Page 2 Information provided by EXFO is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by EXFO for its use or for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent rights of EXFO.
Page 3: Table Of Contents
CableSHARK P3 User Guide CableSHARK P3 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 1048835 November 2006, Rev. 0 S/W: 3.91 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................I PATENT INFORMATION .......................IX SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION ....................1 ................1 OW TO PERATING ANUAL SHARK ...................
Page 4 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 5.1 S SHARK ..............25 ESTS AND ESETTING THE ABLE 5.1.1 Self Tests........................25 5.1.2 Resetting the CableSHARK..................25 5.2 C SHARK ................ 26 ONNECTING THE ABLE TO THE 5.2.1 Test Cable and Connector Requirements ..............26 5.2.2 Single-Ended Testing ....................
Page 5 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.10 ........................ 61 ETURN 7.11 SHDSL D ..................61 REDICTION 7.12 ........................ 61 TALK 7.13 ..............62 SOLATION EST OR TRESS EAKAGE 7.14 ADSL A ......................62 7.15 SHDSL A ....................... 63 7.16 VF A ....................... 64 7.17...
Page 6 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.4..N ....................... 106 OISE EASUREMENTS 8.4.1 Setting up a Noise Test ....................107 8.4.2 Running a Noise Test ....................112 8.5..L ..................... 119 ONGITUDINAL ALANCE 8.5.1 Setting up a Longitudinal Balance Test..............119 8.5.2 Running a Longitudinal Balance Test................. 120 8.6..L ....................
Page 7 CableSHARK P3 User Guide SECTION 12 RESISTIVE FAULT LOCATION ..............189 12.1 R (RFL) T ............... 189 ESISTIVE AULT OCATION ESTING 12.1.1 Setting up for a RFL Test ..................190 12.1.1.1 Disconnecting the Station Battery and the Customer ............190 12.1.1.2..Connecting the CableSHARK to a Suspect Faulty Pair ............
Page 8 XCLUSIONS ........................... 276 ERTIFICATION APPENDIX F SOFTWARE POLICY AND UPGRADES............ 277 ......................277 OFTWARE OLICY ....................277 PGRADING OFTWARE EXFO S ..................281 ERVICE ENTERS ORLDWIDE APPENDIX J VISI-SHARK SOFTWARE ................283 ..................... 283 NSTALLING THE OFTWARE SHARK PC..............283...
Page 9 CableSHARK P3 User Guide -SHARK ............285 ETTING UP A ONNECTION WITH J.4.1 Setup Connection Via COM Ports ................286 J.4.2 Connecting Through a Network via Ethernet.............. 288 J.4.3 Connecting Through a MODEM ................. 289 SHARK -SHARK ............291 ONTROLLING THE...
Page 10 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier viii...
Page 11: Patent Information
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Patent Information The End-to-End DMT test used by the EXFO CableSHARK is patent protected. ADSL Data Rate Prediction (End to End): United States Patent # US 6,445,773 B1 September 3, 2002 ADSL Data Rate Prediction (End to End): Canada Patent # 2,297,871 December 28, 2004 The Single-Ended DMT test used by the EXFO CableSHARK is patent pending.
Page 12 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 13: Introduction
Section 1 Introduction The EXFO CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier (called CableSHARK hereafter) is designed to measure frequency response and perform time domain reflectometry on twisted pair telecommunication cable in the local subscriber loop. These measurements determine the capability of the cable to carry digitized xDSL technology.
Page 14: Caring For The Cableshark
Also, inspect the instrument for damage during shipment. Any damage should be reported immediately to the carrier and your EXFO representative as soon as possible in order to institute an insurance claim. After unpacking, the user can refer to Section 4.0 “Physical Features and Power Supply”. It is strongly suggested that Section 4.0 be read before operating the unit.
Page 15: Digital Subscriber Line (Dsl) Overview
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 2 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Overview The need for faster and cheaper Internet access, video-on-demand, simplex video, remote LAN access and interactive multimedia by residential and business customers alike has been a driving force in the creation of Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies.
Page 16 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ISDN uses a 2B1Q line coding (2 Binary, 1 Quaternary) to represent information. 2B1Q maps two bits of data into one quaternary symbol. (for example, onto four voltage levels at a regular clocking rate). High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line - HDSL is a symmetric DSL similar to T1 or E1 in that it delivers a bit rate of 1.544 or 2.048 Mbps of bandwidth.
Page 17 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 2C – ADSL Architecture For service providers and customers alike, ADSL allows users to use their existing phone line to have both high-speed Internet access as well as regular (including vital life-line) Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS).
Page 18 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Figure 2D – Asymmetric Nature of ADSL There are actually 32 bins allocated for Upstream and up to 250 bins allocated for Downstream; 250 can only be used with echo cancellation. For the most part, however, DMT implementations will use 218 bins for Downstream.
Page 19 CableSHARK P3 User Guide DMT standards suggest that equipment can use up to 15 bits/bin to encode data per sub-channel. However, using the maximum 15 bits/bin may result in the ADSL modems having to transmit at a higher power than would be practical or allowed in a cable bundle.
Page 20 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier SHDSL is designed to be more of a business solution than a residential service due to its symmetry. It can be used as a T1 / E1 replacement technology and is also well suited for VoDSL solutions. SHDSL has been developed to be spectrally compatible with other technologies within bundles of local loops.
Page 21: Time Domain Reflectometry Overview
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 3 Time Domain Reflectometry Overview Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a cable testing technique that is used to detect faults along power transmission lines. Using this technique, voltage pulses are sent out over the line and voltage reflections caused by cable abnormalities are monitored.
Page 22 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Figure 3B - A Pulse Reflection indicates a load coil at 500 ft (152 m) TDR’s can use various methods of testing to determine the location of problems along the length of the cable under test. Impedance is a major player. The TDR equipment looks for a change in impedance which could be caused by improper installation, cable damage (caused by water, etc.), end of cable, and a bridged tap.
Page 23 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Not all cables are the same, hence the variations in VOP. Conversely, not all local loops are the same. Some local loops are longer than others and susceptibility to noisy environments varies. All signals on these loops, regardless of cable length or environment, are subject to attenuation.
Page 24 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 1.000 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.250 0.000 0.000 -0.250 -0.250 -0.500 -0.500 -0.750 -0.750 -1.000 -1.000 1250.0 2500.0 3750.0 5000.0 1250.0 2500.0 3750.0 5000.0 Cursor position = Cursor position = 2500.0 Pulse Width: 300 ns Cursor position = Cursor position =...
Page 25 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 1.000 1.000 0.750 0.750 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.250 0.000 0.000 -0.250 -0.250 -0.500 -0.500 -0.750 -0.750 -1.000 -1.000 2500.0 5000.0 7500.0 10000.0 1250.0 2500.0 3750.0 5000.0 Cursor position = Cursor position = 2995.2 Pulse Width: 300 ns...
Page 26 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 27: Physical Features And Power Supply
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 4 Physical Features and Power Supply 4.1 Physical Features of the CableSHARK 4.1.1 The Front Panel The illustration below shows the front panel features of the CableSHARK. These features are described following the illustration. CableSHARK P3...
Page 28 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Power On LED This LED indicates the ON/Off status of the CableSHARK. It also shows the status of the internal battery and the condition of the charging circuit. Power On/Off Button This push button switch turns the instrument on or off. Contrast Controls Adjusts the contrast of the LCD display.
Page 29: The Rear Panel
This USB connection provides the user with the ability to save results to a USB Memory. Users can save results to the optional 256 MB USB Memory available from EXFO. Users can also upgrade the CableSHARK via the USB port using the USB Memory.
Page 30: The Serial Interface Connection
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Serial Communication Port (Male) The 9-pin connector provides serial communication with a computer. The CableSHARK can download its results to a terminal program or be remote controlled via the optional Microsoft Windows® based Visi-SHARK program. This port is also used to upgrade the software version resident within the CableSHARK.
Page 31: The Ethernet 10Baset Connection
If the unit is connected to a terminal or computer, a Null Modem cable is required. This null modem cable is available from EXFO and should be ordered with the CableSHARK. Null modem cables are available in various configurations. The configuration on Figure 4.1.3A above gives the pin arrangement of a typical null modem cable.
Page 32: Tia/Eia T568A
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier TIA/EIA T568A TIA/EIA T568B * use for connections between CableSHARK and * use for connections between CableSHARK and a the network. Orange Green Pair 2 Pair 3 Green Blue Brown Orange Blue Brown Pair 3 Pair 1 Pair 4 Pair 2...
Page 33: Powering The Cableshark
To power the CableSHARK with the adapter, first locate the power connector at the rear of the instrument. Plug the adapter to the AC mains and the CableSHARK. Only the supplied Power Adapter should be used (EXFO Part Reference CSK-ACx3). Spare or replacement Power Adapters can be ordered from your local EXFO distributor.
Page 34: Replacing The Cableshark's Internal Battery
The CableSHARK has been designed such that the user can change the battery easily with very few tools. Extra batteries are available from your EXFO representative. To change the battery, locate the battery compartment door on the underside of the unit.
Page 35: The Led Power Status Indicator
Return the old battery to EXFO for recycling. Immediately, (same day) plug the CableSHARK into the mains so that the battery will be charged. The power LED should be green at this time. Charge the unit until fully charged.
Page 36 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 37: General Operating Instructions
“MAIN MENU” after a brief self-test sequence. The Self-test sequence will take less than 60 seconds to complete (typically 30 seconds). Note: All test leads can be purchased from EXFO. These twisted pair cables have been manufactured to ensure maximum protection against radio frequency and electromagnetic radiation. If any of the cables used with the CableSHARK become lost or broken, please contact EXFO or your local representative for replacements.
Page 38: Connecting The Cableshark To The Line
5.2 Connecting the CableSHARK to the Line The CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier is used to qualify copper telco cable of the local loop to see if it is suitable to carry Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) technologies. The CableSHARK can be configured to perform Single-Ended (one unit) and End-to-End (two units) tests.
Page 39: Single-Ended Testing
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 5.2.2 Single-Ended Testing The CableSHARK can perform Single-Ended tests on a copper telco cable to see if the line can carry DSL technologies such as ADSL2+, SHDSL, and VDSL. Frequency Response (Single-Ended selected), Time Domain Reflectometry, Digital MultiMeter, Power Spectral Density and Impulse Noise tests are examples of single-ended tests with the CableSHARK.
Page 40: End-To-End Testing
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier Copyright Consultronics Limited 2000 - 2006 Software Version 3.86 13:16:20 CABLE AUTO AUTO TESTS TESTS SETUP STOP CableSHARK DSLAM Figure 5.2.2A - Examples of Circuit where Single Ended Measurements can be used 5.2.3 End-to-End Testing...
Page 41: Saving And Recalling Results
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 5.2.4A- Example of High Voltage Detection Screen 5.3 Saving and Recalling Results Test results can be saved to and recalled from the CableSHARK’s non-volatile internal memory in addition to an optional USB Memory. A user can save up to 128 results into internal memory and over 1000 results to a 16 Mbyte USB Memory.
Page 42 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 1003 1502 2001 Attenuation = 38.10 dB Press to move cursor Cursor Position = 1263.56 kHz Single end frequency response test complete. (for 3995 ft) Enter value using keypad. Use <- -> to move cursor. SHOW ENTER SAVE/...
Page 43: Recalling Results
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 5.3.2 Recalling Results From the Main Menu, a user can recall results that have been saved to the CableSHARK’s non-volatile internal memory or from optional USB Memory. Press the function key on the Main Menu corresponding to RECALL RESULTS.
Page 44 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier RECALL SESSION Noise (MEM) APR 17, 2001 14:29:06 Noise (MEM) APR 17, 2001 14:29:06 Noise TEST0.NSD TEST0NSD (USB) APR 19, 2001 09:11:54 Noise TEST1.NSD COPY/ DELETE SHOW MAIN RECALL RENAME ON/OFF MENU Figure 5.3.2B- Recall Screen: Sort By Test To view all saved results at this point, press the function key associated with SHOW ALL.
Page 45: Renaming And Deleting Results
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 5.3.3 Renaming and Deleting Results The CableSHARK will allow a user to rename and delete results stored internally and on a USB memory device. By pressing the COPY/RENAME button from the RECALL SETUP screen, users can rename a file.
Page 46: Comparing A Result To A Reference Mask
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier RECALL SESSION ALL (MEM) APR 16, 2001 08:15:36 TDR (MEM) APR 16, 2001 08:15:36 TDR TEST0.TDR TEST0.TDR (MEM) APR 17, 2001 14:29:06 Noise TEST0.NSD (USB) APR 19, 2001 09:11:54 Noise TEST1.NSD (USB) APR 19, 2001 10:09:01 FR 1234-5.FRQ COPY/ DELETE...
Page 47 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 1003 1502 2001 Attenuation = 38.10 dB Press to move cursor Cursor Position = 1263.56 kHz Single end frequency response test complete. (for 3995 ft) SHOW SAVE/ ZOOM IN...
Page 48 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier (MEM) APR 17, 2001 14:29:06 Noise TEST0.NSD Select a session using the arrow keys SHOW MAIN PREVIOUS SCREEN MENU Figure 5.4.1B – Select A Reference Mask...
Page 49 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 REFERENCE MASK level 60.0 60.0 shown to the right of the Test Result 80.0 80.0 Level 1003 1502 2001 Attenuation = 38.10 dB / 18.42 dB Press to move cursor Cursor Position = 1263.56 kHz Single end frequency response test complete.
Page 50: Industry Standard Test Loops
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 5.5 Industry Standard Test Loops ADSL, HDSL, and ISDN modems are generally designed to operate on Industry Standard Test Loops. It is quite possible to have a real local loop, which is shorter (distance) than one of the various test loops (see Appendix A - Ideal Cable Results) and not have error free transmission.
Page 51: Main Menu
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 6 Main Menu Once the unit is powered on and the self-test sequence has been completed, the Main Menu will appear on the screen. At the bottom of the screen, various commands associated with the units’ various function buttons are located.
Page 52 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Allows access to the individual Automatic tests available on the CableSHARK. AUTO TESTS VF AUTO POTS: Performs an automatic test on an active POTS circuit VF AUTO NO POTS: Designed for testing a circuit for POTS capabilities but is not currently provisioned for POTS or there is no POTS service currently on the line.
Page 53 CableSHARK P3 User Guide The function button associated with RECALL RESULTS invokes the RECALL RECALL RESULTS SETUP screen, allowing users to recall saved results found in non-volatile RAM or on a PC Memory card. Selecting the function button displaying a wrench calls up the SYSTEM SETUP...
Page 54: The Cable Test Menu
SPECTRAL DETECTIVE RETURN LOSS SHDSL RESISTANCE FAULT LOCATOR K-TEST 4 WIRE XTALK CableSHARK P3 ISOLATION GROUND RESISTANCE VF TESTS RINGER DETECTION Co pyri gh t C o nsu ltron ic s L im ited 20 00 - 2 00 6 So ftw are Versi on 3.86...
Page 55 CableSHARK P3 User Guide MAIN MENU CABLE T ESTS DIGITAL MULTIMETER TESTS AUTOTEST-14 (V,R,C,I) AUTOTEST-14 (V,R,C,I) AUTOTEST-12 (V,R,C) FREQUENCY RESPONSE VOLTAGE RESISTANCE CAPACITANCE (C) NOISE CURRENT LONGITUDINAL BALANCE LOAD COIL SPECTRAL DETECTIVE RETURN LOSS SHDSL RESISTANCE FAULT LOCATOR K-TEST 4 WIRE XTALK...
Page 56 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Time Domain Reflectometry - Selecting TDR from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu TDR: invokes the TDR SETUP menu. The TDR determines if the copper cable is suitable to carry DSL technologies by locating potential faults along the line such as a bridge tap or end of cable.
Page 57 CableSHARK P3 User Guide The function button associated with RESISTANCE FAULT LOCATOR invokes the RESISTANCE RFL SETUP screen. This test allows users to determine the distance to a short, FAULT LOCATOR: ground or battery cross by using a separate good pair to evaluate the faulty pair against.
Page 58: Responder Mode
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 6.2 Responder Mode Selecting RESPOND. MODE from the Main Menu invokes the REMOTE RESPONDER mode. This is used for End-to-End tests where the unit that has the RESPOND. MODE activated will only transmit signals to a Receiving unit.
Page 59: Recall Results
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 6.3 Recall Results Selecting RECALL RESULTS from the Main Menu invokes the RECALL SETUP screen. Users can recall saved results from non-volatile memory or from USB memory. See Section 5.3.2 for more information. 6.4 The System Setup Menu...
Page 60 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier return to the Main Menu. To change the Time setting, use the Arrow Keys to move the cursor so that the current Time: Time value is highlighted. Use the Alphanumeric Keypad to enter the desired value. The format is hhmmss meaning 2 digit hour (24 hour clock) followed by the 2 digit minute and then followed by seconds (2 digits).
Page 61 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Allows the user to specify the length of time after the last key press that the unit will Auto Shut Off automatically turn off to conserve the battery. Available options are 0 (continuous (min): operation) up to 60 minutes in 1 minute increments. Press ENTER when the value is correctly entered to save your changes.
Page 62 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier being placed in. Contact your IT department for an IP address to use. If the External Capacitance Detection parameter is YES the cable length is estimated External Cap. taking into account the external capacitance. If the External Capacitance Detection Detection: parameter is NO the cable length is estimated using the actual readings.
Page 63 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Unit Serial Number: CSK3xxxx 20010423 Install New Key: xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx VIEW INSTALL MAIN DETAIL NEW KEY MENU Figure 6.4B – The Options Menu To install a new option, a special software key needs to be input by pressing the INSTALL NEW KEY button.
Page 64 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 65: Quick Start Guide To Cableshark Tests
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 7 Quick Start Guide to CableSHARK Tests 7.1 Introduction xDSL implementation can be affected by signal attenuation, signal cancellation due to reflections caused by bridge taps, crosstalk noise, impulse noise and random electrical noise from the environment. To qualify a circuit for an xDSL application, or when a circuit has a problem with the cable impairments, CableSHARK allows the user to perform various tests for the cable qualification or troubleshooting purposes.
Page 66: Manual Tdr Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Press the RUN / STOP button located on the front of the unit to initiate the TDR test. Once the AUTO TDR finds any valid reflection, up to four reflections could be plotted on screen. The TDR test will automatically place the cursor at the initial rising slope (leading edge) of a major reflection.
Page 67: Frequency Response Tests
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.3 Frequency Response Tests The Frequency Response test is used to indicate the frequency response of the twisted copper pair cable. Frequency Response test can be run End-to-End or Single-Ended; both are explained in Section 7.3.1 and 7.3.2.
Page 68: Adsl Data Rate Prediction (Dmt) Tests
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier for all CableSHARK end-to-end tests. Press the function button associated with Main Menu to exit out of the Remote Responder mode. Setting up the Receive (Rx) unit From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1). Choose Frequency Response from the pop-up menu.
Page 69: Single-Ended Dmt Test (Optional)
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.4.1 Single-Ended DMT Test (Optional) Note: This is a Single-Ended test The Single-Ended DMT Test is a predictive test where the results display are extrapolated from measured results obtain before graphing. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1).
Page 70: Noise Tests
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The Rx unit will calibrate itself first and then try to synchronize with Tx unit. Once both units are synchronized, the test will be carried out. The whole process is automatic. When a test is completed, the CableSHARK’s large graphical display will show the results of the DMT test.
Page 71: Load Coil Detection Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1). Choose LONGITUDINAL BALANCE from the pop-up menu. Test Type is Long Bal Near End, and set Term Impedance as required. Press the RUN / STOP button to start the Longitudinal Balance Test. When a test is completed, the CableSHARK will display the longitudinal balance characteristics of the cable.
Page 72: Spectral Detective
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier To repeat the test, press the RUN/STOP button. You can also change option settings if you wish by pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP. 7.8 Spectral Detective Note: This is an optional Single-Ended test. The CableSHARK’s Spectral Detective is a PSD noise test that uses a high impedance bridge to measure an active circuits PSD to ensure it meets with spectral compatibility guidelines.
Page 73: Return Loss
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.10 Return Loss Note: This is a Single-ended test. The Return Loss measurement is useful in determining the affect of impedance mismatches. From the Main Menu, select CABLE TESTS (function button F1) Choose RETURN LOSS from the pop-up menu.
Page 74: Isolation Test Or Stress Leakage Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Press the RUN / STOP button to start the test. The results will be displayed on screen in an easy to understand format. Users will be able to a plot of the effects of crosstalk. To repeat the test, press the RUN/STOP button.
Page 75: Shdsl Auto Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 7.14A – ADSL Auto Test Results 7.15 SHDSL Auto Test Note: This is a Single-ended test. The SHDSL Auto test quickly evaluates a cable to see if it is acceptable for SHDSL based on pre-defined PASS / FAIL criteria.
Page 76: Vf Auto Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Figure 7.15A – SHDSL Auto Test Results 7.16 VF Auto Test Note: This is a Single-ended test. The VF Auto test quickly evaluates a cable to see if it is acceptable for voice frequencies based on pre- defined PASS / FAIL criteria.
Page 77: Ground Resistance Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Figure 7.16A – VF Auto Test Results 7.17 Ground Resistance Test Note: This is a Single-ended test. The CableSHARK’s Ground Resistance (also known as Station Ground) test allows technicians to verify that correct grounding rules are being followed at the location under test. An adequate station ground and...
Page 78: Resistance Fault Locator (Rfl)
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 7.18 Resistance Fault Locator (RFL) Resistance Fault Locator (RFL) testing is a powerful measurement that is able to locate shorts between tip to ring, tip to ground or ring to ground. These faults can be called shorts, grounds or crosses. The RFL measurement used by the CableSHARK is referred to as a “separate good pair”...
Page 79: Ringer Detection
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 7.20 Ringer Detection The CableSHARK Ringer Detection Test measures the Ringer Equivalency Number (REN) of a circuit. The REN is impacted most by telephones and modems connected to the circuit. The Service Provider will only be able to supply enough current to the user to support 5.0 REN.
Page 80 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 81: In Depth Guide To Cable Testing With The Cableshark
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 8 In Depth Guide to Cable Testing with the CableSHARK The following sections describe the measurements that the CableSHARK is capable of performing. Some measurements will be optional based on the CableSHARK software package installed, therefore may not be applicable to your unit.
Page 82 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Test Type : END TO END RX Result Scaling : ADSL - 2208 kHz Term Impedance : 100 OHMS WARNING Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set.
Page 83 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Allows the user to specify the maximum capacitive length imbalance between T-G MAX. CAP. and R-G. The default setting is 10%. Setting of Imbalance can be from 0.1% to 100% IMBALANCE where 100% is the worst case scenario. If the imbalance is greater than the user...
Page 84 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Here are some examples of typical VOP values for various telephone cables, given for insulation type and wire gauge / size. : Pulp Jelly Filled AWG 22 0.6 mm VOP = 0.68 (102 m/μs) AWG 19 0.9 mm VOP = 0.68 (102 m/μs) AWG 24 0.5 mm VOP = 0.67 (100 m/μs)
Page 85 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Allows the user to specify the cable’s capacitance constant. See Appendix B for CAPACITANCE more information on loop characteristics. nF/mi or nF/km: Allows the user to specify the cable’s resistance constant. See Appendix B for more RESISTANCE information on loop characteristics.
Page 86: Running A Frequency Response Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.1.2 Running a Frequency Response Test Once the test is set up, press the RUN/STOP key located on the front panel of the CableSHARK. A screen similar to Figure 8.1.2A will appear. The layout of the screen shows a graphic and numeric representation of the information received by the CableSHARK.
Page 87 CableSHARK P3 User Guide command selection at the bottom of the Frequency Response Test screen consists of seven options available to the operator. The following are brief descriptions of each of the function button options: Pressing the function button corresponding to SHOW REF allows a user to overlay a SHOW REF REFERENCE MASK over the test result on screen to compare the two.
Page 88: Examples Of Frequency Response Test Results
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Select the function button corresponding to MAIN MENU to return to the Main Menu. MAIN MENU 8.1.3 Examples of Frequency Response Test Results 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 80.0...
Page 89: Time Domain Reflectometry Testing
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.2 Time Domain Reflectometry Testing Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) allows the user of the CableSHARK to easily identify faults (if any) along a given section of cable. Results can be displayed in feet, meters, or nanoseconds. This test is extremely useful in locating bridge taps (multiple appearances) and the end of the cable.
Page 90 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.2.1A – M TDR T IGURE ANUAL ETUP The TDR Test Setup menu has several options that appear at the upper part of the screen (see the previous illustration). The parameters can be modified to customize a TDR Test. The following describes the TDR test setup options: This option can be set to AUTO –...
Page 91 CableSHARK P3 User Guide The horizontal units on the graph once the test is run can be displayed in FEET, HORIZONTAL METERS, or in NANOSECONDS. The initial setting is reflective of the selected UNITS: option under Measurement Units under System Setup.
Page 92 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier and Sine full wave. A Square wave is useful for detecting impairments close to a user. A Sine Half wave and a Sine compensated (50% and 75%) wave are useful for mid- range faults. A Sine full wave pulse is excellent for locating impairments up to 20,000 ft away from the user.
Page 93 CableSHARK P3 User Guide The following are brief descriptions of each of the function button options: Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu EDIT/SELECT wherein a desired parameter can be highlighted by using the Cursor Pad UP/DOWN arrow buttons and/or the function buttons corresponding to PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN (should they exist).
Page 94 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier VOP = 0.66 (99 m/μs) VOP = 0.67 (100 m/μs Polypropylene Teflon Pulse Width Vs. Test Distance Assuming a V.O.P. of 66% Pulse Width Maximum Range 100 ns 50 ft / 16 m to 2000 ft / 660 m 1 μs 400 ft / 120 m to 6000 ft / 2000 m 6 μs...
Page 95: Manual Tdr Testing
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Once the test is set up, press the RUN / STOP key located on the front panel of the CableSHARK to start the test. Another screen will appear indicating to the user that the TDR test has been started. When a TDR test is complete, the test result is displayed on the screen.
Page 96 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier A message of "TDR test complete. Use the cursor and marker to determine reflection location." is displayed if no significant reflection can be automatically found after a pulse is sent. If the CableSHARK has successfully found any reflections, it will place the cursor onto the first reflection and adjust the Graph Scale automatically if necessary so that the first reflection is within the display screen.
Page 97 CableSHARK P3 User Guide options, press the function button associated with MORE. Enables continuous TDR pulses to be transmitted and reflections measured. AUTO REPEAT When AUTO REPEAT is enabled, the following options are shown: The scale of the graph can be displayed in feet, meters or nanoseconds by...
Page 98 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier two. See Section 5.4 for more information about the REFERENCE MASK feature. NOTE: When using REFERENCE MASKS for the TDR, ensure that the loop lengths of the REFERENCE MASKS and the result on screen are similar or the resultant graph may be difficult to interpret Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory.
Page 99: Testing Cables With The Manual Tdr
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.2.2.1 Testing Cables with the Manual TDR Figure 8.2.2.1A shows an example of a MANUAL TDR test result on a 2000-ft cable with an open cable end, with the correct VOP setting and proper pulse width selected. The large pulse near 0 distance is the sent pulse, the reflected pulse near 2000 ft is the reflection coming from the open end of the cable.
Page 100 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 1.000 0.750 0.500 0.250 0.000 -0.250 -0.500 -0.750 -1.000 1250.0 2500.0 3750.0 5000.0 Cursor position = Cursor position = 1998.7 Pulse Width: 300 ns Marker position = Cursor / Marker Delta = 1998.7 Press to move cursor Reflections at ft(dBRL): 1998.7 (33.8+) ZOOM IN ZOOM IN...
Page 101: Auto Tdr Testing
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 1.000 0.750 0.500 0.250 0.000 -0.250 -0.500 -0.750 -1.000 1250.0 2500.0 3750.0 5000.0 Cursor position = Cursor position = 2500.0 Pulse Width: 900 ns Marker position = 2195.3 Cursor / Marker Delta = 304.7 Press to move cursor Reflections at ft(dBRL): 2195.3 (24.2-), 2500.0 (32.1+)
Page 102: Tdr Application Hints
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The information about all the reflections found by the AUTO TDR test is shown on the status line in the format of "Reflections at distance (dBRL +/-): ...", where distance will be in feet or meters or nanoseconds as selected.
Page 103: Reflection Polarity
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 800ns and look for any impairments up to 5000ft (1520m), and so on, until the cable end is found or the test is completed. Wider pulse widths makes it easier to detect small faults on the cable or faults located at a farther distance.
Page 104: How To Determine The Vop Of A Cable
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.2.4.6 How to Determine the VOP of a Cable Calculating the Correct VOP The exact VOP of a cable of known-length can be determined with the CableSHARK by running a successful TDR test and reading the time (in ns) between the sent pulse and the reflection pulse from the end of the cable, regardless of whatever the VOP setting is for the TDR test.
Page 105: Adsl Data Rate Prediction (Adsl, Adsl2, Adsl2+) Measurements
The DMT test or ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+ Data Rate Prediction tests are unique in that they are independent of any modem or line coding being carried on the line. This makes the EXFO CableSHARK ideally suited for use in qualifying any twisted copper pair lines in the local loop to carry DSL technologies.
Page 106 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Test Type : ADSL End-to-End DSL Evaluation: ANSI FULL RATE/POTS DMT Noise Margin dB: DMT Bits per Bin: Rx Test Resolution: COARSE Term Impedance: 100 OHMS WARNING Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set.
Page 107 CableSHARK P3 User Guide ADSL2+ FROM CUSTOMER (was ADSL2+ CPE) means the CableSHARK is emulating an ADSL2+ CPE device ADSL2+ FROM CO/EXCH means the CableSHARK is emulating an ADSL2+ DSLAM Six options are available when ADSL FROM CUSTOMER or ADSL FROM...
Page 108 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier If the TEST TYPE is set to SINGLE END, the following additional parameters appear. Allows the user to specify the maximum capacitive length imbalance between T-G MAX. CAP. and R-G. The default setting is 10%. Setting of Imbalance can be from 0.1% to 100% IMBALANCE where 100% is the worst case scenario.
Page 109 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Allows the user to specify the cable’s capacitance constant. See Appendix B for CAPACITANCE more information on loop characteristics. MI OR N Allows the user to specify the cable’s resistance constant. See Appendix B for more RESISTANCE information on loop characteristics.
Page 110: Running An Adsl Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The following are brief descriptions of each of the function button options: Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu EDIT/SELECT wherein a desired parameter can be highlighted by using the Cursor Pad UP/DOWN arrow buttons and/or the function buttons corresponding to PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN (should they exist).
Page 111 CableSHARK P3 User Guide For SINGLE END tests, the CableSHARK will first determine the length of the cable (up to the first major impairment which could be the end of the cable), then perform a noise test, attenuation test, and determine the bits/bin for ADSL upstream and downstream parameters.
Page 112 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier noise floor on potential data rate. A 'bit/bin' graph showing a relatively filled in box will indicate a cable that is capable of transmitting / receiving at very high data rates. Use the Cursor Pad LEFT/RIGHT arrow keys to move the cursor from left to right and back on the screen. The cursor position indicates Cursor Tone, Cursor Frequency, Tone Level, Noise Level, and number of bits/bin, etc..
Page 113: Adsl2 And Adsl2+ Data Rate Prediction
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory. Choosing UPLOAD RESULT from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu sends the...
Page 114 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Press the RUN / STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the test. Figure 8.3.3A shows an example of the results obtained from an ADSL2+ Test EXTR APOL AT ED ADSL2+ ITU Ann ex A/POTS R AT ES DMT TEST RESULT dBm/to ne dBm/H z...
Page 115: Example Of A Adsl2 Atu-C (Downstream) Mask (Non-Overlapped Spectrum)
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Example of a ADSL2 ATU-C (downstream) mask (non-overlapped spectrum) Example of a ADSL2 ATU-R (downstream) mask (non-overlapped spectrum)
Page 116: Example Of A Adsl2+ Atu-C (Downstream) Mask (Non-Overlapped Spectrum)
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Example of a ADSL2+ ATU-C (downstream) mask (non-overlapped spectrum) –18 dB/octave PSD in –36.5 dBm/Hz peak PSD dBm/Hz –3 dB/octave –65 dB/octave 36 dB/octave –100 dBm/Hz peak PSD –78 dB/octave 4.63 dB/octave in 10 kHz window –46.5 dBm/Hz peak PSD –97.5 peak...
Page 117: Cpe Modem Detection And Dslam Detection
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.3.4 CPE Modem Detection and DSLAM Detection The CableSHARK’s DMT test will automatically determine if there is a CPE modem or DSLAM connected to the far end of the circuit and will use the training frequency patterns as described by ANSI T1.413 to predict the expected data rate of the circuit.
Page 118: Dmt Test Application Hints
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.3.5 DMT Test Application Hints Single-Ended DMT test results provide EXTRAPOLATED data rates only! The DMT test can be used to analyze the problem in which a pair of ADSL modems or an ADSL service fails with the cable.
Page 119: Setting Up A Noise Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.4.1 Setting up a Noise Test From the Main Menu, pressing Function button F1 (CABLE TESTS) will bring the user to the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Choose NOISE to invoke the NOISE TEST SETUP menu. The sections that follow will explain the operation as each of the control keys is pressed and their respective screens appear.
Page 120 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Test Type : NOISE PSD Next/Fext 6.0 MHz Term Impedance : 100 OHMS Measurement Units: WARNING Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT MAIN...
Page 121 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Test Type : IMPULSE NOISE Term Impedance : 100 OHMS Termination: TERMINATED Noise Filter : NO FILTER Imp Nse Threshold: Measurement Units: Imp Nse Meas Time: 1 Minute WARNING Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C.
Page 122 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Test Type : IMPULSE HISTOGRAM Term Impedance : 100 OHMS Termination: TERMINATED Noise Filter : NO FILTER Imp Nse Threshold: Measurement Units: Plot Interval: 1 Minute Meas Time (Hour): WARNING Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set.
Page 123 CableSHARK P3 User Guide End) not to reflect back any test signals or unnecessarily attenuate the test signal. The options are 100 ohms, 135 ohms, and AUTO (older hardware will still show 120 and 150 ohms). For single-ended tests, the AUTO impedance setting is recommended because it gives better accuracy by measuring the cable and selecting the most appropriate attenuation.
Page 124: Running A Noise Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Allows the user to specify the maximum test time in hours. MEAS TIME (HOUR): The function button command selection at the bottom of the Noise Test Setup menu consists of five options available to the operator. The first three options (EDIT/SELECT, SELECT PREVIOUS, SELECT NEXT) enable the modification of the test parameters (residing near the upper part of the screen).
Page 125 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Press the RUN/STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the test. The RUN/STOP button can be pressed at any time to stop a test that is running. Figure 8.4.2A shows an example of the results obtained from an Impulse Noise Measurement test.
Page 126 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined dBm/Hz -100 -130 -100 0.00 1000 1500 2000 kHz Noise PSD -112.74 dBm/Hz RMS Noise -61.16 dBm Cursor Frq. 1000.5 kHz Impedance 100 ohms Press to move cursor Noise Filter No Filter PEAK ZOOM IN ZOOM IN...
Page 127 CableSHARK P3 User Guide PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined dBm/Hz -100 -130 -100 0.00 1500 3001 4502 6003 kHz Noise PSD -112.74 dBm/Hz RMS Noise -61.16 dBm Cursor Frq. 3001.5 kHz Impedance 100 ohms Press to move cursor Noise Filter No Filter...
Page 128 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined dBm/Hz -100 -130 -100 0.00 1000 1500 2000 kHz Noise PSD -45.12 dBm/Hz RMS Noise -65.5 dBm Cursor Frq. 1152.8 kHz Impedance 100 ohms Press to move cursor Noise Filter No Filter NORMAL ZOOM IN ZOOM IN...
Page 129 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Hits Hits 12:58 13:18 13:28 13:08 NOV21 NOV21 NOV21 NOV21 Impedance (Terminated) 100 ohms Start Time Nov 21, 13:52 Noise Filter Selected No filter Cursor Time Nov 21, 14:04 Impulse Threshold Level -43 dBm Impulse Noise Count...
Page 130 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Choosing SAVE TO MEM from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes SAVE TO MEM the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to internal non-volatile memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes SAVE TO USB the SAVE SESSION menu.
Page 131: Longitudinal Balance Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.5..Longitudinal Balance Test The longitudinal balance test ensures that the twisted pair is balanced. Longitudinal balance ratio is defined in ITU-T Rec. O.9, which is important when it comes to reducing the effects of common-mode voltage to ground.
Page 132: Running A Longitudinal Balance Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The Longitudinal Balance Test Setup menu has several options that appear at the upper part of the screen (see the previous illustration). The parameters can be modified to customize a Longitudinal Balance test. The Longitudinal Balance test setup options are described as follows: LONG BAL NEAR END.
Page 133 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 80.0 80.0 2208 kHz 1117 1662 Balance = 60.2 dB Impedance = 100 ohms Press to move cursor Cursor position = 564.938 kHz Longitudinal Balance test complete. Complies with ANSI T1.413 and G.DMT.
Page 134 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 20.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 60.0 60.0 Good 80.0 80.0 2208 kHz 1117 1662 Balance = 60.2 dB Impedance = 100 ohms Press to move cursor Cursor position = 564.938 kHz Longitudinal Balance test complete. Complies with ANSI T1.413 and G.DMT. SHOW SAVE/ ZOOM IN...
Page 135 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes SAVE TO USB the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information.
Page 136: Load Coil Detection Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.6..Load Coil Detection Test The CableSHARK Load Coil Detection Test can detect if there is any load coil along the line and advise the user to perform an auto or manual TDR test to locate the load coil(s). When running a TDR test, a load coil on the line acts like an open circuit on the line.
Page 137: Running A Load Coil Detection Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Select from either LOAD COIL RX (receiver mode) or LOAD COIL SINGLE END. TEST TYPE: LOAD COIL SINGLE END will plot a results graph up to 10 kHz. If a load coil(s) is found, they will be represented graphically. LOAD COIL RX is an end-to-end test.
Page 138 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Load Coil Detection Test Results: No load coils detected. Load coil detection test complete. SAVE/ TEST MAIN UPLOAD SETUP MENU 8.6.2A - R IGURE ESULTS OF AN ETECTION...
Page 139 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 4000 4000 3000 3000 2000 2000 1000 1000 1000 3200 5400 7600 9800 Hz Impedance = 745 ohms Cursor position = 5390 Hz Press to move cursor Test completed. At least 2 load coils detected. SHOW...
Page 140 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Choosing UPLOAD RESULT from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu sends UPLOAD RESULT the result that appears on the CableSHARK screen (current test or recalled test) to a PC via a NULL modem cable. The remote control program Visi-SHARK can be used to capture and analyze the results on a PC.
Page 141 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes SAVE TO USB the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information.
Page 142: Digital Multimeter (Dmm) Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.7 Digital Multimeter (DMM) Test The CableSHARK’s Digital Multimeter Test or DMM Test can detect AC/DC voltages & current and measure resistance and capacitance on a circuit. Using this test allows technicians to identify whether a line is live (voice line) or not in use (no voltage or current).
Page 143 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Test Type : AUTOTEST-12 (V,R,C) Cable Type: AUTO Test Type : AUTOTEST-14 (V,R,C,I) AUTOTEST-12 AUTOTEST-12 (V,R,C) (V,R,C) VOLTAGE SHORTS METER OPENS METER CURRENT WARNING Please ensure that the test set is connected in parallel with the load. Other connections may result in inaccurate readings.
Page 144 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The AUTOTEST-14 will perform all DMM measurements (V, R, C, I) for all three legs of the circuit (T-R, R- G, T-G) except the Current test which is only tested on T-R. Selecting the AUTOTEST-14 (V,R,C,I) test from the Test Type menu will call up three other menu selections: The CABLE TYPE setting is used to select the appropriate cable type or more CABLE TYPE:...
Page 145 CableSHARK P3 User Guide If the AUTO CABLE TYPE is NOT selected, the following settings are available. These are necessary to provide the user with the most accurate results. Allows the user to specify the cable’s capacitance constant. See Appendix B for CAPACITANCE more information on loop characteristics.
Page 146 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Please check with the cable manufacturer for specific details concerning the cables capacitance constant. The Capacitance Constant is used to calculate the length of the cable based on the Capacitance measurement. The following table lists the most common values.
Page 147 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Selecting the RESISTANCE test from the Test Type menu one further parameter will appear: See Table 8.7.1A for more information. See Appendix B for more information on Resistance loop characteristics. (ohm/mile or ohm/km): Please check with the cable manufacturer for specific details concerning the cables capacitance constant.
Page 148: Running A Dmm Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Pressing the function button corresponding to SELECT PREVIOUS scrolls SELECT PREVIOUS backward through each of the parameters that are available for the highlighted option. Pressing the function button corresponding to SELECT NEXT scrolls forward SELECT NEXT through each of the parameters that are available for the highlighted option.
Page 149 CableSHARK P3 User Guide (T - R) AC RMS Voltage 0 mV 0 Hz DC Voltage 0 mV (T - G) AC RMS Voltage 0 mV 0 Hz DC Voltage 0 mV (R - G) AC RMS Voltage 0 mV...
Page 150 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Pressing the function button (F1) associated with these selections allows the TIP-RING, TIP-GND, user to test between (a) Tip and Ring, (b) Tip and Ground, and (c) Ring and RING-GND Ground. These manual selections are not available for AUTOTEST-14, AUTOTEST-12, or CURRENT (I) tests.
Page 151: 4-Wire Crosstalk Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.8.. 4-Wire Crosstalk Test The CableSHARK’s 4 Wire Crosstalk test or 4 WIRE XTALK Test or Stressed Noise test allows users to measure and observe crosstalk on cable pairs that are currently in use or being provisioned for xDSL. One major impairment for which the 4wire crosstalk measurement is well suited for is for detecting and determining the severity of split pairs.
Page 152 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Test Type : CROSSTALK OR LOOPBACK WARNING Note: telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them, therefore caution should be taken when connecting this test set. EDIT / SELECT MAIN SELECT NEXT MENU 8.8.1A –...
Page 153: Running A 4-Wire Crosstalk Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.8.2 Running a 4-Wire Crosstalk Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them. Press the function button corresponding to the RUN / STOP button on the front of the CableSHARK to initiate the test.
Page 154 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory. Choosing UPLOAD RESULT from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu sends the UPLOAD result that appears on the CableSHARK screen (current test or recalled test) to a RESULT...
Page 155 CableSHARK P3 User Guide SAVE/ TEST MAIN UPLOAD SETUP MENU 8.8.2B - R IGURE ESULTS OF ROSSTALK This test allows a user to continuous monitor the effects of crosstalk at a single frequency (until the RUN/STOP key is pressed) and to adjust the frequency by using the UP and DOWN ARROW keys (from...
Page 156: Isolation Resistance Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.9 Isolation Resistance Test The CableSHARK’s Isolation Resistance Test allows users to generate a high voltage onto the copper pair to measure the isolation between tip and ring, between two pairs, and from tip or ring to ground. The measured resistance of the fault is displayed.
Page 157: Running An Isolation Resistance Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The Isolation Resistance test setup options are described as follows: The user can specify the “soak” time or the duration of the test in which 100 VDC TEST TIME (SEC): is applied to the circuit. Allowable times are from 1 to 99 seconds.
Page 158 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.9.2A - R IGURE ESULTS OF THE SOLATION TEST Results showing >100 Mohm indicates that there is no chance of isolation break down at the present time. Values less than 25 Mohm means that the circuit may be unstable and therefore potentially unsuitable for xDSL.
Page 159: Loopmapper
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.10 LoopMapper™ LoopMapper™ allows the user of the CableSHARK to easily identify faults (if any) with increased resolution using TDR and FDR. Results can be displayed in feet or meters. This test is extremely useful in locating bridge taps (multiple appearances) and the end of the cable.
Page 160 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The LoopMapper Test Setup menu has two options that appear at the upper part of the screen (see the previous illustration). The parameters can be modified to customize a LoopMapper Test. The following describes the LoopMapper test setup options: Velocity of Propagation sets at what velocity the pulse travels along the wire.
Page 161: Loopmapper Testing
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Wire Gauge Vs. V.O.P. Here are some examples of typical VOP values for various telephone cables, given for insulation type and wire gauge / size. : Pulp AWG 22 0.6 mm VOP = 0.68 (102 m/μs) AWG 24 0.5 mm...
Page 162 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.10.2A - R IGURE UNNING A APPER The layout of the screen shows a graphic and numeric representation of the information received by the CableSHARK. The graphs’ vertical scale depicts a relative scale where 0 to +1 indicates that a discontinuity was found whose impedance differs from the characteristic impedance of the tested cable.
Page 163 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.10.2 – C ABLE ABLE EFLECTED NGLE Reflected Angle Fault Type Open Circuit 0° Short Circuit, origin of Bridge Tap 180° To start another test with the same conditions, the user should simply press the RUN/STOP key.
Page 164: Testing Cables With The Loopmapper
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE TO SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. The remainder of the buttons are as follows: The function button corresponding to PREVIOUS MENU takes the user to PREVIOUS MENU...
Page 165 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.10.2.1A - R IGURE UNNING A APPER EST WITH THE ABLE Figure 8.10.2.1B shows a LoopMapper test result on the same cable of Figure 8.10.2.1A with the cable end shorted. Even though both images look similar, please note that now the angle at the reflected point is 180°.
Page 166 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.10.2.1B - R IGURE UNNING A APPER EST WITH THE ABLE HORTED Figure 8.10.2.1C shows the LoopMapper test result on a cable with a bridged tap. Please note that the angle at the reflected point is 180°, confirming the existence of a Bridge Tap. The Bridge Tap condition is automatically detected and presented by the CableSHARK at the bottom of the screen.
Page 167 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.10.2.1C - R IGURE UNNING A OOPMAPPER EST WITH A ABLE AND RIDGE RANCH Note: When using the LoopMapper test, be sure to use the CableSHARK’s zoom function to amplify the result. Often, the reflected pulse is difficult to see, so by using the vertical/horizontal zoom function, the faults...
Page 168: Automatic Testing
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.11 Automatic Testing The CableSHARK is capable of performing automatic testing for ADSL, SHDSL and Voice Frequency (VF) pre-qualification, installation and maintenance. The CableSHARK’s ADSL AUTO, SHDSL AUTO and VF AUTO tests feature a range of difference tests that compare measured results against stored threshold for PASS / FAIL results to the user.
Page 169 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.11.1.1A – ADSL AUTO TEST S IGURE ETUP 8.11.1.1B – ADSL2 AUTO TEST S IGURE ETUP...
Page 170 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 8.11.1.1C – ADSL2+ AUTO TEST S IGURE ETUP The options at the bottom of the ADSL AUTO TESTS SETUP screen represent the following: Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu EDIT/SELECT wherein a desired parameter can be highlighted by using the Cursor Pad UP/DOWN arrow buttons and/or the function buttons corresponding to PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN (should they exist).
Page 171: Shdsl Auto Test Setup
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.11.1.2 SHDSL Auto Test Setup From the Auto Test Setup screen, pressing the F6 button will activate the SHDSL Auto Test Setup screen. The SHDSL Auto Test setup screen allows you to configure the PASS/FAIL criteria for the SHDSL Auto Test.
Page 172: Vf Auto Test Setup
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Pressing the function button corresponding to SELECT NEXT scrolls forward SELECT NEXT through each of the parameters that are available for the highlighted option. Sets the ADSL AUTO TEST parameters to their factory defaults. DEFAULT VALUES Allows the user to setup the ADSL Auto Test ADSL SETUP Allows the user to setup the VF Auto Test.
Page 173 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 8.11.1.3A – VF POTS AUTO TEST S IGURE ETUP 8.11.1.3B – VF NO POTS AUTO TEST S IGURE ETUP The options at the bottom of the VF AUTO TESTS SETUP screens represent the following: Pressing the function button corresponding to EDIT/SELECT invokes a menu...
Page 174 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Name: Tel. Number DATU 4165551212 milliwatt source milliwatt source 18005551212 18005551212 EDIT/ DELETE CABLE MAIN SELECT RECORD TESTS MENU 8.11.1.3C – P IGURE HONE • Pressing the EDIT/SELECT key allows a user to modify a highlighted name/number •...
Page 175: Running An Adsl, Adsl2 Or Adsl2+ Auto Test
NOTE: ADSL, ADSL2 or ADSL2+ AUTO Test will only be available if the SINGLE END DMT option has been purchased. Please contact your local EXFO representative for further information and to purchase this option. NOTE: Please review the setup for each test by going to that tests setup menu before continuing with the Auto-Test.
Page 176 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Load Coil Length(TDR) Longitudinal Balance Balance at 1kHz Capacitance Imbalance ADSL Upstream Rate = 896 kbps Passed ADSL Downstream Rate = 7264 kbps Passed Disturber ID = undetermined Passed End of cable detected at 8434 ft. dBRL = 68.4+ VIEW SAVE / MAIN...
Page 177 CableSHARK P3 User Guide DMM: Passed Load Coil 3 found Failed Length 2999 ft Longitudinal Balance Skipped Balance at 1 Khz Capacitive Imbalance ADSL Downstream Rate Skipped ADSL Upstream Rate Skipped Disturbed ID Undetermined Failed Cable length: 2999 ft. dBRL = 40.5+ Load coil or splitter detected...
Page 178: Running A Vf Auto Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The remainder of the buttons are as follows: This function allows users to view the pass/fail thresholds used for the automatic VIEW SETUP tests. Pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP activates the AUTO Test TEST SETUP Setup menu.
Page 179 CableSHARK P3 User Guide DMM: Passed Load Coil: none found Passed Length (TDR): Balance at 1 kHz Dialing: 4165551212 POTS Test Complete (DATU) Loss 6.6 dB Passed Frequency 1.004 kHz C-Msg Noise -24.2 dBrnC Passed PI C-Msg. 51.8 dBrnC Passed...
Page 180: Running An Shdsl Auto Test
NOTE: SHDSL AUTO Test will only be available if the SHDSL option has been purchased. Please contact your local EXFO representative for further information and to purchase this option. NOTE: The Automatic tests use the currently set parameters for the tests it runs. Please review the setup for each test by going to that tests setup menu before continuing with the Auto-Test.
Page 181 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Load Coil Length(TDR) Longitudinal Balance Balance at 1kHz Capacitance Imbalance 2312 kbps Passed SHDSL Data Rate undetermined Disturber ID = Passed End of cable detected at 8434 ft. dBRL = 68.4+ VIEW SAVE / MAIN DETAIL...
Page 182 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Passed DMM: 3 found Failed Load Coil Length 2999 f t Skipped Longitudinal Balance Balance at 1 Khz Capacitive Imbalance SHDSL Data Rate Skipped Disturbed ID Undetermined Failed Cable length: 2999 ft. dBRL = 40.5+ Load coil or splitter detected VIEW SAVE / MAIN...
Page 183 CableSHARK P3 User Guide The remainder of the buttons are as follows: This function allows users to view the pass/fail thresholds used for the automatic tests. VIEW SETUP Pressing the function button associated with TEST SETUP activates the AUTO Test TEST SETUP Setup menu.
Page 184 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 185: Spectral Detective
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 9 Spectral Detective The CableSHARK’s Spectral Detective test allows user to bridge onto a live circuit to measure the Power Spectral Density Noise of the line. The Spectral Detective measures up to 2.2 MHz (or optional 6 MHz) so users will be able to characterize loops utilizing ISDN, T1 / 2 MBIT/S (E1), HDSL, HDSL2, ADSL, G.SHDSL,...
Page 186: Spectral
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier This option can be ordered from EXFO. A special alphanumeric software key will be sent to the purchaser based upon each CableSHARK’s unique serial number. To determine the options currently installed in the CableSHARK or to view the units unique serial number, go to SYSTEM SETUP and select the OPTIONS function key (see Section 6.4).
Page 187: Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The options are ISDN E Filter, HSDL F Filter, ADSL G Filter and NONE. NONE is NOISE FILTER: the most ideal selection since it gives the user an unbiased analysis of the results. If the E, F, or G filters are enabled, the Disturber Identification is turned off as the analysis of the available bandwidth is limited.
Page 188 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier PROBABLE SIGNAL - T1 / E1 dBm/Hz -3.3 30.0 -33.3 -63.3 -30.0 -93.3 -60.0 -123.3 -90.0 -153.3 -120.0 0.00 1104 1656 2208 kHz Noise PSD -45.65 dBm/Hz RMS Noise 12.67 dBm Cursor Frq. 1000.500 kHz Impedance Bridging Noise Filter...
Page 189 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes SAVE TO USB the SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to external USB memory. See Section 5.3 for more information.
Page 190 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier PROBABLE SIGNAL - undetermined dBm/Hz -100 -130 -100 0.00 1104 1656 2208 kHz -45.12 dBm/Hz RMS Noise -65.5 dBm Cursor Frq. 1152.8 kHz Impedance Bridging Press to move cursor Noise Filter No Filter NORMAL ZOOM IN ZOOM IN FREEZE MAIN...
Page 191 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 9.2 Spectral Detective Samples The following figures show examples of broadband technology disturbers. PROBABLE SIGNAL - T1 / 2 Mbit/s (E1) PROBABLE SIGNAL - ISDN dBm/Hz dBm/Hz -100 -100 -130 -100 -130 -100 0.00 1104 1656 2208 kHz 0.00...
Page 192 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 193: Return Loss
The Return Loss result is expressed in dB. This option can be ordered from EXFO. A special alphanumeric software key will be sent to the purchaser based upon each CableSHARK’s unique serial number. To determine the options currently installed in the CableSHARK or to view the units unique serial number, go to SYSTEM SETUP and select the OPTIONS function key (see Section 6.4).
Page 194: Running A Return Loss Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The CableSHARK's impedance needs to match the characteristic impedance of TERM IMP: the cable. This causes the CableSHARK at either end of a test (including Single End) not to reflect back any test signals or unnecessarily attenuate the test signal. The options are 100 ohms and 135 ohms (no AUTO option for Return Loss test, older units will show 120 ohms and 150 ohms) 10.1 Running a Return Loss Test...
Page 195 CableSHARK P3 User Guide The better the return loss, the higher the dB readings resulting from the measurement. 10.0 10.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 30.0 40.0 40.0 50.0 50.0 Good 60.0 60.0 2208 kHz 1113 1660 Level = 29.3 dB Impedance = 100 ohms...
Page 196 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Choosing SAVE TO MEM from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE TO MEM SAVE SESSION menu. From here, the test results can be saved to internal non-volatile memory. See Section 5.3 for more information. Choosing SAVE TO USB from the SAVE / UPLOAD pop-up menu invokes the SAVE TO USB SAVE SESSION menu.
Page 197: Shdsl Data Rate Prediction
The SHDSL test is unique in that it is independent of any modem or line coding being carried on the line. This makes the EXFO CableSHARK ideally suited for use in qualifying any twisted copper pair lines in the local loop to carry xDSL technologies.
Page 198 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Options include ITU-T Annex A and ITU-T Annex B. The SHDSL standards SHDSL reflects two regions – Annex A is for North America and Annex B is for Europe. EVALUATION: There is not a huge difference between the two unless you are looking for a replacement technology for T1 (1.544 Mbps) or E1 (2.048 Mbps).
Page 199: Running Ashdsl Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 11.1..Running a SHDSL Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them. The SHDSL test transmits a shaped signal onto the circuit under test as described by the ITU-T G.991.2 specification.
Page 200 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Pressing the function button corresponding to SHOW REF allows a user to SHOW REF overlay a REFERENCE MASK over the test result on screen to compare the two. See Section 5.4 for more information about the REFERENCE MASK feature.
Page 201: Resistive Fault Location
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 12 Resistive Fault Location 12.1 Resistive Fault Location (RFL) Testing Resistive Fault Location (RFL) testing is a powerful measurement that is able to locate shorts between tip to ring, tip to ground or ring to ground. These faults can be called shorts, grounds or crosses.
Page 202: Setting Up For A Rfl Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The RFL measurement used by the CableSHARK is referred to as a “separate good pair” test. This means the user must have a good pair to compare against. 12.1.1 Setting up for a RFL Test 12.1.1.1 Disconnecting the Station Battery and the Customer Before an RFL test can take place, the circuit that is to be tested must be disconnected from the CO station battery and from the customer.
Page 203: Connecting To A Good Pair
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 2 WIRE RJ45 RJ11 RING LINE Tx / Rx Cable under test BLACK LEAD RED LEAD RING GREEN LEAD 12.1.1.2B – I IGURE NITIAL 12.1.1.3 Connecting to a Good Pair A good pair may be difficult to find especially if it is suspected that an entire cable bundle has been damaged by water.
Page 204: Initial Rfl Testing
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.1.1.5 Initial RFL Testing From the Main Menu, pressing Function button F1 (CABLE TESTS) will bring the user to the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Choosing RESISTIVE FAULT LOCATION (RFL) from the pop-up menu activates the RFL test.
Page 205 CableSHARK P3 User Guide If the pair does not have a fault on it, the CableSHARK will display the following message: CONGRATULATIONS 12.1.1.5A – N IGURE AULT ETECTED If there is a small voltage on the line and there is a resistive fault, this is likely a battery cross situation. The...
Page 206: Connecting The Strap
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier For only resistive faults, the CableSHARK’s RFL test will instruct the user how to attach the strap (see Section 12.1.1.6) at the far end. WARNING Fault found between RING and GROUND. Connect a good pair to Yellow and Blue. Connect far end strap from wire connected to Red to both ends of good pair.
Page 207 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Fault TIP-GROUND or RING-GROUND Good pair Strap Faulty pair 12.1.1.6B – T IGURE ROUND AULT TRAP LACEMENT Battery Cross Fault Good pair Strap Faulty pair 12.1.1.6C – B IGURE ATTERY ROSS TRAP LACEMENT IMPORTANT: Follow the CableSHARK’s instructions for the correct Strap configuration.
Page 208: Setting Up Cable Characteristics
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.1.1.7 Setting up Cable Characteristics The CableSHARK’s RFL test needs to be configured in detail now that the faulty pair and good pairs have been identified and the strap properly attached. The following screen will appear. Yellow Yellow Blue Green...
Page 209: Setup The Rfl Test For Multi-Section Testing
CableSHARK P3 User Guide American Wire Gauge. Allows the user to specify the cable’s resistance constant. See Appendix B for more RESISTENCE information on loop characteristics. PER LENGTH NOTE: When the Cable Type or Temperature changes, this value will automatically change to reflect a new cable type or a lower or higher temperature.
Page 210: Running Arfl Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.2 Running a RFL Test Once the test is set up, press the RUN/STOP key located on the front panel of the CableSHARK. A screen similar to the screen shot below will appear. The user is presented with the loop characteristics as entered during the setup phase as well as results in distance and resistance for the location of the fault.
Page 211 CableSHARK P3 User Guide CableSHARK P3 CableSHARK P3 VF/DSL Cable Qualifier VF/DSL Cable Qualifier Strap Distance from Distance to End to Fault Fault Copyright Consultronics Lim ited 2000 - 2006 Copyright Consultronics Lim ited 2000 - 2006 Software V ersion 3.86 Software V ersion 3.86...
Page 212 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 12.3 RFL Hints The following are useful hints for using the CableSHARK RFL function. Use a strap that is made of 18 AWG (1.0 mm) cable. Strap together the faulty conductor to the good pair. Do not use smaller gauge of wire for the strap as this will have a higher resistance and will affect the measurement.
Page 213 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Table 12.3.1 Loop Resistance @ 68°F or 20°C Wire Gauge Resistance Ω Ω Ω /kft 0.32 PE 0.40 PE 84.4 26 PIC 83.1 0.50 PE 54.5 24 PIC 52.3 0.60 PE 37.5 0.63 PE 34.5 22 PIC 32.9...
Page 214 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier For temperatures in Celsius: - 20°C ) * 0.00393 * R 20°C 20°C Where R = new resistance based on new temperature in Celsius = new temperature = resistance of the cable @ 20°C 20°C 11.
Page 215: Ground Resistance
#3: Grounded source (such as AT&T #5ESS) This option can be ordered from EXFO. A special alphanumeric software key will be sent to the purchaser based upon each CableSHARK’s unique serial number. To determine the options current installed in the CableSHARK or to view the units unique serial number, go to SYSTEM SETUP and select the OPTIONS function key (see Section 6.4).
Page 216 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 2W Line TX/RX Ring Central Office 13.1.1A – G IGURE ROUND ESISTANCE ONNECTION IAGRAM The second configuration is when there is a ground connection. The CableSHARK will tell you user how to attach the cables on screen, to avoid confusion. 2W Line TX/RX Ring...
Page 217: Running A Ground Resistance Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Test Type : GROUND RESISTANCE EDIT / MAIN SELECT MENU 13.1.1C – G IGURE ROUND ESISTANCE ETUP 13.2 Running a Ground Resistance Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C.
Page 218: Constant Voltage Source
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 13.2.1 Constant Voltage Source The CableSHARK will display voltage, loop current, and loop resistance information. Since there is no ground connection, a ground resistance measurement is not given. 13.2.1A – R IGURE ESULT OF EASUREMENT WHEN OURCE IS OLTAGE...
Page 219: Constant Current Source
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 13.2.2 Constant Current Source The CableSHARK will display voltage and loop current. Since there is no ground connection, a ground resistance measurement is not given. 13.2.2A – R IGURE ESULT OF EASUREMENT WHEN OURCE IS URRENT...
Page 220: Voltage Source Plus Ground
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 13.2.3 Voltage Source plus Ground The CableSHARK will display voltage, loop current, loop resistance and ground resistance. 13.2.3A – R IGURE ESULT OF EASUREMENT WHEN OURCE IS OLTAGE...
Page 221: Current Source Plus Ground
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 13.2.4 Current Source plus Ground The CableSHARK will display voltage, loop current, loop resistance and ground resistance. 13.2.4A – R IGURE ESULT OF EASUREMENT WHEN OURCE IS URRENT Resistance values of less than 25 ohms is considered acceptable. Anything over 25 ohms means there is a...
Page 222 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier If the line card is not connected or is not detectable by the CableSHARK, the Ground Resistance test displays the following screen. Line card = not detected SAVE / TEST MAIN UPLOAD SETUP MENU 13.2.4B – L IGURE ETECTED The Ground Resistance measurement is executed in the following fashion.
Page 223 CableSHARK P3 User Guide For the grounded system, the CableSHARK switches the loop current path with the 435 ohm load (currently off hook), from tip-ring to tip-ground. The CableSHARK measure both the ring-ground voltage and the loop current. The Ground Resistance measurement sequence is based on the following assumptions: The ground lead of the instrument is connected reliably to the ground of the CO The standard CO voltage is nominally -48 VDC.
Page 224 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 225: Ringer Detection Testing
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 14 Ringer Detection Testing 14.1 Ringer Detection Testing The CableSHARK is capable of performing a ringer detection test to determine the ringer equivalency number (REN) and capacitiance of T-R, R-G, T-G. Telephone companies define a "ringer equivalency number" (REN) for each device that rings when your telephone number is called.
Page 226: Running A Ringer Detection Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 14.1.1A - S IGURE ETTING P THE INGER ETECTION TEST The Ringer Detection Test Setup menu has the following configuration option. Fixed at Ringer Detection TEST TYPE: 14.2 Running a Ringer Detection Test Use caution when connecting the test set, as telephone cables may have dangerous A.C. or D.C. voltages on them.
Page 227 CableSHARK P3 User Guide of each of the function button options: Pressing the SAVE / UPLOAD button shows a pop-up window where the user is allowed to upload results, and save results to internal memory or to external USB memory.
Page 228 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 229: Vf Testing
The Sending Tone function allows a user to send a single tone or multiple tones to a far end device, be it another CableSHARK or a EXFO Auto-TIMS III Transmission Impairment Measuring Set. The options under the Send Tone umbrella include Spot, Variable, 3 Tone Slope and Tracing Tone.
Page 230 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option. Select SEND TONE TEST TYPE: 600 ohms (or 100, 150 ohms if your unit does not have 600 ohms installed). TERM IMP: Level can be set from –16 dBm to +18 dBm. Use the asterisk key ( * ) to toggle Level (dBm): between minus ( - ) and plus ( + ) symbols.
Page 231: Sending Variable Frequencies
CableSHARK P3 User Guide specified Level as designated in the LEVEL column. Selecting the EDIT/SELECT button will allow the user to modify the LEVEL and the FREQUENCY if desired. 15.1.2 Sending Variable Frequencies To send a Variable frequency, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select SEND TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu.
Page 232 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier With VARIABLE frequency selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test. The following screen will appear. 15.1.2B - R VARIABLE F IGURE UNNING A REQUENCY The VARIABLE frequency screen allows a user to modify what is being transmitted from the CableSHARK. Selecting the EDIT/SELECT button will allow the user to modify the LEVEL and the FREQUENCY if desired.
Page 233: Sending 3 Tone Slope
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.1.3 Sending 3 Tone Slope To send 3 Tone Slope, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select SEND TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. Press RUN/STOP to continue. Test Type :...
Page 234: Sending A Tracing Tone
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier With TX 3 TONE SLOPE selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test. The following screen will appear. 15.1.3B - R IGURE UNNING THE LOPE TEST The TX 3 TONE SLOPE screen shows the tones (frequencies) being transmitted. Selecting the EDIT/SELECT button will allow the user to modify FREQUENCY if desired.
Page 235 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Test Type : SEND TONE SEND TONE Term Impedance: 600 OHMS Level (dBm): Frequency Mode: TRACING TONE EDIT / MAIN SELECT MENU 15.1.4A - S IGURE ETTING P THE RACING The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option.
Page 236: Receive Tone
The Receive Tone function allows a user to measure incoming signals and provides the level and frequency of the signal. The transmitting device could be another CableSHARK or a EXFO Auto-TIMS III Transmission Impairment Measuring Set. The options under the Receive Tone umbrella include Numerical, Graphical, and RX 3 Tone Slope.
Page 237 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Test Type : SEND TONE RECEIVE TONE Term Impedance: 600 OHMS Receiver Mode: NUMERICAL EDIT / MAIN SELECT MENU 15.2.1A - S RX T IGURE ETTING UMERICAL TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option.
Page 238: Graphical Level/Frequency
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 15.2.1B - R RX T IGURE UNNING THE UMERICAL TEST 15.2.2 Graphical Level/Frequency To measure level/frequency graphically, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. To continue, press RUN/STOP.
Page 239 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Test Type : SEND TONE RECEIVE TONE Term Impedance: 600 OHMS Receiver Mode: GRAPHICAL Graph Scale: 300 Hz to 4 kHz EDIT / MAIN SELECT MENU 15.2.2A - S RX T IGURE ETTING RAPHICAL TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option.
Page 240: Rx 3 Tone Slope
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 15.2.2B - R RX T IGURE UNNING THE RAPHICAL TEST The result screen allows a user to graphically see the levels and frequencies that the CableSHARK is receiving (see lower left numerical results for current level/frequency being measured by the CableSHARK. By moving the LEFT/RIGHT and UP/DOWN arrow keys, users can move the cursors on screen to pin-point precise points on screen.
Page 241 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Test Type : SEND TONE RECEIVE TONE Term Impedance: 600 OHMS Receiver Mode: RX 3 TONE SLOPE EDIT / MAIN SELECT MENU 15.2.2A - S RX T IGURE ETTING RAPHICAL TEST The VF TEST menu has the following configuration option.
Page 242 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 15.2.2B - R RX 3 T IGURE UNNING THE LOPE TEST The result screen shows the user the level, frequency, and slope of the incoming signal.
Page 243: Noise Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.3 Noise Test The Noise function allows a user to measure RMS noise on the circuit under test. To measure Noise, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu. To continue, press RUN/STOP.
Page 244 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier With NOISE selected, press the RUN/STOP key to start the test. The following screen will appear. 15.3B - R NOISE IGURE UNNING THE TEST Users can change the measurement units (dBm & dBrnC) and filters by pressing the buttons dBm/dBrnC and Cycle Filter respectively.
Page 245: Impulse Noise Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.4 Impulse Noise Test The Impulse Noise function allows a user to measure Impulse Noise on the circuit under test. To measure Impulse Noise, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu.
Page 246 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Allows user to select from displaying results in dBm or dBrnC. Measurement Units: Allows user to specify the level difference between the low, mid and high Separation (dB) thresholds in dB. 1 to 6 dB is the available range for separation. Allows user to select the test duration.
Page 247: Power Influence
CableSHARK P3 User Guide 15.5 Power Influence The Power Influence test measures the affects that 50 Hz and 60 Hz power line (AC Mains) interference has on the circuit under test. Up to the 9 Harmonic is displayed. To measure Power Influence, select the VF TESTS option from the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu. Select RECEIVE TONE from the VF TESTS sub-menu.
Page 248 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier C-Message noise 87 dBrnC 3 kHz Flat Noise 50 dBrnC Frequency Voltage Level 540 Hz 0.0 V 65 dBrn 480 Hz 0.1 V dBrn 420 Hz 0.0 V dBrn 360 Hz 0.0 V dBrn 300 Hz 0.0 V dBrn 240 Hz...
Page 249: K-Test
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Section 16 K-Test 16.1 K-Test The K-test or Kupfmuller test can be used to find the approximate distance to a resistance fault when both wires in a single pair are faulted at the same place and a separate good pair is not available (see RFL Test).
Page 250: Running The K-Test
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier IMPORTANT: Attachment of the strap should not take place until the CableSHARK has indicated how to hook up the strap. A visual indication will be displayed on screen. 16.3 Running the K-test From the Main Menu, pressing Function button F1 (CABLE TESTS) will bring the user to the CABLE TESTS pop-up menu.
Page 251 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Select K-test from the Main Menu pop-up screen and press the “RUN STOP” button to execute the test. The following screen is displayed: 16.3B– K-T IGURE ETUP CREEN Connect Tip to Aux. Tip and Ring to Aux Ring. Connect Tip and ring to the faulted pair, and Ground to the reference wire.
Page 252: Connecting The Strap
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 16.3C– K-T IGURE CREEN 16.3.1 Connecting the Strap A strap is typically a wire that connects the ends of a good pair to a wire on the faulty pair. The strap should be made of 18AWG (1.0 mm) and be very short because it will have a very low resistance and will not affect the measurement.
Page 253: Setting Up Cable Characteristics
CableSHARK P3 User Guide IMPORTANT: Follow the CableSHARK’s instructions for the correct Strap configuration. An improperly connected strap will force the K-Test test to give misleading results. 16.3.1B– K-T IGURE ONNECTING THE TRAP 16.3.2 Setting up Cable Characteristics The CableSHARK’s K-test needs to be configured in detail now that the faulty wires have been identified and the strap is properly attached at the far end.
Page 254 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 16.3.2A – K-T IGURE ABLE HARACTERISTICS ETUP CREEN At the top of the screen you can see colors corresponding to the test leads. Ensure that the connection to the faulty pair corresponds to these colors. For single section testing (i.e.
Page 255 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Allows the user to specify the cable section length under test. This is one gauge of DISTANCE wire only. NOTE: If DISTANCE is entered, the TEMPERATURE setting will be ignored. To enter an unknown distance, input the # sign.
Page 256: Setup The K_Test Test For Multi-Section Testing
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 16.3.2.1 Setup the K_test Test for Multi-Section Testing Users can enter loop characteristics for multi-section loops into the CableSHARK by pressing the MULTI- SECTION key. Users can enter characteristics of up to 5 sections into the CableSHARK. Typically a section is a different gauge of wire.
Page 257 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 16.3.3A – K-T IGURE ESULTS There are three parts of the circuit under test that are presented to the user. These parts are based on the location of the CableSHARK, the location of the fault and the location of the strap. The user will be given the following information: Distance to Fault, Distance to End, and Distance from End to Fault.
Page 258 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier 16.3.3B – D IGURE ISTANCES XPLAINED Once the test has been completed, the status bar at the bottom of the screen will indicate that the test was complete what section the fault is located in, and the distance to the fault. The status screen will also show any errors and will ask the user to re-check the distances entered into each section and the strap connection.
Page 259: Appendix Aideal Cable Results
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix A Ideal Cable Results A.1 Loop Topologies CSA and Extended CSA Loops 26 AWG 26 AWG 26 AWG 600 ft 1200 ft 650 ft 26 AWG 26 AWG 24 AWG 26 AWG 24 AWG 26 AWG...
Page 260 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ANSI Loops 24 AWG 24 AWG 1500 ft 1000 ft 26 AWG 24 AWG 22 AWG 26 AWG 24 AWG ANSI Loop #8 ANSI Loop #2 13500 ft 6000 ft 3000 ft 9000 ft 1000 ft 26 AWG 26 AWG 26 AWG...
Page 261: Attenuation Responses
CableSHARK P3 User Guide A.2 Attenuation Responses The following graphs depict Attenuation responses to CSA, Extended CSA, Mid-CSA, and ANSI loop topologies (curve = calculated attenuation of ideal cable). These graphs represent the loop topologies outlined in Appendix A.1 CSA Loop #1...
Page 262 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier CSA Loop #6 CSA Loop #8 CSA Loop #7 Extended CSA Loop #9...
Page 263 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Extended CSA Loop #10 Mid CSA Loop #1 Mid CSA Loop #2 Mid CSA Loop #0...
Page 264 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Mid CSA Loop #5 Mid CSA Loop #3 Mid CSA Loop #6 Mid CSA Loop #4...
Page 265 CableSHARK P3 User Guide ANSI Loop #4 ANSI Loop #2 ANSI Loop #5 ANSI Loop #3...
Page 266 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ANSI Loop #6 ANSI Loop #8 ANSI Loop #7 ANSI Loop #9...
Page 267 CableSHARK P3 User Guide ANSI Loop #13 ANSI Loop #11 ANSI Loop #15 ANSI Loop #12...
Page 268 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 269: Appendix Bloop Characteristics
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix B Loop Characteristics Wire Gauge Capacitance Resistance Attenuation @ 300 Ω Ω Ω nF/km nF/mi dB/km dB/mi /kft (0.253) 64.4 1090 0.30 PE 64.4 0.32 PE 64.4 21.0 0.40 PE 80.5 84.4 14.2 (0.405) 26 PIC 51.6...
Page 270 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier COMMITTEE T1 --- Working Group T1E1.4 --- ftp://ftp.t1.org/T1E1/E1.4/Dir2001/1E140023.pdf...
Page 271: Appendix Ccableshark Specifications
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix C CableSHARK Specifications General Features Approx. 6.9” x 9.25” x 2.6” (175 x 235 x 65 mm) Dimensions: Approx. 4.8 lbs (2.2 kg) (including power adapter). Weight: Monochrome VGA : 32 to 120 F (0...
Page 272 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier Dialup test to a milliwatt source also measures Loss, Tone Frequency, and Noise with quiet termination. Phone book allows up to 20 entries, where the Name can be up to 32 characters long DTMF or Pulse dialing of digits 0-9 and characters * and #, up to 32 digits DTMF dialing uses 200 ms / 100 ms make/break signal Pulse dialing uses 400 ms / 600 ms make/break signal ADSL, ADSL2, ADSL2+ Auto-Test...
Page 273 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Spot frequencies: Any 10 tones (user settable) within the transmit frequency range Receiver Characteristics Characteristics are subject to instrument noise floor (approx –70 dBm). Levels below –70 dBm can be measured using the PSD Noise test.
Page 274 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier VF Impulse Noise –40 dBm to 0 dBm in 1 dB steps Low threshold: Low threshold plus separation Mid threshold: Mid threshold plus separation High threshold: 1 to 6 dB in 1 dB steps Separation: None, C-message, C-notched, D Filter (D is defined by IEEE 743-1995) Filters: Maximum 999 for each threshold...
Page 275 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 10% to 25% of total cable length length range: 28 ns to 20 µs (auto-selected in Auto TDR test) 330 µs in Manual mode Pulse width: Sine wave, Compensated Sine wave, Half-Sine wave, Square wave Test signals:...
Page 276 Combined Frequency Response, PSD Noise / Crosstalk, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Disturber Identification and Data Rate Estimation test plot with cursor and zoom. The End-to-End DMT test used by the EXFO CableSHARK is patent protected. ADSL Data Rate Prediction (End to End):...
Page 277 Extrapolated Results - Combined Frequency Response, PSD Noise / Crosstalk, Signal-to-Noise Ratio, Disturber Identification, and Data Rate Estimation test plot with cursor and zoom. The Single-Ended DMT test used by the EXFO CableSHARK is patent pending. ADSL Data Rate Prediction (Single End):...
Page 278 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier ADSL2+: 4.3 kHz to 2.208 MHz Depends on Frequency Range (see above) Horizontal scale: -36 dBm/Hz to -156 dBm/Hz or Vertical scale: 0 to – 120 dBm ADSL Annex A, ADSL Annex B, ADSL2, ADSL2+ CPE / DSLAM detection: SHDSL Data Rate Test Extrapolated Results - Combined Frequency Response, PSD Noise / Crosstalk, Signal-to-Noise Ratio,...
Page 279 CableSHARK P3 User Guide Longitudinal Balance Test Near-End test plot with cursor & zoom Single-end test: ± 50 ppm Frequency accuracy: ± 2 dB Accuracy: 0 to 80.0 dB Vertical scale: 26 kHz to 2.2 MHz Horizontal scale: DMM (Digital Multimeter)
Page 280 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier AC Current: 0 to 77 mA Accuracy: ±2% of reading ±1 LSD Isolation resistance 100VDC Source: safely limited to < 0.5 mA Current: 0 to 999 MΩ auto-ranging Range: Resolution: 3 significant digits 0 - 999 Ω, ±1% or ±5 Ω Accuracy: 1 kΩ...
Page 281 CableSHARK P3 User Guide ±2dB Accuracy: Return Loss Test (Plot with cursor and zoom) 0 to 60 dB Range: 0.1 dB Resolution: +/- 1 dB from 0 to 40 dB Accuracy: Horizontal scale: 17 kHz to 2.2 MHz 0 to 60 dB Vertical scale: Resistive Fault Location.
Page 282 Windows 98, Windows 2000 or XP. Certain functions are available even if the option is not enabled in the CableSHARK (Result printing, etc.) EXFO reserves the right to change or upgrade specifications at any time without notice. In order for the CableSHARK Unit to meet safety specifications, the operating environment must meet the following conditions for temperature and humidity.
Page 283: Appendix Dsafety
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix D Safety Information Before Operating the CableSHARK Unit: • Inspect the equipment for any signs of damage, and read the Operating Manual thoroughly. • Become familiar with all safety symbols and instructions in this manual to ensure that the equipment is operated and maintained safely.
Page 284 Failing to comply with any of these instructions or with any precaution or warning contained in this manual is in direct violation of the standards of design, manufacturer and intended use of the equipment. EXFO Electro-optical Engineering Inc. assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply with any of these safety requirements.
Page 285 CableSHARK P3 User Guide If the CableSHARK is not used in the manner outlined in this operating NOTE manual, the protection provided by the CableSHARK may be impaired.
Page 286 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 287: Appendix Ewarranty
Liability EXFO shall not be liable for damages resulting from the use of the product, nor shall be responsible for any failure in the performance of other items to which the product is connected or the operation of any system of which the product may be a part.
Page 288: Certification
EXFO’s control. Certification EXFO certifies that this equipment met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory.
Page 289: Appendix Fsoftware Policy And Upgrades
CD-ROM, obtained through email or Internet FTP / World Wide Web, please make a back-up copy of the software and place the original EXFO software in a safe place. Use the back-up file(s) for all installations that are required.
Page 290 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier From System Setup, press the UPGRADE SOFTWARE function key. The CableSHARK will ask you if you are sure to want to proceed and prompt you if your hardware has any software version limitations. Press Yes to continue or NO to return to the System Setup menu.
Page 291 After repair, the equipment will be returned with a repair report. If the equipment is not under warranty, you will be invoiced for the cost appearing on this report. EXFO will pay return-to-customer shipping costs for equipment under warranty. Shipping insurance is at your expense.
Page 292 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 293: Exfo Service Centers Worldwide
CableSHARK P3 User Guide EXFO Service Centers Worldwide If your product requires servicing, contact your nearest authorized service center. EXFO Headquarters Service Center 400 Godin Avenue 1 866 683-0155 (USA and Canada) Tel.: 1 418 683-5498 Vanier (Quebec) G1M 2K2...
Page 294 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 295: Appendix Jvisi-Shark Software
JPEG’s. J.1 Installing the Software The Visi-SHARK software can be downloaded of the EXFO webs site (free) or ordered on a CD-ROM. The CD-ROM will be labeled with “Version X.XX”, where “X.XX” is the version of the software you received.
Page 296: Operation
Start menu by clicking the Start button on the Taskbar, clicking Programs and then clicking on Windows® Explorer. Browse to the directory C:\Program Files\EXFO\VisiSHARK. Ensure that the Explorer window is not maximized so that you can see some of your desktop. Look for the icon “visishark.exe”. Click the icon.
Page 297: Setting Up A New Connection With Visi-Shark
CableSHARK P3 User Guide then clicking on Windows® Explorer. Browse to C:\Program Files\EXFO Ltd.\visi-shark and double-click on visi-shark.exe. If you have installed the software to a custom directory of your choice, then you must browse to that drive and directory and double-click on visi-shark.exe to run it. If you cannot remember which drive and directory the software is installed to, use the Windows®...
Page 298: Setup Connection Via Com Ports
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier …. D IGURE ETUP ONNECTION HROUGH IALOG The radio buttons to the left-hand side of the menu allow the user to select from Setup Connection through a COM port, Ethernet port, or connection through a MODEM. These three functions are described below. J.4.1 Setup Connection Via COM Ports If you wish to connect via a COM port, click the radio button next to the label “COM PORT”...
Page 299 CableSHARK P3 User Guide J.4.1 IGURE ETTINGS IN THE ONTROL IALOG Check to see that the settings in the Flow Control dialog box match the RS-232 settings in the Change Setup menu of the CableSHARK to which you wish to connect (consult your CableSHARK operating manual for more information on the RS-232 settings of the CableSHARK).
Page 300: Connecting Through A Network Via Ethernet
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.4.2 Connecting Through a Network via Ethernet If you wish to connect via Ethernet, click the radio button next to the label “NETWORK” on the left-hand side of the “Setup Connection Through…” menu shown in the figure below. On the Setup Connection Through…...
Page 301: Connecting Through A Modem
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Possibility that a crossover was used instead of a straight cable or vice versa. See Section 4.1.4 for more information. J.4.2B – S IGURE OCKET RROR J.4.3 Connecting Through a MODEM If you wish to connect via a MODEM, click the radio button next to the label “MODEM” on the left-hand side...
Page 302 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.4.3A - T IGURE ETUP IRECT ONNECTION IALOG If you have already pre-programmed Dialed Number(s), you can select one of those numbers by clicking the button that has a downward pointing arrow on it that is to the right of the “Dialed Number” or the “Description” field.
Page 303: Controlling The Cableshark With Visi-Shark
CableSHARK P3 User Guide J.4.3C - A IGURE DDING A IALED UMBER To remove a pre-programmed Dialed Number, select the Number by clicking the button that has a downward pointing arrow on it that is to the right of the “Dialed Number” or “Description” field. Select the Number to be removed from the pull-down list that appears.
Page 304: Menu Bar And Toolbar Functions
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.5A - A C SHARK IGURE ABLE ONNECTED THERNET By clicking the on-screen buttons with the mouse, the user can control the remotely connected CableSHARK. The CableSHARK responds in the same manner as if the user was actually pressing the buttons on the CableSHARK unit.
Page 305: File Menu
CableSHARK P3 User Guide J.6A - T IGURE ENU BAR Some Menu Bar items may be unavailable in certain circumstances. For instance, the “Window” item will be unavailable when no windows are currently open. The toolbar also resides near the upper left of the Visi- SHARK screen and it consists of several convenient icons that can be used to activate some of the most common functions.
Page 306: Print
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.6.1.2 Print The Print function enables the operator to print a previously stored set of test results, or a screen capture. When printing test results, this function is most useful for printing the entire set of results. If you wish to print a partial set of results, or certain pages only, then printing from the Print Preview function is a better choice, because you can view what information appears on each page before you print.
Page 307: Print Setup
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Alternatively, the Print Preview function can be activated by clicking on the “File” entry on the Menu Bar and then clicking on the “Print Preview” entry on the menu that is displayled. J.6.1.4 Print Setup This function enables you to set up the printer options and parameters just as for the Print function.
Page 308: Recall From File
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier The user can now click on “Recall from file…” to recall a previously saved screen capture from disk or click on “Capture to File” to take a screen capture of the active window on the screen and save it to disk. There are also two convenient menu bar icons that perform the Recall and Capture functions: Click the Recall Image icon to recall a previously saved screen capture from disk.
Page 309: Capture To File
CableSHARK P3 User Guide To abort the Open dialog box, click on the Cancel button. J.6.2.2 Capture to file… Clicking this option will allow the user to take a screen capture of the active window on the screen and save it to disk.
Page 310: New Connection Menu
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.6.3 New Connection Menu To set up a connection between the PC to the CableSHARK, click on New Connection on the menu bar as shown below. J.6.3A – S IGURE ELECTING IRECT ONNECTION FROM THE ONNECTION Next, click on Setup Connection on the pull-down menu that is displayed.
Page 311: View Menu
CableSHARK P3 User Guide The user can also click the Direct Connection icon on the toolbar to invoke the “Setup Connection Through…” menu shown above. J.6.4 View Menu The View Menu contains two selections that control whether or not the Toolbar at the top of the screen is displayed and whether the Status Bar at the bottom of the screen is displayed.
Page 312: Cascade
VF / DSL Cable Qualifier J.6.5.1 Cascade Cascade arranges the test and/or result windows so that they are stacked on top of each other with a slight overlap. J.6.5.2 Tile The Tile function arranges the test and/or result windows so that they are “tiled” on the screen. Use this function to give a good view of several windows at once.
Page 313: Appendix Kglossary Of Terms
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Appendix K Glossary of Terms ADSL (Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line) - a standard for transmitting at speeds up to 8 Mbps over a single copper pair. Asymmetrical means that the download speed is faster than the upload speed.
Page 314 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier HDSL High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line - an xDSL technology in which modems on either end of two or more twisted pair lines deliver symmetric T1 and 2 MBIT/S (E1) speeds. Currently, T1 requires two lines and 2 MBIT/S (E1) requires three.
Page 315 CableSHARK P3 User Guide 2B1Q Two Binary One Quaternary - A signaling method used across the 2-wire BRI (U reference point). 2B1Q is a four level line code associating 2 bits to each line signal. U Interface - The physical 2-wire echo canceling interface on the network side of the NT1.
Page 316 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 317: Appendix Lrecycling And Disposal
Do not dispose of it in ordinary garbage receptacles. Unless otherwise noted in a separate agreement between EXFO and a customer, distributor or commercial partner, EXFO will cover costs related to the collection, treatment, recovery and disposal of end-of-lifecycle waste generated by electronic equipment introduced after August 13, 2005 to an European Union member state with legislation regarding Directive 2002/96/EC.
Page 318 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 319: Notes
CableSHARK P3 User Guide Notes...
Page 320 VF / DSL Cable Qualifier...
Page 321 EXFO Corporate Headquarters > 400 Godin Avenue, Quebec (Quebec) G1M 2K2 CANADA Tel.: 1 418 683-0211 Fax: 1 418 683-2170 info@EXFO.com Toll-free: 1 800 663-3936 (USA and Canada) www.EXFO.com EXFO Montreal 2650 Marie-Curie St-Laurent (Quebec) H4S 2C3 CANADA Tel.: 1 514 856-2222...

EXFO CableSHARK P3 User Manual

Table of Contents

Patent Information

Section 1 Introduction

Section 4 Physical Features and Power Supply

Main Menu

Section 7 Quick Start Guide to Cableshark Tests

In Depth Guide to Cable Testing with the Cableshark

Section 9 Spectral Detective

Section 10 Return Loss

Section 11 Shdsl Data Rate Prediction

Section 12 Resistive Fault Location

Section 13 Ground Resistance

Section 14 Ringer Detection Testing

Section 15 Vf Testing

Section 16 K-Test

Appendix Aideal Cable Results

Appendix Bloop Characteristics

Appendix Ccableshark Specifications

Appendix Dsafety

Appendix Ewarranty

Appendix Fsoftware Policy and Upgrades

Appendix Jvisi-Shark Software

Appendix Kglossary of Terms

Appendix Lrecycling and Disposal

Notes

Quick Links

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Summary of Contents for EXFO CableSHARK P3