Page 2
Intermec Technologies Corporation 6001 36th Avenue West P.O. Box 4280 Everett, WA 98203-9280 U.S. service and technical support: 1-800-755-5505 U.S. media supplies ordering information: 1-800-227-9947 Canadian service and technical support: 1-800-668-7043 Canadian media supplies ordering information: 1-800-268-6936 Outside U.S.A. and Canada: Contact your local Intermec service supplier. The information contained herein is proprietary and is provided solely for the purpose of allowing customers to operate and/or service Intermec manufactured equipment and is not to be released, reproduced, or used for any other purpose without written permission of Intermec.
Contents Before You Begin vii Warranty Information vii Safety Summary vii Warnings, Cautions, and Notes viii About This Manual viii Learning About the Terminal What Are the Trakker Antares 243X Terminals? 1-3 Learning About the 243X’s Features 1-4 Options for the Terminals 1-5 Accessories for the Terminals 1-6 Unpacking the Terminal 1-7 Using the Terminal’s Battery Pack 1-8...
Page 4
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Using the Terminal’s Scanner 1-21 Learning About the Connector Modules 1-23 Connecting an Input Device 1-24 Scanning Options 1-24 Connecting to a Serial Device or Network 1-24 Defining the Terminal’s Drives 1-25 Using the Terminal for the First Time 1-26 Configuring the Terminal How to Configure the Terminal 2-3 About the Configurations 2-3...
Page 5
Using RF Communications on the Terminal 3-11 Planning the Network Connection 3-11 Configuring the DCS 30X 3-12 Configuring the Access Points 3-12 OpenAir Radio 3-13 802.11b Radio 3-13 About the Network Parameters 3-14 Monitoring Network Communications 3-14 Troubleshooting and Maintaining the Terminal How to Use This Chapter 4-3 Problems While Operating the Terminal 4-4 Problems While Configuring the Terminal 4-6...
d 39 nugget Before You Begin Before You Begin This section introduces you to standard warranty provisions, safety precautions, warnings and cautions, document formatting conventions, and sources of additional product information. A documentation roadmap is also provided to guide you in finding the appropriate information.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Warnings, Cautions, and Notes The warnings, cautions, and notes in this manual use the following format. Warning A warning alerts you of an operating procedure, practice, condition, or statement that must be strictly observed to avoid death or serious injury to the persons working on the equipment.
Page 9
nugget What You Will Find in This Manual This table summarizes the information in each chapter and appendix. Chapter Summary Introduces the Trakker Antares 2430 and 2435 hand-held terminals and their features. Also describes the batteries, memory, drives, and input devices. Describes the different methods that you can use to configure the 243X and its memory and drives.
Page 10
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Terminology (continued) Term Host 243X Terminal Trakker Antares Conventions for Input From a Keypad or Keyboard This table describes the formatting conventions for input from PC or host computer keyboards and terminal keypads: Convention Special text Italic text...
Page 11
nugget Conventions for Bar Codes You can scan the bar codes listed in this manual to enter data or perform a command. The bar code labels in this manual are printed in the Code 39 symbology. Each bar code includes the name and human-readable interpretation. For example: Change Configuration Name *$+*...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Conventions for Commands This manual includes sample commands that are shown exactly as you should type them on your terminal or network device. The manual also describes the syntax for many commands, defining each parameter in the command. This example illustrates the format conventions used for commands: To send a configuration command from the DCS 30X, use this syntax: $+ command [ command ]...[ command n ]...
nugget Learning About the Terminal This chapter introduces the Trakker Antares 2430 and 2435 hand-held terminals and their features including the batteries, memory, drives, and input devices. It also describes how to start using the 243X. What Are the Trakker Antares 243X Terminals? The 2430 and 2435 are ergonomic hand-held data collection terminals.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Learning About the 243X’s Features The 243X is designed to make data collection easy and includes these features: CGA-compatible screen The screen is a backlit LCD that is configurable up to 21 lines by 31 characters.
Standard connector module (supports non-decoded tethered scanners) or serial connector module (supports decoded tethered scanners) • IBM 3270, IBM 5250, and VT100/220/320 and ANSI TE 2000 terminal emulation application with 57-key alphanumeric or 39-key function numeric keypads • UDP Plus (DCS 30X network) or TCP/IP network protocol •...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Accessories for the Terminals You can use these accessories (sold and ordered separately) with the 243X: Vehicle Dock The vehicle dock is available in a standard model (Part No. 071805) and a powered model (Part No. 071695). This accessory allows you to easily mount the 243X to a variety of surfaces.
Unpacking the Terminal When you remove the 243X from its box, save the box and shipping material in case you need to ship or store the terminal. The terminal shipping box contains: Information packet • 2430 or 2435 hand-held terminal •...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Using the Terminal’s Battery Pack Warning The lithium-ion battery pack that is used in this device may present a fire or chemical burn hazard if it is mistreated. Do not disassemble it, heat it above 100ºC (212ºF) or incinerate it.
nugget Charging the Battery Pack You must fully charge the battery pack before you can use the terminal. To charge the battery pack • Place the battery pack in an empty slot in the battery charger. The battery pack fully charges in 3 to 4 hours.
Page 22
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual 2. Open the battery door. a. Push down on the battery door latch and slide it toward the bottom end of the 243X. b. Lift up the bottom edge of the battery door to remove it. You may need to pry the door open with a pointed object.
TE 2000 keypad overlay. Each TE 2000 keypad overlay is similar to the standard U.S. English keypad overlay, but it contains additional keys that are available on an IBM 3270, IBM 5250, or VT/ANSI keyboard. For additional help using terminal emulation, see the appropriate TE 2000 manual.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Finding the Special Keys Before you use the terminal’s keypad, make sure you are familiar with the different types of keys on the keypad. You need to use these special keys on all keypad options. The special keys that you use to type characters or perform functions are explained in the next sections.
nugget Typing the Characters Printed on the Keypad The keypads are easy to use. Characters, symbols, and functions are printed in four places on or above the keys. The keys are also color-coded to make it easier to remember key combinations. Position on the Keypad Color on Overlay Printed on the key...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Using the Modifier Keys The keypad does not have a physical key for every character and function available. You use the Function Left ( keys to access characters or perform functions that do not have a physical key on the keypad.
nugget To enable Caps Lock 1. Press . The Modifier Key status icon turns on. 2. Press . The Caps Lock icon turns on and the Modifier Key icon turns off. 3. Type an alphabetic character. The letter appears as an uppercase character on the terminal’s screen.
TE 2000 3270. When you order a TE 2000 application, you also receive the appropriate TE 2000 keypad overlay. TE 2000 keypad overlays let you enter the same keys that you can enter from a VT/ANSI keyboard, an IBM 5250 keyboard, or an IBM 3270 keyboard.
Using the Screen You can use the terminal’s screen to view data, run applications, monitor the terminal’s status, and perform many other functions. The CGA-compatible screen is a backlit LCD that is configurable up to 21 lines by 31 characters. The screen also supports double- byte characters, user-programmable fonts, and bitmap graphics.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Learning About the Status Icons You can use the status icons on the right side of the screen to monitor the status of battery power, special keys, and network communications. The status icons only turn on to indicate the current status.
Network Transmit This icon turns on when data is buffered in the RF network interface. The data is either waiting to be transmitted to the DCS 30X or host, or received data has not been accepted by the application on the 2435. When no data is being buffered in the interface, the Network Transmit icon is off.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual This table lists each beep sequence and describes the situations under which they occur. Beep Sequence High beep Three low beeps Four low beeps Low beep, high beep, low beep, high beep Click Low beep (every 15 seconds) Using the Terminal’s Serial Port...
Port RF (NET) Using the Terminal’s Scanner Warning Do not look directly into the window area or at a reflection of the laser beam while the laser is scanning. Long-term exposure to the laser beam can damage your vision. Avertissement Ne regardez pas directement la réflexion d’un rayon laser ou dans la fenêtre du laser lorsque celui-ci est en opération.
Page 34
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Note: If you have a long range or extra long range scanner, you may need hold the terminal further away. 3. Push the Scan button on the keypad or one of the side scan buttons on the terminal. Direct the beam so that it falls across all bars in the bar code label.
nugget Use the following guidelines to achieve a successful scan: • Hold the terminal so that the scanner is pointing toward the bar code label. Tilt the terminal up or down slightly (20 degrees). • Optimum scan angles vary with the type and print quality of the bar code label, the distance of the scanner from the label, and the lighting in the area.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Connecting an Input Device 1. Use the appropriate interface cable to attach an input device to the input device connector on the connector module. For a list of supported input devices and cables, see “Input Devices and Cables”...
Note: The serial/power connector and the input device connector lead to the same serial port, COM1. Do not connect more than one serial device to the 243X. To connect the 243X to a serial device using the serial/power connector 1. Attach a serial device to the serial adapter cable (Part No. 216-807-001) (sold and ordered separately).
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Drive C is a 2MB flash drive. You can use up to 750K of this flash drive to store up to 128 files on drive C. Applications must be stored on drive C. You use standard ANSI C library interface definitions to access the information on this drive.
Page 39
nugget 5. Configure the serial port parameters. For more information, see “Using Serial Communications on the Terminal” in Chapter 3. 6. (2435 only) Configure the RF parameters. For more information, see “Using RF Communications on the Terminal” in Chapter 3. 7.
Configuring the Terminal This chapter describes the different methods that you can use to configure the 243X and its memory and drives. It also explains how to configure the terminal using the TRAKKER Antares 2400 Menu System and the clone application. How to Configure the Terminal You can customize many of the operating characteristics of the 243X terminals, such as the volume of their audio signals and the bar code symbologies they decode.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Current This configuration, also called the runtime configuration, uses the configuration that is saved in RAM. When you change a parameter by using the menu system, by scanning a bar code, by sending it from a host application, or by sending it from the DCS 30X, the terminal updates the current configuration.
Page 45
Configuring the Terminal System Menu Choose this menu to manage files, load the default configuration, set the time and date, store the terminal’s configuration in flash memory, and upgrade the firmware. About TRAKKER 2400 Choose this option to see the part number, firmware version, radio, and RF protocol (UDP Plus or TCP/IP) that is loaded on the terminal.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Accessing Online Help The TRAKKER Antares 2400 Menu System provides online help for the menus and commands. To access a help screen • Press To exit a help screen • Press Selecting Menus and Commands A menu consists of a list of secondary menu items or commands.
Configuring the Terminal For example, the Primary Network screen has toggle and entry fields. The Activate field is a toggle field. Press to toggle between Disabled and 802.11 DS or OpenAir. The Host IP Address and Terminal IP Address fields are entry fields. You type a value into the field for each IP address.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Entering ASCII Control Characters You can include ASCII control characters in a postamble or preamble by using the TRAKKER Antares 2400 Menu System. For a definition of the postamble or preamble, see Chapter 6, “Configuration Command Reference,” in the 2400 Family system manual.
6. Type the control character, extended ASCII character, or escape character sequence in the preamble or postamble field. • To type a control character or extended ASCII character in the preamble or postamble field, use this syntax: \x hh where hh is the two-digit hexadecimal number for the control character or extended ASCII character.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Exiting the Menu System 1. Press made any changes to the current configuration, the next screen prompts you to save the configuration parameters that are currently enabled on the terminal to RAM. 2. Choose Yes and press configuration on the terminal.
4. Choose Yes and press saves the current configuration as the active configuration. The Exiting TRAKKER Antares 2400 Menu System screen appears. Choose No and press changes until you boot or reset the terminal. The Exiting TRAKKER Antares 2400 Menu System screen appears. Choose Cancel and press 5.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual For more information about upgrading firmware, see Chapter 2 in the 2400 Family system manual. For more information about downloading applications, see “How to Download and Run Applications” in Chapter 3 of the 2400 Family system manual. To clone configuration parameters and applications 1.
Configuring the Terminal For example, if your application size is 64K and drive E is configured as a 256K RAM drive, you are using 320K of the 512K application execution space. The application uses the remaining 192K of RAM as a Malloc/free dynamic memory pool. By default, the RAM drive is not configured and the memory is available for applications.
nugget Operating the Terminal in a Network This chapter describes how to install and configure the 243X in a serial or RF network. It also explains how the 243X fits into a particular network and how to use serial or network communications.
Page 58
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual UDP Plus Network In a UDP Plus RF network, the 2435 communicates with a host computer through the DCS 30X. The DCS 30X translates UDP Plus packets on the RF network into TCP/IP packets on the wired network and vice versa. The access point acts as a bridge to allow communications between the wired network and the RF network.
Page 59
nugget Multiple Subnetworks (UDP Plus) In a UDP Plus network, you can install the 2435 terminals, access points, and DCS 30X as shown in the next illustration. All the terminals and access points in this illustration communicate with the DCS 30X at IP address 192.9.175.7.
Page 60
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Multiple Subnetworks (TCP/IP) In a TCP/IP network, you can install the 2435 terminals and access points as shown in the next illustration. All the terminals and access points in this illustration communicate with the host at IP address 192.9.175.7. If you are using 21XX access points, a terminal can roam across subnetworks.
Communicating Across Subnetworks (UDP Plus) You can install the 2435 terminals and access points in one subnetwork and install the DCS 30X or host in another subnetwork. In this network, you must configure additional network parameters (default router and subnet mask). The next illustration shows the DCS 30X in another subnetwork from the terminals.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Depending on the protocol you choose in Step 2, you must set some or all of the serial port parameters to have the terminal communicate with a host computer or serial device in a wired network. The values you set for the terminal’s serial port parameters must match the values set for the host’s (or other device’s) serial port parameters.
nugget Configurable Protocol Configurable protocol is based on Intermec’s Polling Mode D protocol except that you have the option to change some of the serial port protocol parameters or remove specific events from the protocol, such as poll or handshake. You can configure the following serial port parameters: •...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Master Polling Protocol Master Polling Mode D protocol requires the terminal to ask the downline serial device for data it may have (polling) and to request to send data to the serial device (selecting). There is no automatic polling, so your application must poll periodically for data.
Using RF Communications on the Terminal Caution Make sure all components with antennas are at least 30 cm (1 ft) apart when power is applied. Failure to comply could result in equipment damage. Conseil Assurez-vous que la distance entre tous les éléments avec antennes soit d'au moins 30 centimètres (un pied) avant de faire la connexion avec l'alimentation électrique, faute de quoi vous risquez d'endommager votre installation.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Configuring the DCS 30X The DCS 30X supports and manages communications with other devices in the UDP Plus network. When you install and configure the DCS 30X, you identify the host computers and 2435 terminals in your network. The terminals communicate using a reliable RF protocol (UDP Plus) to the DCS 30X.
nugget If you are out of range of all access points in the network, the data is stored in the terminal’s radio buffer. The Network Connect status icon turns off. You can continue to collect data until the radio buffer is full. When the buffer is full, the application displays a communication timeout status.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual About the Network Parameters When you install the 2435 in a network, you must configure the network parameters that control how the terminal communicates in the network. The set of network parameters you must configure depends on whether you install the terminal on the same subnetwork as the DCS 30X or host (TCP/IP) or on a different subnetwork.
nugget This chapter lists problems you may encounter while using the terminal and provides some possible solutions. It also describes how to boot or reset the terminal and clean the scanner window and terminal screen. How to Use This Chapter If you have any problems using the 243X, use this table as a guide to find the problem and solution in this chapter: Problem...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual You can also use the error numbers and messages table and the terminal diagnostics to help analyze and solve problems. For help, see Chapter 4, “Running Diagnostics,” in the 2400 Family system manual. If you have problems with the TE 2000 terminal emulation applications, see the appropriate TE manual.
Page 73
nugget Problems While Operating the Terminal (continued) Problem You cannot scan bar code labels. You are scanning bar code labels, and the terminal appears to be operating slowly. You scan a reader command, such as Change Configuration, and nothing happens. You scan a valid bar code label to enter data for your application.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Problems While Operating the Terminal (continued) Problem The terminal appears to be locked up and you cannot enter data. Problems While Configuring the Terminal You can configure the terminal by using the TRAKKER Antares 2400 Menu System, by scanning configuration commands, or by using the clone application.
Page 75
nugget Problems While Configuring the Terminal (continued) Problem You scan a configuration command, such as Keypad Caps Lock, and nothing happens. You scan a configuration command, such as Keypad Caps Lock, and you hear three low beeps. On the 2435, you scan a configuration command to set one of these parameters and hear three low beeps: •...
Page 76
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Problems While Configuring the Terminal (continued) Problem You are configuring the serial port and see this error message when exiting the Configuration Menu: Serial port configuration error. SOM cannot equal EOM. Configuration was not updated. You are configuring the serial port and see this error message when exiting the Configuration Menu:...
Page 77
nugget Problems While Configuring the Terminal (continued) Problem You are configuring the serial port and see this error message when exiting the Configuration Menu: PG command failed. Configuration was not updated. You see this error message when exiting the Configuration Menu: Commandname command failed.
Page 78
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Problems While Configuring the Terminal (continued) Problem On the 2435, you see this error message when exiting the Configuration Menu: Network configuration error. Network is enabled. Terminal IP address and Default Router address set to the same address.
nugget Problems Communicating With RF Network Devices If the 2435 is not communicating with other devices in the RF network, check these possible problems. Problem When you turn on the terminal after it was suspended for 10-15 minutes or longer, the terminal can no longer send or receive messages over the network.
Page 80
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Problems Communicating With RF Network Devices (continued) Problem The Network Connect icon blinks on the terminal screen and you see this message: Unable to connect to controller. Error 102. Unable to establish connection to host.
nugget Problems While Running Applications If you are running applications on the terminal and have trouble, check these possible problems and solutions. Problem There is not enough memory to load a program. You see this error message when trying to load a program: ERROR LOADING MODULE LIBRARY NAME:...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Problems Transmitting Data Through the Serial Port If you are having problems sending or receiving data through the serial port on the terminal, check these possible problems: • Make sure the terminal is connected to the PC, host computer, or serial device through COM1.
nugget Problems Scanning Bar Code Labels If you cannot scan bar code labels or you are having problems with the scanner, check these possible problems. Problem The terminal is turned off. You cannot see a red beam of light from the scanner when you press the scan button and aim the scanner at a bar code label.
Page 84
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Problems Scanning Bar Code Labels (continued) Problem The integrated scanner does not read the bar code labels quickly, or the scanning beam seems to be faint or obscured. When you release the Scan Button, the Good Read LED does not turn off.
nugget Booting the Terminal You seldom need to boot or reset the terminal. When you boot the terminal, it runs through power-on self test (POST) to test each major subsystem. The terminal uses the configuration currently saved in flash memory. After the terminal is finished booting, your application appears on the screen.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Using the Boot Menu To access the Boot menu, you can • upgrade the firmware. For help, see “Upgrading the Firmware” in Chapter 2 of the 2400 Family system manual. • reset the terminal. For help, see “Resetting the Terminal” on page 4-19. •...
nugget 3. Scan the Reset Firmware label to restart the firmware and application. Reset Firmware *-.* *-.* If the terminal or application still will not respond, reset the terminal. For help, continue with the next section. Resetting the Terminal If you performed the steps in “Troubleshooting a Locked Up Application” and the terminal or application is locked up and the terminal will not respond to the Reset Firmware command, follow the steps in this section to reset the terminal.
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Cleaning the Scanner Window and Terminal Screen The terminals are built for use in an industrial working environment. You may need to perform these minor maintenance tasks to keep the terminal in good working order: •...
This appendix lists the terminal’s physical and environmental specifications. Physical and Environmental Specifications You can use the tables in this section to find technical information about these features and options: • Terminal Dimensions • Power Specifications • Electrical Specifications • Temperature and Environmental Specifications •...
Page 92
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Temperature and Environmental Specifications Operating the terminal: Storing the terminal: Charging the terminal: Relative humidity: Screen • CGA-compatible, backlit LCD • Configurable up to 21 lines by 31 columns Keypad Options • (57-key) Alphanumeric keypad, available with programmable, international, 3270 TE, 5250 TE, or VT/ANSI TE overlays •...
Page 93
802.11b Radio Specifications Radio type Direct sequence, spread spectrum Channels 11 (North America), 13 (Europe), 4 (France), 1 (Japan) Data rate 11 Mbps (High), 5.5 Mbps (Medium), 2 Mbps (Standard), 1 Mbps (Low) with automatic fallback for increased range Range (11 Mbps) 160 m (525 ft) open environment 50 m (165 ft) semi-open environment 24 m (80 ft) closed environment...
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual Input Devices and Cables You must use an interface cable to connect an input device to the input device connector. Use the following table to determine which non-decoded input device you can attach to the 243X and which cable you need: Non-Decoded Intermec Input Device 1550C laser scanner 1553E laser scanner...
Pin Assignments for the Input Device Connectors The following illustrations show the type of connectors and pin assignments for the input device connectors on both the standard connector module and the serial connector module. Serial Connector Module (Decoded Scanner Connector) 1 Not used Not used-6 2-RXD...
Page 99
Symbols and Numbers key, See Control key key, See Shift key key, See Function Left key key, See Function Right key configuring to boot the terminal, 4-17 turning the terminal on and off, 1-13 See also Suspend/Resume key 243X, See terminal 3270 and 5250 terminal emulation, See the TE 2000 5250 Terminal Emulation Programmer’s Guide or the TE 2000 3270 Terminal Emulation Programmer’s Guide...
Page 100
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual cloning cable connecting to terminal, 2-12 terminal accessory, described, 1-6 cold boot, 4-19 COM ports, See serial port COM1 described, 1-20 pin assignments, A-6 See also serial port commands conventions, defined, xii selecting, 2-6 TRAKKER Antares 2400 Menu System, selecting, 2-6 See also the Trakker Antares 2400 Family System Manual communications...
Page 101
electrical specifications, A-3 entering data keypad, using, 1-13 troubleshooting, terminal locked up, 4-6 environmental specifications, A-4 equipment, required for network, 3-11 error messages application error, 4-13 audio signals, list of, 1-20 DCS 30X, 4-14 EOM or SOM configuration error, 4-8 network configuration error, 4-9, 4-10 PG command failed error, 4-9 POST failed, 4-4...
Page 102
Trakker Antares 243X Hand-Held Terminal User’s Manual keys (continued) Scan button, 1-21 side scan buttons, 1-21 special keys, finding, 1-12 languages, international keypads, 1-15 laser scanner, See scanner LED, See Good Read LED lock up application, troubleshooting, 4-18 terminal, troubleshooting, 4-6 Malloc/free dynamic memory pool, 2-12 managing battery power, 1-11 manual...
Need help?
Do you have a question about the 243XHand-HeldTerminal 243X and is the answer not in the manual?
Questions and answers