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CDD-880 Multi Receiver Router
Appendix H
H.2
Background
ACM has been used for some time in wireless communications, including terrestrial microwave
applications and, more recently, over satellite links. The primary function of ACM is to optimize
throughput in a wireless data link, by adapting the modulation order used and the Forward Error
Correction code rate – both of which directly affect spectral efficiency (expressed in bits per
second per Hertz) according to the noise conditions (or other impairments) on the link. Implicit in
this concept is that the symbol rate (and power) of the wireless communication system must
remain constant. This ensures that the bandwidth allocated for a particular link is never exceeded.
Given that the symbol rate does not change, if modulation and coding are changed, the data
rate must therefore be modified. This is expressed in the simple equation:
Symbol rate = bit rate / (modulation order * code rate)
For example, for Rate 3/4 QPSK (where modulation order = 2):
Symbol rate = bit rate * 0.666
Re-arranging:
Bit rate = symbol rate * modulation order * code rate
So, in changing to a higher modulation order or code rate, the bit rate is increased, and in
changing to a lower modulation order or code rate, the bit rate is reduced. However, some
important factors must be considered:
•
The digital communications system must be able to tolerate a change in bit rate.
Synchronous serial interfaces (such as G.703 E1, which operated at a fixed data rate of
2.048 Mbps) are totally unsuitable in a scheme where data rate is changing. The only
practical application for this scheme is a packet-based scheme that will tolerate a
change in data rate, and which has mechanisms within its protocols to recognize when
increased or reduced bandwidth is available. The best example of this is Ethernet, and
this discussion is limited to schemes that employ it. The CDM-840 supports both IP and
E1 (internally packetized) operation with ACM.
•
The bit rate cannot be changed arbitrarily. The link noise conditions, described in terms
of Eb/No or SNR, must be able to support reliable communications for the given
modulation order and code rate. This is a key point as, in fact, the link SNR is the input
that drives the adaptation.
H–2
MN-CDD880
Revision 2
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