Cadillac 1933 V8 Operator's Manual page 24

form in the water passages of the cylinder blocks and heads, and
the difficulty of securing and maintaining tight, leakproof con-
nections. It is absolutely necessary that the entire cooling system
be thoroughly cleaned and flushed before glycerine or ethylene
glycol is used.
It is also necessary to tighten or replace the cylinder head
gaskets, hose connections and pump packing. The cylinder head
gaskets must be kept tight to prevent the solution from leaking
into the crankcase where it might cause gumming and sticking
of the moving parts. The pump packing must be kept tight to
prevent air from being drawn into the cooling system, in order to
avoid foaming and other difficulties which may result when air
is present.
Ethylene glycol (Prestone), sold in the United States for anti-
freezing purposes, and radiator glycerine, produced under the
formula approved by the Glycerine Producers' Association, are
chemically treated to overcome the difficulties mentioned in the
above paragraph, and, under normal operating conditions, with
tight hose connections and cylinder head gaskets, should be
satisfactory for use in the cooling system.
Glycerine and ethylene glycol should be used in accordance
with the instructions and in the proportions recommended by the
anti-freeze manufacturer. These solutions generally contain
inhibitors acting in the same manner as the special inhibitor used
in Cadillac cars, and when these solutions are used, the propor-
tion of the inhibitor should not be increased by the use of the
special inhibitor in the cooling system. Too large a percent-
age of the inhibitor will increase rather than retard foaming and
result in more rapid formation of rust and scale as well as the loss
of the anti-freeze solution by spillage.
In using a hydrometer to determine the temperature at which
a solution will freeze, the test must be made at the temperature
at which the hydrometer is calibrated. If the solution is warmer
or colder, it must be brought to this temperature or large errors
may result. In some cases these errors may be as large as 30
degrees Fahrenheit. Freezing point hydrometers are not inter-
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changeable. A different float is required for denatured alcohol,
methanol, glycerine and ethylene glycol.
Salt solutions, such as calcium chloride, magnesium chloride
or sodium silicate, kerosine, honey, glucose and sugar solutions
are not satisfactory for use in automobile radiators.
The capacity of the cooling system is 6 ½ gallons when filled to
a point about 1 ½ inches below the top of the filler neck which is
located under the hood on the right-hand side of the car. (See
Fig. 26, Page 44.)
Winter Lubrication
Lubrication of the car requires special attention in winter, not
only to insure proper protection for the moving parts, but to
secure the same ease of operation in starting, steering and shifting
gears as during warm weather.
The chart of engine oil recommendations on page 13 gives the
proper grade of engine oil to be used for cold weather driving. It
will be noticed that lighter oils can be used during cold weather
providing the car is not driven at high speeds. "Heavy duty"
oils, however, must be used for prolonged high speed driving in
winter as well as summer to prevent excessive oil consumption.
The lubricant in the transmission and rear axle should be
thinned or replaced with a lubricant of suitable cold viscosity as
soon as the gears are hard to shift.
The lubricant used during winter weather in the steering gear
should have a low cold viscosity and should preferably be an all
year-round lubricant. Steering gear lubricants should not under
any circumstances be thinned with kerosine as the pressure be-
tween the worm and sector will force out a thinned lubricant and
permit excessive wear at this point.
Storage Battery
The electrical system of a car has much more to do in winter.
The stiffness of the lubricant makes the engine harder to crank in
cold weather and it generally is cranked longer before it starts.
The lights are also used to a much greater extent than during the
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