1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. IEI Technology Manuals
  4. Motherboard
  5. NANO-AL
  6. User manual

IEI Technology NANO-AL User Manual

Epic sbc with 14nm intel pentium/celeron/atom soc, dual hdmi, idp, lvds, dual pcie gbe, usb 3.0, pcie mini, m.2, sata 6gb/s, com and hd audio, -40c-85c
Hide thumbs
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
NANO-AL EPIC SBC
MODEL:
NANO-AL
®
®
®
®
EPIC SBC with 14nm Intel
Pentium
/Celeron
/Atom
SoC,
Dual HDMI, iDP, LVDS, Dual PCIe GbE, USB 3.0, PCIe Mini,
M.2, SATA 6Gb/s, COM and HD Audio, -40ºC ~ 85ºC
User Manual
Page i
Rev. 1.03 – May 28, 2018

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading

Related Manuals for IEI Technology NANO-AL

Summary of Contents for IEI Technology NANO-AL

  • Page 1 NANO-AL EPIC SBC MODEL: NANO-AL ® ® ® ® EPIC SBC with 14nm Intel Pentium /Celeron /Atom SoC, Dual HDMI, iDP, LVDS, Dual PCIe GbE, USB 3.0, PCIe Mini, M.2, SATA 6Gb/s, COM and HD Audio, -40ºC ~ 85ºC User Manual Page i Rev.
  • Page 2 NANO-AL EPIC SBC Revision Date Version Changes May 28, 2018 1.03 Modified “Table 1-1: Model Variations” May 3, 2018 1.02 Minor update March 27, 2018 1.01 Changed the SIM card slot to optional item December 11, 2017 1.00 Initial release...
  • Page 3 NANO-AL EPIC SBC Copyright COPYRIGHT NOTICE The information in this document is subject to change without prior notice in order to improve reliability, design and function and does not represent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer. In no event will the manufacturer be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use the product or documentation, even if advised of the possibility of such damages.
  • Page 4 NANO-AL EPIC SBC Manual Conventions WARNING Warnings appear where overlooked details may cause damage to the equipment or result in personal injury. Warnings should be taken seriously. CAUTION Cautionary messages should be heeded to help reduce the chance of losing data or damaging the product.

  • Page 5: Table Of Contents

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ......................1 1.1 I ......................2 NTRODUCTION 1.2 M ....................3 ODEL ARIATIONS 1.3 F ........................3 EATURES 1.4 C ......................4 ONNECTORS 1.5 D ....................... 6 IMENSIONS 1.6 D ........................ 7 1.7 T...
  • Page 6 NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.11 Front Panel Connector ................... 29 3.2.12 I C Connector ....................30 3.2.13 Internal DisplayPort Connector ..............31 3.2.14 Keyboard and Mouse Connector ..............32 3.2.15 LAN LED Connectors ..................33 3.2.16 LVDS Connector .................... 34 3.2.17 microSD Card Slot (Optional) ............... 35 3.2.18 M.2 Slot ......................
  • Page 7 NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.7 SIM C ..................62 NSTALLATION 4.8 S ..................64 YSTEM ONFIGURATION 4.8.1 AT/ATX Power Mode Selection ................ 64 4.8.2 Clear CMOS Button ..................65 4.8.3 HDMI/DP Selection Switch ................65 4.8.4 LVDS Panel Type Selection ................66 4.8.5 LVDS Voltage Selection ...................
  • Page 8 NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.7 RTC Wake Settings ................... 95 5.3.8 Power Saving Configuration ................96 5.3.9 Serial Port Console Redirection ..............97 5.3.9.1 Legacy Console Redirection Settings ............. 100 5.3.10 IEI Feature ....................101 5.4 C ......................... 102 HIPSET 5.4.1 North Bridge ....................102 5.4.1.1 Intel IGD Configuration ................
  • Page 9 Figure 1-1: NANO-AL ........................2 Figure 1-2: Connectors (Front Side) ..................... 4 Figure 1-3: Connectors (Solder Side) ................... 5 Figure 1-4: NANO-AL Dimensions (mm) ..................6 Figure 1-5: Data Flow Diagram ...................... 7 Figure 3-1: Peripheral Interface Connectors ................16 Figure 3-2: 9 V ~ 30 V Power Connector Location ..............
  • Page 10 NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 3-26: RS-232 Serial Port Connector Locations .............. 42 Figure 3-27: RS-232/422/485 Serial Port Connector Locations ..........44 Figure 3-28: SIM Card Slot Location ................... 45 Figure 3-29: SMBus Connector Location ................... 46 Figure 3-30: SO-DIMM Connector Location ................46 Figure 3-31: SPI Flash Connector Location ................
  • Page 11 NANO-AL EPIC SBC List of Tables Table 1-1: Model Variations ......................3 Table 1-2: Technical Specifications .................... 10 Table 2-1: Packing List ......................... 13 Table 2-2: Optional Items ......................14 Table 3-1: Peripheral Interface Connectors ................18 Table 3-2: Rear Panel Connectors ....................18 Table 3-3: 9 V ~ 30 V Power Connector Pinouts ................
  • Page 12 NANO-AL EPIC SBC Table 3-27: SMBus Connector Pinouts ..................46 Table 3-28: SPI Flash Connector Pinouts .................. 47 Table 3-29: EC SPI Flash Connector Pinouts ................48 Table 3-30: USB 2.0 Connector Pinouts ..................49 Table 3-31: HDMI Connector Pinouts ..................50 Table 3-32: LAN Pinouts ......................
  • Page 13 NANO-AL EPIC SBC BIOS Menus BIOS Menu 1: Main ........................80 BIOS Menu 2: Advanced ......................81 BIOS Menu 3: Trusted Computing ....................82 BIOS Menu 4: ACPI Settings ....................... 83 BIOS Menu 5: F81866 Super IO Configuration ................84 BIOS Menu 6: Serial Port n Configuration Menu ...............

  • Page 15: Introduction

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Chapter Introduction Page 1...

  • Page 16: Introduction

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 1.1 Introduction Figure 1-1: NANO-AL The NANO-AL is an EPIC form factor single bard computer. It has an on-board 14nm ® ® ® ® Intel Pentium /Celeron /Atom SoC, and supports one 204-pin 1866/1600 MHz DDR3L SDRAM SO-DIMM with up to 8 GB of memory.

  • Page 17: Model Variations

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 1.2 Model Variations The model variations for the NANO-AL series are listed in Table 1-1. Model On-board SoC Operating Temp. ® ® Intel Pentium N4200 on-board SoC (up to NANO-AL-N2 -20ºC ~ 70ºC 2.5 GHz, quad-core, 2 MB cache, TDP=6 W) ®...

  • Page 18: Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 1.4 Connectors The connectors on the NANO-AL are shown in the following figures. Figure 1-2: Connectors (Front Side) Page 4...

  • Page 19: Figure 1-3: Connectors (Solder Side)

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 1-3: Connectors (Solder Side) Page 5...

  • Page 20: Dimensions

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 1.5 Dimensions The main dimensions of the NANO-AL are shown in the diagram below. Figure 1-4: NANO-AL Dimensions (mm) Page 6...

  • Page 21: Data Flow

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 1.6 Data Flow Figure 1-5 shows the data flow between the system chipset, the SoC and other components installed on the motherboard. Figure 1-5: Data Flow Diagram Page 7...

  • Page 22: Technical Specifications

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 1.7 Technical Specifications The NANO-AL technical specifications are listed in Table 1-2. EPIC Form Factor Standard: ® ® Intel Pentium N4200 on-board SoC (up to 2.5 GHz, quad-core, 2 MB cache, TDP=6 W) ® ® Intel Celeron N3350 on-board SoC (up to 2.4 GHz,...
  • Page 23 NANO-AL EPIC SBC One full-size/half-size PCIe Mini card slot (with optional SIM card holder) 1 x M.2 2242 slot (B key, SATA, USB 2,0, USB 3.0 signal Expansions only) One microSD card slot (optional) I/O Interfaces Audio Connector One front panel audio connector (10-pin header)

  • Page 24: Table 1-2: Technical Specifications

    Power Consumption ® ® 12V@2.81A (Intel Atom x7-E3950 SoC with one 8 GB 1600 MHz DDR3L memory) -20ºC ~ 70ºC (NANO-AL-Nx) Operating Temperature -40ºC ~ 85ºC (NANO-AL-ExW2) Storage Temperature -40ºC ~ 85ºC Operating Humidity 5% ~ 95% (non-condensing) Physical Specifications...

  • Page 25: Packing List

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Chapter Packing List Page 11...

  • Page 26: Anti-Static Precautions

    Only handle the edges of the PCB: Don't touch the surface of the motherboard. Hold the motherboard by the edges when handling. 2.2 Unpacking Precautions When the NANO-AL is unpacked, please do the following:  Follow the anti-static guidelines above.

  • Page 27: Packing List

    If any of the components listed in the checklist below are missing, do not proceed with the installation. Contact the IEI reseller or vendor the NANO-AL was purchased from or contact an IEI sales representative directly by sending an email to sales@ieiworld.com.

  • Page 28: Optional Items

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 2.4 Optional Items The following are optional components which may be separately purchased: Item and Part Number Image Dual-port USB cable, 210 mm, P=2.0 (P/N: 32000-070301-RS) PS/2 keyboard and mouse Y cable, 135 mm, P=2.0 (P/N: 32000-023800-RS)

  • Page 29: Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Chapter Connectors Page 15...

  • Page 30: Peripheral Interface Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.1 Peripheral Interface Connectors This chapter details all the peripheral interface connectors. 3.1.1 Layout The figures below show all the peripheral interface connectors. Figure 3-1: Peripheral Interface Connectors Page 16...

  • Page 31: Peripheral Interface Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.1.2 Peripheral Interface Connectors The table below shows a list of the peripheral interface connectors on the NANO-AL. Detailed descriptions of these connectors can be found below. Connector Type Label 4-pin Molex power 9 V ~ 30 V power connector...

  • Page 32: External Interface Panel Connectors

    USB 2.0 connector 8-pin header USB2-2 Table 3-1: Peripheral Interface Connectors 3.1.3 External Interface Panel Connectors The table below lists the rear panel connectors on the NANO-AL. Detailed descriptions of these connectors can be found in a later section. Connector Type Label...

  • Page 33: Internal Peripheral Connectors

    Internal peripheral connectors are found on the motherboard and are only accessible when the motherboard is outside of the chassis. This section has complete descriptions of all the internal, peripheral connectors on the NANO-AL. 3.2.1 9 V ~ 30 V Power Connector CN Label: 4-pin Molex, p=4.2 mm...

  • Page 34: Audio Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.2 Audio Connector CN Label: AUDIO1 10-pin header, p=2 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-3 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-4 This connector connects to speakers, a microphone and an audio input. Figure 3-3: Audio Connector Location...

  • Page 35: Battery Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 3-4: Backlight Inverter Connector Location Description LCD_BKLTCTL GROUND +12V GROUND BACKLIGHT ENABLE Table 3-5: Backlight Inverter Connector Pinouts 3.2.4 Battery Connector CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type. Only certified engineers should replace the on-board battery.

  • Page 36: Figure 3-5: Battery Connector Location

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC NOTE: It is recommended to attach the RTC battery onto the system chassis in which the NANO-AL is installed. CN Label: CN Type: 2-pin wafer, p=1.25 mm CN Location: See Figure 3-5 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-6 This is connected to the system battery.

  • Page 37: Bios Debug Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.5 BIOS Debug Connector CN Label: 80PORT1 12-pin wafer, p=1 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-6 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-7 This connector is used for BIOS debug. Figure 3-6: BIOS Debug Connector Location Description...

  • Page 38: Buzzer Connector

    V5_S Table 3-8: Buzzer Connector Pinouts NOTE: If you cannot find a good place to put a buzzer on the NANO-AL, it is recommended to attach the buzzer onto the system chassis in which the NANO-AL is installed. Page 24...

  • Page 39: Chassis Intrusion Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.7 Chassis Intrusion Connector CN Label: CHASSIS1 2-pin header, p=2.54 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-8 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-9 The chassis intrusion connector is for a chassis intrusion detection sensor or switch that detects if a chassis component is removed or replaced.

  • Page 40: Cpu Fan Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.8 CPU Fan Connector CN Label: CPU_FAN1 4-pin wafer, p=2.54 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-9 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-10 The fan connector attaches to a CPU cooling fan. Figure 3-9: CPU Fan Connector Location...

  • Page 41: Digital I/O Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.9 Digital I/O Connector CN Label: DIO1 10-pin header, p=2 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-10 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-11 The digital I/O connector provides programmable input and output for external devices. Figure 3-10: Digital I/O Connector Location...

  • Page 42: Ec Debug Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.10 EC Debug Connector CN Label: 20-pin wafer, p=0.5 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-11 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-12 The EC debug connector is used for EC debug. Figure 3-11: EC Debug Connector Location...

  • Page 43: Front Panel Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.11 Front Panel Connector CN Label: 6-pin wafer, p=2 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-12 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-13 The front panel connector connects to the indicator LEDs on the computer's front panel. Figure 3-12: Front Panel Connector Location...

  • Page 44: I 2 C Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.12 I C Connector CN Label: I2C1 4-pin wafer, p=1.25 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-13 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-14 The I C connector is used to connect I C-bus devices to the motherboard.

  • Page 45: Internal Displayport Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.13 Internal DisplayPort Connector NOTE: The user can select either to use the HDMI1 connector or the internal DisplayPort connector. Use the HDMI1/DP selection switch to configure the settings. Please refer to Section 4.8.3 for detailed information.

  • Page 46: Keyboard And Mouse Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Description Description AUX_P AUX_N LANE2P LANE3P LANE2N LANE3N LANE0P LANE1P LANE0N LANE1N VCC3V VCC5V Table 3-15: Internal DisplayPort Connector Pinouts 3.2.14 Keyboard and Mouse Connector CN Label: KB/MS1 CN Type: 6-pin wafer, p=2 mm CN Location: See Figure 3-15...

  • Page 47: Lan Led Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Description VCC5_KBMS Mouse Data Mouse Clock Keyboard Data Keyboard Clock Table 3-16: Keyboard and Mouse Connector Pinouts 3.2.15 LAN LED Connectors CN Label: LED_LAN1, LED_LAN2 CN Type: 2-pin header, p=2 mm CN Location: See Figure 3-16 CN Pinouts:...

  • Page 48: Lvds Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.16 LVDS Connector CN Label: LVDS1 CN Type: 40-pin crimp, p=1.25 mm CN Location: See Figure 3-17 See Table 3-18 CN Pinouts: The LVDS connector is for the LCD panel connected to the board. Figure 3-17: LVDS Connector Location...

  • Page 49: Microsd Card Slot (Optional)

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Description Description B_CK B_Y3 LVDS_VCC LVDS_VCC LVDS_VCC LVDS_VCC LVDS_VCC LVDS_VCC Table 3-18: LVDS Connector Pinouts 3.2.17 microSD Card Slot (Optional) CN Label: CN Type: microSD card slot CN Location: See Figure 3-18 The microSD card slot is for installing a microSD card to the system.

  • Page 50: Slot

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.18 M.2 Slot CN Label: M2_1 M.2 B-key slot CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-19 The M.2 slot is keyed in the B position and provides the mounting screw position for 2242-size M.2 module. The M.2 slot supports the signals of SATA, USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 (reserved).

  • Page 51: Pcie Mini Card Slot

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.19 PCIe Mini Card Slot CN Label: MPCIE1 PCIe Mini card slot CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-20 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-19 The PCIe Mini card slot enables a full-size/half-size PCIe Mini card expansion module to be connected to the board.

  • Page 52: Power Button (On-Board)

    +3.3V +3.3V 1.5V MSATA_DET +3.3V Table 3-19: PCIe Mini Card Slot Pinouts 3.2.20 Power Button (On-board) CN Label: PWR_SW1 CN Type: Push button CN Location: See Figure 3-21 Push the on-board power button to power on the NANO-AL. Page 38...

  • Page 53: Power Button Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 3-21: On-board Power Button Location 3.2.21 Power Button Connector CN Label: PWR_BTN1 CN Type: 2-pin wafer, p=2 mm CN Location: See Figure 3-22 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-20 The power button connector connects to the power button on the computer's front panel.

  • Page 54: Reset Button Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.22 Reset Button Connector CN Label: RST_BTN1 2-pin wafer, p=2 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-23 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-21 The reset button connector connects to the reset button on the computer's front panel.

  • Page 55: Sata Power Connectors (5 V)

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC The SATA drive connectors can be connected to SATA drives and support up to 6Gb/s data transfer rate. Figure 3-24: SATA 6Gb/s Drive Connector Locations Description SATA_TX+ SATA_TX- SATA_RX- SATA_RX+ Table 3-22: SATA 6Gb/s Drive Connector Pinouts 3.2.24 SATA Power Connectors (5 V)

  • Page 56: Serial Port Connector, Rs-232

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 3-25: 5 V SATA Power Connector Locations Description +V5S Table 3-23: 5 V SATA Power Connector Pinouts 3.2.25 Serial Port Connector, RS-232 CN Label: COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4 10-pin header, p=2 mm CN Type: CN Location:...

  • Page 57: Serial Port Connector, Rs-232/422/485

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Description Description Table 3-24: RS-232 Serial Port Connector Pinouts 3.2.26 Serial Port Connector, RS-232/422/485 CN Label: COM5, COM6 CN Type: 10-pin header, p=2 mm See Figure 3-27 CN Location: CN Pinouts: See Table 3-25 This connector provides RS-232, RS-422 or RS-485 communications.

  • Page 58: Figure 3-27: Rs-232/422/485 Serial Port Connector Locations

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 3-27: RS-232/422/485 Serial Port Connector Locations Description Description Table 3-25: RS-232/422/485 Serial Port Connector Pinouts Use the optional RS-422/485 cable to connect to a serial device. The pinouts of the DB-9 connector are listed below. RS-232 Pinouts...

  • Page 59: Sim Card Slot (Optional)

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.27 SIM Card Slot (Optional) CN Label: SIM1 SIM card slot CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-28 The SIM card slot accepts a SIM card for 3G network communication. Figure 3-28: SIM Card Slot Location 3.2.28 SMBus Connector...

  • Page 60: So-Dimm Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 3-29: SMBus Connector Location Description SMB_DATA SMB_CLK +V5S Table 3-27: SMBus Connector Pinouts 3.2.29 SO-DIMM Connector CN Label: DIMM1 204-pin DDR3L SO-DIMM connector CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-30 The SO-DIMM connector is for installing a DDR3L SO-DIMM on the system.

  • Page 61: Spi Flash Connector

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.30 SPI Flash Connector CN Label: J_SPI1 6-pin wafer, p=1.25 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-31 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-28 The SPI flash connector is used to flash the SPI ROM. Figure 3-31: SPI Flash Connector Location Description +V3.3M_SPI_CON...

  • Page 62: Spi Flash Connector (Ec)

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.2.31 SPI Flash Connector (EC) CN Label: J_SPI2 6-pin wafer, p=1.25 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-32 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-29 The SPI flash connector is used to flash the EC ROM. Figure 3-32: EC SPI Flash Connector Location Description +V3.3M_SPI_CON_EC...

  • Page 63: External Interface Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC The USB header can connect to two USB 2.0 devices. Figure 3-33: USB 2.0 Connector Location Description Description DATA- DATA+ DATA+ DATA- Table 3-30: USB 2.0 Connector Pinouts 3.3 External Interface Connectors The figure below shows the external peripheral interface connector (EPIC) panel. The...

  • Page 64: Hdmi Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.3.1 HDMI Connectors CN Label: HDMI1, HDMI2 HDMI connector CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-34 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-31 The HDMI connectors can connect to HDMI devices. Description Description HDMI_DATA2 HDMI_DATA2# HDMI_DATA1 HDMI_DATA1# HDMI_DATA0 HDMI_DATA0#...

  • Page 65: Lan Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC NOTE: The HDMI1 connector is co-lay with the iDP connector. When the iDP connector is enabled, the HDMI1 connector will be disabled. This is controlled by the HDMI/DP selection switch. Please refer to Section 4.8.3 for detailed information.

  • Page 66: Usb 2.0 Connectors

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 3.3.3 USB 2.0 Connectors CN Label: USB2-1 USB 2.0 port CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 3-34 CN Pinouts: See Table 3-33 The USB 2.0 connector can be connected to a USB 2.0/1.1 device. Description DATA- DATA+ Table 3-33: USB 2.0 Port Pinouts...

  • Page 67: Installation

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Chapter Installation Page 53...

  • Page 68: Anti-Static Precautions

    Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can cause serious damage to electronic components, including the NANO-AL. Dry climates are especially susceptible to ESD. It is therefore critical to strictly adhere to the following anti-static precautions whenever the NANO-AL, or any other electrical component, is handled.
  • Page 69 NANO-AL EPIC SBC WARNING: The installation instructions described in this manual should be carefully followed in order to prevent damage to the NANO-AL, NANO-AL components and injury to the user. Before and during the installation please DO the following: ...

  • Page 70: So-Dimm Installation

    Figure 3-30. Figure 4-1: SO-DIMM Installation Step 1: Locate the SO-DIMM socket on the solder side of the NANO-AL. Place the board on an anti-static mat. Step 2: Align the SO-DIMM with the socket. Align the notch on the memory with the notch on the memory socket.

  • Page 71: Figure 4-2: Removing The Retention Screw

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Step 2: Remove the retention screw. Remove the retention screw as shown in Figure 4-2. Figure 4-2: Removing the Retention Screw Step 3: Insert into the socket at an angle. Line up the notch on the card with the notch on the slot.

  • Page 72: Half-Size Pcie Mini Card Installation

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Step 4: Secure the full-size PCIe Mini card. Secure the full-size PCIe Mini card with the retention screw previously removed (Figure 4-4). Step 0: Figure 4-4: Securing the Full-size PCIe Mini Card 4.5 Half-size PCIe Mini Card Installation The PCIe Mini card slot allows installation of either a full-size or half-size PCIe Mini card.

  • Page 73: Figure 4-5: Installing The Standoff

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 4-5: Installing the Standoff Step 3: Insert into the socket at an angle. Line up the notch on the card with the notch on the slot. Slide the PCIe Mini card into the slot at an angle of about 20º (Figure 4-6).

  • Page 74: Module Installation

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 4-7: Securing the Half-size PCIe Mini Card 4.6 M.2 Module Installation NOTE: To use the SATA signal of the M.2 slot (M2_1), the user has to set the M.2 and SATA2 selection switch to B-C position. Please refer to Section 4.8.6 for detail information.

  • Page 75: Figure 4-8: Removing The M.2 Module Retention Screw

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Step 2: Remove the on-board retention screw as shown in Figure 4-8. Figure 4-8: Removing the M.2 Module Retention Screw Step 3: Line up the notch on the card with the notch on the slot. Slide the M.2 module into the socket at an angle of about 20º...

  • Page 76: Sim Card Installation

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Step 4: Push the M.2 module down and secure it with the previously removed retention screw (Figure 4-10). Step 0: Figure 4-10: Securing the M.2 Module 4.7 SIM Card Installation To install a SIM card, please follow the steps below.

  • Page 77: Figure 4-12: Sim Card Installation

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Step 3: Open the slot cover and place a SIM card onto the slot. The cut mark on the corner should be facing away from the slot as shown in Figure 4-12. Figure 4-12: SIM Card Installation...

  • Page 78: System Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.8 System Configuration The system configuration is controlled by buttons/jumpers/switches, and should be performed before installation. 4.8.1 AT/ATX Power Mode Selection The AT and ATX power mode selection is made through the AT/ATX power mode switch which is shown in Figure 4-14.

  • Page 79: Clear Cmos Button

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.8.2 Clear CMOS Button To reset the BIOS, remove the on-board battery and press the clear CMOS button for three seconds or more. The clear CMOS button location is shown in Figure 4-15. Figure 4-15: Clear CMOS Button Location 4.8.3 HDMI/DP Selection Switch...

  • Page 80: Lvds Panel Type Selection

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Figure 4-16: HDMI/DP Selection Switch Location 4.8.4 LVDS Panel Type Selection Jumper Label: Jumper Type: DIP switch Jumper Settings: See Table 4-3 Jumper Location: See Figure 4-17 Use the DIP switch to select the resolution of the LCD panel connected to the LVDS connector.

  • Page 81: Figure 4-17: Lvds Panel Type Selection Switch Location

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC * ON=0, OFF=1 SW1 (4-3-2-1) Description 0000 800x600 18-bit (default) 0001 1024x768 18-bit 0010 1024x768 24-bit 0011 1280x768 18-bit 0100 1280x800 18-bit 0101 1280x960 18-bit 0110 1280x1024 48-bit 0111 1366x768 18-bit 1000 1366x768 24-bit 1001 1440x960 48-bit...

  • Page 82: Lvds Voltage Selection

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.8.5 LVDS Voltage Selection WARNING: Permanent damage to the screen and NANO-AL may occur if the wrong voltage is selected with this jumper. Please refer to the user guide that came with the monitor to select the correct voltage.

  • Page 83: And Sata2 Selection Switch

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.8.6 M.2 and SATA2 Selection Switch To use the SATA signal of the M.2 slot (M2_1), the user has to set this switch to B-C position. The M.2 and SATA2 selection switch settings are shown in Table 4-5.

  • Page 84: Flash Descriptor Security Override Jumper

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.8.7 Flash Descriptor Security Override Jumper CN Label: J_TXE1 2-pin header, p=2 mm CN Type: CN Location: See Figure 4-20 CN Settings: See Table 4-6 The Flash Descriptor Security Override jumper (ME_FLASH1) allows to enable or disable the ME firmware update.

  • Page 85: Chassis Installation

    The chassis should have fans and vents as necessary to keep things cool. The NANO-AL must be installed in a chassis with ventilation holes on the sides allowing airflow to travel through the heat sink surface. In a system with an individual power supply unit, the cooling fan of a power supply can also help generate airflow through the board surface.

  • Page 86: Internal Peripheral Device Connections

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.10 Internal Peripheral Device Connections This section outlines the installation of peripheral devices to the onboard connectors. 4.10.1 RS-232 Cable Connection The single RS-232 cable consists of one serial port connector attached to a serial communications cable that is then attached to a D-sub 9 male connector. To install the single RS-232 cable, please follow the steps below.

  • Page 87: Sata Drive Connection

    Step 0: 4.10.2 SATA Drive Connection The NANO-AL is shipped with two SATA drive cables. To connect the SATA drive to the connector, please follow the steps below. Step 1: Locate the SATA connector and the SATA power connector. The locations of the connectors are shown in Chapter 3.

  • Page 88: Software Installation

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 4.11 Software Installation All the drivers for the NANO-AL are available on IEI Resource Download Center (https://download.ieiworld.com). Type NANO-AL and press Enter to find all the relevant software, utilities, and documentation. Figure 4-23: IEI Resource Download Center IEI provides the following drivers for Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10 operating systems.

  • Page 89: Driver Download

    4.11.1 Driver Download To download drivers from IEI Resource Download Center, follow the steps below. Step 1: Go to https://download.ieiworld.com. Type NANO-AL and press Enter. Step 2: All product-related software, utilities, and documentation will be listed. You can choose Driver to filter the result.
  • Page 90 NANO-AL EPIC SBC NOTE: To install software from the downloaded ISO image file in Windows 8, 8.1 or 10, double-click the ISO file to mount it as a virtual drive to view its content. On Windows 7 system, an additional tool (such as Virtual CD-ROM Control Panel from Microsoft) is needed to mount the file.

  • Page 91: Bios

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Chapter BIOS Page 77...

  • Page 92: Introduction

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.1 Introduction The BIOS is programmed onto the BIOS chip. The BIOS setup program allows changes to certain system settings. This chapter outlines the options that can be changed. NOTE: Some of the BIOS options may vary throughout the life cycle of the product and are subject to change without prior notice.

  • Page 93: Getting Help

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Function General help, only for Status Page Setup Menu and Option Page Setup Menu Load previous values Load optimized defaults Save changes and Exit BIOS Table 5-1: BIOS Navigation Keys 5.1.3 Getting Help When F1 is pressed a small help window describing the appropriate keys to use and the possible selections for the highlighted item appears.

  • Page 94: Main

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.2 Main The Main BIOS menu (BIOS Menu 1) appears when the BIOS Setup program is entered. The Main menu gives an overview of the basic system information. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc.

  • Page 95: Advanced

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3 Advanced Use the Advanced menu (BIOS Menu 2) to configure the CPU and peripheral devices through the following sub-menus: WARNING: Setting the wrong values in the sections below may cause the system to malfunction. Make sure that the settings made are compatible with the hardware.

  • Page 96: Trusted Computing

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.1 Trusted Computing Use the Trusted Computing menu (BIOS Menu 3) to configure settings related to the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) Trusted Platform Module (TPM). Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced Configuration...

  • Page 97: Acpi Settings

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.2 ACPI Settings The ACPI Settings menu (BIOS Menu 4) configures the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) options. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced ACPI Settings Select the highest ACPI sleep state the system...

  • Page 98: F81866 Super Io Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.3 F81866 Super IO Configuration Use the F81866 Super IO Configuration menu (BIOS Menu 5) to set or change the configurations for the serial ports. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced F81866 Super IO Configuration...
  • Page 99 NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.3.1.1 Serial Port 1 Configuration  Serial Port [Enabled] Use the Serial Port option to enable or disable the serial port.  Disabled Disable the serial port  Enable the serial port Enabled EFAULT  Change Settings [Auto] Use the Change Settings option to change the serial port IO port address and interrupt address.
  • Page 100 NANO-AL EPIC SBC  Change Settings [Auto] Use the Change Settings option to change the serial port IO port address and interrupt address.  IO=2F8h; Serial Port I/O port address is 2F8h and the interrupt IRQ=7 address is IRQ7 ...
  • Page 101 NANO-AL EPIC SBC  IO=2E8h; Serial Port I/O port address is 2E8h and the interrupt IRQ=10 address is IRQ10  Serial Port I/O port address is 3E0h and the interrupt IO=3E0h; address is IRQ10 IRQ=10  IO=2E0h; Serial Port I/O port address is 2E0h and the interrupt...
  • Page 102 NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.3.1.5 Serial Port 5 Configuration  Serial Port [Enabled] Use the Serial Port option to enable or disable the serial port.  Disabled Disable the serial port  Enable the serial port Enabled EFAULT  Change Settings [Auto] Use the Change Settings option to change the serial port IO port address and interrupt address.
  • Page 103 NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.3.1.6 Serial Port 6 Configuration  Serial Port [Enabled] Use the Serial Port option to enable or disable the serial port.  Disabled Disable the serial port  Enable the serial port Enabled EFAULT  Change Settings [Auto] Use the Change Settings option to change the serial port IO port address and interrupt address.

  • Page 104: Iwdd H/W Monitor

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.4 iWDD H/W Monitor The iWDD H/W Monitor menu (BIOS Menu 7) displays the system temperatures and voltages. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced PC Health Status Smart Fan Mode Select System temperature : +37 °C...

  • Page 105: Smart Fan Mode Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.4.1 Smart Fan Mode Configuration Use the Smart Fan Mode Configuration submenu (BIOS Menu 8) to configure smart fan temperature and speed settings. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced Smart Fan Mode Configuration...

  • Page 106: Usb Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.5 USB Configuration Use the USB Configuration menu (BIOS Menu 9) to read USB configuration information and configure the USB settings. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced USB Configuration Enables Legacy USB support.

  • Page 107: Cpu Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.6 CPU Configuration Use the CPU Configuration menu (BIOS Menu 10) to view detailed CPU specifications and configure its settings. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced CPU Configuration Enable/Disable Intel SpeedStep Intel(R) Atom(TM) Processor E3940 @ 1.60GHz...
  • Page 108 NANO-AL EPIC SBC  L1 Code Cache: Lists the amount of code storage space on the L1 cache.  L2 Cache: Lists the amount of storage space on the L2 cache.  L3 Cache: Lists the amount of storage space on the L3 cache.

  • Page 109: Rtc Wake Settings

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.7 RTC Wake Settings The RTC Wake Settings menu (BIOS Menu 11) enables the system to wake at the specified time. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced RTC Wake Settings Enable or disable System wake on alarm event.

  • Page 110: Power Saving Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Wake up minute Wake up second After setting the alarm, the computer turns itself on from a suspend state when the alarm goes off. 5.3.8 Power Saving Configuration The Power Saving Configuration menu (BIOS Menu 12) allows the system to reduce power consumption when the system is off.

  • Page 111: Serial Port Console Redirection

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.9 Serial Port Console Redirection The Serial Port Console Redirection menu (BIOS Menu 13) allows the console redirection options to be configured. Console redirection allows users to maintain a system remotely by re-directing keyboard input and text output through the serial port.
  • Page 112 NANO-AL EPIC SBC NOTE: The following options are available in the Console Redirection Settings submenu when the Console Redirection option is enabled.  Terminal Type [ANSI] Use the Terminal Type option to specify the remote terminal type.  VT100 The target terminal type is VT100 ...
  • Page 113 NANO-AL EPIC SBC  Parity [None] Use the Parity option to specify the parity bit that can be sent with the data bits for detecting the transmission errors.  None No parity bit is sent with the data bits. EFAULT ...

  • Page 114: Legacy Console Redirection Settings

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.9.1 Legacy Console Redirection Settings Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced Legacy Serial Redirection Port [COM1] Select a COM port to display redirection of Legacy OS and Legacy OPROM Messages --------------------- : Select Screen ↑...

  • Page 115: Iei Feature

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.3.10 IEI Feature Use the IEI Feature menu (BIOS Menu 15) to configure One Key Recovery function. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced iEi Feature Auto Recovery Function Reboot and recover Auto Recovery Function...

  • Page 116: Chipset

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.4 Chipset Use the Chipset menu (BIOS Menu 16) to access the chipset configuration menus. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Main Advanced Chipset Security Boot Save & Exit > North Bridge North Bridge Parameters >...

  • Page 117: Intel Igd Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.4.1.1 Intel IGD Configuration Use the Intel IGD Configuration submenu (BIOS Menu 18) to configure the graphics settings. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Chipset Intel IGD Configuration Select which of IGD/PCI Primary Display...
  • Page 118 NANO-AL EPIC SBC  DVMT Pre-Allocated [256M] Use the DVMT Pre-Allocated option to specify the amount of system memory that can be used by the internal graphics device.  64 MB of memory used by internal graphics device  128 MB of memory used by internal graphics...

  • Page 119: Lcd Control

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.4.1.2 LCD Control Use the LCD Control submenu (BIOS Menu 18) to select a display device which will be activated during POST. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Chipset LCD Control Select the Video Device...

  • Page 120: Southbridge Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC  LVDS Switch [LVDS1 Disabled] Use the LVDS Switch option to enable or disable the on-board LVDS connector.  The on-board LVDS connector is disabled. LVDS1 Disabled EFAULT  The on-board LVDS connector is enabled. LVDS1 Enabled 5.4.2 Southbridge Configuration...

  • Page 121: Table 5-2: Bios Options And Configured Usb Ports

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC  USB Power SW1 [+5V DUAL] Use the USB Power SW1 BIOS option to configure the USB power source for the corresponding USB connectors (Table 5-2).  +5V DUAL Sets the USB power source to +5V dual EFAULT ...

  • Page 122: Hd Audio Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.4.2.1 HD Audio Configuration Use the HD-Audio Configuration menu (BIOS Menu 24) to configure the PCH Azalia settings. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Chipset HD-Audio Configuration Enable/Disable HD-Audio HD-Audio Support [Enable] Support.

  • Page 123: Pci Express Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.4.2.2 PCI Express Configuration Use the PCI Express Configuration menu (BIOS Menu 24) to configure the PCI Express root ports. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Chipset PCI Express Configuration Control the PCI Express >...

  • Page 124: Bios Menu 23: Onboard Lan1/Onboard Lan2 Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.4.2.2.1 Onboard LAN1/Onboard LAN2 Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced Onboard LAN1 [Enable] Control the PCI Express Root Port. AUTO: To disable unused root port automatically for the most optimum power savings.

  • Page 125: Bios Menu 24: Mpcie1 Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Chipset MPCIE1 [Enable] Control the PCI Express PCIe Speed [Auto] Root Port. AUTO: To disable unused root port automatically for the most optimum power savings. Enable: Enable PCIe root...

  • Page 126: Sata Configuration

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.4.2.3 SATA Configuration Use the SATA Configuration menu (BIOS Menu 25) to change and/or set the configuration of the SATA devices installed in the system. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2016 American Megatrends, Inc. Advanced SATA Configuration...

  • Page 127: Security

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC  Hot Plug [Disabled] Use the Hot Plug option to designate the correspondent SATA port as hot-pluggable.  Disables the hot-pluggable function of the SATA port. Disabled EFAULT  Designates the SATA port as hot-pluggable. Enabled 5.5 Security Use the Security menu (BIOS Menu 26) to set system and user passwords.

  • Page 128: Boot

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.6 Boot Use the Boot menu (BIOS Menu 27) to configure system boot options. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Main Advanced Chipset Security Boot Save & Exit Boot Configuration Select the keyboard...
  • Page 129 NANO-AL EPIC SBC  Quiet Boot [Enabled] Use the Quiet Boot BIOS option to select the screen display when the system boots.  Normal POST messages displayed Disabled  OEM Logo displayed instead of POST messages Enabled EFAULT  Launch PXE OpROM [Disabled] Use the Launch PXE OpROM option to enable or disable boot option for legacy network devices.

  • Page 130: Save & Exit

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC 5.7 Save & Exit Use the Save & Exit menu (BIOS Menu 28) to load default BIOS values, optimal failsafe values and to save configuration changes. Aptio Setup Utility – Copyright (C) 2017 American Megatrends, Inc. Main...

  • Page 131: A Regulatory Compliance

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Appendix Regulatory Compliance Page 117...
  • Page 132 NANO-AL EPIC SBC DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY This equipment has been tested and found to comply with specifications for CE marking. If the user modifies and/or installs other devices in the equipment, the CE conformity declaration may no longer apply. FCC WARNING This equipment complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules.

  • Page 133: B Product Disposal

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Appendix Product Disposal Page 119...
  • Page 134 NANO-AL EPIC SBC CAUTION: Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type. Only certified engineers should replace the on-board battery. Dispose of used batteries according to instructions and local regulations.  Outside the European Union–If you wish to dispose of used electrical and electronic products outside the European Union, please contact your local authority so as to comply with the correct disposal method.

  • Page 135: C Bios Options

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Appendix BIOS Options Page 121...
  • Page 136 NANO-AL EPIC SBC Below is a list of BIOS configuration options in the BIOS chapter. System Date [xx/xx/xx] ......................80 System Time [xx:xx:xx] ....................... 80 Security Device Support [Disable] ..................82 ACPI Sleep State [S3 (Suspend to RAM)] ................83 Serial Port [Enabled] ......................
  • Page 137 NANO-AL EPIC SBC Parity [None] ......................... 99 Stop Bits [1] .......................... 99 Legacy Serial Redirection Port [COM1] ................100 Auto Recovery Function [Disabled] .................101 Primary Display [IGD] ......................103 Integrated Graphics Device [Enable] ................103 DVMT Pre-Allocated [256M] ....................104 DVMT Total Gfx Mem [MAX] ....................104 Primary IGFX Boot Display [Auto] ...................105...

  • Page 138: D Terminology

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Appendix Terminology Page 124...
  • Page 139 NANO-AL EPIC SBC ® AC ’97 Audio Codec 97 (AC’97) refers to a codec standard developed by Intel in 1997. ACPI Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is an OS-directed configuration, power management, and thermal management interface. AHCI Advanced Host Controller Interface (AHCI) is a SATA Host controller register-level interface.
  • Page 140 NANO-AL EPIC SBC DIMM Dual Inline Memory Modules are a type of RAM that offer a 64-bit data bus and have separate electrical contacts on each side of the module. The digital inputs and digital outputs are general control signals that control the on/off circuit of external devices or TTL devices.
  • Page 141 NANO-AL EPIC SBC LVDS Low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) is a dual-wire, high-speed differential electrical signaling system commonly used to connect LCD displays to a computer. POST The Power-on Self Test (POST) is the pre-boot actions the system performs when the system is turned-on.

  • Page 142: E Digital I/O Interface

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Appendix Digital I/O Interface Page 128...

  • Page 143: Introduction

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC E.1 Introduction The DIO connector on the NANO-AL is interfaced to GPIO ports on the Super I/O chipset. The digital inputs and digital outputs are generally control signals that control the on/off circuit of external devices or TTL devices. Data can be read or written to the selected address to enable the DIO functions.

  • Page 144: Assembly Language Sample 1

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC E.2 Assembly Language Sample 1 AX, 6F08H ;setting the digital port as input AL low byte = value AH – 6FH Sub-function: AL – 9 :Set the digital port as OUTPUT :Digital I/O input value E.3 Assembly Language Sample 2 AX, 6F09H ;setting the digital port as output...

  • Page 145: F Hazardous Materials Disclosure

    NANO-AL EPIC SBC Appendix Hazardous Materials Disclosure Page 131...
  • Page 146 NANO-AL EPIC SBC The details provided in this appendix are to ensure that the product is compliant with the Peoples Republic of China (China) RoHS standards. The table below acknowledges the presences of small quantities of certain materials in the product, and is applicable to China RoHS only.
  • Page 147 NANO-AL EPIC SBC 此附件旨在确保本产品符合中国 RoHS 标准。以下表格标示此产品中某有毒物质的含量符 合中国 RoHS 标准规定的限量要求。 本产品上会附有”环境友好使用期限”的标签，此期限是估算这些物质”不会有泄漏或突变”的 年限。本产品可能包含有较短的环境友好使用期限的可替换元件，像是电池或灯管，这些元 件将会单独标示出来。 部件名称 有毒有害物质或元素 铅 汞 镉 六价铬 多溴联苯 多溴二苯 醚 (Pb) (Hg) (Cd) (CR(VI)) (PBB) (PBDE) 壳体 显示 印刷电路板 金属螺帽 电缆组装 风扇组装 电力供应组装 电池 O: 表示该有毒有害物质在该部件所有物质材料中的含量均在 SJ/T 11363-2006 (现由 GB/T 26572-2011 取代) 标准规定的限量要求以下。...

Table of Contents