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Comtech EF Data Vipersat 564L User Manual

Vipersat cdd-56x series satellite network demodulator router
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Vipersat CDD-56X Series
Satellite Network Demodulator Router

User Guide

CDD-562L
CDD-564/564L
Part Number MN/22137 Revision 0

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Summary of Contents for Comtech EF Data Vipersat 564L

  • Page 1: User Guide

    Vipersat CDD-56X Series Satellite Network Demodulator Router User Guide CDD-562L CDD-564/564L Part Number MN/22137 Revision 0...
  • Page 3 Vipersat CDD-56X Series CDD-562L, CDD-564/564L Version 1.5.x User Guide Part number MN/22137 Document Revision 0 Firmware Version 1.5.x March 10, 2008...
  • Page 4 Part Number MN/22137 Manual Revision 0 Firmware Version 1.5.x ©2008 by Comtech EF Data, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be copied or reproduced without prior written permission of Comtech EF Data, Inc. Comtech reserves the right to revise this publication at any time without obligation to provide notification of such revision.

  • Page 5: Document Revision History

    Document Revision History Revision Date Description 3/10/08 Initial Release Note: This new document part number, MN/22137, supercedes the previous CDD-56X User Guide part number, 22137. New functionality in v1.5.4: New DPC Enhancements; STDMA Power Hunt; Hitless Switching; New VMS Registration and Managing Address Method;...
  • Page 6 { This Page is Intentionally Blank }...

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 General Quick Start Configuration How to Use This Manual ... 1-1 Introduction ....2-1 Manual Organization .
  • Page 8 5 – Entry Channel ..3-12 Managing IP Address ... 3-38 Group ID ....3-12 Primary Heart Beat .
  • Page 9 Load Switching ....B-3 Upgrade Overview ... . . D-3 Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by Required Support Utilities and Firmware D-3 the STDMA Controller .
  • Page 10 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } Vipersat CDD-56X Series User Guide...

  • Page 11: List Of Figures

    List of Figures Chapter 2 Figures 3-23 Figure 3-26 Remote SCPC Data Rate prompt3-23 Figure 3-27 Global SCPC Data Rate prompt .3-24 Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen....2-4 Figure 3-28 Global Switch Type prompt .
  • Page 12 Figure 3-63 Vipersat Migration prompt ..3-49 Figure 3-64 UDP Port Base Address prompt . 3-50 Appendix D Figures Appendix A Figures Figure D-1 Firmware Migration Stages—CDM-570 Figure A-1 The Seven OSI Protocol Layers . . .A-2 Figure D-2 Main Menu, Telnet .

  • Page 13: List Of Tables

    List of Tables Chapter 2 Tables Table 2-1 CDD-56X Network Roles and Functions Table 2-2 Vipersat Feature Configuration ..2-6 Appendix B Tables Table B-1 STDMA ACK Message ..B-3 Appendix C Tables Table C-1 Dynamic Power Control ParametersC-2 L i s t o f T a b l e s...
  • Page 14 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } Vipersat CDD-56X Series User Guide viii...

  • Page 15: How To Use This Manual

    H A P T E R ENERAL How to Use This Manual This manual documents the enhanced Vipersat features and functions of the CDD-56X Series (CDD-562L, CDD-564, and CDD-564L) of Satellite Network Demodulator Routers, and guides the user in how to configure these products for use in a Vipersat network.

  • Page 16: Chapter 3 - Using The Command Line

    H o w t o U s e T h i s M a n u a l Chapter 3 — Using the Command Line Interface (CLI) Describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDD-56X in a Vipersat network.

  • Page 17: Product Description

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n The following documents are referenced in this manual, and provide supple- mentary information for the reader: • CDD-564L L-Band Quad Demodulator with IP Module Installation and Operation Manual (Part Number MN/CDD564L.IOM) •...

  • Page 18: Router Features

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n • Data Rate Range from 16 kbps up to 9.98 Mbps, depending on modulation and FEC used (with FAST feature upgrade) • Turbo Product Coding (TPC) FEC •...

  • Page 19: Stdma

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n In a typical Vipersat application used in conjunction with CDM-570/570L modems, the CDD-56X demodulators are drawn from a pool for assignment to a connection-oriented link.

  • Page 20: Turbo Product Coding

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t i o n Turbo Product Coding The Comtech Vipersat CDD-56X incorporates a Turbo Product Codec (TPC) error correction, delivering significant performance improvement when compared to Viterbi with concatenated Reed-Solomon. TPC simultaneously offers increased coding gain, lower decoding delay, and significant bandwidth savings.

  • Page 21: Stdma Power Hunt

    P r o d u c t D e s c r i p t io n multi-command message configuration (i.e., bit rate, modulation, FEC) look-up per BER table and used to modify the tatget E to sustain an acceptable bit performance over all possible waveform configurations.

  • Page 22: Sotm (Satellite On The Move)

    C u s t o m e r S up p o r t SOTM (Satellite On The Move) Features supporting SOTM required for maritime and other mobile applications are now incorporated in this firmware release. Working in conjunction with the ROSS (Roaming Oceanic Satellite Server), these features include the TEK (Transmit Enable Keep-alive) message, a satellite ID, and an SOTM enable/ disable flag.

  • Page 23: Reader Comments / Corrections

    C u s t om e r S u p p o r t Reader Comments / Corrections If the reader would like to submit any comments or corrections regarding this manual and its contents, please forward them to a Vipersat Customer Support representative.
  • Page 24 C u s t o m e r S up p o r t { This Page is Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C D D - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e 1-10...

  • Page 25: Quick Start Configuration

    H A P T E R UICK TART ONFIGURATION Introduction This chapter describes the minimum configuration of a Vipersat CDD-56X Series Demodulator Router that is necessary in order for the equipment to func- tion in a Vipersat network. The Vipersat CDD-56X Demodulator Router stores its configuration in an ASCII file named the PARAM file.

  • Page 26: Initial Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Initial Configuration Note: Many of the settings required for equipment configuration are based on NOTE the LAN/WAN and Satellite network design, and should be obtained from the network administrator.

  • Page 27: Setting Vipersat Cdd-56X Operating Parameters

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Table 2-1 CDD-56X Network Roles and Functions Demod Role / Location Expansion STDMA SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC SCPC Remote SCPC SCPC SCPC...

  • Page 28: Figure 2-1 Main Menu Screen

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Figure 2-1 Main Menu screen From the Administration screen shown in figure 2-2, select the Features Configuration command by entering F at the command prompt. Figure 2-2 Administration screen From the Feature Configuration menu shown in figure 2-3, verify...

  • Page 29: Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration Screen

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-3 Feature Configuration screen To enter the feature code, enter Y at the command prompt, then enter the 20 digit FAST Feature Code, as shown in figure 2-4. Figure 2-4 FAST Feature Code dialog Tip: The network administrator will have the FAST Feature codes.

  • Page 30: Set The Ip Address

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Figure 2-5 Working Mode dialog When the reboot is completed, return to the Feature Configuration menu and configure the settings for Vipersat STDMA and Auto Switching according to the table below.

  • Page 31: Configure The Route Table

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-6 Ethernet Interface screen Enter I at the command prompt, and enter the IP address for this unit. Save the settings to flash by entering S at the command prompt. Configure the Route Table Routing in a Vipersat Network CDD-56X Demodulator Routers operating in Vipersat mode do not use the...

  • Page 32: Creating The Routes

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n usable addresses at the Hub as well as at the Remotes. For details on IP address- ing, refer to Appendix A, "Network Addressing". By putting the one route statement “Remotes 172.16.128.0/17 Wan to Sat”...

  • Page 33: Set The Satellite Demod Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-7 Configuring the Route Table screen In a Hub configuration, the default gateway will typically point to a router on the same LAN as the CDD-56X Hub unit.

  • Page 34: Set The Vipersat Configuration

    I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Enter R to access the Rx Configuration screen shown in figure 2-8. Set the Rx parameters for Frequency, Data Rate, FEC, Code Rate, and Modulation as specified by the network administrator.

  • Page 35: Figure 2-9 Vipersat Configuration Screen (Hub)

    I n i t i a l C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 2-9 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) Enter R at the command prompt to toggle the Unit Role to either Hub or Remote.
  • Page 36 I n i t i a l C o n f i gu r a t i o n Enter I at the command prompt to set the Managing IP Address. The Managing IP Address is the IP address of the VMS server. Enter H to go to the Home State Configuration menu screen, then enter W to set the current configuration as the Home State.

  • Page 37: Using The Command Line Interface

    H A P T E R SING THE OMMAND NTERFACE (CLI) General This chapter describes the use of the CLI for configuring and monitoring the CDD-56X Demodulator/Router in a Vipersat network. Each CLI screen related to a CDD-56X operating in Vipersat mode is presented, along with a detailed description of the available commands.

  • Page 38: Common Screen Commands

    G e n e r a l Common Screen Commands The following commands appear on each of the menu screens: Demod Select Some feature configurations apply to the CDD-56X as a unit, others are set on a per Demod basis. This command (enter Z) allows the selection of one of the two (CDD-562L) or four (CDD-564/564L) Demodulators.

  • Page 39: Menu Descriptions

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Menu Descriptions This section details the CLI menus and associated screens, and briefly discusses the function of each of the commands available on each menu. Main Menu The Main Menu, shown in figure 3-1, allows configuring both the Demodula- tor and Router functions of the target CDD-56X.

  • Page 40: Figure 3-2 Administration Screen

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Figure 3-2 Administration screen Ensure that the Working Mode is set to Router-Vipersat. If it is not, enter C at the command prompt and change the setting by selecting 4, as shown in figure 3-3.

  • Page 41: Feature Configuration

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Feature Configuration Figure 3-4 Feature Configuration screen The Feature Configuration screen shown in figure 3-4 allows the Enabling and Disabling of the major Vipersat CDD-56X features. Use this screen to enable and disable Vipersat features such as: •...

  • Page 42: Vipersat Management

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s Figure 3-5 FAST Feature Code dialog Tip: Contact either the network administrator or Comtech Vipersat Networks Customer Support to obtain the Feature codes. A convenient option is to use the Vipersat Vload utility to manage Feature codes.

  • Page 43: Vipersat File Streamer

    M e n u D e s c r i p t i o n s To activate the Vipersat Auto Switching capabilities of the target CDD-56X, toggle the Auto Switching command to Enabled by entering W at the command prompt.

  • Page 44: Vipersat Configuration

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Vipersat Configuration Entering V at the prompt from the CDD-56X Main Menu shown in figure 3-1 displays the Vipersat Configuration menu shown in figure 3-6. Figure 3-6 Vipersat Configuration screen (Hub) This menu lists the available commands for configuring a Vipersat CDD-56X.

  • Page 45: Stdma

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-7 STDMA screen (Hub, STDMA, Fixed type) Figure 3-8 STDMA screen (Hub/Remote, SCPC) STDMA This menu item is read-only and shows the current state of STDMA in the CDD-56X.

  • Page 46: Stdma Tx Rate

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n STDMA Tx Rate This menu item shows the STDMA Transmit Rate (in bps) of data that the CDD-56X receives. This item is read-only and cannot be modified in this menu. Hub Type This menu item is only displayed if the CDD-56X is being used as a Hub in the network, and provides the functionality for the STDMA Burst Controller.

  • Page 47: Fixed

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n 1 – Fixed In the Fixed mode, all remotes have the same data slot size regardless of type of traffic or load. This mode minimizes the amount of jitter between remote trans- mission times, and is useful for tuning STDMA as well as for troubleshooting purposes.

  • Page 48: Entry Channel

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n The GIR setting for each Remote is specified using the STDMA Remote Poli- cies screen (refer to the section “Set Remote Policies” on page 3-21). When combined with Auto switching, GIR allows trigger points to be set where the Remote will jump out into SCPC mode.

  • Page 49: Stdma Power Hunt

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Allocation of bandwidth is shared among the remotes in an STDMA group. Depending on the number of remotes in a network, a Hub may have multiple burst controllers, each with its own set of remotes.

  • Page 50: Burstmap Multicast Ip

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n tion times at these data rates, even with higher noise, resulting in improved effi- ciency of the shared STDMA channel. Since signal lock is faster at higher data rates, BFAT is not active above 256 kbps.

  • Page 51: Cycles Per Burst Map

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-12 Outbound IP prompt Cycles Per Burst Map This menu item, which appears for all Hub types except Dynamic Cycle and GIR, displays the number of spin cycles that will occur prior to each broadcast of the Burst Map by the burst controller to the remotes.

  • Page 52: Slot Preamble Length

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n This value can be modified by entering a G at the command prompt to display the dialog shown in figure 3-14 and entering a new value. Figure 3-14 Slot Guardband prompt Note: The value entered at the command line in figure 3-14 is in milliseconds.

  • Page 53: Slot Data Length

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Tip: Refer to the Viper Calculator for determining Slot Preamble Length values to enter at the command prompt. For a copy of the latest Viper Calculator, contact a Comtech Vipersat Networks representative.

  • Page 54: Maximum Data Length

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-17 Nominal Data Length prompt Maximum Data Length This menu item, which appears for Dynamic Cycle Hub type, displays the current Maximum Data Length in milliseconds and bytes for the remotes in the group, and represents the maximum amount of data that can be transmitted or received in one spin of the STDMA cycle by each of the remotes belonging...

  • Page 55: Slot Cycle Length

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Entering an M at the command prompt brings up the dialog shown in figure 3-19 allowing the minimum data length, in milliseconds, to be changed for the target CDD-56X.

  • Page 56: Adding A Remote To The Stdma Group

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-20 STDMA Remotes Menu screen Adding a Remote to the STDMA Group Entering the item number for the Remote demodulator/router brings up the dialog shown in figure 3-21.

  • Page 57: Base

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n • R = Removed – This Remote is currently removed from the burstmap. When displayed, this status indicates that the Hub has removed this remote from the burstmap due to a communications fault.

  • Page 58: Figure 3-23 Stdma Remote Policies Screen

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n at the STDMA Remotes Menu command prompt displays the Remote Policies screens shown in figure 3-23 (GIR Hub) and figure 3-25 (Entry Channel Hub). Figure 3-23 STDMA Remote Policies screen (GIR Hub) Entering the Remote number at the command prompt in figure 3-23 allows the...

  • Page 59: Figure 3-25 Entry Channel Switch Rates Screen

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-25 Entry Channel Switch Rates screen Entering the Remote number at the command prompt in figure 3-25 allows the SCPC Data Rate and the Switch Type for that Remote to be set, as shown in figure 3-26.

  • Page 60: Delete Remote

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-27 Global SCPC Data Rate prompt Similarly, the Global Switch Type command can be used to set the switch type for all or a majority of the Remotes.

  • Page 61: View Remote(S)

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-30 Enable/Disable Remote prompt Enter the number of the Remote at the command prompt to toggle the Remote from its current Enable/Disable configuration. In the example screen shown above, both Remotes 1 and 2 are Enabled.

  • Page 62: Remove Retry Timeout

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-32 Remove Timeout prompt The value entered at the command prompt defines the amount of time (in seconds) with no communication from a Remote to the Hub before that Remote is removed from the Burst Map.

  • Page 63: Stdma Statistics

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n This allows, again using a mobile Remote as an example, shutting down the Remote at one location, moving it to a new location, and then automatically re- establishing a connection to the satellite network.

  • Page 64: Stats Accumulation Window

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Stats Accumulation Window Entering W at the command prompt displays the Stats Accumulation Window as shown in figure 3-36. The time period, in seconds, for capturing STDMA statistics can be specified.

  • Page 65: Stdma/Scpc Automatic Switching

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n In figure 3-37, Remote 1 with IP address 10.1.128.1 had activity during the averaging period. It captured 37.8% of the total slot time and had an average slot length of 283 ms.

  • Page 66: Auto Switching

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Automatic Switching for the CDD-56X is an option that is available only when configured as an STDMA Hub unit (burst controller). Note that Automatic switching does not apply to either a Hub with Expansion or a Remote with Expansion;...

  • Page 67: Current Wan Transmit Mode

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Current WAN Transmit Mode The Current WAN Transmit Mode item on the menu in figure 3-38 is infor- mation only and reflects the current transmit status of a unit. In the case of the CDD-56X, there is no transmit function (no modulator) and this parameter is not applicable.

  • Page 68: Stdma Switch Delay

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Typically the default settings will be optimum, but there may be unique network configurations which require modifying the STDMA Slot Capacity value. STDMA Switch Delay In order to minimize unnecessary switching from STDMA to SCPC due to tran- sient conditions, such as a temporary spike in network traffic for example, a...

  • Page 69: Keep Alive Timer For Carrier Inhibit

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Typically the default value will be optimum, but if there may be a larger band- width requirement after the switch, the percent allocation value can be increased.

  • Page 70: Delay For Mod

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n a means to coordinate timing and utilize buffering to eliminate these data outages. To access the Hitless Switching screen, enter H from the STDMA/SCPC Auto Switching screen (see figure 3-38).

  • Page 71: Apply Delay Values

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-44 Set LockTime prompt To disable Hitless Switching, enter -1 for all lock times. Apply Delay Values To implement any modifications to the Hitless Switching parameters, enter A at the command prompt to apply these values to the modem.

  • Page 72: Expansion Unit

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Expansion Unit The Expansion Unit menu item in the Vipersat Configuration screen (figure 3-6) defines whether the target CDD-56X is to function as an Expansion unit (all demods configured to operate in SCPC mode) or not.

  • Page 73: Unit Name

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-47 Network ID prompt The Network ID is used by the VMS to identify units that are common to a network and allows the VMS to manage multiple networks, each with its own unique Network ID number.

  • Page 74: Managing Ip Address

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n CDD-56X responds to the VMS server with a unicast containing its current configuration data, including the CDD-56X’s IP address. When the VMS receives the unicast response, it registers the CDD-56X on the network.

  • Page 75: Primary Heart Beat

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n multicast message. However, the modems WILL NOT send their regis- tration messages until this address is set. Once the unit is registered, the I command is removed from the Vipersat Configuration menu.

  • Page 76: Dynamic Power Control Configuration

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n cally revert to its Home State settings and the VMS will remove all allocated resources (bandwidth, demod(s)), freeing them for use by any other Remote in the Vipersat network.

  • Page 77: Dpc Enabled

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-51 DPC Configuration screen (Hub, STDMA) Figure 3-52 DPC Configuration screen (Hub/Remote, SCPC) Tip: The DPC feature will not function unless the Outbound IP address is defined in the STDMA screen for the Hub BC modem.

  • Page 78: Speed Up Ebno

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Speed Up EbNo Normally, the DPC message is sent every 60 seconds from each terminal in the network. If the current E value of the terminal drops below the Speed Up EbNo set value, the corresponding terminal increases its message send rate to every 15 seconds until the current value becomes greater than the set value.

  • Page 79: Set Home State Parameters

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-54 Target DPC Address prompt The STDMA Burst Controller (Demod 1 on a CDD-56X configured as Hub with No Expansion) is not permitted to specify a DPC Target because the demodulator is receiving multiple bursts very rapidly from all Remotes in the group and is unable to utilize DPC to control the transmit power of the Remote modems.

  • Page 80: Set Current Configuration As Home State

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-55 Home State Configuration screen A CDD-56X’s Home State settings are typically selected so that it goes to a configuration which is optimum for its function in the network.

  • Page 81: Force Modem To Home State

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Force Modem to Home State If at any time it is desired to have a CDD-56X return to its Home State, this command (enter Y) can be executed.

  • Page 82: Receive Data Rate

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Note that this screen dialog example displays the frequency range for a CDD- 562L/564L L-Band Demodulator/Router. For a CDD-564, the range displayed will be either 50 to 90 MHz or 100 to 180 MHz.

  • Page 83: Receive Modulation Type

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Figure 3-60 Receive Coding Rate prompt Note that Coding Rate 6 (1/1) is not a valid selection when operating in Vipersat mode with Turbo Product Coding.

  • Page 84: Figure 3-62 Vipersat Summary Screen

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-62 Vipersat Summary screen The Node ID number that appears in this screen verifies that the unit is regis- tered with the VMS and is active in the network.

  • Page 85: Vipersat Migration

    V i p e r s a t C o n f i g u r a t io n Vipersat Migration The Vipersat Migration command is used to set the compatibility mode for the Hub Burst Controller when conducting a firmware upgrade on the associated Remotes.

  • Page 86: Figure 3-64 Udp Port Base Address Prompt

    V i p e r s a t C o nf i g u r a t i o n Figure 3-64 UDP Port Base Address prompt Caution: This command affects all communications for the VMS and STDMA. If the base address is changed, it must be changed in the VMS as well as in all modems in all networks controlled by the VMS.

  • Page 87: Appendix A Network Addressing

    P P E N D I X ETWORK DDRESSING Introduction This Appendix is an overview of network addressing and how it applies to configuring the CDD-562L/564/564L for use in Vipersat Networks. The subjects covered are: • OSI Model • Binary Math •...

  • Page 88: The Osi Reference Model

    T h e O S I R e f e r e n c e M o d e l The OSI Reference Model OSI is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection. This is a network model created by ISO (the International Standardization Organization.) The OSI model is the basic standard which forms the basis for all networking protocols.
  • Page 89 T h e O S I R e f e r e n c e M o d e l Together, these two sub-layer protocols are responsible for moving packets on and off the network. Layer 3 / Network Layer – Layer 3 is responsible for routing packets through multiple networks.

  • Page 90: Binary Math

    B i na r y Ma t h Binary Math Network devices communicate using BITS, where a bit is a single digit repre- sented by a 1 or a 0, or by using BYTEs, where a byte is made up of eight bits in any combination of 1’s or 0’s.
  • Page 91 B i n ar y M at h changed the numbering base (radix.) All digital processes are done in binary. The conversion to decimal is done whenever binary values need to be read or entered by humans as their decimal equivalents. A p p e n d i x N e t w o r k A d d r e s s i n g...

  • Page 92: Ip Addressing

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g IP Addressing An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a unique set of numbers assigned to a device on a network to uniquely identify that device (by its IP address). An IP address is a unique number composed of four octets, with each octet separated by a dot.

  • Page 93: Class C

    I P A d d r e s s in g • 16-bit network number • 16-bit node number CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C Address Address High- High- Octet Octet Networks Networks Hosts Hosts Class Class Order-Bits Order-Bits Decimal Range Decimal Range Available Available...

  • Page 94: Class E

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g Class E • 240.0.0.0 to 255.255.255.255 • Reserved for experimental use and limited broadcast Private Network IP Addresses RFC 1918 defines blocks of addresses for use on private networks: •...

  • Page 95: Subnet Mask

    I P A d d r e s s in g In the process of subnetting, bits are borrowed from the host ID portion of an IP address and are then given to the network ID. Then a “Subnet Mask” gets assigned to the host along with the IP address.

  • Page 96: Network Segments

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g Dotted Decimal Dotted Decimal Address Address Binary Values Binary Values IP Address IP Address 192.168.2.66 192.168.2.66 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 11000000.10101000.00000010.01000010 Subnet Mask Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 ANDing Result ANDing Result 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.0 11000000.10101000.00000010.00000000...

  • Page 97: Default Gateways

    I P A d d r e s s in g Each of the four subnets can, in turn, support 64 members. The example subnet used above yielded 4 subnets, but you can use a different mask to meet the specific requirements of your network. Default Gateways A default gateway is a network device, usually a router, that is responsible for routing data packets out of the local network segment.

  • Page 98: Figure A-10 Network Node Mac Addresses

    I P Ad d r e s s i n g • The first six characters are issued to the organization. • The second six characters are assigned to the hardware interface by manufacturing. Figure A-10 Network Node MAC Addresses V i p e r s a t C D D - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e A-12...

  • Page 99: Appendix B Automatic Switching

    P P E N D I X UTOMATIC WITCHING General Automatic switching is a feature of the VMS that allows dynamically changing the network configuration in response to changes in either traffic type (Applica- tion switching) or network traffic loads (Load switching.) The following material applies to the Vipersat CDM-570/570L, CDD-562L/ 564/564L, and CDM-600.

  • Page 100: Bandwidth Allocation And Load Switching

    G e n e r a l meet their QoS and cost requirements within their bandwidth allocation. The result is a stable satellite network connection that automatically responds to the customer’s requirements while continuously monitoring and reacting to chang- ing load, data type, and QoS requirements. Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching Load Switching is the mechanism by which the Vipersat network switches a Remote terminal from STDMA to SCPC mode based on traffic levels at the...

  • Page 101: Load Switching

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Load Switching The next sections describe the principles behind Load Switching and Rate Adjustment (Step Up/Step Down). Bandwidth Allocation and Load Switching by the STDMA Controller As part of normal STDMA processing, the Hub monitors the traffic levels from each of the Remotes for which it is allocating bandwidth.
  • Page 102 L o a d S w i t c h i n g If there is adequate upstream bandwidth available, the values of these two metrics will be the same. However, if there is not enough bandwidth to satisfy the traffic requirements of the Remote, or if the Remote has exceeded the maxi- mum allocation, some data will be held for the next cycle.

  • Page 103: Figure B-1 Auto Switching Menu (Hub

    L o a d S w i t c h in g size and the remaining bandwidth is distributed amongst Remotes that have been assigned a GIR rate. This approach is based on the assumption that Remotes that have been assigned a GIR are paying a premium and should benefit from available excess bandwidth when needed.

  • Page 104: Load Switching Process

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g • Load Switching - This is a type of Automatic Switching that is based on the amount of traffic at a Remote. If this mode is not set, then no Remote will be switched based on load.

  • Page 105: Load Switching By A Remote

    L o a d S w i t c h in g current load, as indicated by the bytes queued during the delay period, multiply- ing it by the percent allocation and rounding up to the next 16 Kbps. A key point is that in most of the STDMA modes, the bandwidth allocated to each Remote is constantly being adjusted to the needs of the network.

  • Page 106: Determining Need-For-Change

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g • SCPC Step Down Threshold - Similar to STDMA Slot Capacity at Hub, except Step Down is used to trigger a switch if the average load falls below this value.

  • Page 107: Figure B-3 Load Switching Diagram

    L o a d S w i t c h in g Figure B-3 Load Switching diagram A load switch is illustrated in figure B-3 using the following process: A load is generated by an application that is running at a Remote. In this example, the application is a video stream.

  • Page 108: Reduced Data Flow In Switched Mode (Scpc

    L o a d S w i t c h i n g channel space (bandwidth) requirements to accommodate the data flow requested by the STDMA Controller. 6. If the VMS finds available resources, it processes the switch request and sends tuning commands that switch the Remote out of STDMA and into SCPC mode.

  • Page 109: Application Switching

    A p p l i c a t i o n S w i t c h in g Application Switching Application switching, illustrated in figure B-4, also is capable of changing bandwidth use, but the change is determined entirely by the type of application being requested, ignoring load requirements.
  • Page 110 A p p l i c a t i o n S w i t c h i n g • Voice over IP (VoIP) Each application type will have been assigned a bandwidth allocation when the policy for the Remote is established. The voice application, for example, might have had the bandwidth set in the policy to handle three simultaneous voice connections.

  • Page 111: Type Of Service (Tos) Switching

    T y p e o f S e r v i c e ( T o S ) S w i t c h in g Type of Service (ToS) Switching Type of Service (ToS) Switching is typically used on circuits carrying encrypted traffic where the packets cannot be examined to determine the type of traffic being carried.

  • Page 112: Entry Channel Mode (Ecm) Switching

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g Entry Channel Mode (ECM) Switching STDMA Entry Channel Mode provides a method for Remotes requiring SCPC access channels to enter/re-enter the network initially or after a power or other site outage.

  • Page 113: Figure B-5 Ecm Switch Recovery: < 3 Minutes

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M o d e ( E C M ) S w i t c h in g Burst Map causing it to rejoin the network through ECM. The VMS will park the demodulator previously in use and free the bandwidth slot.

  • Page 114: Figure B-6 Ecm Switch Recovery: > 3 Minutes

    E n t r y C h a n n e l M od e ( E C M ) S w i t c h i n g ECM Switch Recovery > 3min. Burst Switched Remote Demod Demod State Unit Reboot Connected Satellite Delay...

  • Page 115: Appendix C Dynamic Power Control

    P P E N D I X YNAMIC OWER ONTROL Introduction Dynamic Power Control (DPC) provides a mechanism whereby VIPERSAT satellite links have their transmit power levels adjusted in order to optimize the receive signal quality (as measured by the demodulator E ).
  • Page 116 I n t r o d u c t i o n control algorithm is a closed loop servo-mechanism with the received E values as the input function and the modulator’s transmit power as the output function. Only modulator transmit power is controlled by the algorithm since the receive chain has its own automatic gain control.

  • Page 117: Description

    Description Description Operation of the DPC algorithm is controlled by the parameters shown in table C-1, below. Table C-1 Dynamic Power Control Parameters Parameter Default Significance Nominal Power -25 (IF) Power used for scaling Maximum power after Level -40 (L-Band) switching Calibrated Data System...
  • Page 118 D e s c r i p ti o n tion is established and data starts to flow, the modulator begins receiving DPC packets from the demodulator and adjusting its transmit power level accord- ingly. The transmit power level is compared to the received E .

  • Page 119: Adjustment For Data Rate

    Description 2 dB). This prevents loss of the link due to power value changes based on fade conditions. This feature is automatic and requires no operator intervention. Adjustment for Data Rate The maximum output power level is scaled according to the data rate at which the modulator is transmitting.

  • Page 120: Dpc Scaling Function

    D e s c r i p ti o n DPC Scaling Function Figure C-1 DPC Scaling Function Figure C-1 illustrates the scaling function, based on the ratio of power level to data rate, of the DPC system. Once this ratio is mapped out for the system, the DPC scaling function will automatically determine the appropriate power level for any given data rate.
  • Page 121 Description menu). If these home state parameters have not been entered, DPC will not be able to function and will disable itself, resulting in an error message that is displayed in the CLI. Under most circumstances, the system will be running at the Calibrated Data Rate, at the Calibrated Nominal Power level.
  • Page 122 D e s c r i p ti o n { This Page Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C D D - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e...

  • Page 123: Appendix D Network Migration

    P P E N D I X ETWORK IGRATION Upgrading CDM-570/CDD-56X Series Modems to Firmware Version 1.5.3 General This document covers the migration of networks with CDM-570 and CDD-56X series modems to IP Router firmware version 1.5.3 from any earlier versions of code.
  • Page 124 G e n e r a l provided to facilitate picking up new or offline units. This migration tool includes temporary control parameters for Hub units that allow the operator to select an operation mode that is compatible with Remotes running v1.5.2 (or earlier) firmware.

  • Page 125: Firmware Upgrade

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Firmware Upgrade Upgrade Overview This procedure describes the v1.5.3 firmware upgrade process using both the Vipersat Vload Utility and a Telnet connection. For detailed information on using Vload, refer to the Vload Utility User Guide.

  • Page 126: Migration Procedure

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 3) Save to Flash on all units and reset them to Latest/Oldest. 4) "Get Information" (VLOAD needs current information before performing each step). 5) Upgrade Bulk Image location #1 on the Base Modem to v1.4.5 and reset all boxes to "Latest"...

  • Page 127: Getting Information With Vload

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-2 Main Menu, Telnet 2. Ensure that the Upgrade To setting is Oldest; if not, enter U to modify the setting. Figure D-3 Operations and Maintenance Menu 3.

  • Page 128: Figure D-4 Initial Vload Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Note that Add All will find all units on the network, which for a large network will result in an extensive list. Once the list is generated, units can be removed individually.

  • Page 129: Upgrade Router To V1.5.3

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Select, Edit, or Add the desired Multicast address(es) in the Add All dialog, then click OK. The list of units appears in the main Vload window, along with the progress status of connecting and retrieving information for each unit.

  • Page 130: Figure D-7 Put Application Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Network or installed networks with large TDM or DVB Outbound Carriers. Take care not to over-run the outbound (TDM) transmission rate. • CodeCast - Vload will multicast to all selected IP addresses. The units must all have the same CodeCast address.

  • Page 131: Save And Reboot To Latest

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-8 Progress Status, Put Application Save and Reboot to Latest Using either VMS or CLI, Save the parameters for each unit to flash. Then, using Vload, reboot with Hard Reset to Latest.

  • Page 132: Figure D-9 Hard Reset Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-9 Hard Reset screen 2. Observe the main window again to monitor the progress status for successful completion of this Put operation. Figure D-10 Progress Status, Put Completion V i p e r s a t C D D - 5 6 X S e r i e s U s e r G u i d e D-10...

  • Page 133: Get Information For Router V1.5.3

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Get Information for Router v1.5.3 Figure D-11 Unit Information screen (Router) The new unit information will show that Image 1 Version=1.5.3 and that the Application Version=1.5.3. The application CurrentBoot should = the image slot location of 1.5.3, and NextBoot=Latest and Save=Oldest.

  • Page 134: Upgrade Base Modem To V1.5.1 (Cdm-570 Only

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Save the configuration file. Open it using WordPad. Insure that the lines shown in figure D-13 are in the configuration near the bottom of the file. Figure D-13 Configuration File Text 3.

  • Page 135: Upgrade Image 1 On Base Modem To V1.5.1

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Put the v1.4.5 modem firmware using the appropriate selected mode (Con- secutive, Concurrent, or CodeCast). Figure D-15 Download v1.4.5 and Hard Reset screen 3. When the file transfer is completed, Hard Reset the Modem(s). Upgrade Image 1 on Base Modem to v1.5.1 4.

  • Page 136: Download Base Modem V1.5.1 To Image 2

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e If the file can not be found, it can be downloaded from the Comtech EF Data web site: http://www.comtechefdata.com/ The FW10805U.bin file can be found under Downloads, Flash Upgrades.

  • Page 137: Download Router V1.5.3 To Image 2

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e 2. Repeat the Download procedure for the Base Modem v1.5.1 firmware file, but do not perform a Hard Reset; it is not necessary to reboot the modem again.

  • Page 138: Completing Migration

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Completing Migration Picking Up Straggler/Offline Remotes Ideally, all Remote units will be online during the migration phase. However, in a live network this cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, Vipersat provides a way to temporarily revert the TDM outbound and Burst Controller(s) to v1.5.2 HDLC WAN Framing compatibility mode.

  • Page 139: Figure D-22 Vipersat Configuration Screen

    F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e Figure D-22 Vipersat Configuration screen The Vipersat Migration Parameter "M" is available only on Hub non-expansion units. Figure D-23 Vipersat Migration prompt Select O to set the old framing mode to v1.5.2 or earlier. This parameter must be set in both outbound and inbound units to properly transmit/receive to/from Remote units.
  • Page 140 F i r m w a r e U p g r a d e The straggler Remotes will now frame on the TDM outbound signal. The asso- ciated Burst Controller(s) will frame on the inbound signals from these Remotes ONLY.

  • Page 141: Appendix E Glossary

    P P E N D I X LOSSARY – A closed loop mechanism controlling the gain Automatic Limit Control stabilization of the HPA’s RF output power. Asynchronous Party Line – A VIPERSAT term for RS-485 multi-drop bus used for control of indoor equipment. See also SPL. Address Resolution Protocol –...
  • Page 142 Bits Per Second – A measure of transmission speed. See also kb/s & Mb/s. BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying – A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/-180 degrees. See also QPSK. C-Band A frequency band commonly used for satellite communications (and sometimes terrestrial microwave).
  • Page 143 Ratio E = energy per bit N = noise power density per Hz. The bit error rate (BER) for digital data is a decreasing function of this ratio. E is the energy of an information bit. E is measured in Joules, or equivalently in Watts per Hertz.
  • Page 144 Graphical User Interface – A form of graphical shell or user interface to a computer operating system. HDLC High Level Data Link Control – A standard defining how data may be transmit- ted down a synchronous serial link. High Power Amplifier – The amplifier used in satellite communications to raise the transmit signal to the correct power level prior to transmission to satellite.
  • Page 145 Ku-Band A frequency band used for satellite communications. For terrestrial earth stations the receive frequency band is in the range 10.95 – 12.75 GHz and trans- mit 14.0 – 14.5 GHz. See also C-band. L-Band A frequency band commonly used as an IF for satellite systems using block up/ down conversion.
  • Page 146 Network Address Translation – An Internet standard that enables a local-area network (LAN) to use one set of IP addresses for internal (private) traffic and a second set of addresses for external (public) traffic. Network Operation Center – Has access to any earth station installed using the VIPERSAT Network Control System (VNCS).
  • Page 147 QPSK Quaternary Phase Shift Keying – A modulation technique in which the carrier is phase shifted +/-90 or +/-180 degrees. See also BPSK. Radio Frequency – A generic term for signals at frequencies above those used for baseband or IF. Request For Comment –...
  • Page 148 STDMA Selective Time Division Multiple Access – A multiple access technique where users time-share access to a common channel with selective sized time slots allocated on usage. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol – A standard for networking over unreliable transmission paths. See also UDP. TDMA Time Division Multiple Access –...
  • Page 149 Vipersat Object Service Wizard A specialized program which performs a specific function, such as installing an application (installation wizard). WRED Weighted Random Early Detection – A queue management algorithm with congestion avoidance capabilities and packet classification (QoS) providing prioritization. A p p e n d i x G l o s s a r y...
  • Page 150 { This Page is Intentionally Blank } V i p e r s a t C DD - 56 X S e r i e s U s e r G u id e E-10...

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