Page 53: Figure 26 Backup Battery Without Cover Plate
Attach the cover plate by tightening the four screws holding it. Turn on the AC power switch and the battery backup switch. Close the interface unit and mount the upper interface unit cover after the installation work is finalized. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 51...
Page 54: Connecting Cables
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ After approximately 5 years of operation, the battery should be replaced to ensure a safe backup operation in case of an AC power outage. NOTE A valve-regulated battery is used for the battery backup. According to the ISO 14001 standard, the battery must be recycled.
Page 55: Power Cable
(usually yellow/green). See Figure 28 on page 54. Connect the power cord to the screw terminals of the AC (mains) power switch and the protective ground screw terminal. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 53...
Page 56: Figure 28 Cabling Principle
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 1303-064 Figure 28 Cabling Principle 54 ___________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 57: Communication Cable
Detailed instructions for a proper RF grounding of any jacketed cables are given in the following: Lead the signal cable through the cable inlet. See Figure 29 on page Strip 50 cm of the cable sheath leaving approximately 2 cm of shield. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 55...
Page 58: Communication Options
Consider your communication needs before the installation. The method of communication depends on the distance between the computer or the display and the FS11P sensor, and on the number of FS11P sensors. The possibilities are described in Table 7 below.
Page 59: Serial Communications Settings
CPU board FSC202. See Figure 30 on page 58. The flow control lines RTS and CTS are not required but they can be used. The hardware flow control can be enabled in FS11P with the command SET DATA_PORT RS-232 HW_FLOW_CNTR. During hardware flow control, the control line RTS indicates 'Ready for Receiving'.
Page 60: Serial Multipoint Transmission With
Figure 30 RS-232 Communication Option Serial Multipoint Transmission with RS-485 The RS-485 transmission standard allows several FS11P sensors to communicate (half-duplex) with the host computer using a single twisted pair. The RS-485 interface is opto-isolated. For the RS-485 communication method, connect the signal wires to the screw terminal at the CPU board.
Page 61: Figure 31 Rs-485 Communication Option
Terminate the RS-485 chain with a 120 Ω resistor. This is especially important with long cables. If the FS11P sensor is at the end of the RS- 485 chain, the 120 Ω resistor can be connected across the screw terminal pins.
Page 62: Modem Dxl421 (Optional)
However, most of the commercial modems that comply with the CCITT standards, as well as the DMX50 and DMX55 modems for the Vaisala MILOS 500, can be used with the DXL421 modem. If the modem is installed (the unit was ordered with the modem option), connect the incoming signal wires to the DLX421 modem line screw terminals 3 and 4.
Page 63 - 1200 baud or 300 baud - Speed buffer for 9600 baud On/Off - 2-wire or 4-wire The default settings for FS11 are: - Answer - 300 baud - Speed buffer for 9600 baud Off - 2-wire VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 61...
Page 64: Figure 34 Installing Dxl421
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 1303-066 Figure 34 Installing DXL421 The following number refers to Figure 34 above: 1 = DXL421 Modem module 2 = Wire set for DXL421 3 = Screw terminals 1 and 2 for DXL421 supply voltage 4 = FSC serial data line 62 ___________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 65: Multipoint Modem Connection
300 bps V.21. In this configuration the data collection computer or the weather station acts a master that polls all the FS11P sensors and the other possible sensors. The master modem must be in the Originate mode. All other modems on the line must be in the Answer mode and the Carrier signal must be disconnected by default.
Page 66: Maintenance Terminal Connection
FS11P sensor are located on the right side of the interface unit when looking at the unit from the door side. The upper connector is for PWD32 unit and lower for FS11P (see Figure 35 below). The connector is protected with a cap. Replace the protective cap after disconnecting the maintenance cable.
Page 67: Background Luminance Options
Chapter 3 ________________________________________________________________ Installation Background Luminance Options FS11P can be fitted with one of two Background Luminance Sensor options: LM21 Background Luminance Sensor, for use in Runway Visual Range (RVR) systems Day/Night Photo Switch, for general nighttime meteorological visibility LM21 Background Luminance Sensor The optional LM21 sensor offers the means for measuring ambient light level or background luminance in RVR applications.
Page 68: Day/Night Photo Switch
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Day/Night Photo Switch In certain applications it is necessary to calculate a special night visibility value from the measured MOR. In these cases a simple day/night photo switch is sufficient for discerning between day and night ambient light conditions.
Page 69: Startup
1Hz. If this does not happen, continue with troubleshooting; see Chapter 7, Troubleshooting, on page 211). After the startup FS11P outputs the following: where n.nn.n.nn is the software version, FS11P n.nn.n.nn revision, and build number.
Page 70: Initial Settings
Initial Settings FS11P Present Weather Sensor is typically interfaced to a host computer or a data logger in an automatic weather observation system. After the physical connection has been made, the details of the communication can be configured into the FS11P software.
Page 71: Chapter 4 Operation
Entering and Exiting Command Mode Before any commands can be given to the FS11P sensor, the maintenance or data line of FS11P has to be assigned to the operator. Otherwise it is assigned to automatic messages or polled communication. The user enters the command mode with the command OPEN.
Page 72 If there are other sensors on the line with the same ID, the command mode of the FS11P sensor can be opened by including the device type FS with the ID. This command is similar to the OPEN ID command with the exception that it only opens the FS11P command mode and not the other sensors on the line with the same ID.
Page 73: Close Command
If no ID is defined the FS11P sensor answers: FS11P LINE CLOSED For example, if an ID is defined as A, the FS11P sensor answers: FS11P-A LINE CLOSED Available Commands With the HELP command the operator can get information about the available commands.
Page 74 Command Description message, message frames, and polling format are the same as they are in Vaisala FD12 Visibility Meter. SET MESSAGE TYPE FD12MSG7 Selects the FD12 message 7 emulation mode. The data message, message frames, and polling format are the same as they are in Vaisala FD12P Weather Sensor.
Page 75: Table 10 Advanced Level Commands
Advanced Level Commands Command Description CALIBRATE WINDOW_CLEAN Sets the clean references for contamination control (and VISIBILITY_SENSOR backscatter control) in FS11P. CALIBRATE WINDOW_CLEAN Sets the clean references for contamination control (and BL_SENSOR backscatter control) in Background Luminance Sensor. CALIBRATE VISIBILITY calibration_value Sets the visibility calibration value, which should be between 0 and 10.
Page 76 Selects the FD12 message 2 emulation mode for the FD12MSG2 Second Message. The data message, message frames, and polling format are the same as they are in Vaisala FD12 Visibility Meter. SET MESSAGE SECOND TYPE Selects the FD12 message 7 emulation mode for the FD12MSG7 Second Message.
Page 77 SET BL_SENSOR PHOTO_SWITCH Enables Day/Night photo switch reading. SET BL_SENSOR OFF Disables Background Luminance Sensor data polling and photo switch reading the in FS11P system (default). SET VIS_SENSOR ON Enables Visibility Sensor data polling in the FS11P system (default). SET VIS_SENSOR OFF Disables Visibility Sensor data polling in the FS11P system.
Page 78: Command Completion
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Command Description SET DEW_HEATER VISIBILITY_SENSOR Disables dew heaters operation and monitoring. Set OFF when operated in environments where dew heaters are not needed (ambient temperature does not drop below 12 °C). SET DEW _HEATER BL_ SENSOR ON Enables the monitoring and automatic operation of the dew heaters (default).
Page 79: Terminal Line Number Adjustment
The general command polling format (with A as the unit ID) is !FSA∀&DO COMMAND−#CSUM∃−∗ Where Start of the heading (ASCII 1) FS11P sensor identifier First character of the unit identifier, if the ID is not defined it is replaced by a space character Start of the text (ASCII 2) ∀...
Page 80 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Checksum CSUM has to be calculated using CRC16 method (see section CRC16 Checksum on page 222). For example, command !FSA∀&DO STATUS−#036B∃−∗ prints the status messages in frames (equal to message 3), whereas command !FSA∀&DO MEAS_SYNC−#44DA∃−∗ resets the measurement sequence. Command !FSA∀&DO NAME−#28D4∃−∗...
Page 81: Message Formats
The polling request can ask for the automatic (default) or some other message (with a message number). When used as a part of an RVR system, the FS11P sensor can emulate the messages of Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer (Single or Double Baseline), FD12 Visibility Meter and FD12P Weather Detector.
Page 82: Message 1, Fs11P
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ MESSAGE 1, FS11P Message 1 is a message of fixed length where both extinction coefficient and background luminance values are shown. The message format is as follows: !FSA∀EXT 0.85 AL 0 ALS 8746 AL 0#CSUM∃−∗ where Start of the heading (ASCII 1)
Page 83: Alarm Status Codes
Indication of some abnormal - AC (mains) off, operating on situation (measurement value battery power valid and shown) - 12 VDC output in short-circuit - Hood or dew heater problem 0 (zero) NO alarm or warning (alarm is OFF) VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 81...
Page 84: Message 2, Fs11P With Lm21
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ MESSAGE 2, FS11P with LM21 Message 2 is a message of fixed length where both visibility and background luminance values are shown. The message 2 format is as follows: !FSA∀VIS 02000 AL 0 BL 01000 AL 0#CSUM∃−∗...
Page 85: Message 3, Status Message
STATUS command. The short status check message, which contains a short, clear language report of the system status, can be requested with the command STATUS CHECK. Refer to section FS11P Status Messages on page 154. VAISALA ________________________________________________________________________ 83...
Page 86 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Example of status message: !FSA∀FS11P SYSTEM STATUS: OK Measurement unit: OK Receiver: Window cont: 0 backscatter: DC saturation: 0 offset: -0.09 Transmitter: Window cont: 0 backscatter: Intensity: Contamination compensation: Temperatures (unit C): surface: 22.8 CPU: 27.8 RX: 27.3 TX: 29.3 hood RX: 20.3 Hood TX: 21.0...
Page 87 For a list of alarm status code explanations, see Table 11 on page 81. The count of characters in the message is variable and depends on the configuration and status of the FS11P system. The total amount can be up to 1400 characters. The transmission of 1400 characters needs 47 s at 300 bps (10-bit char), 5.8 s at 2400 bps or 1.5 s at 9600 bps.
Page 88: Message 4, Uncompensated Values
!FSA∀VIS 02100 VUC 02100 VIS3M 02000 VIS10M 01900 AL 0 BL 01050 BUC 01050 AL 0#CSUM∃−∗ where Start of the heading FS11P sensor identifier First character of the unit identifier, if the ID is not defined it is replaced by a space character Start of the text ∀...
Page 89: Message 5, Vaisala System Standard
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation MESSAGE 5, Vaisala System Standard Message 5 is defined according to Vaisala system standard format. All units in the message are SI-units. The message format is as follows: !FSA∀VIS(02000(AL(0)))BL(00100(AL(0)))#CSUM∃−∗ where Start of the heading FS11P sensor identifier...
Page 90: Message 12, Optional Message
VCF 1.00 BL1 01000 BL10 01000 BAL 000000000 BCF 1.00#*CSUM ∃−∗ where Start of the heading FS11P sensor identifier First character of the unit identifier, if the ID is not defined, it is replaced by a space character Start of the text ∀...
Page 91: Fd12 Emulation
CR + LF −∗ FD12 Emulation For compatibility in the system level, the FS11P sensor also supports the message format, frames, and polling format of Vaisala FD12 Visibility meter and Vaisala FD12P Weather Sensor. The FD12/FD12P polling format is accepted only when the FD12/FD12P message emulation is selected.
Page 92: Fd12P Message 7
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ FD12P Message 7 The FD12P message 7 emulation mode is selected with the command SET MESSAGE TYPE FD12MSG7. The message format of the emulated Vaisala FD12P message number 7 is presented below: A∀00 22848 24807 52 61 61 0.33...
Page 93: Mitras Emulation
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation MITRAS Emulation For compatibility in the system level, the FS11P sensor also supports the message format, frames, and polling format of Vaisala MITRAS Transmissometer. The MITRAS polling format is accepted only when the MITRAS message emulation is selected.
Page 94: Mitras Double Baseline
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Receiver status correspondence between MITRAS and FS11P: MITRAS FS11P BIT.0=1 MEAS MODE BIT.1=2 CONT/OTHER Any other FS11P alarm BIT.2=4 OPTICAL SURFACE BIT.3=8 POWER SUPPLY BIT.4=1 HEATING BIT.5=2 CALIBRATION Receiver saturated BIT.6=4 TEST BIT.7=8 CONSISTENCY For example, the status 4101 means that...
Page 95 HEATING BIT.5=2 FLASH LAMP LED failure BIT.6=4 BL METER BL sensor status (ON/OFF) BIT.7=8 MEASUREM. LOOP SIGNAL Receiver 1 status correspondence between MITRAS and FS11P: MITRAS FS11P BIT.0=1 MEAS MODE BIT.1=2 CONT/OTHER Any other FS11P alarm BIT.2=4 OPTICAL SURFACE BIT.3=8 POWER SUPPLY BIT.4=1...
Page 96: Message Sending Modes
Automatic Mode In the automatic mode the FS11P sensor sends a predefined message at selected intervals. The automatic and default polled message can be defined with the SET MESSAGE TYPE command. For available messages, refer to section Message Formats on page 79.
Page 97: Ack/Nak Confirmation
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation ACK/NAK Confirmation In the automatic mode, the FS11P system can be configured to require an acknowledgement for the message reception from the receiver of the message. By default the ACK/NAK confirmation is disabled. The format of the SET MESSAGE ACKNAK is the following:...
Page 98: Polled Mode
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Polled Mode In the polled mode the FS11P sensor sends a data message when the host computer transmits a polling command. The automatic message sending mode is disabled by setting the message interval to zero with the...
Page 99: Second Message
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation When FS11P has sent the message, it turns the carrier off causing another set of extra characters that will also have to be ignored by the host. When the FD12, FD12P or MITRAS emulation is on (message types...
Page 100: System Configuration
CALIBRATE command is available only at the advanced level. For calibration instructions, refer to section Cleaning PWD32 on page 171. The current system parameters can be displayed by using the PARAMETERS command. The output is as follows: > PARAMETERS FS11P parameter values: identifier: - name: command terminal: lines:...
Page 101: Optional External Sensors
BL_SENSOR PHOTO_SWITCH. A positive voltage is interpreted as a night condition and the background luminance value in the FS11P output message is set to 0. Zero voltage or an open circuit is interpreted as a day condition and the luminance value is set to 1.
Page 102: Simulated Test Messages
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Simulated Test Messages Present Weather Sensor FS11P can be set to a simulation mode, which includes transmitting fixed or user defined visibility and status information. This function is intended for system testing purposes. The normal visibility detection mode takes effect after a reset. The simulation mode can also be stopped with the advanced level command SIMULATE OFF.
Page 103: Manual Simulation Message
MANUAL_MESSAGE command in the following way: SIMULATE MANUAL_MESSAGE string The FS11P sensor does not make any validity checks to the message body content which means that the message is transmitted as it is written. Special characters can be added to the message by using the following...
Page 104: Operating Pwd32 Through Maintenance Port
PWD32 as part of an FS11P. CAUTION Table 13 below lists the default settings given to PWD32. Default settings must be preserved to enable using PWD32 as part of FS11P. Do not change these settings. Table 13 Default Settings for PWD32 in FS11P Use...
Page 105: Serial Communication Settings
This allows PWD32 control to be transferred from the host computer (FSC202) to the maintenance terminal. Transmitted data appears on both interfaces. Serial Communication Settings In this FS11P application the default settings of the serial communications port are as follows: - 9600 baud - No parity...
Page 106: Initial Settings
7 data bits, even parity, one stop bit, and 8 data bits, no parity, one stop bit. For use as an FS11P component after eventual troubleshooting the default settings have to be restored.
Page 107: Verification
VAISALA PWD32 V x.xx YYYY-MM-DD SN:XXXXXX ID is also included, if configured, for example, in the following way: VAISALA PWD32 V x.xx YYYY-MM-DD SN:XXXXXX ID STRING: 0 If not, check the cabling and baud rate of the service terminal (program). If wrong characters are shown, try other baud rates, such as, 300, 1200, 2400, and 4800.
Page 108: Entering And Exiting Command Mode
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Entering and Exiting Command Mode Before any commands can be given to PWD32, the communication line in PWD32 has to be assigned to the operator. Otherwise, it is assigned to automatic messages or polled communication. The user assigns the command mode with the OPEN command.
Page 109: Message Types
--- 1 hour pw code, 0... 99 --- 15 minute pw code, 0 ... 99 --- instant present weather code, 0 ... 99 ---- instant present weather, NWS codes ------ visibility ten minute average, max 20000m ------ visibility one minute average, max 20000m VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 107...
Page 110: Message Polling
AMES Message_number 0 where Message_number = Valid range 0 ... 7, whereof 7 is used for FS11P. Message_interval = Negative or zero intervals is used to disable the automatic sending. This is used when messages are polled.
Page 111 For compatibility in the system level, PWD32 also accepts FD instead of PW in the polling commands because the data message formats and framing are the same as in the VAISALA FD12 and FD12P sensors. If PWD32 is polled by −%FD 1 2−, the answer will start with !FD 1∀..
Page 112: Precipitation Sums
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Precipitation Sums PWD32 has no internal clock for automatic resetting of the sum data at certain times. This can be done by the host with the following command: ;PW id C where ESC (ASCII character 1B hex). Carriage Return (13 hex.) PWD32 then responds to the accepted command with the ASCII character ^F (ACK;...
Page 113: List Of Commands
AMES Number Interval Automatic message (with parameters Number and Interval). CLRS Clears precipitation sums. Displays status. Parameter message. HIST Parameter For Vaisala systems use. INTV Time For Vaisala systems use. TIME hh:mm:ss Set/Display system time. DATE yyyy:mm:dd Set/Display system date. WPAR Weather parameter message.
Page 114: Mes
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ After opening the line for operator commands (see section Entering and Exiting Command Mode on page 106), a data message can be displayed using the MES command. Refer to section Message Types on page 107 for message type descriptions. The command format is the following: MES Message_number The valid range is 0 ...
Page 115: Wpar
PRECIPITATION LIMIT ( WEATHER UPDATE DELAY ( RAIN INTENSITY SCALE ( 1.00) HEAVY RAIN LIMIT ( LIGHT RAIN LIMIT ( SNOW LIMIT ( 5.0) HEAVY SNOW LIMIT ( 600) LIGHT SNOW LIMIT ( 1200) DRD SCALE ( 1.0) VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 113...
Page 116 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ where Precipitation limit The threshold of accumulated particle magnitudes (in PWD32 internal units) to report the precipitation state 'on'. A typical parameter value is 20 to 60 (max. 255). A smaller value is more sensitive operation and faster response at the beginning of an event and it is also more sensitive to false rain and snow reports.
Page 117: Clrs
- PAR, Parameter message - CONF password, Updates configuration - BAUD rate comm. type, Sets baud rate and type (Rate 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600), (Communication type E (7E1) or N (8N1) VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 115...
Page 118: Par
- References and limits for contamination monitoring - Baud rate - Serial number - EEPROM checksum - Relay control mode and Relay delays (not in FS11P use) - Analog output mode and range (not in FS11P use) - Hood heater usage 116 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 119 This question is asked, when there is no valid password. If updating is requested by the N parameter and an empty line is given as an answer, the password is removed. Otherwise, the user gives a new password to the system. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 117...
Page 120 The Alarm limits function of PWD32 is not used in the FS11P configuration. Backscatter/contamination control is done by comparing the current values of backscatter signal with the reference values given with the CLEAN command.
Page 121: Hood Heaters
The new value is saved in EEPROM and it is used also after reset or power up. The default baud rate set at the factory is 9600 bps (8N1) in FS11P use. The communication type definition is optional. It does not change if the baud rate is changed.
Page 122: Maintenance Commands
The STA command (or MES 3 command) displays the results from the built-in test system as a status message. The system output is the following: PWD STATUS VAISALA PWD32 V 1.08 2010-04-26 SN:F1630103 ID STRING: SIGNAL 0.49 OFFSET 147.46 DRIFT -0.55...
Page 123: Cal
10 minute average information is availabe from FS11. The CAL command is used to calibrate the optical (forward scatter) measurement. The calibration is done by using opaque glass plates with known scatter properties. The plates belong to the PWA11 calibrator kit. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 121...
Page 124: Clean
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ The command is the following: CAL Calibrator_signal_value For example: >CAL 485 The calibrator signal value is printed on the labels of the glass plates. Typically the signal is close to 500. PWD32 calculates a new scaling factor and stores it in the non-volatile memory (EEPROM). NOTE If the PWC12 board has been changed and the status message shows the VISIBILITY NOT CALIBRATED error, use FCAL instead of CAL to...
Page 125: Chec
DRY ON and WET The DRY ON and WET commands are used to check and adjust the ® operation of the Vaisala RAINCAP Rain Sensor measurement. DRY ON The DRY ON command is used to set the reference level of the dry ®...
Page 126: Wet
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ The DRY OFFSET value must be between 700 and 900, when the ® hardware operates normally. The DRY command without a RAINCAP parameter just shows this parameter. The WET command without a parameter shows the scaling factor that ®...
Page 127: Date
The time and date are only valid if restored manually after the power has been off. RESET The RESET command makes a hardware reset by the watchdog circuitry. The VER command shows the version of the software. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 125...
Page 128: Operating Lm21 Through Maintenance Port
FSC202. This enables the operation of the LM21 as part of an FS11P. Serial Communication Settings In this FS11P application, the default settings of the serial communications port are as follows: - 9600 baud...
Page 129: Entering And Exiting Command Mode
If LM21 receives an OPEN command targeted to another device while in command mode, it executes a CLOSE command. CLOSE Command The line can be released to automatic data messages with the CLOSE command. The LM21 answers LM21 line closed VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 127...
Page 130: Available Commands
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Available Commands With the HELP command the operator can get information about the available commands. By typing HELP command the operator can get information about a specific command. The hierarchy and description of the commands are described in Table 19 below and Table 20 on page 129.
Page 131: Table 20 Lm21 Advanced Level Commands
Disables dew heaters operation and monitoring. Set OFF when operated in environments where dew heaters are not needed (ambient temperature does not drop below 12 °C). SET DEFAULTS yes/no Restores the default factory settings, verification yes/no asked. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 129...
Page 132: Parameter Configuration
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Parameter Configuration The SET command is used to set or update system communication and user interface related parameters. The CALIBRATE command is used to set or update background luminance and window contamination calibrations. The CALIBRATE command is available only at the advanced level. For calibration instructions, refer to the LM21 User's Guide.
Page 133: Default Settings For Fs11P Use
Chapter 4 _________________________________________________________________ Operation Default Settings for FS11P Use Table 21 below lists the default settings for LM21 in FS11P use. Table 21 Default Settings for LM21 in FS11P use Parameter Default Setting Message type Message interval 0 (Off) Message port...
Page 134 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ This page intentionally left blank. 132 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 135: Theory Of Operation
Chapter 5 _________________________________________________________ Theory of Operation CHAPTER 5 THEORY OF OPERATION Present Weather Sensor FS11P is a forward scatter measuring instrument. It consists of Measurement Unit (FSM102), Interface Unit (FSI102), one of several optional masts, Precipitation Identifier (PWD32) and interconnecting cables.
Page 136: Figure 38 Fs11P Block Diagram
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 1001-137 Figure 38 FS11P Block Diagram 134 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 137: Hardware Description
2.2 kHz. A PIN photodiode monitors the transmitted light intensity and automatically adjusts the light level of the LED to the preset value. This compensates for the temperature and aging effects of the light emitting diode. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 135...
Page 138: Figure 39 Fst102 Transmitter Block Diagram
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0009-005 Figure 39 FST102 Transmitter Block Diagram A pulse signal from the FSR102 Receiver synchronizes the infrared LED timing with the lock-in amplifier of the receiver. An additional photodiode measures the light scattered back from the lens, other objects, or contaminants.
Page 139: Receiver Unit Fsr102
The receiving PIN photodiode senses the transmitted light pulses scattered from the aerosol particles. The signal voltage is filtered and detected by the phase sensitive lock-in amplifier that is synchronized with the transmitter. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 137...
Page 140: Figure 41 Receiver Fsr102 Block Diagram
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 0009-006 Figure 41 Receiver FSR102 Block Diagram An ambient light level as high as 30 kcd/m neither influences the detection of the photodiode, nor saturates the preamplifier. The DC level is monitored for detecting eventual saturation caused by the ambient light.
Page 141: Controller Board Fsc102
The hood heater voltage level is 28 VAC. The dew heaters are controlled to prevent the formation of condensation on the sensor windows. The dew heater voltage level is 13 VDC. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 139...
Page 142: Precipitation Identifier Pwd32
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Precipitation Identifier PWD32 Operating principles of PWD32 are shown in Figure 42 below. 1002-064 Figure 42 PWD32 Block Diagram 140 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 143: Optical Arrangement
LED aging. Thus, the initial LED current is set to a value which ensures several years of operation without maintenance. An extra photodiode measures the light scattered backwards from the lens, other objects or contaminants. This signal is also monitored by the CPU. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 141...
Page 144: Light Receiver
TDRD is ® measured for the RAINCAP heating (drying) control, and the box (PWC12) temperature TB is measured for the box heating monitoring. ® Vaisala RAINCAP Rain Sensor ® The RAINCAP signal is proportional to the water amount on the ®...
Page 145: Interface Unit Fsi102
Background Luminance Sensor LM21 and optional Obstruction Light Sensor FS11OBS. The external power input and the communication interfaces of the FS11P sensor are located in the interface unit. All external interfaces are equipped with surge protection circuitry.
Page 146: Ac (Mains) Power Supply
30 minutes (at 25 °C) in case of a power failure. If the unit is operating in a non-freezing environment and the high power hood heaters are not required, the FS11P sensor can also be operated with DC power. The battery charger QBR101 also provides interfaces for solar panels and larger external batteries.
Page 147: Frangible Mast
The connector will slide from its attachment screw in case of an impact to the mast. The measurement unit cable will also slide through its cable gland in FSI102 and disconnect from the FSC202 in case of an impact to the mast. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 145...
Page 148: Software Description
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Software Description The FS11P sensor has a fixed program tuned by the system parameters. The program code includes the signal processing algorithms and the system timing. After a hardware reset or a power-up, the program initializes its working data structures and reads the system parameters from the non-volatile FLASH memory into the data memory.
Page 149: Calculations
Chapter 5 _________________________________________________________ Theory of Operation Calculations The FS11P software calculates the extinction coefficient separately for droplets and other scattering media, and these are summed using weights. MOR is calculated from the summed extinction coefficient with the following known formula of the 5% contrast ratio: MOR = - ln 0.05 / σ...
Page 150: Precipitation Intensity
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Precipitation Intensity The light scattering from a precipitation particle is proportional to the volume of the particle. For rain this proportionality is quite stable because the droplets are all quite spherical. In solid precipitation the shape of particles varies but they are proportional to the average volume of the particles.
Page 151: Present Weather
If the maximum droplet size is bigger than the Drizzle limit, the precipitation type is rain. Light rain limit and Heavy rain limit are the (approx.) two-minute average intensity limits in mm/h, which are used in setting the rain intensity type. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 149...
Page 152: Frozen Precipitation
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Drizzle Drizzle consists only of small droplets. The intensity ratio ® (optical/RAINCAP ) must be similar to that of rain. NOTE By definition, drizzle cannot be identified only by its size, but also by its origin (stratus cloud). PWD32 reports the instant weather code by the size information only.
Page 153: Visibility Types
Fog patches (code 31) are detected from rapid changes in visibility across the one-kilometer fog limit. If visibility of the one-minute average is more than twice or less than half of the two-minute average, the internal patch indicator is set for about 30 minutes. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 151...
Page 154: Weather Classes
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Thinner Fog is reported to get thinner (32) if the last 20-minute visibility average minus the first 20-minute visibility average is more than zero (>0), and the difference must be greater than 30% of the first 20-minute visibility average. Stable Fog has been stable (33) if the last 20-minute visibility average minus the first 20-minute visibility average is less than 20% of the lower average...
Page 155: Weather Codes
PWD32 is presented in Appendix A, NWS and WMO Code Tables, on page 223. NOTE Algorithm parameters mentioned above in italics are factory preprogrammed for giving the optimum detection result. It is strongly advised that no adjustments to their values are carried out without close consultation with Vaisala. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 153...
Page 156: Internal Monitoring
The FS11P sensor generates a warning if some monitored value does not meet the criteria for optimal operation, but the measurement results are still reliable. For example, slightly contaminated windows or aging transmitter LEDs generate warnings.
Page 157: Event Messages
TwinCon1:backscatter high Backscatter signal level increased due to some disturbance in the light path (Measurement Unit transmitter) TwinCon2:backscatter Backscatter measurement failure measurement failure (Measurement Unit transmitter) TwinCon4:total reflection Total reflection measurement failure measurement failure (Measurement Unit transmitter) VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 155...
Page 158 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Event Message Reason Rperi1:dew heater failure Measurement Unit receiver temperature dew heater failure Rperi2:hood heater failure Measurement Unit receiver hood heater temperature failure Rperi4:main receiver saturated Measurement Unit receiver saturated due failure to reflections of an obstacle or wrong Measurement Unit orientation Rperi8:main receiver signal offset Measurement Unit: receiver, CPU or...
Page 159: Table 25 Interface Unit Event Messages
P4:PWD; hardware error command) and refer to PWD User's Guide. P5:PWD; MOR not valid P6:PWD; not responding The Present Weather Detector is not responding. P7:PWD; not installed The Present Weather Detector is not enabled. PW data is not available. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 157...
Page 160: Table 26 Background Luminance Detector Sensor Event Messages
Measurement Failure reflection measurement failure The long status message with numerical internal monitoring measurement values is requested with the command STATUS as follows: >STATUS FS11P SYSTEM STATUS: OK Measurement unit: OK Receiver: Window cont: 0 backscatter: DC saturation: 0 offset: -0.09...
Page 161 Background luminance sensor: OK Window cont: Contamination compensation: ON Backscatter: CPU: 26.2 hood: 24.6 Heater status: hood: OFF, dew: V5iso: PWD STATUS VAISALA PWD32 V 1.08 2009-10-30 SN:Z43107 ID STRING: 0 SIGNAL 165.51 OFFSET 153.90 DRIFT 8.10 REC. BACKSCATTER 1814 CHANGE TR.
Page 162 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Temperatures: Surface FSM102 external temperature FSC101 temperature FSR102 temperature FST102 temperature Hood RX Receiver hood temperature Hood TX Transmitter hood temperature Voltages: +12 V Regulated positive operating voltage for transmitter, receiver, and FSC101 -12 V Regulated negative operating voltage for transmitter and receiver Voltage which +12 V is regulated from Voltage which +5 V is regulated from...
Page 163: Alarm Messages
End of the text NOTE The FS11P unit shows an alarm about 10 minutes after booting. This is because until both 1 minute visibility and 10 minute visibility values are calculated, the unit gives an warning to indicate that no all visibility values are ready.
Page 164: Optical Contamination And Blocking Monitoring
Optical Contamination and Blocking Monitoring Optical contamination and blocking of both the transmitter and the receiver are continuously monitored. The FS11P sensor monitors contamination and blocking by measuring window contamination and backscattered signals. The CLEAN command is used to set clean...
Page 165: Contamination Compensation
If the contamination compensation is disabled with the command SET CONTAMINATION_COMPENSATION VISIBILITY_SENSOR OFF, no contamination compensation is made. However, in this case the window contamination warning is still generated if the total transmission of the windows has decreased. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 163...
Page 166: Signal Monitoring
The offset error of the receiver unit in FS11P is monitored regularly. The CPU disables the transmitter unit and performs the normal scatter measurement procedure without transmitting light pulses.
Page 167: Heaters Operation
FSC202. If the voltage input value (PVin) is above 15 V, the AC (mains) voltage is connected. If the input voltage is below 15 V, the FS11P sensor is working on the battery and a WORKING ON BATTERY indication is generated. If the voltage input value drops below 11 VDC, a BATTERY LOW warning is generated.
Page 168: Analog Interfaces
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ The +12 VOUT output voltage line is also monitored. The output is protected with a 0.9 A self-resettable fuse. If the fuse has disconnected a line due to, for example, a temporary short-circuit, the software disconnects the entire output and waits for approximately one minute for the fuse to cool and reset itself back to operation, and then connects the +12 VOUT voltage back on-line.
Page 169: Memory Tests And Program Operation
Memory Tests and Program Operation After a reset, the FS11P sensor clears and initializes its SRAM data memory. The checksum of the FLASH parameter memory is calculated and checked with a test after the reset.
Page 170: Background Luminance Sensor
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Background Luminance Sensor The hardware and measurement monitoring of LM21 Background Luminance Sensor is done by the sensor itself. Refer to the LM21 User's Guide (see section Related Manuals on page 11) for the monitored parameters. Present Weather Detector The hardware and measurement monitoring of PWD32 Precipitation Identifier is done by the sensor itself.
Page 171: Chapter 6 Maintenance
MAINTENANCE Cleaning FSM102 Windows The cleaning of windows and hoods is the only periodic maintenance task required. The FS11P sensor can compensate for a reasonable amount of window contamination, but when a certain limit is exceeded, cleaning is required. The windows and hoods must be cleaned at least every six months or more often, depending on the conditions (for example, if there are roads nearby).
Page 172 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ After the optical surfaces are properly cleaned, check that the WINDOW CONT values of both the receiver and transmitter in the status message are close to zero. This can also be checked afterwards through a remote (modem) line. NOTE The windows must be dry before checking the WINDOW CONT values.
Page 173: Cleaning Pwd32
It is not necessary to give the CLEAN command after every cleaning. NOTE Alternatively choose the STA command and check that the Backscatter CHANGE value of both the receiver and the transmitter is close to zero (set to zero by the previous CLEAN command). VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 171...
Page 174: Cleaning Raincap
- Check that the detector is free of ice and snow deposits. FS11P Calibration The FS11P sensor has been calibrated at the factory. Normally FS11P needs no recalibration as long as the circuit boards are not replaced or there are no warnings or alarms. The circuit boards need no hardware calibration.
Page 175: Fsm102 Calibration Check Procedure
Give the OPEN command and go to the advanced level by giving the command LEVEL 1. Give the CALIBRATE CHECK command. The value produced by the check command must be within the range of ±0.0001. If it is not, there may be a hardware error. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 173...
Page 176: Figure 48 Assembling And Attaching Calibrator
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Assemble the opaque glass plates as shown in Figure 48 below. Secure the glass plates in place by sliding them under the thumbscrews and tightening the screws. Note the signal value printed on the scattering plates because it is needed during the following steps.
Page 177: Fsm102 Calibration Procedure
Check the correct calibrator value from the opaque glass plates. The calibrator value is printed on the labels of the glass plates. When command execution has finished, FS11P responds DONE and calculates a new scaling factor and stores it in the non-volatile FLASH memory.
Page 178: Figure 49 Installing Mask Plates Onto Opaque Glass Plates
If the value produced by the check command is more than 85% of the value recorded without the mask plates, the mechanical alignment is correct. If this is not the case, check the FS11P sensor and the calibrator for electronic or mechanical faults. Also consult your local Vaisala representative.
Page 179: Fsm102 Guided Calibration Procedure
As an alternative to the calibration procedure described above, the calibration can be carried out interactively, guided by instructions by the FS11P software, as described below. The Guided Calibration Procedure is a combination of three individual steps, and requires the FSA11 Calibration Kit.
Page 180 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Install the zero plugs to the measurement unit transmitter and receiver. See Figure 47 on page 173. Type YES and press enter. - The Zero Signal Test starts and the progress is indicated on the screen. - When the Zero Signal Test is finalized a pass/fail indication is given and the resulting Zero Signal is given in brackets.
Page 181 Signal test: ok (0.1259, limits: recalibration +/- 0.0300 rejection +/-0.2000) Remove calibrator assembly and type YES: YES 1> Remove the calibrator assembly and the calibrator arm and store them in the case of the Calibrator Kit. Type YES and press enter. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 179...
Page 182: Evaluating Results Of Guided Calibration Procedure For Measurement Unit
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Evaluating Results of Guided Calibration Procedure for Measurement Unit Calibration Passed Table 31 shows an example of a successful Calibration Procedure without re-calibration of the visibility sensor. Table 31 Successful Guided Calibration Procedure 1> CALIBRATE FS11 Step 1/3 Clean Windows and type YES: YES Step 2/3 Zero Value Test and...
Page 183: Table 32 Guided Calibration Procedure, Calibration
Signal test: ok (0.0021, limits: Scatter Signal Test recalibration +/-0.0300 rejection +/- deviation after recalibration 0.2000) is 0.0021%. Limit for Remove calibrator assembly and type recalibration is ±0.03 (3%). YES: YES Limit for rejection is ±0.2 (±20%). 1> VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 181...
Page 184: Calibration Procedure Failed
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Calibration Procedure Failed Table 33 below shows an example of a Guided Calibration Procedure where the Scatter Signal Test (and therefore the Guided Calibration Procedure) fails due to a too large deviation between calibration values stored in the measurement unit and the result of the current Calibration Procedure.
Page 185: Table 34 Guided Calibration Procedure, Zero Test Failed
Repeat the test? Type YES: YES 3rd run ....| Calibration procedure finished. Guided Calibration Procedure failed due to Zero Calibration: FAILED. Signal Test failure. Zero Zero test: fail (3.7829, limit: Value is measured to 3.78. absolute +/-0.0001) VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 183...
Page 186: Pwd32 Forward Scatter Calibration
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Signal test: none Limit is ±0.0001. Remove calibrator assembly and type Scatter Signal Test was YES: YES skipped. 1> PWD32 Forward Scatter Calibration The optics calibration is checked and adjusted with the PWA11 calibration kit. The kit consists of a blocking plate and two opaque glass plates with known scatter properties.
Page 187: Figure 50 Assembling Opaque Glass Plates
The signal value must be close to the one printed on the plates. If the difference is less than 5%, calibration is correct. If not, continue with the calibration procedure. Terminate the CHEC command by pressing the ESC key. 0308-006 Figure 50 Assembling Opaque Glass Plates VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 185...
Page 188: Pwd32 Calibration Procedure
20%, the CAL command will be ignored. Check PWD32 and the calibrator for hardware or mechanical errors. Also consult Vaisala. If the optical units PWC12 or PWT11 have been replaced, the new scaling factor might change more than 20% from the original scaling factor, value and the CAL command is ignored.
Page 189: Replacing Fuses
Attach the plastic protector shield back to the FSP103 board. Turn the AC (mains) circuit breaker back on and verify that all four LEDs are lit on the FSP103 board to indicate that all heater supply lines as well as the DC power supply are OK. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 187...
Page 190: Figure 51 Location Of Fuses On Fsp103 Board
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 1207-025 Figure 51 Location of Fuses on FSP103 Board The following numbers refer to Figure 51 above: 1 = AC (mains) circuit breaker 2 = DC power supply fuse T5A 3 = PWD32 heater line fuse T5A 4 = LM21 heater line fuse T5A 5 = FSM102 heater line fuse M10A 188 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 191: Replacing Fs11P Modules
FSR102 as well as the optical units PWT11 Transmitter and PWC12 Controller/Receiver. Removing the units comes into question, when there is reason to suspect that malfunction of FS11P is caused by faults in the optical units or the rain detector.
Page 192: Replacing Fsc102
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Replacing FSC102 Open the central compartment cover of the visibility sensor, see Figure 53 on page 191. Make sure that the power is switched off, including battery power. Disconnect the (5 pcs.) terminal plugs. Disconnect the transmitter and receiver control cables. Use the special tool to unlock the connectors.
Page 193: Figure 53 Vs Bottom View, Central Compartment Cover
Close central compartment cover carefully after successful repair. - Pay attention to the placement of the compartment cover gasket ring. Fix the four cover screws firmly and hand tight. Central Compartment Cover Screws (4 pcs.) Figure 53 VS Bottom View, Central Compartment Cover Screws VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 191...
Page 194: Replacing Fsc202
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Replacing FSC202 Open the FSI102 interface unit shield (number 1 in Figure 54 below) and door (2). 1207-013 Figure 54 FSI102 Interface Unit Make sure that the power switch (number 1 in Figure 55 on page 193) and the battery switch (2) are turned off. 192 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 195: Figure 55 Power And Battery Switch Locations
The following numbers refer to Figure 55 above. 1 = Power switch 2 = Battery switch Disconnect all connectors (number 1 in Figure 56 below) from the top of the FSC202 board. 1303-070 Figure 56 FSC202 Connectors and Cover Plate Screws VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 193...
Page 196: Figure 57 Fsc202 Screws And Connectors
1207-016 Figure 57 FSC202 Screws and Connectors Assemble the new FSC202 board (spare part for FS11P) back in reverse order. Turn on the power and battery switches. Configure the unit with correct parameter settings using the commands described in section Entering and Exiting Command Mode on page 69.
Page 197: Replacing Fsp103
Make sure that the power and battery switches are turned off; see Figure 55 on page 193. Open the four screws (number 1 in Figure 58 on page 196) holding the transparent cover plate and remove it. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 195...
Page 198: Figure 58 Fsp103 Parts
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ 1305-056 Figure 58 FSP103 Parts The following numbers refer to Figure 58 above. 1 = Screws 2 = Connectors 3 = Wire set 4 = Battery switch 5 = Mains switch 6 = Input wire set 7 = Surge protector 196 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 199 Figure 58 on page 196). For more detailed installation instructions, see DOC227265 shipped with FSP103SP. Turn on the power and battery switches (numbers 4 and 5 in Figure 58 on page 196) and check that all indicator LEDs are lit. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 197...
Page 200: Replacing Transmitter Module Fst102 And Receiver Module Fsr102
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Replacing Transmitter Module FST102 and Receiver Module FSR102 Open central compartment cover of the visibility sensor; see Figure 53 on page 191. Make sure that the AC (mains) power switch and the optional battery backup switch are switched off. Disconnect the control cable.
Page 201: Figure 60 End Plug Removal (Shown For Transmitter)
Unlock transmitter/receiver module. - Remove corresponding module retainer. Figure 61 Module Retainer Removal (Shown for Transmitter) Screw the opening tool (Vaisala item DRW011133) into the rear plate of the transmitter/receiver module as shown in Figure 63 on page 200. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 199...
Page 202: Figure 62 Pushing Control Cable Into Optics Head
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Pull the receiver/transmitter module carefully out of the head. - Push the control cable from the center compartment side and pull the module further out until access to the control cable connector is possible. (Pull the receiver/transmitter module from the optics head while simultaneously feeding in the control cable).
Page 203: Figure 64 Pulling Control Cable Out Of Housing Tube
(FST102) module is firmly placed in its groove as shown in Figure 65 below. Figure 65 Transmitter/Receiver Module O-Ring Insert the spare receiver (FSR102)/transmitter (FST102) module and reconnect the hood thermistor connector. - Make sure that the connector locking mechanism has arrested. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 201...
Page 204: Figure 66 End Plug With O-Ring
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Push the receiver/transmitter module entirely into the housing head. Use the pulling wire to pull the control cable back until the connector reaches the receiver/transmitter head. - Assist by pushing the control cable from the center compartment side.
Page 205 Close central compartment cover carefully after a successful repair operation. - Pay attention to the placement of the compartment cover gasket ring - Fix the four cover screws firmly and hand-tight. See Figure 53 on page 191. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 203...
Page 206: Replacing/Installing Sensor Cables In Fs11P
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Replacing/Installing Sensor Cables in FS11P Detach the connector side of the cable being replaced. Unthread the cable free from the FS11P sensor arm. Loosen the cable gland. Detach the wiring from the connectors inside FSI102 and remove the cable.
Page 207: Table 35 Wiring For Lm21 Cable
White/Green FSP103 X4.1, pin 8 28VAC Fused 5A Brown/Green FSP103 X4.1, pin 8 28VAC Fused 5A White/Yellow FSP103 X4.6, pin 13 28VAC common Brown/Yellow FSP103 X4.6, pin 13 28VAC common * Already connected in the cable. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 205...
Page 208: Removing Pwt11
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Removing PWT11 To remove the PWT11 transmitter, do the following: NOTE Do not touch optics with bare hands. If needed, use gloves suitable for optics handling. Open the four countersunk screws to remove the transmitter cover and the gasket. Disconnect the control cable connector (2).
Page 209 Connect control cable (1) and make sure the cable gasket seats tight into its groove. Check that all the optical surfaces, LED and lens, are clean. Close the transmitter cover with the gasket by four counter sunk screws. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 207...
Page 210: Removing Pwc12
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Removing PWC12 Open the four box screws (number 1 in Figure 69 below) in the corners of the controller box. See. 0308-008 Figure 69 Opening Box Screws Remove the PWC12 board by opening the five screws to replace the board with a spare part.
Page 211: Replacing Raincap
Reassemble in the reverse order. Note that the flat cable marked with a stripe is connected to X6. ® by giving the DRY ON command Calibrate the new RAINCAP as described in section DRY ON and WET on page 123. 0312-112 Figure 71 Removing Rain Sensor VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 209...
Page 212 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ This page intentionally left blank. 210 __________________________________________________________________ M211107EN-C...
Page 213: Chapter 7 Troubleshooting
The servicing of the equipment must be performed by qualified personnel only. CAUTION The AC (mains) power switch and the optional battery backup switch must always be turned off before attempting any service actions described in this chapter. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 211...
Page 214: Error Messages
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Error Messages Errors Table 38 Error Messages Error Message Probable Cause Remedy SENSOR NOT Measurement unit FSM102 or Check the wire connections. RESPONDING Background Luminance Sensor Open the sensor cover and verify that the LM21 not responding to data green status LED is blinking and the red poll from FSC202.
Page 215: Alarms
Cleaning FSM102 Windows instrument is in an on page 169. unoperational condition. The data is invalidated. TRANSMITTER Either of the transmitter Control cable between the transmitter and TOTAL monitoring subsystems does FSC102 is broken or loose, check the cable VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 213...
Page 216: Warnings
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Alarm Message Probable Cause Remedy REFLECTION not provide operational data. MEASUREMENT FAILURE TRANSMITTER BACKSCATTER MEASUREMENT FAILURE CLOGGING ALARM A very high backscatter signal Check the windows and the hoods of the has been detected. The optical optics heads for obstacles such as snow. path is nearly blocked.
Page 217: Indications
Check the heating foils visually. If there is a black burned area on the surface, the foil must be replaced. Contact Vaisala. Check the wire connections on the interface unit and the measurement unit. Check the hood temperatures from the status message to see if there is a hood heater temperature sensor failure.
Page 218: Miscellaneous Problems
Wrong polling command used. In the FD12 and MITRAS emulation modes, FS11P answers only to FD12 or MITRAS polls, respectively. Wrong data port. Open the terminal program and the...
Page 219 There is an error on the Check the content of the error from the FSI102 is giving four FSC202 board. status message and follow the instructions fast flashes instead above. of blinking at a constant rate of 1 Hz. VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 217...
Page 220: Technical Support
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Technical Support For technical questions, contact the Vaisala technical support by e-mail at helpdesk@vaisala.com. Provide at least the following supporting information: - Name and model of the product in question - Serial number of the product - Name and location of the installation site...
Page 221: Chapter 8 Technical Data
±20% range 10 000 ... 75 000 m Scatter measurement accuracy ±3% Measurement interval 15 seconds Optical Specifications Table 44 FS11P General Optical Specifications Property Description / Value Operating principle Forward scatter measurement 42 ° Scattering angle VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 219...
Page 222: Electrical Specifications
User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ Table 45 FS11P Transmitter Optical Specifications Property Description / Value Light source Near infrared Light Emitting Diode Peak wavelength 875 nm Modulation frequency 2.2 kHz Lens diameter 30 mm Optical monitoring Light source stability control Optical path blockage measurement...
Page 223: Mechanical Specifications
Up to 60 m/s Sun orientation Direct and reflected sunlight into the light receiver must be avoided Electromagnetic Compatibility The FS11P sensor is CE-compliant. This compliance has been verified according to the following EMC directives. Table 50 FS11P CE-Compliance Verification Subject...
Page 224: Crc16 Checksum
The CRC16 checksum can be calculated using the following algorithm written in the C programming language: /* 16 bit type */ typedef unsigned short Word16; /* Calculate CRC-16 value as used in FS11P protocol */ Word16 crc16(const unsigned char *buf, int len) { Word16 crc; int i,j;...
Page 225: Appendix Anws And Wmo Code Tables
Freezing rain or freezing drizzle The following code figures are used if precipitation or fog is observed at the time of observation Fog or ice fog, in patches Fog or ice fog, has become thinner during the past hour VAISALA _______________________________________________________________________ 223...
Page 226 User's Guide _______________________________________________________________________ SYNOP Codes Weather Types Fog or ice fog, no appreciable change during the past hour Fog or ice fog, has begun or become thicker during the past hour PRECIPITATION Precipitation, slight or moderate Precipitation, heavy DRIZZLE Drizzle, not freezing, slight Drizzle, not freezing, moderate Drizzle, not freezing, heavy Drizzle, freezing, slight...
Page 227: Index
104, 108, 111, 112 Window contamination measurement calibration kit Amount 114, 115 Calibration kit Analog output CHEC 111, 120, 123, 184, 185 Assembling FS11P Checksum Automatic mode CLEAN 111, 118, 120, 122, 171 cleaning 122, 171 Cleaning 169, 173, 213, 214...
Page 228 Program operation Mounting to an existing surface Signal monitoring Mounting when casting the pad Transmitter intensity Frangibility Frangible mast grounding frequency 111, 118, 120, 121, 123, 141, 142 FS11P Status messages FSB101 21, 143 Status FSC101 Transmitter FSC201 LEDI 121, 141...
Page 229 FD12 msg 2 Rain Sensor FD12 msg 7 RAINCAP® 111, 114, 120, 121, 123, 124, 142, Fixed test msg 143, 147, 148, 149, 150, 172, 209 FS11P with LM21 msg Receiver 121, 137, 142, 189 Manual simulation msg Recycling MITRAS Double Baseline...
Page 230 Wiring Transmitter 121, 135, 189 Day/night photo switch Troubleshooting Modem RS-232 RS-485 150, 153 Vaisala 103, 111, 123, 126, 172 WPAR 104, 111, 112, 113 Visibility 116, 118 WSET 104, 105, 111, 112, 113 Visibility calibration check procedure 173, 175...
Page 232 *M211107EN*...

Vaisala FS11P User Manual

Chapter 1 General Information

About this Manual

Product-Related Safety Precautions

Recycling

Regulatory Compliances

Trademarks

License Agreement

Warranty

Chapter 2 Product Overview

Description and Purpose

Mechanical Structure

Equipment Nomenclature

Chapter 3 Installation

Organizing Installation

Location and Orientation

Unloading and Unpacking

Equipment Grounding and Lightning Protection

Cable Selection

Installation Procedures

Chapter 4 Operation

FS11P Commands

Message Formats

Message Sending Modes

System Configuration

Simulated Test Messages

Operating PWD32 through Maintenance Port

Precipitation Sums

List of Commands

Chapter 5 Theory of Operation

Internal Monitoring

Chapter 6 Maintenance

Cleaning FSM102 Windows

Cleaning PWD32

FS11P Calibration

Replacing Fuses

Replacing FS11P Modules

Quick Links

Related Manuals for Vaisala FS11P

Summary of Contents for Vaisala FS11P