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SARK 110 User Manual

Vector impedance antenna analyzer
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SARK- - - - 110
SARK
SARK
SARK
This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
© Melchor Varela – EA4FRB 2011-2015
Vector Impedance Antenna Analyzer
110
110
110
User's Manual
Updated to Firmware Version 0.8.6.12
Revision 1.2.6

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Summary of Contents for SARK 110

  • Page 1 SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Vector Impedance Antenna Analyzer User’s Manual Revision 1.2.6 Updated to Firmware Version 0.8.6.12 This document is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. © Melchor Varela – EA4FRB 2011-2015...

  • Page 2: Table Of Contents

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Contents INTRODUCTION........................4 MAIN FEATURES........................5 OVERVIEW OF FUNCTIONS....................6 OPERATING THE SARK-110 ....................7 ........................7 CREEN AYOUT ....................8 TATUS YMBOLS EANING ........................8 EANS OF NPUT ....................9 HANGING THE REQUENCY ......................10 HANGING THE ......................10...
  • Page 3 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK CIRCUIT MODELS......................55 14.1 ......................55 NTENNA 14.2 ........................57 APACITOR 14.3 ......................59 UARTZ RYSTAL 14.4 .......................61 RANSMISSION SPECIFICATIONS.......................64 PRECAUTIONS........................67 REGULATORY WARNING ....................67 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .....................68 APPENDIX A: THEORY OF OPERATION................69 APPENDIX B: FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETERS..............71 APPENDIX C: UPGRADING THE FIRMWARE ..............73...

  • Page 4: Introduction

    As a signal generator it is ideal for receiver calibration, sensitivity tests and signal tracing. The SARK-110 features a Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) generator with a range of 0.1 to 230 MHz and a frequency resolution of 1 Hz. The instrument has full vector measurement capability and accurately resolves the resistive, capacitive and inductive components of a load.

  • Page 5: Main Features

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 2 Main Features • Pocket size and lightweight • Solid aluminum case • Intuitive and easy to use • Operating modes: Scalar Chart, Smith Chart, Single Frequency, Cable Test (TDR), Field Mode, Multi-band, Signal Generator and Computer Control •...

  • Page 6: Overview Of Functions

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 3 Overview of Functions The unit has a Test Port located on its left side, to connect to the device under test. This receptacle accepts straight MCX plug connector types. The product pack includes an MCX to SMA female connector adapter and a 20-cm SMA plug to SMA female cable adapter.

  • Page 7: Operating The Sark-110

    The following figure shows the screen layout in Scalar Chart mode. It shows diagram areas that are the same for all operating modes of the SARK-110. Screen layouts that show specifics for each operating mode are provided in corresponding sections of this manual.

  • Page 8: Status Symbols Meaning

    Span, Marker1, Marker2, LeftY and RightY) and to navigate within the popup submenus. Run/Hold [►||] The Run/Hold button is used to control the operating state of the SARK-110: Working or Paused. In the paused state the signal generator and measurement circuits are inactive.

  • Page 9: Changing The Frequency

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Select [■] The button is used to activate the popup submenu associated with the highlighted option and for selecting the desired option within the popup submenu. Note: Pressing any other button will cancel a selection.

  • Page 10: Changing The Span

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Note: the span range will be adjusted automatically if the resultant upper or lower frequency entry causes it to fall outside operational limits. 4.5 Changing the Span There are two methods of editing the Span: (i) Use Navigator A to highlight «Span»...

  • Page 11: Using Markers

    SARK 4.7 Using Markers The SARK-110 has two markers that can either be manually positioned by the user or set to operate in automatic tracking mode. The markers indicate the horizontal and vertical position of the point on which they are positioned. The horizontal position of a marker is shown by a dotted vertical line which extends from the top to the bottom of the measurement diagram.
  • Page 12 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The automatic tracking feature makes positioning of the markers easier, thus helping the user to speed up measurements. The following tracking modes are available: • Peak Min (p) • Peak Max (P) •...
  • Page 13 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK For example, you could set Marker 1 to automatically track the minimum VSWR values in the trace: «Marker1» «Tracking» «Peak Min» «VSWR»; and Marker 2 to track the crossovers on the 50-ohm impedance value: «Marker2»...

  • Page 14: Changing The Vertical Axis Parameter

    SARK 4.8 Changing the Vertical Axis Parameter In Scalar Chart mode, the SARK-110 can display two traces from any of the available parameters for the vertical axis. Use Navigator A to highlight either «LeftY» or «RightY» in the main menu.
  • Page 15 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK After selecting the «Save File» submenu option, enter the file name. By default, the file name has the format “sark_xxx.csv” (or “sark_xxx.tdr” for Cable Test mode), where xxx is an automatically assigned number.
  • Page 16 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK «Load Bitmap File» Use the «Load Bitmap File» option to display a captured screenshot. Press the Select [■] button to finalize the operation. «Browse Bitmaps» Select the option «Browse Bitmaps» from the «File» menu to review the captured screenshots.
  • Page 17 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK «Delete All» Use the «Delete All» option to delete all user files. When selecting the «Delete All» option, a confirmation dialog box is activated to prevent an accidental deletion. «Deep Sweep Save»...
  • Page 18 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Enter the file name. Enter the number of frequency points. Minimum value is 258 and maximum value is 10000. Specify optional delay automatic start of the measurements (self-timer function). When a Delay is specified, a countdown will commence.

  • Page 19: Taking Screenshots

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Otherwise, press the appropriate button to continue. After completing the sweep scan, the analyzer will save the results of the sweep scan to the file. Notice that the scan time is much longer...

  • Page 20: Changing The Operating Mode

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Note: the bitmap files use a significant amount of disk (48 or 94kB per screenshot) 4.11 Changing the Operating Mode Use Navigator A to highlight «Mode» in the main menu.
  • Page 21 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Use Navigator B to highlight the Rotate Screen submenu setup option. Press the Select [■] button to flip the screen. Repeat the process to flip the screen back. Setup –Calibration The calibration features are accessible through the Calibration submenu: Setup –...
  • Page 22 Setup - Scale The SARK-110 provides three pre-defined scale values: Normal, High, and Low as well as automatic scaling. This setting defines the maximum and minimum values for each parameter on the Y axis, see Appendix H:. This setup is valid for the Scalar Chart, Field, and Multi-band modes.
  • Page 23 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Setup - Z0 This setup permits the reference characteristic impedance to be changed. The value can be selected from a set of predetermined values or it can be user-specified selecting the Custom option.
  • Page 24 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK After power-off, press the Select [■] button to resume operation. Alternatively, power off and power on the device using the Power Switch. Setup - Cable Type The length measurements in the cable test mode and transmission line operations require the proper setting of the cable type.
  • Page 25 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Setup – Color Theme This setup permits a choice of two color themes: «Black» or «White». The screenshots below shows graphs with color themes set to «White» and «Black»: Rev 1.2.6 October 3...
  • Page 26 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Setup – Plot Thickness This setup allows a choice of thickness of the diagram’s traces from two options: «Thick» and «Thin». This option is unavailable in the Field Mode graph, where traces are always set to thick.
  • Page 27 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Setup – Filter This setup offers the choice of one of two noise reduction filters or none for the Scalar Chart, Smith Chart, Field and Multi-band modes. The «Average» filter minimizes the noise but at the expense of reducing the measurement speed.
  • Page 28 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK reduces measurement ripple by doubling the number of samples taken, but at the expense of a slower sweep speed. This enhancement of the measurements is more noticeable when using automatic scales for measurement over a small range of values. The «Normal / low resolution»...
  • Page 29 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Setup – Units This setup allows configuration of distance units either in meters or feet. Setup – Reset to Factory Defaults This setup permits resetting the analyzer to its default settings.
  • Page 30 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The internal disk drive can be optionally formatted. Press the Select [■] button to format the disk or any other button if only a reset to factory defaults is required.
  • Page 31 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Rev 1.2.6 October 3 , 2015 - 31 - © Melchor Varela – EA4FRB 2011-2015...

  • Page 32: Scalar Chart Mode

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 5 Scalar Chart Mode Diagram Frequency and span settings Traces Transmission Line length setting Markers Reference impedance setting Vertical axis labeling Loaded data file name Frequency axis labeling Disk write operation in progress...
  • Page 33 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Use Navigator A to highlight «Mode» in the main menu. Press the Select [■] button to activate the Mode popup submenu and use Navigator B to highlight «Scalar Chart» submenu mode option.

  • Page 34: Smith Chart Mode

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 6 Smith Chart Mode Diagram Frequency and span settings Trace Transmission Line length setting Markers Reference impedance setting Constant impedance circle Loaded data file name Frequency start and end Disk write operation in progress...
  • Page 35 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The analyzer performs measurements and updates the plot continuously if the Run Mode in the «Setup» menu is set to Continuous. The sweep can be stopped at any time by pressing the Run/Hold [►||] button.

  • Page 36: Single Frequency Mode

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 7 Single Frequency Mode VSWR bar Detailed measurements Series impedance complex form Detailed measurements extended Circuit equivalent series Frequency setting Series resistance and equivalent Transmission Line length setting inductance (or capacitance) values...
  • Page 37 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Use Navigator A to highlight «Mode» in the main menu. Press the Select [■] button to activate the Mode popup submenu and use Navigator B to highlight «Single Frequency» submenu mode option.
  • Page 38 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Another supported presentation mode is Matching Networks. In this mode the analyzer calculates automatically the L/C values in four matching networks. Select «Disp» «Matching Networks» for this presentation mode. Rev 1.2.6 October 3...

  • Page 39: Cable Test Mode (Tdr)

    Cable Test or Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) mode is intended to identify potential coaxial cable faults that could disrupt signal transmission. Unlike native TDR test equipment, the method of measurement in the SARK-110 is based on the theory of Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR).
  • Page 40 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK information about the location and the nature of any fault. The impulse response trace (green trace) gives an indication of the fault location. The step response trace (red trace) provides an indication of the nature of the fault.
  • Page 41 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Figures below illustrate the responses of known discontinuities: Rev 1.2.6 October 3 , 2015 - 41 - © Melchor Varela – EA4FRB 2011-2015...

  • Page 42: Field Mode

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 9 Field Mode Diagram Transmission Line length setting Trace Reference impedance setting Vertical axis labeling Loaded data file name Frequency axis labeling Disk write operation in progress Maximum and minimum values...
  • Page 43 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Use Navigator A to highlight «Mode» in the main menu. Press the Select [■] button to activate the Mode popup submenu and use Navigator B to highlight «Field» submenu mode option.

  • Page 44: Multi-Band Mode

    The Multiband mode is a unique feature of the SARK-110 to display the plot of an impedance parameter in four scalar charts simultaneously. This feature is ideal for tuning multiband antennas. Additionally, it can be used to display different views of the same band, as a kind of zoom feature.
  • Page 45 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Operation is similar to the scalar chart mode but with some limitations such as unavailability of markers, there is only a single trace and load and save data file operations are not available.

  • Page 46: Signal Generator Mode

    SARK 11 Signal Generator Mode The SARK-110 can be used as a programmable RF signal source in Signal Generator Mode. It outputs a sinusoidal RF signal at a frequency programmable from 1 kHz to 230 MHz with eight user selectable amplitude levels ranging from -73 dBm to -10 dBm. In addition, frequency sweeps can be programmed with linear, bi-linear, logarithmic, or bi-logarithmic functions.
  • Page 47 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The signal generator outputs continuously unless it is paused by pressing the Run/Hold [►||] button. In the Hold state the level graph and power level indicators change to red. Signal generation can be resumed at any time by pressing the Run/Hold [►||] button again.
  • Page 48 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The following parameters should be supplied: • Sweep: None Continuous frequency mode Frequency Sweep frequency mode • Repeat: Continuous Continuous signal generation Single Signal generator stops after a single sweep...
  • Page 49 Another useful output power level value for receiver testing is -107dBm, which is 1uV into 50 ohms and equates to S1 on an S-meter. This power level is not available in the SARK-110, but a 34dB attenuator could be made to give -107dBm with a pi network of two 52 ohm resistors as shunt in and out and a 1.2k + 52 ohm series resistor.

  • Page 50: Computer Control Mode

    SARK 12 Computer Control Mode The SARK-110 can be operated from a personal computer using SARK Plots client software for Windows, further enhancing the capabilities of the instrument. There is no need to install a dedicated driver since the communication is implemented using the standard USB HID interface.
  • Page 51 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The command interface specification is open for anyone wishing to develop client software. Source code examples of the communication interface are available for different operating systems. This information is available at the following link: http://www.sark110.com/commands-interface...

  • Page 52: Transmission Line Add/Subtract

    SARK 13 Transmission Line Add/Subtract The SARK-110 provides the capability of subtracting a length of transmission line (transpose to load) or adding a length of transmission line (transpose to input). Use the subtraction feature to discount the effect of the feed line so the measurements will be as if the analyzer were connected at the antenna feed point.
  • Page 53 As a precondition the cable must be unterminated at the far end. Set the SARK-110 to Smith Chart mode and select «Preset» «Full HF». The Smith Chart will show a spiral from infinite impedance and going towards the centre. When setting negative length values, this spiral will be progressively unrolled and transposed to the infinite impedance point when the exact length will be set.
  • Page 54 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Rev 1.2.6 October 3 , 2015 - 54 - © Melchor Varela – EA4FRB 2011-2015...

  • Page 55: Circuit Models

    SARK 14 Circuit Models The SARK-110 provides advanced analysis features, including the automatic determination of the circuit models of small loop antennas or coils, capacitors and quartz crystals. It is also capable of automatically determining different parameters having to do with transmission lines.
  • Page 56 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Select the file name and press [●] or select [▲] when the results are not to be saved in a file Enter the desired operating frequency After some seconds the results are shown on the screen.

  • Page 57: Capacitor

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Self-resonant frequency of the antenna Z(Fop) Z at operating frequency Z(Fra) Z at resonant frequency Equivalent resistance at F = 1 MHz Equivalent inductance at F = 1 MHz Equivalent resistance at the self-resonant frequency The antenna capacitance is calculated with the following equation: π...
  • Page 58 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Select the file name and press [●] or select [▲] when the results are not to be saved in a file Enter the operating frequency After some seconds the results are shown on the screen.

  • Page 59: Quartz Crystal

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Self-resonant frequency of the capacitor Z(Fop) Z at operating frequency Z(Fra) Z at resonance frequency Equivalent capacitance at F = 1 MHz Equivalent resistance at the self-resonant frequency The capacitor’s parasitic inductance is calculated with the following equation: π...
  • Page 60 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK After some seconds the results are shown on the screen. A screenshot can be captured by selecting [●] The figure below describes the measured parameters: The process starts by searching for the series and parallel resonant frequencies. The start scan frequency is taken from the specified frequency value.

  • Page 61: Transmission Line

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK × 14.4 Transmission Line This feature allows you to automatically measure different parameters having to do with transmission lines, namely: • The line's characteristic impedance (Z0) • The true velocity factor •...
  • Page 62 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Enter the transmission line length Connect the transmission line terminated with an open circuit. Press the appropriate button to continue, or to exit. Connect the transmission line terminated with a short circuit.
  • Page 63 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK × The calculation of the Velocity Factor (VF) and matched loss is more convoluted and will not be explained here. The relevant information is that the VF is provided at the upper frequency and the matched loss is provided at the maximum frequency and the arithmetic mean for all frequency points.

  • Page 64: Specifications

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 15 Specifications • General Frequency range: 100 kHz to 230 MHz • Frequency resolution: 1 Hz • Frequency stability: ± 30 ppm • Sine wave output • RF Connector: MCX socket •...
  • Page 65 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Scalar Chart Mode • Graphical plot of two user-selected parameters in a rectangular chart • Two markers with manual or automatic positioning • Display detailed parameters for center frequency or any of the two marker positions •...
  • Page 66 • Measurement data save and recall feature • Possibility of files with user definable frequency presets, scale settings, and three custom cable types • Measurement data files compatible with SARK Plots and ZPLOTS programs • Automated Open/Short/Load calibration with up to eight stored profiles Calibration •...

  • Page 67: Precautions

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 16 Precautions 1. Never connect the unit to an antenna during a lightning storm. Lightning strikes and static discharges can damage the unit and may kill the operator. 2. Never apply an RF signal or any other external voltage to the test port of this unit. Doing so may damage the unit.

  • Page 68: Acknowledgments

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK 18 Acknowledgments • I would like to offer a special thanks to the Seeed Studio team for making this product a reality. • The analyzer schematics and layout have been developed using the DesignSpark PCB tool.

  • Page 69: Appendix A: Theory Of Operation

    The block diagram below illustrates the main functional blocks of the SARK-110 Antenna Analyzer: The SARK-110 comprises four main sections: a signal generator used as an active source, a bridge to provide signal separation, two tuned receivers that downconvert and detect the signals and a microcontroller and display for calculating and reviewing the results.
  • Page 70 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK mode. Most DDS designs use a broadband balun transformer to convert to single end mode but because of the restricted height available in the SARK110 enclosure a silicon-based solution was chosen.

  • Page 71: Appendix B: Fundamental Parameters

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Appendix B: Fundamental Parameters Abbreviation Parameter Description Series resistance Resistive value of a series impedance Series reactance Reactance value of a series impedance Parallel resistance Resistive value of a parallel impedance...
  • Page 72 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Abbreviation Parameter Description <Rho Reflection It is a measure of the phase angle of the ratio of the Coefficient Angle amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the (S11 Angle) incident wave.

  • Page 73: Appendix C: Upgrading The Firmware

    1. Connect the SARK-110 to the PC with a USB cable 2. Copy the firmware file, e.g. SARK110-VAA-APP.x.y.z.dfu to the SARK’s USB disk 3. Power off the SARK-110 and power it on again while simultaneously holding down the Run/Hold [►||] button 4.

  • Page 74: Appendix D: Osl Calibration

    Appendix D: OSL Calibration The SARK-110 provides a calibration procedure to compensate for the stray capacitance and impedance of the external test fixture, e.g. the extension cable. This should be performed every time the external test fixture is changed as well as periodically.
  • Page 75 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK After selecting the calibration profile, the profile characteristics are shown in a popup dialog. Once the calibration profile has been selected, choose «Setup» «Calibration» «OSL Calibration» to start the OSL calibration procedure.
  • Page 76 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The calibration procedure is as follows: Enter the start frequency (default is the lower frequency limit) Enter the stop frequency (default is the upper frequency limit) Connect the open load.
  • Page 77 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The calibration progress will be shown in the display bar. Connect the short-circuit load. Load status is indicated by the color of the |Rh| indicator. Green denotes load good status.
  • Page 78 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The calibration progress will be shown in the display bar. Press the appropriate button to apply the new calibration settings, or to cancel them. Rev 1.2.6 October 3 , 2015 - 78 - ©...

  • Page 79: Appendix E: Frequency Calibration

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Appendix E: Frequency Calibration This setup permits the frequency synthesizer to be calibrated to 1 Hz. The calibration operation is available at «Setup» «Calibration» «Frequency Calibration». To calibrate the synthesizer, select «Frequency Calibration» from the «Calibration» submenu and adjust the frequency while measuring it with an accurate frequency counter or, alternatively, zero-beat it against WWV.

  • Page 80: Appendix F: Detector Calibration

    Appendix F: Detector Calibration This procedure performs alignment of the SARK-110’s internal measurement circuits. This operation is done once at the factory and it is not necessary for the user to repeat it, but the procedure is detailed for completeness. This procedure comprises a calibration phase and an optional detector-test phase to check the detector circuits.
  • Page 81 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK The calibration procedure is as follows: Connect the short load. Load status is indicated by the color of the voltage and current detector indicators. Green denotes a load good status.
  • Page 82 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Connect the 0-ohm load. Load status is indicated by the color of the voltage and current detector indicators. Green denotes a load good status. Press the appropriate button to continue, or to exit.
  • Page 83 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Press the appropiate button to repeat the test, or to exit. Rev 1.2.6 October 3 , 2015 - 83 - © Melchor Varela – EA4FRB 2011-2015...

  • Page 84: Appendix G: Frequency Presets File

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Appendix G: Frequency Presets File Default frequency presets can be modified by the user by supplying a special text file stored on the analyzer’s disk. The file name must be “presets.txt” and the format for each band entry in the...

  • Page 85: Appendix H: Scale Presets

    User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Appendix H: Scale Presets The following tables show the default scale presets: Normal Scale High Scale 1000 5000 -500 Linear -2500 2500 Linear 5000 1000 -2500 2500 Linear -500 Linear...
  • Page 86 User’s Manual SARK SARK- - - - 110 SARK SARK Default scale presets can be modified by the user by supplying special text files stored on the analyzer’s disk. The file names for each of the scales have to be the following: •...

  • Page 87: Appendix I: Custom Cable Settings

    Appendix I: Custom Cable Settings The SARK-110 allows the user to specify three custom cable settings by supplying a special text file stored on the analyzer’s disk. The file name must be “custcab.txt” and the format for each cable entry in the file is as follows:...

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