Cisco Gigabit Switch Router 12008 Installation And Configuration Manual page 89

Each OC-12c/STM-4c ATM line card incorporates the following primary components:
•
Reassembly and segmentation—The transceivers support packet reassembly
(converting ATM cells to packets) and segmentation (converting packets to ATM cells).
The transceivers can handle up to 4000 simultaneous reassemblies (based on an average
packet size of 280 bytes). In addition, the reassembly application-specific integrated
circuit (ASIC) and the segmentation ASIC support up to 15,000 active virtual circuits.
The SONET specification for fiber-optic transmission defines two types of fiber: single
mode and multimode. Signals can travel farther through single mode fiber than through
multimode fiber.
The maximum distance for single-mode installations is determined by the amount of
light loss in the fiber path. Good quality single-mode fiber with very few splices can
carry an OC-3c/STM-1c signal 9.3 miles (15 km) or more; good quality miltimode fiber
can carry a signal up to 1640 feet (500 m).
•
Burst buffers—The burst buffer (4 MB) prevents the dropping of packets during
instantaneous increases in the number of back-to-back small packets being transmitted
at OC-12 line rates. Burst buffers provide high throughput while smoothing out the
arriving packet burst for the Layer 3 switch processor.
•
Buffer memory—The silicon queuing engine controls the placement of IP packets in
buffer memory as well as their removal from buffer memory. The default packet buffer
memory is 32 MB, which includes 16 MB of receive (Rx) buffers and 16 MB of transmit
(Tx) buffers. The buffer memory can be configured to support up to 64 MB of receive
buffers and 64 MB of transmit buffers. The buffers can support delays comparable to the
longest round trip delays measured in the Internet at OC-3/STM-1 line rates.
•
Layer 2 switching accelerator—The Layer 2 switching accelerator assists the
forwarding processor. It is a specially designed application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC) that optimizes access to the Layer 2 and Layer 3 information within each packet.
At very high line rates, this access process must be executed as rapidly as possible,
which is why an ASIC is dedicated to the process.
•
Forwarding processor—A forwarding processor makes forwarding decisions based on
information in the Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) table and the Layer 2 and Layer 3
information in the packet. The GRP constantly updates forwarding information in the
forwarding table based on the latest information in the routing table.
Overview of the Cisco 12008
Product Overview 1-67