Page 1 LevelOne GSW-2600TXM Intelligent Switch User’s Guide Multilayer 24-Port Intelligent Fast Ethernet Switch with 24 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX (RJ-45) Ports, and 2 Slots for Optional Gigabit Uplink Modules (RJ-45 / FIBER)
Page 2: Table Of Contents
Note: Intelligent switch can work in Layer 2 mode or Multilayer mode, but Management switch only works in layer 2 mode. LevelOne GSW-2600TXM should be treated as an intelligent switch. Pls follow all the instruction of intelligent switch for configuring LevelOne GSW-2600TXM, 24-port 10/100Mbps + 2-slide in Layer3 Switch.
Page 3 2.5.7.1. Configuring MAC Address Filters ... 71 2.5.7.2. Configuring Security Mode... 72 2.5.7.3. Configuring IP Address Filters... 73 2.6. Monitoring the Switch... 73 2.6.1. Displaying Port Statistics... 74 2.6.1.1. Displaying Ethernet Port Statistics ... 75 2.6.1.2. Displaying RMON Statistics ... 78 2.6.2.
Page 4 3.3. Main Menu ...111 3.4. System Information Menu ... 113 3.4.1. Displaying System Information... 113 3.4.2. Displaying Switch Version Information ... 114 3.5. Management Setup Menu ... 114 3.5.1. Changing the Network Configuration (Layer 2 Mode) ... 115 3.5.2. Assigning SNMP Parameters ... 116 3.5.2.1.
Page 5 3.6.7.1. Configuring MAC Address Filters ... 150 3.6.7.2. Configuring IP Address Filters... 151 3.6.7.3. Configuring Security Mode... 151 3.7. Monitoring the Switch... 152 3.7.1. Displaying Port Statistics... 152 3.7.1.1. Displaying Ethernet Port Statistics ... 153 3.7.1.2. Displaying RMON Statistics ... 155 3.7.2.
Page 6 3.8. Resetting the System ... 170 4. Chapter 4: Advanced Topics... 172 4.1. Layer 2 Switching... 172 4.1.1. Unicast Switching... 172 4.1.2. Multicast Switching... 173 4.1.3. Spanning Tree Algorithm ... 173 4.2. Layer 3 Switching... 175 4.2.1. Initial Configuration ... 175 4.2.2.
Page 7 5. Appendix A: Troubleshooting ... 192 5.1. Troubleshooting Chart... 192 5.2. Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port ... 192 6. Appendix B: Pin Assignments... 195 6.1. Console Port Pin Assignments ... 195 6.1.1. DB-9 Port Pin Assignments... 195 6.1.2. Console Port to 9-Pin COM Port on PC ... 196 6.1.3.
Page 8 7.1.29. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) ... 200 7.1.30. Telnet ... 200 7.1.31. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) ... 200 7.1.32. Virtual LAN (VLAN) ... 200 7.1.33. XModem... 200...
Page 9: Switch Management
(in-band). The management agent is based on SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). This SNMP agent permits the switch to be managed from any PC in the network using in-band management software. The management agent also includes an embedded HTTP Web agent. This Web agent can be accessed using a standard Web browser from any computer attached to the network.
Page 10: Remote Management Via The Console Port
1.2.2.Remote Management Via the Console Port 1.2.2.1.Configuring the Switch Site Connect the switch’s DB9 serial port to the modem’s serial port uses standard cabling. For most modems which use a 25-pin port, you will have to provide an RS-232 cable with a 9-pin connector on one end and a 25-pin connector on the other end.
Page 11 2. Each VLAN group can be assigned its own IP interface address (chapter 2 “IP Configuration (Layer 2 Mode)”). Therefore, if the port connected to the management station has joined several VLANs, you can manage the switch via any of these IP addresses.
Page 12: Console Interface
User Name: Password : 1. For Management Model, it will display “Management Switch”. If this is your first time to log into the configuration program, then the default user names are “admin” and “guest,” with no password. The administrator has Read / Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics, while the guest has Read Only access to the management program.
Page 13 System Restart Restart Option Menu Exit Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. Only display when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. IP Configuration (1) IP Connectivity Test (ping)
Page 14: Main Menu
With the system configuration program you can define system parameters, manage and control the switch and all its ports, or monitor network conditions. The screen below of the Main Menu and the table following it briefly describe the selections available from this program.
Page 15 Restarts the system with options to restore factory defaults. Exit Exits the configuration program. Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. Only display when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode.
Page 16: System Information Menu
Only displayed in intelligent switch. 2.3.System Information Menu Use the System Information Menu to display a basic description of the switch, including contact information, and hardware / firmware versions. Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Menu...
Page 17: Displaying Switch Version Information
* Maximum string length is 99, but the screen only displays 45 characters. You can use the arrow keys to browse the whole string. 2.3.2.Displaying Switch Version Information Use the Switch Information screen to display hardware / firmware version numbers for the main board, as well as the power status. Parameter...
Page 18: Changing The Network Configuration
(Serial Port Configuration). Specify the IP addresses for the switch (Network Configuration / IP Configuration), and then set the Administrator and User passwords (User Configuration). Remember to record them in a safe place. Also set the community string which controls access to the onboard SNMP agent via in-band management software (SNMP Configuration).
Page 19: Ip Configuration (Layer 2 Mode)
IP Connectivity Test (Ping) Screen used to test IP connectivity to a specified device. HTTP Configuration * This menu does not appear if the switch is set to multilayer mode. In this case, you need to configure an IP interface for each VLAN that needs to connect to any device outside of its own VLAN group.
Page 20 Interface Type Indicates IP over Ethernet. IP Address IP address of the switch you are managing. The system supports SNMP over UDP / IP transport protocol. In this environment, all systems on the Internet such as network interconnection devices and any PC accessing the agent module (or running network management software) must have an IP address.
Page 21: Ip Connectivity Test (Ping)
The number of times the specified site has responded (or not) to pinging. Note: The switch waits up to 10 seconds for a response to each ping. 2.4.1.3.HTTP Configuration Use the HTTP Configuration screen to enable / disable the onboard Web agent.
Page 22: Configuring The Serial Port
2.4.2.Configuring the Serial Port You can access the onboard configuration program by attaching a VT100 compatible device to the switch’s serial port. (For more information on connecting to this port, see “Required Connections” on chapter 1.) The communication parameters for this port can be accessed from the Serial Port Configuration screen shown below and described in the following table.
Page 23: Assigning Snmp Parameters
Access rights to the onboard agent are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the NMS must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings and related trap functions are described in the following sections.
Page 24: Configuring Community Names
Note: The default community strings are displayed on the screen. 2.4.3.2.Configuring IP Trap Managers The following figure and table describe how to specify management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. Up to 5 trap managers may be entered. Community Name...
Page 25: User Log-In Configuration
IP Address 192.168.1.254 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 <Apply> <Cancel> READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description IP Address IP address of the trap manager. Community Name A community specified for trap management access. Status Sets administrative status of selected entry to enabled or disabled.
Page 26 Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Parameter Description User Name Specifies a user authorized management access to the switch via the console, Telnet or HTTP. Access Right ADMIN: Read / Write for all screens. GUEST: Read Only for all screens.
Page 27: Downloading System Software
Use the TFTP Download menu to load software updates to permanent flash ROM in the switch. The download file should be a correct binary file for the switch; otherwise the agent will not accept it. The success of the download operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection.
Page 28: Saving Or Restoring The System Configuration
2.4.6.Saving or Restoring the System Configuration Use the Configuration File menu to save the switch configuration settings to a file on a TFTP client. The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the switch’s settings. The success of the operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP client and the quality of the network connection.
Page 29: Device Control Menu
Configures MAC and IP² address filtering and set the autolearn function. 1. Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 2. Only display when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. (Note that this menu...
Page 30: Setting The System Operation Mode
3. Only displayed in intelligent switch. 2.5.1.Setting the System Operation Mode This switch can be set to operate as a Layer 2 switch, making all filtering and forwarding decisions based strictly on MAC addresses. Or, it can be set to operate as a multilayer routing switch, whereby it switches packets for all non-IP protocols (such as NetBUEI, NetWare or AppleTalk) based on MAC addresses (see “Virtual LANs”...
Page 31: Configuring Port Parameters
2.5.2.1.Configuring Port Parameters Use the Port Configuration menu to display or set communication parameters for any port or module on the switch, including administrative status, auto-negotiation, default communication speed and duplex mode, as well as flow control in use. Layer 2 Menu ============ Port Configuration ...
Page 32 Layer 2 Menu: Port Configuration ============ Port Link Admin Jack Status Status Control Type ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ENABLED ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED RJ-45 ENABLED FIBER <Apply> Page>...
Page 33 (unplugged), copper (type 1GBaseT), or fiber (type 1GSX/LX). The user can change the gigabit modules after the switch is off. The Switch will automatically detect the changes and update the information as soon as the power is up again. Note that the speed of the gigabit module is fixed at 1G.
Page 34: Using A Mirror Port For Analysis
Layer 2 Menu: Port Configuration ============ Port Link Admin Jack Status Status Type ----------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ENABLED FIBER ENABLED FIBER <Apply> Page> Administrative status for port 25. READ/SELECT Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options. 2.5.2.2.Using a Mirror Port for Analysis You can mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real-time analysis.
Page 35: Configuring Port Trunks
You can configure trunks between any two switches. Ports 1-24 on this switch can be grouped into a trunk consisting of two, four or eight ports, creating an aggregate bandwidth up to 400, 800 or 1600 Mbps when operating at full duplex.
Page 36 When using a port trunk, remember that: • Ports can only be assigned to one trunk. • The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. • The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including communication mode, and VLAN assignments.
Page 37: Configuring The Static Unicast Address Table
The Static Unicast Address Table can be used to assign the MAC address for a host device to a specific port on this switch. Static unicast addresses are never aged out, and cannot be learned on another port. If any packets with a source address specified in this table enter another port, they will be dropped.
Page 38: Configuring The Static Multicast Address Table
Address The MAC address of a host device attached to this switch. Port The switch port to which the host device is attached. Note: To assign a MAC address to a specific port, use <Add>. To delete or modify an address, highlight it with the cursor and select Enter.
Page 39: Using The Bridge Menu
This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (that is, an STA-compliant switch, bridge or router) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network, and provide backup links which automatically take over when a primary link goes down.
Page 40: Spanning Tree
Spanning Tree GMRP Bridge Priority GVRP Hello Time (in seconds) Threshold Forward Delay (in seconds) Max age (in seconds) <Apply> The status of the spanning tree. READ/SELECT Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, <Space> to scroll options. Parameter Default Description Spanning Enabled Enable this parameter to participate in a STA compliant...
Page 41: Configuring Sta For Ports
Disabled GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups. If GMRP is globally enabled for the switch, then you can individually enable or disable GMRP for a specific port. See “VLAN Port Configuration” on chapter 2.
Page 42: Port Type
Priority Defines the priority for the use of a port in the STA algorithm. If the path cost for all ports on a switch are the same, the port with the highest priority (that is, lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the Spanning Tree.
Page 43: Configuring Virtual Lans
Forwarding should only be enabled for ports connected to an end-node device.) 2.5.4.Configuring Virtual LANs You can use the VLAN configuration menu to assign any port on the switch to any of up to 256 Virtual LAN groups. In conventional networks with routers, broadcast traffic is split up into separate domains.
Page 44: Garp Configuration
Port <Apply> <OK> Port> | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Default Description GARP¹ Group Address Registration Protocol is used by GVRP and GMRP to register or deregister client attributes for client services within a bridged LAN.
Page 45 VLAN ID for that group, (by VLAN tagging for Layer 2 mode, or a common PVID for multilayer mode). When operating the switch in Layer 2 mode, ports assigned to a large VLAN group that crosses several switches must use VLAN tagging. But when operating in...
Page 46: Vlan Table Configuration
Enabled Enables or disables GMRP for this port. When enabled, this port will allow endstations to register with multicast groups using GMRP. Note that GMRP must be enabled for the switch before this setting can take effect (chapter 2 “Configuring Global Bridge Settings”).
Page 47: Configuring Igmp Snooping
It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and any hosts which want to receive the multicast register with their local multicast switch / router. Although this approach reduces the network overhead required by a multicast server, the...
Page 48: Configuring Ip Settings
Configuration” on chapter 2) 2.5.6.Configuring IP Settings If this switch is set to multilayer mode (chapter 2 “Setting the System Operation Mode”), the IP Menu will be displayed. Use this menu to configure the IP subnets for each VLAN on your switch, the unicast and multicast routing protocols, static ARP entries, static IP...
Page 49: Subnet Configuration
2.5.6.1.Subnet Configuration Use this menu to specify an IP interface for any VLAN configured on this switch that needs to communicate with a device outside of its own group (i.e., another network segment). You also need to define a VLAN for each IP subnet connected directly to this switch.
Page 50 Subnet screen opens as shown below, assign a VLAN group to this interface, configure the IP address, and then enable the required routing protocols. You can specify a VLAN that has already been configured on this switch or select “Select” to open the Port IP Subnet Configuration...
Page 51 (that does not have routing or a default gateway configured) to a remote subnetwork. (See “Proxy ARP” on chapter 4.) Note that Proxy ARP must be enabled globally for the switch before this setting can take effect. (See “Protocol Configuration” on chapter 2.) Routing Information Protocol for unicast routing.
Page 52: Port Group Configuration
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description VLAN A VLAN already configured on this switch. Port Port entries may be marked as: S : Adds port as a static entry. P : Adds port as a static entry, and sets the port’s PVID to this VLAN ID.
Page 53 (See “RIP and RIP-2 Dynamic Routing Protocols” on chapter 4.) When RIP is enabled on this routing switch, it broadcasts RIP messages to all devices in the network every 30 seconds, and updates its own routing table when RIP messages are received from other routers.
Page 54 * This is a method of preventing routing information from looping back to the source. Note that Split Horizon is also enabled on this switch for this purpose. (See “RIP and RIP-2 Dynamic Routing Protocols” on chapter 4.)
Page 55: Authentication Key
A 32-bit integer uniquely identifying an OSPF protocol broadcast area. This identifier can be in the form of an IP address or integer. Each port on the switch can be configured to represent one OSPF area. You must first specify OSPF areas for global access in the Area ID Configuration menu, before they can be used for a specific IP interface.(see chapter 2 “OSPF Area Configuration”)
Page 56 Interface This value is used by the router in calculating the shortest path. Cost The default cost is calculated by using the bandwidth of the interface. For this purpose, the bandwidth is taken as that of the highest bandwidth port in the VLAN linked to the interface. The interface cost is inversely proportional to this bandwidth.
Page 57: Protocol Configuration
Description Metrics 1 hop This value is used to select the best reverse path to networks that are connected directly to an interface on this switch. Range: 1-31 hops Probe The interval between sending neighbor probe messages to the Interval seconds multicast group address for all DVMRP routers.
Page 58 (that does not have routing or a default gateway configured) to a remote subnetwork. (See “Proxy ARP” on chapter 4.) If Proxy ARP is globally enabled for the switch, then you can enable or disable it for a specific interface. See “Adding an IP Interface” on chapter 2, or “Modifying an IP Interface”...
Page 59 IP interface”). Setting the ARP Timeout You can use the following configuration screen to modify the aging time for dynamically learned entries in the ARP cache. <Apply> READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Default Description The time that dynamically learned entries are retained in the...
Page 60 OSPF routers that actively exchange Link State Advertisements (LSAs). You can then define an OSPF interface by assigning an IP interface configured on this switch to one of these groups. This OSPF interface will send and receive OSPF traffic to neighboring OSPF routers.
Page 61 Parameter Description Router Id The switch IP that is used as the OSPF Router ID. Area ID Configuration Defines an area within which all OSPF routers actively exchange routing information to ensure that they all have an identical link state database.
Page 62 Type Indicates area type: Normal Stub NSSA An Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) can import external routes and flood this information to the entire Autonomous System. Note: To add a new Area ID, use the <Add> button. (The default 0.0.0.0 indicates the OSPF backbone.) To modify or delete an existing Area ID, highlight the table entry with the cursor and select Enter.
Page 63 Area Identity IP Address 192.168.2.0 192.168.2.0 192.168.4.0 192.168.4.0 Page 1 <OK> Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Parameter Description Area Identity An OSPF area that includes all the OSPF routers within the assigned address range. IP Address The IP address used to calculate the area range.
Page 64 Area ID 192.168.3.0 Page 1 <OK> Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Parameter Description Area ID An identifier for the transit area the virtual link crosses. Neighbor Router ID The IP address of the OSPF router on this end of the virtual link. Note: To add a new OSPF Virtual Link, use the <Add>...
Page 65 Parameter Default Area ID Neighbor Router ID Transit Delay 1 second Retransmit 5 seconds Interval Hello Interval² 10 seconds Dead Interval² 40 seconds Authentication None Type Authentication OSPF Host Route Configuration A host route is a prefix that will be advertised as a stub network in one of the router’s link state advertisements.
Page 66 If a DHCP / BOOTP server is not located in the same subnet with a host, you can configure this switch to forward any host configuration queries to a server located on another subnet or on another network. Depending on the configuration setup, the switch either: •...
Page 67 Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Default Description IGMP A switch port that stops receiving multicast protocol packets for Router this interval will be removed from the IGMP forwarding list. Timeout Range: 3 - 5 minutes...
Page 68: Static Arp Configuration
2.5.6.3.Static ARP Configuration Use the following screen to display or edit entries in the Static ARP Table. Entries added to this table are retained until the associated IP interface is deleted or the switch is reset to the factory defaults.
Page 69 The IP address of the router at the next hop. Note that the network portion of the next hop must match that used for one of the subnet IP interfaces configured on this switch. (See “Subnet Configuration” on chapter 2.) Type The IP route type for the destination network.
Page 70: Configuring The Default Route
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. 2.5.6.5.Configuring the Default Route Defines the router to which this switch will forward all traffic for unknown networks. The default route can be learned from RIP protocol (chapter 2 “Configuring RIP”) or manually configured.
Page 71: Configuring Security Filters
Any node that presents a security risk or is functioning improperly can be filtered from this switch. You can drop all the traffic from a host device based on a specified MAC address. Traffic with either a source or destination address listed in the Security Filtering Configuration table will be filtered.
Page 72: Configuring Security Mode
<Apply>. 2.5.7.2.Configuring Security Mode In default type, the switch can auto learning the MAC Address from each port. If you want to let someone to use a specifies port and the other people can not use. You should disable the auto learning function and setup the uplink port (if one packet’s DA does not define in any port, it would be forwarding to the uplink port).
Page 73: Configuring Ip Address Filters
If any node presents a security risk, you can filter all traffic for this node by entering its address into the IP Security Filter. Any packet passing through the switch that has a source or destination IP address matching an entry in this table will be filtered.
Page 74: Displaying Port Statistics
VLANs and ports. Also contains the ARP table, routing table, multicast menu, and OSPF menu. 1. This menu is only displayed when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 2. This menu is only displayed if the intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode.
Page 75: Displaying Ethernet Port Statistics
Error statistics on the traffic passing through each port are displayed. This information can be used to identify potential problems with the switch (such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loading). The values displayed have been accumulated since the last system reboot.
Page 76 Interfaces In Octets Octets In Unicast Pkts Pkts In Non-Unicast Pkts Pkts In Discards Discards In Errors Errors Alignment Errors Errors Ethernet Single Collisions Collisions Defered Transmissions Collisions Excess Collisions Errors Drop Events Fragments Octets Jabbers Port Number: <Reset All> <OK>...
Page 77 In Discards The number of inbound packets which were chosen to be discarded even though no errors had been detected to prevent their being deliverable to a higher-layer protocol. One possible reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space.
Page 78: Displaying Rmon Statistics
Jabbers The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets), and had either an FCS or alignment error. Note: Statistics are refreshed every 10 seconds by default (chapter 2 “Configuring the Serial Port”).
Page 79: Layer 2 Address Table
Parameter Drop Events Bytes Frames Broadcast Frames Multicast Frames CRC / Alignment Errors The number of CRC / alignment errors (FCS or alignment Undersize Frames Oversize Frames Fragments Jabbers Collisions 64 Byte Frames 65-127 Byte Frames 128-255 Byte Frames 256-511 Byte Frames 512-1023 Byte Frames 1024-1518 Byte Frames 1519-1536 Byte Frames...
Page 80: Displaying The Unicast Address Table
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Parameter Description Address The MAC address of a node seen on this switch. Port The port whose address table includes this MAC address. Note: Use the <Next Page> and <Prev Page> buttons to scroll through the table. To display a specific page, set the page number in the Page field and then select <Apply>.
Page 81: Displaying Bridge Information
2.6.3.Displaying Bridge Information The Bridge menu is used to display settings for the Spanning Tree Algorithm. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to “Spanning Tree Algorithm” on chapter 4. Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Menu Description Spanning Tree...
Page 82 The path cost from the root port on this switch to the root device. Root Port The number of the port on this switch that is closest to the root. This switch communicates with the root device through this port. If there is no root port, then this switch has been accepted as the root device of the Spanning Tree network.
Page 83: Displaying The Current Sta For Ports
2.6.3.2.Displaying the Current STA for Ports The parameters shown in the following figure and table are for port STA Information. Bridge Menu: Spanning Tree Port Information (Port 1-12) =========== Port Type Designated Port ----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- 100TX 128.1 100TX 128.2 100TX 128.3 100TX 128.4...
Page 84: Displaying Vlan Information
• A port on a network segment with no other STA-compliant bridging device is always forwarding. • If two ports of a switch are connected to the same segment and there is no other STA device attached to this segment, the port with the smaller ID forwards packets and the other is blocked.
Page 85: Vlan Dynamic Registration Information
Display VLAN dynamic registration information. Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Menu Description VLAN Dynamic Shows the ports that have been automatically learned via GVRP. Registration Information VLAN Forwarding Shows all the ports that have been configured by either dynamic or Information static means to forward VLAN traffic.
Page 86: Vlan Forwarding Information
Page> buttons. To display a specific page, set the page number in the Page field and then select <Apply>. 2.6.5.IP Multicast Registration Table This table displays all the multicast groups active on the switch, including the multicast IP address and the corresponding VLANs. VLAN Forwarding Information =========================== <Apply>...
Page 87: Ip Menu
VLAN Multicast IP Learned by Page <OK> | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description VLAN A VLAN with host members that have asked to receive the indicated multicast service. Multicast IP A multicast group address that represents a specific multicast service.
Page 88: Displaying Subnet Information
Displays a link state advertisement summary, the neighbor table, and the virtual neighbor table. 2.6.6.1.Displaying Subnet Information You can display a list of all the IP interfaces configured on this switch. This table includes the gateway address, corresponding VLAN, and member ports that use this address.
Page 89: Arp Table
Parameter Description IP Address The address for an IP interface on this switch. Subnet Mask A template that identifies the address bits in the host address used for routing to specific subnets. Each bit that corresponds to a “1” is part of the network / subnet number;...
Page 90: Routing Table
The VLAN group to which this host has been assigned. Port The port to which this host device is attached. (Port “0” refers to an interface defined on this switch.) Note: To scroll through the table, use the <First Page> and <Next Page> buttons.
Page 91 The VLAN within which the gateway or destination address resides. Next Hop The IP address of the router at the next hop. Type The IP route type for the destination network. This switch supports the following types: Direct Indirect Myself...
Page 92: Multicast Table
(Note that this metric depends on the specific routing protocol.) 2.6.6.4.Multicast Table You can use this menu to display all the multicast groups currently active on this switch, the IGMP registration table, the multicast forwarding cache, and DVMRP routing information.
Page 93: Dvmrp Neighbor Table
Displaying IGMP Cache The switch provides a local registry of active multicast groups for each IP interface, including the age and expiration time for each entry. Multicast Table Menu ==================== IP Multicast Registration Table ...
Page 94 <Apply>. Displaying the Multicast Forwarding Cache The switch maintains a cache of multicast routing entries used to calculate the delivery tree in multicast routing protocols. The Multicast Forwarding Cache includes the subnetwork that contains the multicast source and the nearest upstream neighbor for...
Page 95 Displaying the DVMRP Routing Table The DVMRP Routing Table contains all the IP multicast routes learned by the DVMRP protocol. The routes displayed in this table are used by this switch to forward new IP multicast traffic. They do not reflect active multicast flows.
Page 96 Upstream Nbr The IP address of the network device immediately upstream for this multicast delivery tree. Interface The IP interface on this switch that connects to the upstream neighbor (see chapter 2 “Displaying Subnet Information”). Metric The metric for this interface used to calculate distance vectors.
Page 97: Ospf Table
Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description Interface The IP interface on this switch that connects to the upstream neighbor (see chapter 2 “Displaying Subnet Information”). Neighbor Address The IP address of the network device immediately upstream for this multicast delivery tree.
Page 98 Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move. <Enter> to select. Parameter Interface Table Link State Table Neighbor Table Virtual Neighbor Table Displaying the Interface Table You can use this menu to display parameters of OSPF interfaces. IP Address Rtr ID Events 192.168.1.254 Page 1...
Page 99 Rtr ID Router ID for this router. Designated Rtr The IP of the designated router. The designated router advertises the link state of the OSPF area. Backup DR The backup designated router. If the designated router fails, the backup designated router takes its place. Status This interface’s status in this OSPF area.
Page 100 Type The link state advertisement type: RtrLSA: Router LSA – All area routers advertise the state of links NetLSA: Network LSA – The designated router for each Area SumLSA: Summary LSA – Advertise the cost to a specific subnetwork ExtLSA: External LSA – Advertises link state information for each Link State ID The identifier for the router originating this entry, usually in the form of an IP address.
Page 101: Ospf Neighbor Table
IP Address Events Page 1 <OK> | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description IP Address IP address of the neighboring router. The index number of the router interface to which this neighbor is attached.
Page 102 State The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: Attempt: Init: 2-Way: ExStart: Exchange: The router is describing its entire link state database by Loading: Full: Events The number of events encountered that cause a neighbor state change since boot up. Note: To scroll through the table, use the <Next Page>...
Page 103 physically adjacent neighbors. Area ID Router ID Events Page 1 <OK> | READ/WRITE Use <TAB> or arrow keys to move, other keys to make changes. Parameter Description Area ID The transit area the virtual link must cross to connect the border routers. Router ID The OSPF identifier for the router at the other end of the link.
Page 104: Resetting The System
State The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: Attempt: Init: 2-Way: ExStart: Exchange: The router is describing its entire link state database by Loading: Full: Events The number of events encountered that cause a neighbor state change since boot up. Note: To scroll through the table, use the <Next Page>...
Page 105: Logging Off The System
2.8.Logging Off the System Use the Exit command under the Main Menu to exit the configuration program and terminate communication with the switch for the current session. System Restart Menu ===================...
Page 106: Web Interface
Web browser (Internet Explorer 4.0 or above, or Netscape Navigator 4.0 or above). Prior to accessing the switch from a Web browser, be sure you have first performed the following tasks: 1. Configure it with a valid IP address and subnet mask (for Layer 2 mode) using an out-of-band serial connection or BOOTP protocol (Appendix A).
Page 107 IP Menu(2) System Restart Restart Option Menu Exit 1. Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. Only display when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. IP Configuration SNMP Communities...
Page 108: Navigating The Web Browser Interface
The default user name for the administrator is “admin,” with no password. 3.2.1.Home Page When your Web browser connects with the switch’s Web agent, the home page is displayed as shown below. The home page displays the Main Menu on the left side of the screen and System Information on the right side.
Page 109: Panel Display
3.2.3.Panel Display The Web agent displays an image of the switch’s ports, showing port links and activity. Clicking on the image of a port displays statistics and configuration information for the port.
Page 110: Configuring The Serial Port
If you are having difficulties making an out-of-band console connection to the serial port on the switch, you can display or modify the current settings for the serial port through the Web agent. Click on the serial port icon in the switch image to display or configure these settings, as shown below.
Page 111: Main Menu
The interface screen includes the main menu on the left side, the menu bar beneath the image of the switch, and a list of commands beneath the menu bar. The following table briefly describes the selections available from this program.
Page 112 Saves or restores configuration data based on the specified file. Device Control Menu System Mode³ Sets the switch to operate as a Layer 2 switch or as a multilayer routing switch. Layer 2 Menu Configures port communication mode, mirror ports, port trunking, and static addresses.
Page 113: System Information Menu
Restart Option Restarts the system with options to restore factory defaults. 1. Only displays if the intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 2. Only displays when intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. (Note that this menu includes IGMP Snooping Configuration.)
Page 114: Displaying Switch Version Information
3.4.2.Displaying Switch Version Information Use the Switch Information screen to display hardware / firmware version numbers for the main board, as well as the power status and modules plugged into the system. Parameter Description Hardware Version Hardware version of the main board.
Page 115: Changing The Network Configuration (Layer 2 Mode)
(in-band). Configuration File Saves or restores configuration data based on the specified file. Only display when intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 3.5.1.Changing the Network Configuration (Layer 2 Use the Network Configuration menu to set the bootup option and configure the switch’s IP parameters.
Page 116: Assigning Snmp Parameters
Access rights to the agent module are controlled by community strings. To communicate with the switch, the NMS must first submit a valid community string for authentication. The options for configuring community strings and related trap functions are described in the following figures and table.
Page 117: Configuring Ip Trap Managers
3.5.2.2.Configuring IP Trap Managers The following figure and table describe how to specify management stations that will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch. Up to 5 trap managers may be entered. Parameter...
Page 118: Downloading System Software
Use the TFTP Download menu to load software updates to permanent flash ROM in the switch. The download file should be a correct binary file for the switch; otherwise the agent will not accept it. The success of the download operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection.
Page 119: Saving Or Restoring The System Configuration
Issues request to TFTP server to download the specified file. 3.5.5.Saving or Restoring the System Configuration Use the Configuration File menu to save the switch configuration settings to a file on a TFTP client. The file can be later downloaded to the switch to restore the switch’s settings.
Page 120: Setting The System Operation Mode
Security Menu Configures MAC and IP² address filtering. 1. Only displayed if the intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 2. Only displayed if the intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode. (Note that this menu includes IGMP Snooping Configuration.)
Page 121: Layer 2 Menu
IP protocol traffic. Note: When the switch is set to multilayer mode, the IP menus are enabled, and the “IP Configuration (Layer 2 Mode)” menu on chapter 2 is disabled. When operating in multilayer mode, you should configure an IP interface for each VLAN that needs to communicate with any device outside of the VLAN.
Page 122 Parameter Default Link Status Admin Enabled Status Auto Enabled Negotiate* Default Type 10M-Half-Duplex If auto-negotiation is disabled, the port will be set to the Current Type Description Indicates if the port has a valid connection to an external device. Allows you to disable a port due to abnormal behavior (e.g., excessive collisions), and then enable it after the problem has been resolved.
Page 123: Using A Port Mirror For Analysis
Used to enable or disable flow control. Flow control can eliminate frame loss by “blocking” traffic from end stations or segments connected directly to the switch when its buffers fill. When enabled, back pressure is used for half-duplex and IEEE 802.3x for full-duplex.
Page 124: Configuring Port Trunks
You can configure trunks between any two switches. Ports 1-24 on this switch can be grouped into a trunk consisting of two, four or eight ports, creating an aggregate bandwidth up to 400, 800 or 1600 Mbps when operating at full duplex.
Page 125 a port trunk, remember that: • Ports can only be assigned to one trunk. • The ports at both ends of a connection must be configured as trunk ports. • The ports at both ends of a trunk must be configured in an identical manner, including communication mode and VLAN assignments.
Page 126: Static Unicast Address Table
The Static Unicast Address Table can be used to assign the MAC address for a host device to a specific port on this switch. Static unicast addresses are never aged out, and cannot be learned by another port. If any packets with a source address specified in this table enter another port, they will be dropped.
Page 127: Using The Bridge Menu
This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (that is, an STA-compliant switch, bridge or router) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network, and provide backup links that automatically take over when a primary link goes down.
Page 128: Configuring Global Bridge Settings
Bridge Contains global bridge settings for STA (including bridge priority, hello Configuration time, forward delay, maximum message age), GMRP, GVRP, traffic class priority threshold, and address aging time. STA Port Contains STA settings for individual ports, including port priority, path Configuration cost, and fast forwarding 3.6.3.1.Configuring Global Bridge Settings...
Page 129 Disabled GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (GMRP) allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups. If GMRP is globally enabled for the switch, then you can individually enable or disable GMRP for a specific port. See “VLAN Port Configuration” on chapter 3.
Page 130: Configuring Sta For Ports
Priority Defines the priority for the use of a port in the STA algorithm. If the path cost for all ports on a switch are the same, the port with the highest priority (i.e., lowest value) will be configured as an active link in the Spanning Tree.
Page 131: Configuring Virtual Lans
Forwarding should only be enabled for ports connected to an end-node device.) 3.6.4.Configuring Virtual LANs You can use the VLAN configuration menu to assign any port on the switch to any of up to 256 LAN groups. In conventional networks with routers, broadcast traffic is split up into separate domains.
Page 132 Parameter Default GARP Configuration¹ Join Time Leave Time Leave All Time 1000 1. The default values for the GARP timers are independent of the media access method or data rate. These values should not changed unless you are experiencing some difficulties with GMRP or GVRP registration / deregistration. Parameter Default VLAN and...
Page 133 Disabled Filtering 2. This switch supports Quality of Service (QoS) by using two priority queues, with Weighted Fair Queuing for each port. Inbound frames that do not have VLAN tags are tagged with the input port’s default ingress user priority, and then placed in the appropriate priority queue at the output port.
Page 134: Vlan Table Configuration
VLAN ID for that group (using VLAN tagging for Layer 2 mode, or a common PVID for multilayer mode). When operating the switch in Layer 2 mode, ports assigned to a large VLAN group that crosses several switches must use VLAN tagging. But when operating in...
Page 135: Configuring Igmp Snooping
It merely broadcasts its service to the network, and any hosts which want to receive the multicast register with their local multicast switch / router. Although this approach reduces the network overhead required by a multicast server, the...
Page 136: Configuring Ip Settings
3.6.6.1.Subnet Configuration Use this menu to specify an IP interface for any VLAN configured on this switch that needs to communicate with a device outside of its own group (that is, another network segment). You also need to define a VLAN for each IP subnet connected directly to this switch.
Page 137 (that does not have routing or a default gateway configured) to a remote subnetwork. (See “Proxy ARP” on chapter 4.) Note that Proxy ARP must be enabled globally for the switch before this setting can take effect. (See “Protocol Configuration” on chapter 3.) Routing Information Protocol for unicast routing.
Page 138 (See “RIP and RIP-2 Dynamic Routing Protocols” on chapter 4.) When RIP is enabled on this routing switch, it broadcasts RIP messages to all devices in the network every 30 seconds, and updates its own routing table when RIP messages are received from other routers.
Page 139 * This is a method of preventing routing information from looping back to the source. Note that Split Horizon is also enabled on this switch for this purpose. (See “RIP and RIP-2 Dynamic Routing Protocols” on chapter 4.)
Page 140 A 32-bit integer uniquely identifying an OSPF protocol broadcast area. This identifier can be in the form of an IP address or integer. Each port on the switch can be configured to represent one OSPF area. ID 0.0.0.0 is used for the OSPF backbone.
Page 141: Protocol Configuration
Description Sets the aging time for dynamic ARP entries. Sets the interval at which the switch advertises known routes, enables or disables advertising the switch as the default router, and enables or disables advertising static routes. OSPF Organizes an autonomous system into normal, stub, or not so stubby areas;...
Page 142 Description The time that dynamically learned entries are retained in the ARP cache. Range: 0-999 minutes, where 0 disables aging Description information. Range: 0-999 seconds, where 0 disables route advertisements Enables or disables advertising this switch as a default router.
Page 143 OSPF routers that actively exchange Link State Advertisements (LSAs). You can then define an OSPF interface by assigning an IP interface configured on this switch to one of these groups. This OSPF interface will send and receive OSPF traffic to neighboring OSPF routers.
Page 144 Parameter Description Area ID An OSPF area identifier configured for a group of OSPF routers. (For information on how to assign this identifier to a specific interface, see chapter 3 “Configuring OSPF”.) Type Indicates area type: Normal An area which can send or receive external route information. Stub An area which cannot send or receive external route information.
Page 145 VLSMs allows you to configure each subnetwork within a larger network with its own subnet mask. This provides a longer subnet mask that covers fewer host IP addresses, thereby reducing the size of the routing tables that have to be exchanged. (For more information on VSLMs, see RFCs 1219 and 1878.) Parameter Description...
Page 146 common backbone. To configure a virtual link, specify the transit area through which the endpoint routers connect, and the address of the router on this side of the link. Parameter Description Area ID An identifier for the transit area the virtual link crosses. Neighbor Router ID The IP address of the OSPF router on this end of the virtual link.
Page 147 Depending on the configuration setup, the switch either: • Forwards the packet to a preferred server as defined in the switch configuration using unicast routing, or • Broadcasts the DHCP Request again to another directly attached IP subnet specified in the switch configuration.
Page 148: Static Arp Configuration
3.6.6.3.Static ARP Configuration Use the following screen to display or edit entries in the Static ARP Table. Entries added to this table are retained until the associated IP interface is deleted or the switch is reset to the factory defaults.
Page 149: Static Route Configuration
3.6.6.4.Static Route Configuration This switch can be configured to dynamically learn the routes to other IP networks, subnets or hosts using unicast or multicast routing protocols. If the route to a specific destination cannot be learned via these protocols, or you wish to restrict the path used for transmitting traffic to a destination, it can be statically configured using the Static Route Table.
Page 150: Configuring The Default Route
Any node that presents a security risk or is functioning improperly can be filtered from this switch. You can drop all the traffic from a host device based on a specified MAC address. Traffic with either a source or destination address listed in the Security Filtering...
Page 151: Configuring Ip Address Filters
If any node presents a security risk, you can filter all traffic for this node by entering its address into the IP Security Filter. Any packet passing through the switch that has a source or destination IP address matching an entry in this table will be filtered.
Page 152: Monitoring The Switch
VLANs and ports. Also contains the ARP table, routing table, multicast menu, and OSPF menu. 1. This menu is displayed only if intelligent switch is set to Layer 2 mode or the switch is management model. 2. This menu is displayed if the intelligent switch is set to multilayer mode.
Page 153: Displaying Ethernet Port Statistics
Error statistics on the traffic passing through each port are displayed. This information can be used to identify potential problems with the switch, such as a faulty port or unusually heavy loading. The values displayed have accumulated since the last system reboot.
Page 154 Out Octets The total number of octets transmitted out of the interface, including framing characters. Out Unicast Pkts. The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be transmitted to a subnetwork-unicast address, including those that were discarded or not sent. Out Non-Unicast The total number of packets that higher-level protocols requested be Pkts.
Page 155: Displaying Rmon Statistics
3.7.1.2.Displaying RMON Statistics Use the RMON Statistics screen to display key statistics for each port from RMON group 1. (RMON groups 2, 3 and 9 can only be accessed using SNMP management software.) The following screen displays the overall statistics on traffic passing through each port.
Page 156: Layer 2 Address Table
Address Table is indicated in the following figure and table. Parameter Description Address The MAC address of a node seen on this switch. Port The port whose address table includes this MAC address. The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets (excluding framing bits, but including FCS octets) and were otherwise well formed.
Page 157: Displaying Bridge Information
3.7.3.Displaying Bridge Information The Bridge menu is used to display settings for the Spanning Tree Algorithm. For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm, refer to “Spanning Tree Algorithm” on chapter 4. Menu Description Spanning Tree Displays a full list of STA values used for the bridge. Bridge Information Spanning Tree Port Displays a list of STA values used for each port, including status,...
Page 158: Displaying The Current Sta For Ports
Root Cost The path cost from the root port on this switch to the root device. Root Port The number of the port on this switch that is closest to the root.
Page 159: Displaying Vlan Information
• A port on a network segment with no other STA-compliant bridging device is always forwarding. • If two ports of a switch are connected to the same segment and there is no other STA device attached to this segment, the port with the smaller ID forwards packets and the other is blocked.
Page 160: Vlan Forwarding Information
Shows all those ports that have been configured by either dynamic or static means to forward VLAN traffic. 3.7.5.IP Multicast Registration Table This table displays all the multicast groups active on the switch, including the multicast IP address and the corresponding VLANs. Parameter...
Page 161: Displaying Subnet Information
Displays a link state advertisement summary, the neighbor table, and the virtual neighbor table. 3.7.6.1.Displaying Subnet Information You can display a list of all the IP interfaces configured on this switch. This table includes the gateway address, corresponding VLAN, and member ports that use this address.
Page 162: Routing Table
The number of seconds elapsed since this route was last updated or otherwise determined to be correct. (This entry only applies to RIP.) Routing Metric A relative measure of the path cost from this switch to the destination network. (This value depends on the specific routing protocol.) A directly connected subnetwork.
Page 163: Multicast Table
3.7.6.4.Multicast Table You can use this menu to display all the multicast groups currently active on this switch, the IGMP cache, the multicast forwarding cache, and DVMRP routing information. Parameter Description IP Multicast Displays all active multicast groups, including the multicast IP Registration Table address and the corresponding VLANs.
Page 164 Displaying the DVMRP Routing Table The DVMRP Routing Table contains all the IP multicast routes learned by the DVMRP protocol. The routes displayed in this table are used by this switch to forward new IP multicast traffic. They do not reflect active multicast flows.
Page 165: Ospf Table
The metric for this interface used to calculate distance vectors. Up Time The time elapsed since this entry was created. Displaying the DVMRP Neighbor Table The DVMRP Neighbor Table contains the switch’s DVMRP neighbors, as discovered by receiving DVMRP protocol messages. Parameter Description Interface The IP interface on this switch that connects to the upstream neighbor.
Page 166 Parameter Description IP Address The IP address of this OSPF interface. Router ID Router ID for this router. Designated The IP of the designated router. The designated router advertises the Router link state of the OSPF Area. Backup DR The backup designated router. If the designated router fails, the backup designated router takes its place.
Page 167 The link state sequence number, used to remove previous duplicate LSAs. The number of seconds since this LSA was originated. Displaying the Neighbor Table Each router exchanges link state information with all neighbors physically attached to the same network segment. This table displays a summary of the link state for all adjacent neighbors.
Page 168 State The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: Attempt: Init: 2-Way: ExStart: Exchange: The router is describing its entire link state database by Loading: Full: Events The number of events encountered that cause a neighbor state change since boot up. Displaying the Virtual Neighbor Table Virtual links can be used to link an area isolated from the backbone, to create a redundant link between any area and the backbone to help prevent partitioning, or to...
Page 169 Parameter Description Area ID The transit area the virtual link must cross to connect the border routers. Router ID The OSPF identifier for the router at the other end of the link. IP Address IP address of the border router at the other end of the link. Option The optional OSPF capabilities supported by the neighbor.
Page 170: Resetting The System
State The communication state for two adjacent routers: Down: Attempt: Init: 2-Way: ExStart: Exchange: The router is describing its entire link state database by Loading: Full: Events The number of events encountered that cause a neighbor state change since boot up. 3.8.Resetting the System Use the Restart command under the Main Menu to reset the management agent.
Page 171 Parameter Reload Factory Defaults Apply Note: When restarting the system, it will always run the Power-On Self-Test. It will also retain all system information, unless you elect to reload the factory defaults. Description Reloads the factory defaults Restarts the switch.
Page 172: Chapter 4: Advanced Topics
If the frame is untagged, the switch classifies the frame into the default VLAN for the incoming port. If the frame is tagged, the switch uses the tagged VLAN ID to identify the broadcast domain of the frame. • Learning—After VLAN classification, the switch checks the <source MAC address, VLAN>...
Page 173: Multicast Switching
If known, the switch forwards the received frame to the port associated with the pair. At the same time, the switch decides whether a VLAN tag needs to be added to or stripped from the frame, depending on the VLAN tagged / untagged configuration and VLAN ID for the output port.
Page 174 IEEE 802.1D) can be used to detect and disable network loops, and to provide link backup. This allows the switch to interact with other bridging devices (including STA-compliant switches, bridges or routers) in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network.
Page 175: Layer 3 Switching
VLANs as required. However, when the switch is first set to multilayer mode, no default routing is defined. As with all traditional routers, the routing function must first be configured to work. (RIP: chapter 2 , 3 “Configuring RIP”;...
Page 176: Ip Switching
However, if the packet belongs to a subnet not included on this switch, then the packet should be sent to a router (with the MAC address of the router itself used as the destination MAC address, and the destination IP address of the destination node).
Page 177: Routing Path Management
Layer 3 address table. If the switch determines that a frame must be routed, the route is calculated only during setup. Once the route has been determined, all packets in the current flow are simply switched or forwarded across the chosen path.
Page 178: Proxy Arp
ARP request by sending its own MAC address to the requesting node. That node then sends traffic to the switch, which in turn uses its own routing table to forward the traffic to the remote destination.
Page 179: Ospfv2 Dynamic Routing Protocol
with any updates to its routing table. This allows all routers on the network to learn consistent tables of next hop links which lead to relevant subnets. Just as Layer 2 switches use the Spanning Tree Algorithm to prevent loops, routers also use methods for preventing loops that would cause endless retransmission of data traffic.
Page 180 Note that when you enable OSPF for any IP interface on the switch, it is assigned to the backbone by default (Area 0.0.0.0). As a general rule, no area should contain more than 50 routers. To create a new area, designate an Area ID that will be used by all of the other routers in this area, specify the area type as Normal, Stub, or NSSA (chapter 2,3 “Configuring Global Settings for OSPF”), and then assign...
Page 181 priority, or highest Router ID in case of a tie (chapter 2,3 “Configuring OSPF”). Area Border Router – An Area Border Router (ABR) must be configured between each area and the backbone. An ABR should be configured with an IP interface that connects directly to both the backbone and the area on which it borders (chapter 2,3 “Adding an IP Interface”).
Page 182: Non-Ip Protocol Routing
4.2.7.Non-IP Protocol Routing The switch supports IP routing only. Non-IP protocols such as IPX and Appletalk cannot be routed by this switch, and will be confined within their local VLAN group unless bridged by an external router. To coexist with a network built on multilayer switches, the subnetworks for non-IP protocols must follow the same logical boundary as that of the IP subnetworks.
Page 183: Assigning Ports To Vlans
VLAN(s). However, if you want a port on this switch to participate in one or more VLANs, but the device at the other end of the link does not support VLANs, then you must add this port as an untagged port (that is, a port attached to a VLAN-unaware device).
Page 184: Port Overlapping
VLAN groups based solely on endstation requests. 4.3.2.Forwarding Tagged / Untagged Frames Ports can be assigned to multiple tagged or untagged VLANs. Each port on the switch is therefore capable of passing tagged or untagged frames. To forward a frame from a VLAN-aware device to a VLAN-unaware device, the switch first decides where to forward the frame, and then strips off the VLAN tag.
Page 185: Connecting Vlan Groups
By using the abstraction of a logical port number to represent a collection of physical switch ports in the same VLAN, Layer 3 switching can occur from one VLAN to another transparently, without changing the routing protocol and IP routing software, while Layer 2 switching is still used for intra-VLAN traffic.
Page 186: Multicast Filtering
A common approach is to use a group registration protocol that allows nodes to join or leave multicast groups. A switch or router can then easily determine which ports contain group members and send data out to those ports only.
Page 187: Igmp Protocol
A router, or multicast-enabled switch, can periodically ask their hosts if they want to receive multicast traffic. If there is more than one router / switch on the LAN performing IP multicasting, one of these devices is elected “querier” and assumes the role of querying the LAN for group members.
Page 188: Dvmrp Routing Protocol
This function can be used to provide independent priorities for various types of data, such as real-time video or voice, and best-effort data. Priority assignment to a packet in the switch can be accomplished in any of the following ways: •...
Page 189: Security Features
DHCP Request packet so the server knows the subnet where the client is located. Then, depending on the configuration setup, the switch either: • Forwards the packet to a specific server as defined in the switch’s configuration using unicast routing, or •...
Page 190: User Name And Passwords
MAC address filter will then be dropped by the switch upon entry. 4.7.4.IP Address Filters IP addresses can also be set to be filtered by the switch. IP packets with a source or destination address listed in the IP address filter will be dropped by the switch upon entry.
Page 191 required for basic remote monitoring. These groups include: Statistics: Includes all the tools needed to monitor your network for common errors and overall traffic rates. Information is provided on bandwidth utilization, peak utilization, packet types, errors and collisions, as well as the distribution of packet sizes. History: Can be used to create a record of network utilization, packet types, errors and collisions.
Page 192: Appendix A: Troubleshooting
5.2.Upgrading Firmware via the Serial Port You can upgrade system firmware by connecting your computer to the serial port on the switch and using a console interface package that supports the Xmodem protocol. (See “Required Connections” on chapter 1.) Restart the system by using the Restart System command, or by pulling out the power cord to reset the power, waiting five seconds, and plugging it back in.
Page 193 Notes: 1. If you use Windows HyperTerminal, disconnect , set the baud rate, and reconnect. 2. The download file should be a correct binary file for the switch; otherwise the agent will not accept it. 3. After the file has been downloaded, the console screen will display information similar to that shown below.
Page 194 MAINBOARD DOLPHIN RAMBIST TEST... PASS! MAINBOARD STARFISH RAMBIST TEST... PASS! Press <Enter> to start UI For details on managing the switch, refer to Chapter 2 for information on the out-of-band console interface, or Chapter 3 for information on the Web interface.
Page 195: Appendix B: Pin Assignments
6. Appendix B: Pin Assignments 6.1.Console Port Pin Assignments The DB-9 serial port on the switch’s rear panel is used to connect to the switch for out-of-band console configuration. The onboard menu-driven configuration program can be accessed from a terminal, a PC running a terminal emulation program, or from a remote location via a modem connection.
Page 196: Console Port To 9-Pin Com Port On Pc
6.1.2.Console Port to 9-Pin COM Port on PC Switch’s 9-Pin Serial Port 1 DCD 2 RXD 3 TXD 4 DTR 5 SGND 6 DSR 7 RTS 8 CTS 9 RI 6.1.3.Console Port to 25-Pin DCE Port on Modem Switch’s 9-Pin Serial Port 1 <--------- DCD ------------ 8...
Page 197: Glossary
7.1.4.GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) Defines a way for switches to exchange VLAN information in order to register necessary VLAN members on ports along the Spanning Tree so that VLANs defined in each switch can work automatically over a Spanning Tree network.
Page 198: Internet Control Message Protocol (Icmp)
Management of the network from a station attached directly to the network. 7.1.16.IP Multicast Filtering A process whereby this switch can pass multicast traffic along to participating hosts. 7.1.17.Layer 2 Data Link layer in the ISO 7-Layer Data Communications Protocol. This is related directly to the hardware interface for network devices and passes on traffic based on MAC addresses.
Page 199: Layer 3
An acronym for Management Information Base. It is a set of database objects that contains information about a specific device. 7.1.21.Multicast Switching A process whereby the switch filters incoming multicast frames for services for which no attached host has registered, or forwards them to all ports contained within the designated multicast VLAN group.
Page 200: Routing Information Protocol (Rip)
including specific error types. 7.1.27.Routing Information Protocol (RIP) The RIP protocol seeks to find the shortest route to another device by minimizing the distance-vector, or hop count, which serves as a rough estimate of transmission cost. RIP-2 is a compatible upgrade to RIP. It adds useful capabilities for subnet routing, authentication, and multicast transmissions.

LevelOne GSW-2600TXM User Manual

1 Switch Management

2 Console Interface

3 Web Interface

4 Chapter 4: Advanced Topics

5 Appendix A: Troubleshooting

6 Appendix B: Pin Assignments

7 Glossary

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