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Berthold LB 442 Operating Manual

Radiometric bulk flow meter
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Radiometric
Bulk Flow Meter
LB 442
Id. No. 32815BA2
Rev. Nr.: 02
10.10.2001

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  • Page 1 Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter LB 442 Id. No. 32815BA2 Rev. Nr.: 02 10.10.2001...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    3.4.1 Conveyor Belt Installation 3.4.2 Chain and Screw Conveyor Installation 3.5 Installation of Evaluation Unit Section 4 Electrical Connections 4.1 Detector 4.2 Evaluation Unit LB 442 SECTION 5 Getting Started 5.1 Quick Installation Overview 5.2 Getting Started 5.2.1 Opening the Radiation Exit Channel 5.2.2 Re-adjusting the Detector...
  • Page 4 9.6.1 Resetting Error Messages 9.6.2 Error Messages during Operation 9.6.3 Error Messages during Calibration 9.6.4 Error Messages during Measurement Section 10 Technical Data 10.1 Evaluation Unit LB 442 10.2 Detector 10.3 Wall Housing LB4460 Section 11 Service Instructions 11.1 General Safety Precautions 11.2 Trouble Shooting...
  • Page 5 Table of Contents 12.2 Safety Instructions 12.2.1 Shielding Installation 12.2.2 Rod Source Replacement 12.3 Radiation Dose Calculations 12.3.1 Exposure when Installing the Shielding 12.3.2 Exposure when Replacing Rod Sources 12.4 Emergency Instructions Section 13 Appendix 13.1 Certificates 13.1.1 ATEX Certificate for Evaluation Unit 13.1.2 ATEX Certificate for Detector 13.1.3 ATEX Certificate for Wall Housing 13.1.4 Declaration of Conformance...

  • Page 6: Revision History

    Revision History Revision History Date Comments 27.04.1998 22.02.2000 FSK revision, detector code, error listing revised, wiring diagrams and mechanical drawings revised, menu structure added. 10.10.2001 Rev2 is based on software version 2.10 The following modifications were added: ATEX and Master Slave expansion added, functions, menus and parameter table update, EG&G removed, wiring diagrams revised, bulk flow measurement with rod detector added, mechanical drawings completed, calibration explained in more detail.

  • Page 7: Section 1 Introduction

    Section 1 Introduction Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Safety Summary General Warnings Environmental Conditions conditions All system components require non-corrosive environmental during transportation, storage and commissioning. Electrical Shock Hazard Disconnect power to ensure that contact with energized part is avoided during in- stallation and servicing.

  • Page 8: Overview

    The hardware and software of the LB 442 system makes it easy to adapt the system to rather different measuring geometries and measuring tasks. Therefore, the settings and parameters of the measuring instrument have to be defined with care for the respec- tive measuring task when taking the system into operation.

  • Page 9: Section 2 System Description

    Section 2 System Description Section 2 System Description 2.1 Use and Function of the Bulk Flow Meter The radiometric Bulk Flow Meter LB 442 can be used to determine the load on conveyor belts □ on screw conveyors □ on chain conveyors □...

  • Page 10: The Principle Of Measurement

    2.2 The Principle of Measurement 2.2 The Principle of Measurement The principle of determining mass with a radiometric Bulk Flow Me- ter can be compared to that of X-raying material lying on the con- veyor. To generate the radiation, which is physically identical to that of X-ray radiation, radioactive material is used which is easy to handle and whose energy is dependent on the load on the con- veyor.

  • Page 11: Measuring Configuration

    Shielding container with holding device for detector: - Measuring frame with shielding container (conveyor belt, etc.) or - Holding device with shielding for free fall measurement Detector Evaluation unit LB 442 Two-wire cable Tachometer (Option) Cooling jacket for detector (option)

  • Page 12: Configuration On Conveyor Belt

    2.3 Measuring Configuration The power supply for the detector and the measuring signal (pulses) are transmitted via the two-wire cable connected between detector and evaluation unit. Different configurations and mounting devices may be required, depending on the conveyor system and the measuring tasks. 2.3.1 Configuration on Conveyor Belt Figure 2 shows a basic setup on a conveyor belt.

  • Page 13: Configuration For Free Fall Measurement

    Section 2 System Description 2.3.2 Configuration for Free Fall Measurement Using a clamping device, the radiation source (rod source) in its shielding is installed on one side of the fall-pipe and the detector on the opposite side. The radiation entrance window is located on the front side of the detector.

  • Page 14: Instrument Description

    2.4 Instrument Description 2.4 Instrument Description 2.4.1 Rod Source Radioactive sources for industrial applications are always „encap- sulated radioactive substances“ which are tightly welded into a sturdy stainless steel capsule, so that the radioactive substance cannot leak out. Contamination is therefore ruled out. Moreover, any activation of the product being measured by the sources used is not possible for physical reasons.

  • Page 15: Measuring Frame For Conveyor Systems

    Section 2 System Description 2.4.2 Measuring Frame for Conveyor Systems The measuring frame is a special construction for conveyor belts, chain and screw conveyors; its foot includes the lead shielding for the rod source. The detector is mounted to the crossbeam using the supplied installation set.
  • Page 16 2.4 Instrument Description Shielding The effectiveness of the shielding and the smooth operation of the lock must be checked every six months! Measuring frames for Co and Cs sources are equipped with a lead-filled steel pipe as shielding, the outer diameter being 105 mm, and a radiation exit channel having a width of 8 mm.
  • Page 17 Section 2 System Description On the other side of the shielding is a device for opening and clos- ing the radiation exit channel. To open or close the radiation exit channel, turn the lever to the respective position (see Figure 6(a)).
  • Page 18 2.4 Instrument Description Opening the radiation exit channel (see Figure 6) 1. Unscrew hexagon head cap screw (b) at lever (a). 2. Insert key in lock (c). 3. Push in lock and turn key to open the lock. Now you can move the radiation exit channel by turning the lever (a).

  • Page 19: Two-Detector Operation

    Section 2 System Description 2.4.3 Two-Detector Operation Two detectors have to be used on wide troughed chain conveyor systems, e.g. for measurements on recycling paper. The second detector has to be connected to a special slave evaluation unit. The evaluation unit of the first detector works as a master. The count rate and error messages of the slave system are transmitted to the master via the RS 485 interface.

  • Page 20: Measuring Device For Free Fall Measurement

    2.4 Instrument Description The Slave address in the Master can remain on the standard value 1, provided the standard address in the Slave has not been changed. See also Interfaces on page 65. 2.4.4 Measuring Device for Free Fall Measurement The measuring frame must be installed close to the discharge sta- tion.

  • Page 21: Measuring Frame For Rod Detector

    Section 2 System Description 2.4.5 Measuring Frame for Rod Detector The measuring frame with rod detector works with a point source or rod source. The principle of measurement is similar to that of the point detector with rod source. The measuring frame has to be fixed with screws at its foot ends on a sturdy base.

  • Page 22: Rod Source With Rod Detector

    2.4 Instrument Description 2.4.6 Rod Source with Rod Detector Rod sources with rod detectors allows measurement at very low source activities and can be used for wide conveyor systems. 2.4.7 Point Source Shielding Depending on the activity or isotope, we distinguish between three different shielding sizes.
  • Page 23 The pulses created in this manner are counted in the detector and the results transmitted to the evaluation unit LB 442. A photomultiplier which is optically coupled to the detector converts the flashes of light into electrical signals.

  • Page 24: Tachometer

    The tachometer is used to measure the conveyor speed. It is sup- plied with power by a separate power supply unit. The evaluation unit LB 442 can process signals from pulsed tachometers with 500 pulses/rev or 5000 pulses/rev as well as current signals (0/4 - 20 mA) proportional to the speed.

  • Page 25: Section 3 Installation

    Section 3 Installation Section 3 Installation 3.1 General Safety Precautions The shielding with the radioactive source is delivered in a box in compliance with the regulations concerning transportation of ra- dioactive substances. Take the shielding out of the box just prior to installation. Up to that time, store it in a location that is guarded against unauthorized access.

  • Page 26: Installation Of The Measuring Device

    3.2 Installation of the Measuring Device 3.2 Installation of the Measuring Device The detector must be protected against temperatures > 50°C by a water cooling jacket. The cables must be protected against temperatures > 70°. In case of outdoor installation, the detector has to be pro- tected against sunlight by installing a guard plate.
  • Page 27 Section 3 Installation If very hot material is being conveyed, a heat conducting □ tin plate must be installed between the conveyor flow and the detector. On request, a water cooling jacket can be supplied for the detector. A different frame assembly is required if the insulation or the water cooling system cannot be installed.
  • Page 28 3.2 Installation of the Measuring Device Procedure: A) Installation of Measuring Frame See also the Mechanical Drawings on page 133 The measuring frame has to be split up into two parts, □ the foot with the shielding (Figure 14) and the top part, consisting of the two verticals and the crossbeam 300m 90mm...

  • Page 29: Measuring Frames On Screw Conveyors

    Section 3 Installation B) Mounting the Detector Co or Cs measuring frames Dismantle the mounting set enclosed with the instru- □ ment. Fix the detector to the holding plate using the clamps □ and the hexagon head cap screws. Fix holding plate using the two fastening bows in the □...

  • Page 30: Measuring Frames On Chain Conveyors

    3.2 Installation of the Measuring Device 3.2.3 Measuring Frames on Chain Conveyors The same instructions also apply for installation on a chain con- veyor system. The bottom part of the measuring frame must be mounted as closely as possible to the chain conveyor. With this installation, however, one has to make sure that the in- stallation angle, which is determined at the planning stage, will be realized.
  • Page 31 Section 3 Installation approx. 484 mm Figure 19: Free fall bulk flow measuring device (side view) On fall chutes, measuring frame and rod source holder are used as depicted in Figure 17.

  • Page 32: Installation Of Water Cooling

    3.3 Installation of Water Cooling 3.3 Installation of Water Cooling The maximum operating temperature of a scintillation counter is 50°C. A cooling system (which is available as extra) must be used if the temperature at the detector is likely to be higher, due to heat emission of the pipeline and/or higher ambient temperatures.
  • Page 33 Section 3 Installation Cooling Medium Water should preferably be used as cooling medium, because air does not ensure adequate cooling at high temperatures. The water must be clean to avoid dirt deposits in the cooling jacket which would have an adverse effect on the cooling efficiency. The diagram below shows the quantity of cooling water required for the detectors LB 44...

  • Page 34: Tachometer Installation (Option)

    3.4 Tachometer Installation (Option) 3.4 Tachometer Installation (Option) 3.4.1 Conveyor Belt Installation The tachometer measuring the speed of the conveyor belt is equipped with a flexible holder and a running wheel. Install the ta- chometer such that the wheel is running on the lower belt. Two threaded rods size M 12 are fixed to the holder.

  • Page 35: Section 4 Electrical Connections

    >70°C, the installed cable has to be protected to prevent ex- to evaluation ceeding of the temperature limits of the unit LB 442 cable. Following connection, check that the connection room is carefully closed and the cable bushing properly sealed.

  • Page 36: Evaluation Unit Lb

    4.2 Evaluation Unit LB 442 4.2 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Make the connections on the rear panel of the evaluation unit as shown in the wiring diagram in the appendix to this manual on page 146. Detector LB 442 1(+)
  • Page 37 Section 4 Electrical Connections Terminals for Relay 2 (12a/12c) Mass Counter Output active when the relay picks up. The relay supplies pulses (25 ms long) for external electronic mass counter. Terminals Relay 3 (14a/14c) Tare measurement Batch Ready Min/Max Output active when the relay picks up. Depending on the software configuration, the relay can be used for signaling Tare measure- ment, Batch Ready or Min/Max.
  • Page 38 4.2 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Ext. batch measurement start Start of external batch measurement. Relay 3 must also be set as Batch Ready. Start The measurement starts when the contact is closed. The mass counter starts at 0 t. Contact of relay 3 is open.
  • Page 39 Section 4 Electrical Connections Digital input 3 (22a/22c) Product selection Input active, when terminals are short-circuited. Terminal open means product 1 Terminal closed means product 2. If digital input 2 has been selected for function "Product 3+4", the "Table for 4 products" is valid. See also page 36 Digital input 2 Current output 0/4-20mA (26a+/26c-) Load...

  • Page 40: Getting Started

    5. Install evaluation unit 6. Connect detector (terminals 1 and 2) to LB 442 (terminals 2a and 2c) via 2-wire cable 7. Option: Connect tachometer to terminals 28a/28c 8. Option: As an alternative to a tachometer, you can also connect a moisture measuring system to terminals 28a/28c 34 9.

  • Page 41: Getting Started

    Section 5 Getting Started 5.2 Getting Started The system has to be taken into operation as follows: Turn instrument on by connecting it to mains. The manufacturer name, version number and instrument type are displayed (Figure 26). 5.2.1 Opening the Radiation Exit Channel OPEN position (c) Lock Lever (a) for...

  • Page 42: Re-Adjusting The Detector

    5.2 Getting Started 5.2.2 Re-adjusting the Detector Proceed as follows to ensure that the detector is in the optimum position, i.e. exactly vertical above the source: Loosen holding of detectors slightly, so you can move it. Push <run> button of evaluation unit. The measured counts are displayed.

  • Page 43: Basic Settings

    <more> to scroll through the parameters: Enter password and unlock or lock with <enter> Check Date & Time and correct it, if necessary Check Instrument Version (e.g. LB 442, Version: 1.10) Select Language Print Parameter, only if needed Factory Setting, only if needed (see also System Configuration, page 49) Return to the menu group with <done>.
  • Page 44 5.2 Getting Started Enable/disable Low load suppression. When enabled, enter low load in tons. Select if Mass integrator is to be cleared after each run (=yes or if the count should continue (=no). Return to the menu group with <done>. 2.2 Press <sk2>...

  • Page 45: Calibration

    Section 5 Getting Started 5.2.4 Calibration Calibration is carried out in 2 steps. a) the tare measurement and b) the actual calibration a) Tare Measurement Before starting up the measuring system, the zero or tare weight has to be determined. The tare weight changes constantly as a result of conveyor irregu- larities, such as variation of the thickness of belt or, as in the case of chain conveyors, differences between chains links and scrapers.
  • Page 46 5.2 Getting Started b) Calibration Proceed as follows In the main menu, select sk1: Calibrate and then the □ sk2: Calibrate submenu. Select the product to calibrate (no. 1...10). Select the □ same product number in the Measuring Parameter menu! Select sk1: Data Input submenu.

  • Page 47: Evaluation Unit Lb

    Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 6.1 General Description The evaluation electronics is designed as a 19" module in the for- mat 3 HE, 21 TE. It includes the microprocessor-controlled evalua- tion electronics and the power supply for the operating and control voltages.
  • Page 48 6.1 General Description The calibration data is stored in a FLASH memory and saved in case of power down. The operational safety of the evaluation unit and the detector is ensured by a permanent self monitoring with error code display and by plausibility checks;...
  • Page 49 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Softkeys <sk1 Invokes the indicated menu > <sk2> (Figure 27a) sk1: General Data sk2: Operating Mode <more> Invokes the next display or menu group. more Shows the end of the menu and takes you back to <done>...

  • Page 50: Menu Structure (Flow Chart)

    6.1 General Description 6.1.1 Menu Structure (Flow Chart) The flow chart below illustrates the menu structure for parameter input and operation. With <more> you select the various menu groups and from there you get to the respective menu with <sk1> or <sk2>.

  • Page 51: Software Functions And System Configuration

    Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration The factory settings are listed in the Configuration Checklist in the Appendix. Enter the final operating settings in this list. Please keep in mind that the entry in all operating levels is made with the <^^^>...
  • Page 52 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Print Parameter: A printer with serial interface can be connected via the 9-pole con- nector on the front panel. Use a commercial zero modem cable to connect the evaluation unit with the printer. (In a zero modem ca- ble outgoing and incoming lines are crossed.) Push the <enter>...
  • Page 53 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Running wheel: The running wheel is placed onto the conveyor belt. Drive shaft: The tachometer is connected with a shaft via a coupling. Forward feed per revolution (only when tacho drive with motor shaft has been selected) Forward feed = distance of conveyor belt at one tachometer revo- lution.
  • Page 54 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Measuring Parameter Detector and Isotope Detector code: Detector-specific code number for automatic high voltage control. Detector list Type Dimensions Weight Detector Scintillator code Plastic LB 4401-01 25/25 LB 5401-01 LB 4401-02 40/35 LB 5401-02 LB 4401-03 50/50 LB 5401-03...
  • Page 55 1. In most cases, the standard value of 1 s is correct. Any change of this time constant should be made only after consultation with BERTHOLD TECHNOLOGIES. Time constant for tacho or moisture input (Available via Time constant 2 + <more>.)
  • Page 56 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Max. Basis Weight For non-linear calibration curves you have to enter the maximum weight per area and you have to select the function cubic for calcu- lation. These square or cubic characteristic curves require absorp- tion coefficients a2 and a3 in addition to the absorption coefficients a1.
  • Page 57 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 I/O Config. Define the inputs and outputs separately for each product. These parameter settings are valid for calibration and measurement. Product Select No. 1 ... 10 Select the product number for which this parameter setting is to be valid.
  • Page 58 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Digital input 2 Define the configuration of digital input 2 (terminal 20a and 20c). Up to three different functions can be assigned to the input. External tare An external tare measurement is performed. The elapsed tare time is dependent on the tare measuring time entered.
  • Page 59 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Hysteresis (Only with setting Min / Max at digital output 3) Enter the hysteresis in the selected unit. A switch-over of the relay is triggered only when the change of the measured value is greater than the entered value.
  • Page 60 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Shifts Define the shift parameters: Begin Shift Enter the time (hh:mm) Shifts/Day Number of shifts per day Hours/Shift Number of hours per shift. Tare measurement Tare measurement at Time or belt length default Select the measurement mode for the tare measurement: Time (Only when Time has been selected) Enter the measurement time in seconds.
  • Page 61 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Product Select No. 1 to 10 Select the calibration product and confirm with <enter>. Please note that the product number set in the Measuring Parameter menu is identical with the product number selected here. Other- wise, no calibration measurement is possible, but only manual en- try of the calibration data sets since the <run>...
  • Page 62 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Display per calibration point Rate (cps) Read in the calibration count rate by pressing <run>. Stop the calibration measurement by pressing <run> again. Press <enter> to accept the values. The calibration count rate can also be entered manually. Speed (m/s) Automatic display of the averaged belt speed.
  • Page 63 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Calculate Calibr. Mode Select the calibration mode. lin/squ/cub/auto Linear curve fit. This mode is used when at least one calibration point is available in addition to the tare measurement. Linear cali- bration is the most frequently used type of calibration. For more information see chapter 5.2.4 b) Calibration.
  • Page 64 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Coeff. a1 Linear absorption coefficient. This value is calculated automatically during linear calibration. Coeff. a2 Square absorption coefficient. This value is calculated automati- cally for a cubic multi-point calibration. Coeff. a3 Cubic absorption coefficient. This value is calculated automatically for a cubic multi-point calibration Square Error This value is calculated automatically for two- and multipoint cali-...
  • Page 65 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Live Display In this menu, the measured values are displayed continuously (live display) for the selected product (display of RUN); otherwise the values of the last measurement. With <+> and <-> you can cycle through the following displays.
  • Page 66 6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration Moisture % Moisture reading when the radiometric bulk flow measurement is configured accordingly and a moisture meter is connected (only in operating mode with moisture compensation). Dry totalizer (t or kg) Display of dry weight in the selected unit (only in operating mode with moisture compensation).
  • Page 67 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Interfaces RS 232. A commercial zero modem cable is used to transfer data via the RS 232. The following data can be transmitted via this interface: Parameter List Via command parameter printout in the General Data menu.

  • Page 68: Slave Menu Functions

    6.2 Software Functions and System Configuration 6.2.1 Slave Menu Functions General Data Password: You can enter a number comprising up to 6 digits. Upon confirma- tion with <enter>, the system is protected against unauthorized manipulation of the parameters. All parameters can still be viewed, however.
  • Page 69 Section 6 Evaluation Unit LB 442 The current calibration data is lost when the instrument is reset! Measuring Parameter Detector and Isotope Detector code: Detector-specific code number for automatic high voltage control. Detector list Type Dimensions Weight Operating Scintillator code...

  • Page 70: Section 7 Calibration

    7.1 Background Section 7 Calibration 7.1 Background If you are working with rod detectors, the background, i.e. the natural environmental radiation, has to be determined. The count rate of the background has to be regarded as constant and may therefore not be compensated for automatically. The background should be measured by placing the detector in a certain distance from the measuring frame (with Cs137 3 m, with Co60 at least 5 m).
  • Page 71 Section 7 Calibration b) Tare Measurement via Belt Length If you know the total belt length (upper and lower belt), you can run a tare measurement by entering the belt length in meters. If it is possible to run the conveyor without load for the respective time, tare measurement can be performed.

  • Page 72: Tare Compensation

    7.2 Tare Measurement The external tare measurement can also be interrupted or contin- ued again by pressing the <run> button. Current Output during Tare Measurement During tare measurement the current output (26a/26c) does not supply any current (0 mA). Manual Input of the Tare Count Rate You may also enter the tare count rate manually.

  • Page 73: Calibration

    Section 7 Calibration 7.3 Calibration 7.3.1 General Information Calibration is a correlation of weight and count rate. It should, therefore, be carried out carefully. The weight is determined with a comparative weigher. Since any errors of this comparative weigher will later falsify the results, the weigher should be highly accurate and preferably a registered one.

  • Page 74: Preparation For Calibration Weighing

    "endless plate", e.g. plates of 1 m length can be cut out and weighed. While the material is transported through the measuring frame, the LB 442 averages the count rate, at the same time the reference samples have to be cut out.
  • Page 75 While the material is being pulled through the meas- uring frame, the LB 442 averages the count rate. Pulling the mate- rial through the measuring frame should take at least 5 minutes in order to reduce the statistical error during count rate averaging.

  • Page 76: Standard Calibration Procedure Step-By-Step

    7.3 Calibration 7.3.4 Standard Calibration Procedure Step-by-Step o In the main menu, select sk1: Calibrate and then the submenu sk2: Calibrate. o Select the product (no. 1...10). o Select the submenu sk1: Data Input and after the background for the rod detector, select calibration point 1. o Load product on conveyor belt and start conveyor belt.
  • Page 77 Section 7 Calibration Normally it suffices to work with a linear absorption coeffi- cient. o Select calibration mode lin/squ/cub/auto. Calibration is per- formed as soon as you confirm the calibration mode with <en- ter>. o Then you can call the results with <more>: depending on the selected calibration mode: a describes the linear, a the square...

  • Page 78: Section 8 Checking The Calibration

    8.1 General Information Section 8 Checking the Calibration 8.1 General Information If deviations of the measured result occur, a new tare measure- ment has to be performed first. To carry out a performance check of the bulk flow measurement, you can push a calibration cap (op- tion) over the scintillator.

  • Page 79: Correction Of Display Value

    Section 8 Checking the Calibration Which Calibration Points are Calculated? The evaluation computer calculates the calibration curve (absorp- tion coefficients) from the measured values. All calibration points are used for this calculation where the parameters count rate, speed, measuring time and comparative weight contain valid val- ues (>...

  • Page 80: Operation Of The Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter

    9.1 Live Display Section 9 Operation of the Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter 9.1 Live Display Start measurement: Push <run> button Result display (Live display): Load t/h, kg/h Totalizer (t or kg) Dry Totalizer (t or kg) Moisture % Act. Speed m/s Live Curr.

  • Page 81: Zero Point Correction Through Tare Measurements

    Section 9 Operation of the Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter Minute printout Minute: 13/08/97 13:16 P1 Weight[t] 3.617 Diff[t] 0.032 Minute: 13/08/97 13:17 P1 Weight[t] 3.661 Diff[t] 0.022 Minute: 13/08/97 13:18 P1 Weight[t] 3.680 Diff[t] 0.013 Minute: 13/08/97 13:19 P1 Weight[t] 3.699 Diff[t] 0.029 Minute: 13/08/97 13:20 P1...

  • Page 82: Batch Operation

    9.3 Operation with Different Materials 9.2.3 Batch Operation In addition to weighing the conveyed material continuously, the bulk flow measurement can also be used for batch weighing. This operation mode allows, for example, to load trucks with a given amount, or to control a feeding machine. The following settings are required: In the Measuring Parameter menu, select the product being measured.

  • Page 83: Evaluation Unit As Dry Weight Computer

    Section 9 Operation of the Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter 9.4 Evaluation Unit as Dry Weight Computer The evaluation unit includes an input for moisture compensation (28a/28c). If a moisture probe is connected and moisture compen- sation is activated (menu Operating mode, Config Instrument: moisture compensation), the measured wet weight is computed with the measured moisture value and one gets the dry weight.

  • Page 84: Error Messages

    9.6 Error Messages 9.6 Error Messages 9.6.1 Resetting Error Messages a) All error messages must be reset with <enter>. b) Several simultaneously or consecutively occurring errors are stored in an error register in the order of their appearance; they have to be reset individually by operating <enter> several times.

  • Page 85: Error Messages During Calibration

    Section 9 Operation of the Radiometric Bulk Flow Meter 9.6.3 Error Messages during Calibration Error Error text Cause Solution No calibration coefficient - Enter coefficient or calculated it Not calibrated available or not calculated If the product is unequal to - Adapt product to calibration the calibration product when product...

  • Page 86: Section 10 Technical Data

    Section 10 Technical Data 10.1 Evaluation Unit LB 442 Versions: LB 442-1 Master system LB 442-2 Slave system for detector connection to multi-detector configurations. Signal transfer to mas- ter system via RS 485 Assembly: 19" module 3 HE, 21 TE; Protection type IP 20 Power supply: 115 V ±...
  • Page 87 Section 10 Technical Data Inputs/Outputs: Detector terminal: (2a/2c) II 2 G [EEx ib] IIC or II 2 G [EEx ib] IIB The table below shows the highest permissible external inductivity and capacity: II 2 G [EEx ib] IIC II 2 G [EEx ib] IIB Highest per- missible ex- 0.15 mH...

  • Page 88: Detector

    10.2 Detector 10.2 Detector The probe is designed for industrial application. It in- cludes a scintillation counter for Gamma radiation which is equipped with a NaI crystal or plastic scintil- lator. The built-in microprocessor defines the configu- ration, counts the pulse rates, controls the high volt- age, measures the temperature of the probe and an external Pt 100, transfers data and performs calibra- tion and control functions.
  • Page 89 Section 10 Technical Data Detector code in () can be used to reduce the back- ground. Any change in the detector code requires a new calibration. LB 54X1 : Scintillation counter with NaI (Tl) crystal 25/25, 40/35 or 50/50. Stability : ± 0,1 % without Ex Type Crystal size...

  • Page 90: Wall Housing Lb4460

    10.3 Wall Housing LB4460 Permissible cable resistance: 29 Ohm (for wire and return wire) Connection cable: Two-wire. Max. cable length : 750 m (13.6 V applied current, 90 mA, 1 square) 1 km ( 1.5 square, connection box required) 1.8 km ( 2.5 square, connection box required) Cross section Max.

  • Page 91: Section 11 Service Instructions

    Section 11 Service Instructions Section 11 Service Instructions 11.1 General Safety Precautions Any time you are working on electrical components, you have to observe the relevant safety regulations. Please refer to the GEN- ERAL WARNINGS and SPECIFIC WARNINGS in the Safety Sum- mary.

  • Page 92: Shielding And Source

    11.3 Shielding and Source 11.3 Shielding and Source The shieldings do not include any wearing parts or mechanically moving parts that under normal operating conditions require main- tenance. For safety reasons, however, it should be possible any time to lock the useful beam. A function check has to be performed in appropriate inter- vals of half a year.
  • Page 93 Section 11 Service Instructions If the source has to be renewed, you have to specify the manufac- turing number of the original source in your new order. This manu- facturing number consists of three groups of digits, for example: 1234 - 11 - 97 The first group is a consecutive number, the second group identi- fies the month (here: November) and the third the year the source was manufactured (here: 1997).

  • Page 94: Evaluation Unit Lb

    11.4 Evaluation Unit LB 442 11.4 Evaluation Unit LB 442 After power on, the instrument identification must appear on the display and with <more> you go on to the operating parameters of the various menu structures. If no entry is made, the program automatically switches from the current menu to the display mode after a few minutes.

  • Page 95: Error Code Listing

    Section 11 Service Instructions 11.4.2 Error Code Listing Error text Cause Solution Pulse rate overflow Pulse rate > 520,000 cps - Check configuration of application, or calculation No pulses from Fault in detector Error in detector detector -Multiplier or probe electronics faulty HV wrong HV <...

  • Page 96: Error Code Listing With Signal Output

    11.4 Evaluation Unit LB 442 11.4.3 Error Code Listing with Signal Output Alarm 0/4 - In case of error, Relay 20mA Error text measurement: ABORT CONTINUE Pulse rate overflow abort continue alarm value No pulses from detector stop continue alarm...

  • Page 97: Service Functions

    Section 11 Service Instructions 11.4.4 Service Functions The service menu structure shows the possible test settings and switch functions. In addition to defaulted pulse rates that are used to check the output current, you can check the relay and external switch functions, and start an automatic plateau recording of the NaI crystal-multiplier assembly.
  • Page 98 11.4 Evaluation Unit LB 442 HV Settings Set detector HV With the standard setting ”0” the detector works with automatic high voltage control. For service purposes, you can enter a high voltage value between 500 V and 1500 V. In this case, the high voltage control is disabled.
  • Page 99 Section 11 Service Instructions Plateau Start Plateau You can automatically measure a plateau of the detector in steps of 60 V, e.g. to check the correct function of the NaI crystal- multiplier combination. Check Plateau The value pairs of the plateau measurement can be displayed here and plotted as a curve for evaluation.

  • Page 100: Scintillation Detector

    11.5 Scintillation Detector 11.5 Scintillation Detector Scintillation counters do not include any wearing parts and their service life is not limited, provided they are used under normal op- erating conditions. Malfunctions in the scintillation detector can only be caused by excessive mechanical or thermal stress. The transfer of heavy vibrations or shocks to the detector has to be prevented by suitable measures, such as separate installation or shock absorbers.

  • Page 101: Malfunctions

    Section 11 Service Instructions 11.5.2 Malfunctions Malfunctions of the scintillation counter are not always indicated by a missing pulse rate; it is also possible that the specific Gamma sensitivity appears to have changed or obvious instabilities are ap- parent. In the case of detectors with NaI-crystals, this error can be detected only by means of a plateau check.
  • Page 102 11.5 Scintillation Detector Please note: The scintillation counter may remain at the measuring point if it is certain that the conveyor system stands still during the check. At the end of the plateau measurement, you may call the function Check Plateau (in the Service menu, submenu Plateau) to display the value pair HV steps/count rate .

  • Page 103: Checking The Crystal-Multiplier Assembly

    Section 11 Service Instructions 11.5.3 Checking the Crystal-Multiplier Assembly Faults in the crystal-multiplier assembly are indicated by the pla- teau becoming too small or too steep. They can often be detected through visual inspection. To do this, take the crystal-multiplier assembly apart. Proceed as follows: o Switch off the scintillation counter before opening the instrument.
  • Page 104 11.5 Scintillation Detector The multiplier window is coated with a vapor-deposited layer acting as photo cathode. This layer gives the window a brownish tint similar to smoked glass. If this layer is no longer present or if it is stained, then the photo cathode has been destroyed (e.g. by overheating, glass breakage, or incident light), and the multiplier must be replaced.

  • Page 105: Replacing The Crystal-Multiplier Assembly

    Section 11 Service Instructions 11.5.4 Replacing the Crystal-Multiplier Assembly Switch the scintillation counter off. Do not perform the replacement in bright daylight, as this may damage the photo cathode of the photomultiplier. Open the scintillation counter by removing the cover of the connection box first and then the screws of the socket.

  • Page 106: Section 12 Radiation Protection

    12.1 Basics and Guidelines Section 12 Radiation Protection 12.1 Basics and Guidelines The radioactive isotopes used for bulk flow measurements emit gamma radiation. Gamma radiation consists of electromagnetic waves, i.e. it is a type of radiation which resembles light, but has a much higher energy, so that it can pass through matter.
  • Page 107 Section 12 Radiation Protection The Radiation Safety Officer has to make sure that the provisions of the Radiation Protection Regulations will be observed. In par- ticular, his duties include instructing the staff on the proper han- dling of radioactive substances. Radioactive sources that are no longer in use or have reached the end of their service life must be returned to the national radioactive waste disposal center or to the manu-...
  • Page 108 12.1 Basics and Guidelines Distance This means the distance between the radioactive source and the human body. The radiation intensity (dose rate) decreases - like light - in proportion to the square of the distance, i.e., doubling the distance to the source reduces the dose rate to one quarter.

  • Page 109: Safety Instructions

    Section 12 Radiation Protection 12.2 Safety Instructions 12.2.1 Shielding Installation To keep the radiation exposure of the assembling personnel as low as possible, only licensed personnel who have been trained on how to handle radioactive substances are allowed to assemble or disas- semble the shielding with the source.

  • Page 110: Rod Source Replacement

    12.2 Safety Instructions 12.2.2 Rod Source Replacement Radioactive sources may be replaced only by competent and li- censed personnel, in compliance with the official regulations, since these persons have to work with an unshielded source for a short time. Therefore, they have to carry a pocket dosimeter indicating the level of radiation, so that the actual radiation exposure during work can be documented.
  • Page 111 Section 12 Radiation Protection Source Replacement The positions described below are identified in the shielding in Figure 36. Proceed as follows to replace the source: The radiation exit channel must be closed while replac- □ ing the source. Cover plate (2) Padlock (1) Figure 36:Measuring frame foot –...
  • Page 112 12.2 Safety Instructions Cover plate (3) Figure 37:Measuring frame foot – source removal side without cover Unscrew cover cap (3) using a large screwdriver □ Source end piece (5) Internal screw thread M4 (4) Screw M4 screw a few turns into the now accessible □...
  • Page 113 Section 12 Radiation Protection Unscrew screw from old source and close transport □ shielding. Open transport shielding of new source. □ Turn screw into new source. □ Take hold of rod source using a pair of pliers and insert it □...

  • Page 114: Radiation Dose Calculations

    12.3 Radiation Dose Calculations 12.3 Radiation Dose Calculations When preparing work on radiometric measuring systems, it is im- portant to calculate the radiation exposure to be expected in ad- vance, for this has consequences on the required safety precau- tions. The expected radiation exposure can be calculated quite easily and with sufficient accuracy, provided you know the isotope and the activity of the source used.

  • Page 115: Exposure When Installing The Shielding

    Section 12 Radiation Protection 12.3.1 Exposure when Installing the Shielding Provided that any work in the vicinity of the shielding is prepared well, it will not take more than 20 minutes. With an assumed dose rate of 30 microSv/h, the calculated dose is 10 µSv. If you compare this dose with the permissible annual doses of 5 mSv for operating staff, this work can be carried out 100 times per year by one and the same person.

  • Page 116: Emergency Instructions

    12.4 Emergency Instructions 12.4 Emergency Instructions In case of serious operational trouble, such as fire or explo- sion, which could adversely affect the radiometric measur- ing facility, it cannot be ruled out that the function of the shielding lock, the shielding efficiency or the stability of the source capsule have been impaired.

  • Page 117: Section 13 Appendix

    Section 13 Appendix Section 13 Appendix 13.1 Certificates 13.1.1 ATEX Certificate for Evaluation Unit...
  • Page 118 13.1 Certificates...
  • Page 119 Section 13 Appendix...
  • Page 120 13.1 Certificates...
  • Page 121 Section 13 Appendix...

  • Page 122: Atex Certificate For Detector

    13.1 Certificates 13.1.2 ATEX Certificate for Detector...
  • Page 123 Section 13 Appendix...
  • Page 124 13.1 Certificates...
  • Page 125 Section 13 Appendix...

  • Page 126: Atex Certificate For Wall Housing

    13.1 Certificates 13.1.3 ATEX Certificate for Wall Housing...
  • Page 127 Section 13 Appendix...
  • Page 128 13.1 Certificates...

  • Page 129: Declaration Of Conformance

    Section 13 Appendix 13.1.4 Declaration of Conformance...

  • Page 130: Parameter Protocol (Example Printout)

    13.2 Parameter Protocol (Example printout) 13.2 Parameter Protocol (Example printout) Berthold 19/08/1997 14:44 LB 442 B A N D W A A G E V 1.01 a page 1/2 ***************************************************************************** Konfiguration Durchsatzmessung with konst. Bandgeschwin- digkeit Geräteadresse Master detectoranzahl Error handling...
  • Page 131 Section 13 Appendix Berthold 19/08/1997 14:44 LB 442 B A N D W A A G E V 1.01 a page 2/2 ***************************************************************************** P R O D U K T K A L I B R I E R D A T E N 1.

  • Page 132: Tachometer Installation

    13.3 Tachometer Installation 13.3 Tachometer Installation...
  • Page 133 Section 13 Appendix...

  • Page 134: Tachometer

    13.3 Tachometer Installation 13.3.1 Tachometer...

  • Page 135: Mechanical Drawings

    Section 13 Appendix 13.4 Mechanical Drawings 13.4.1 Measuring Frame with Rod Source and Point Detector Weight Belt width Side length Total height Diameter inside 1006 1306 1076 1006 1000 1506 1276 1000 1262 1206 1200 1706 1476 1000 1262 1406 1600 2106 1876...

  • Page 136: Measuring Frame With Rod Source And 2 Point Detectors

    13.4 Mechanical Drawings 13.4.2 Measuring Frame with Rod Source and 2 Point Detectors Weight Belt width Side length Total height Diameter in- side 1006 1306 1076 1006 1000 1506 1276 1000 1262 1206 1200 1706 1476 1000 1262 1406 1600 2106 1876 1000...

  • Page 137: Measuring Frame Divided

    Section 13 Appendix 13.4.3 Measuring Frame Divided Belt width ca. kg 1800 2496 1088 2196 2000 2696 1188 2396 2200 2896 1288 2596 2400 3096 1388 2796 2800 3496 1588 3196...

  • Page 138: Free Fall Measurement

    13.4 Mechanical Drawings 13.4.4 Free Fall Measurement...

  • Page 139: Point Detector

    Section 13 Appendix 13.4.5 Point Detector...

  • Page 140: Measuring Frame For Rod Detectors

    13.4 Mechanical Drawings 13.4.6 Measuring Frame for Rod Detectors The drawing of this frame refers to a measuring frame for a belt width of 1200 mm. It is depicted representing a wide range of measuring frames. A drawing for your measuring frame with rod detector is prepared when your order is processed by our project engi- neer.

  • Page 141: Holding Device For Point Source Shielding

    Section 13 Appendix 13.4.7 Holding Device for Point Source Shielding The holding device can be used only with Berthold measuring frame for rod detectors.

  • Page 142: Rod Detector

    13.4 Mechanical Drawings 13.4.8 Rod Detector Type ID-No. Type ID-No. LB 4405-01 32736-01 LB 4405-1W 32736-11 11,5 LB 4405-02 32736-02 1078 10,5 LB 4405-2W 32736-12 1086 LB 4405-03 32736-03 1326 LB 4405-3W 32736-13 1334 LB 4405-04 32736-04 1574 1208 13,5 LB 4405-4W 32736-14 1582...

  • Page 143: Mounting Brackets For Rod Detectors

    Section 13 Appendix 13.4.9 Mounting Brackets for Rod Detectors verzinkt ID-No. ID-No. for one ≈ h for single set (2 ea.) Qty. brackets brackets 65 41,5 05675 rod detector 24840 without water cooling 05678 05677 rod detector 24841 with water cooling 05678...

  • Page 144: Point Source Shielding

    13.4 Mechanical Drawings 13.4.10 Point Source Shielding Source removal position 1: Point source 2: Radiation exit 3 Padlock 54° or 72° Type ID-No. Weight in 17491 17493 17494...

  • Page 145: Evaluation Unit

    Section 13 Appendix 13.4.11 Evaluation Unit...

  • Page 146: Wall Housing

    Wall Cabinet LB 4460 Rel . 1 Rel . 1 Rel . 2 Rel . 2 Rel . 3 Rel . 3 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 1 2 3 31 32 33 50 51-56 62 63 64 65 19 20-25...

  • Page 147: Wall Housing With Two-Detector System

    Wall Cabinet LB 4460 Rel.1 Rel.1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 39 40 46 1 2 3 19 20-25 31 32 33 60 63 64 65 Digital Inputs Relays 10mm long heat shrink sleeving 10mm long heat shrink sleeving must be used to comply with must be used to comply with the EEx (ib) safety certification.

  • Page 149: Parameter Menu

    0,0 t/h B E R T H O L D Time Constant Tacho Pulse/rev 20 mA : 100,0 t/h LB 442 V2.10 for Current Input. 500 / 2500 / 5000 B u l k F l o w Digital Input 1: Drive for Tachometer •Belt Stop...

  • Page 150: Calibrations And Measurement Menu

    sk1: Calibrate sk1: Service menu sk2: Interfaces sk2: Live Display etc. more sk1: Tare Measurem. Totalizer sk2: Calibrate 0.000 t more more Interfaces RS 232: RS 485: Slave Product selectionl Detector 1 Tare measure at : Loading. No. 1 - 10 HV-auto = 700V - Belt length...

  • Page 151: Slave Menu

    Date & Time Date : DD.MM.YY Time : HH.MM B E R T H O L D LB 442 V2.00 B u l k F l o w B E R T H O L D Detector Software Version 1.00...
  • Page 152 sk1: HV-Adjustment sk1: Reset Detektor sk1: Test calcul. sk1 : Plateau sk1 : Relay Delay Time sk2: PT 100 Adjust sk2: Status request sk2: I / O - Test sk2 : adj. current i/o sk2 : Operation Time more more more more more...

  • Page 153: Configuration List

    Default Values Customer Set Up General Data Password 0 - 999999 Date YY.MM.DD Current Datum Time HH.MM. Current Zeit Model/Version LB 442 Vers Current Soft. Vers Detector-Software Ver. 2.X Current Soft. Vers Language -Deutsch English -English/ -Francais -Espanol Operating Mode Config Instrument -Const Belt Speed.
  • Page 154 13.7 Configuration List Function Range Default Values Customer Set Up Measuring Parameter Detector Code 0 - 50 Isotope Co/Cs/Am/Cm/ Co-60 Kr/Sr Time Costant 1 bis 9999,9 s Belt Speed 0 - 99,99 m/s 1 m/s Current Input - 0 – 20 mA - 4 –...

  • Page 155: Calibration Data Table

    Section 13 Appendix 13.7.1 Calibration Data Table Function Range Default Values Customer Set Up Tare Tare Measurement -Time Time -Belt Length Tare Time 0 - 9999 s 10 s Belt Length 9999.9 m 100 m Tare Count Rate 0 – 999.999 cps 10.000 cps Background for 0 –...

  • Page 156: Index

    Installation 32 Calibration product 59 Evaluation Unit Certificates 115 Replacement 103 Chain conveyors 7 Evaluation unit LB 442 9, 20, 92 Chain Conveyors Connection 34 Installation 28 Ext. batch measurement start 35 Co measuring frame 13 External batch measurement 36, 55...
  • Page 157 Section 13 Appendix Insulated current output 37 Point source shielding 142 Isotope 12, 52 Power supply 10, 21, 37, 45 Kalibrierdaten-Liste 153 Principle of measurement 8 Keypad function 46 Print parameter 50 Language 49, 66 Print Parameter 66 Linear absorption coefficient 62 Print start 56 Linear curve fit 61 Printer 37...
  • Page 158 13.8 Index Signal processing 45 Tare measurement via belt length 69 Slave 17, 67 Tare measurement via time 68 Slave 1 65 Technical data 84 Slave address 18 Temperature range Sodium iodide crystal 20, 98 Evaluation unit 84 Softkeys 45, 46 Terminal strip 45 Software functions 49 Terminals 45...

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