Ericsson HM220d User Manual
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Ericsson HM220d User Manual

Ericsson HM220d User Manual

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HM220d ADSL Modem User Guide
HM220d ADSL Modem
User Guide
© Ericsson Mobile Communications AB 2000
All rights reserved

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Summary of Contents for Ericsson HM220d

  • Page 1 HM220d ADSL Modem User Guide HM220d ADSL Modem User Guide © Ericsson Mobile Communications AB 2000 All rights reserved...
  • Page 2 Ericsson Mobile Communications AB at any time and without notice. Such changes will, however, be incorporated into new editions of this manual.
  • Page 3 EN/LZT1083982 R4 3 (87) 2000-12-07...

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    Innehåll sida Introduction About this User Guide 1.1.1 Typographic conventions About the HM220d ADSL modem Package contents Placement of the modem 1.4.1 Wall mounting instructions Filter installation Installation using Ethernet (for Windows 95 or higher PCs) System requirements Connecting equipment...
  • Page 5 6.3.5 Access restricted 6.3.6 Power cycle Technical reference Factory default configuration Specification of the HM220d ADSL modem Trouble shooting Configuring your PC when not using DHCP Reset the modem to factory default configuration Important information Product care and maintenance Licence agreement 9.2.1...
  • Page 6 9.3.3 CE Requirement 9.3.4 Glossary 6 (87) EN/LZT1083982 R4 2000-12-07...

  • Page 7: Introduction

    Introduction Introduction About this User Guide This User Guide describes how to connect, install and configure the HM220d ADSL modem in a PC/Windows environment. The guide also gives information on how the modem operates and some technical and safety information.

  • Page 8: Package Contents

    Ethernet cable USB cable Quick Guide CD-ROM containing the printable User Guide and other utilities. Placement of the modem The HM220d ADSL modem can be mounted to the wall, or simply placed on a flat surface. 8 (87) EN/LZT1083982 R4 2000-12-07...

  • Page 9: Wall Mounting Instructions

    1/4" from the wall surface to the bottom of the screw head. Slip the HM220d ADSL modem slots over the screw heads and pull down until the unit is seated securely. A slight adjustment to the screws may be necessary to provide a snug fit to the wall.

  • Page 10: Installation Using Ethernet (For Windows 95 Or Higher Pcs)

    HM220d ADSL modem. System requirements To successfully connect and install the HM220d ADSL modem to the Ethernet connection you will need the following: An ADSL-ready telephone line 133 MHz Processor and 16 MB RAM.

  • Page 11: Connecting Equipment

    Installation using Ethernet (for Windows 95 or higher PCs) Connecting equipment To connect your HM220d ADSL modem via the Ethernet interface, follow these steps: Connect one end of the Telephone/ADSL cable to the modem's ADSL port and the other end to the ADSL service port (wall jack or splitter/filter).

  • Page 12: Configuring The Pc

    Installation using Ethernet (for Windows 95 or higher PCs) Configuring the PC To be able to access the modem's built in web pages, the IP address for the PC must be on the same IP net as the modem. A recommended way is to configure the PC as a DHCP client and use the DHCP server in the modem to get a correct IP address.
  • Page 13 Installation using Ethernet (for Windows 95 or higher PCs) By following the next steps you can verify that your PC now has got a new IP address from the modem's DHCP server. Check IP configuration: From the Start menu select Run..Type winipcfg and click OK.

  • Page 14: Installation Using Usb (For Windows 98 Pcs)

    Network Interface Card is not required, but a specific USB driver must be installed on the computer. The USB drivers required for the HM220d ADSL modem is provided on the CD-ROM, and is installed during the installation phase. This driver facilitates communication between the modem and the computer.

  • Page 15: Connecting Equipment

    Installation using USB (for Windows 98 PCs) Connecting equipment To connect your HM220d ADSL modem via the USB interface, follow these steps: Connect one end of the Telephone/ADSL cable to the modem's ADSL port and the other end to the ADSL service port (wall jack or splitter/filter).

  • Page 16: Installing Usb Drivers

    Installation using USB (for Windows 98 PCs) Installing USB drivers Two USB drivers will be installed in two successive steps; one for USB and one for the Ethernet emulation of USB. Follow these steps to install the USB drivers: Once the cables are connected, the "New hardware found" dialog is shown for a few seconds and then the Add New Hardware Wizard appears: Click the Next>...
  • Page 17 Installation using USB (for Windows 98 PCs) Select "CD-ROM drive" and make sure that the provided CD-ROM is in your PCs CD-ROM drive. Click the Next> button. Windows now locates the appropriate files and shows the path. Click the Next> button and the software installation will start.
  • Page 18 The "New hardware found" dialog is now shown for a few seconds and then the Add New Hardware Wizard starts searching once again for the new driver for "Ericsson HM220d Virtual NIC": Click the Next> button. The following dialog appears:...
  • Page 19 Installation using USB (for Windows 98 PCs) 10 Select "Search for the best driver for your device" and click the Next> button. 11 Select "CD-ROM drive" and make sure that the provided CD-ROM is in your PCs CD-ROM drive. Click the Next> button. 12 Windows now locates the appropriate files and shows the path: EN/LZT1083982 R4 19 (87)
  • Page 20 Installation using USB (for Windows 98 PCs) 13 Click the Next> button and the software installation will start. Note: At this point there may be a need for you to insert the Windows installation CD. This CD was included in the original package of your PC and you used it to set up your system.
  • Page 21 Installation using USB (for Windows 98 PCs) When the driver installation has been done and the Power, USB and ADSL LEDs have turned solid yellow, the modem is ready for operation. Figur 16: LED symbols for Power, USB and ADSL EN/LZT1083982 R4 21 (87) 2000-12-07...

  • Page 22: Configuring The Pc

    Double click on the Network icon and the "Network" dialog box appears: Figur 17: Network dialog box Select the TCP/IP protocol togheter with Ericsson HM220d Virtual NIC driver according to the above example. Click the Properties button and the "TCP/IP Properties" dialog box will appear.
  • Page 23 Installation using USB (for Windows 98 PCs) By following the next steps you can verify that your PC now has got a new IP address from the modem's DHCP server. Check IP configuration: From the Start menu select Run..Type winipcfg and click OK.

  • Page 24: Installation Using Usb (For Windows 2000 Pcs)

    Network Interface Card is not required, but a specific USB driver must be installed on the computer. The USB driver required for the HM220d ADSL modem is provided on the CD-ROM, and is installed during the installation phase. This driver facilitates communication between the modem and the computer.

  • Page 25: Connecting Equipment

    Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) Connecting equipment To connect your HM220d ADSL modem via the USB interface, follow these steps: Connect one end of the Telephone/ADSL cable to the modem's ADSL port and the other end to the ADSL service port (wall jack or splitter/filter).

  • Page 26: Installing Usb Drivers

    Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) Installing USB drivers Two USB drivers will be installed in two successive steps; one for USB and one for the Ethernet emulation of USB. Follow these steps to install the USB drivers: Once the cables are connected, the "Found new hardware" dialog is shown for a few seconds and then the Found New Hardware Wizard appears: Click the Next>...
  • Page 27 Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) Select "CD-ROM drive" and make sure that the provided CD-ROM is in your PCs CD-ROM drive. Click the Next> button. Windows now locates the appropriate files and shows the path. Click the Next> button and the software installation will start.
  • Page 28 Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) Click the Finish button. Windows 2000 will now continue to the next phase of the installation. The "Found new hardware" dialog is now shown for a few seconds and then the Found New Hardware Wizard starts once again: Click the Next>...
  • Page 29 Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) 10 Select "Search for a suitable driver for my device" and click the Next> button. 11 Select "CD-ROM drive" and make sure that the provided CD-ROM is in your PCs CD-ROM drive. Click the Next> button. 12 Windows now locates the appropriate files and shows the path: EN/LZT1083982 R4 29 (87)
  • Page 30 Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) 13 Click the Next> button and the following dialog appears: 14 Click the Yes button to start the installation. When the installation is finished the installation complete message is shown: 30 (87) EN/LZT1083982 R4 2000-12-07...
  • Page 31 Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) 15 Click the Finish button. When the driver installation has been done and the Power, USB and ADSL LEDs have turned solid yellow, the modem is ready for operation. Figur 31: LED symbols for Power, USB and ADSL EN/LZT1083982 R4 31 (87) 2000-12-07...

  • Page 32: Configuring The Pc

    Double click on the Network and Dial-up Connections. A new view appears including icons for Local Area Connections. Double click on the Local Area Connection icon for the Ericsson HM220d Virtual NIC driver. If you have several icons be sure you choose the right one. The "Local Area Connection Status"...
  • Page 33 Installation using USB (for Windows 2000 PCs) You are now back in the "Local Area Connection Properties" dialog box. Click OK. Click Close in the "Local Area Connection Status" dialog box and close the Network and Dial-up Connections window. By following the next steps you can verify that your PC now has got a new IP address from the modem's DHCP server.

  • Page 34: Configuring The Modem

    Configuring the modem Configuring the modem The configuration of the HM220d ADSL modem is done either by using the Configuration Wizard or a flat structure. The Configuration Wizard is available in five languages: English, Français, Deutsch, Español and Português. Everything is done by using a web browser (Internet Explorer 4.01 or higher / Netscape Navigator 4.5 or higher)
  • Page 35 Configuring the modem This is the opening page of the HM220d ADSL modem's local web pages. Click on the Wizard button, in the left column, to start the Configuration Wizard (available in five languages) which walks you through the configuration process step by step (recommended the first time).
  • Page 36 Configuring the modem Next - brings up the next page of the wizard Cancel - closes the wizard and no settings will be saved. Note: If you have received any documentation from your ISP/service provider, please have this at hand when carrying out the configuration process.
  • Page 37 Configuring the modem Manual configuration should be used if auto configuration strings have not been provided, which means that the configuration is done more or less manually. In this mode you have to enter, or change, some more settings. Select the appropriate configuration mode and then click Next. The Auto configuration is described in the next section and the Manual configuration in section 5.3 - Manual configuration.

  • Page 38: Auto Configuration

    Configuring the modem Auto configuration Figur 37: Configuration wizard - Enter the auto configuration strings When using the Auto configuration mode you must have been provided with auto configuration strings (one A and one B string) by your ISP/service provider. The following pictures will guide you through the wizard and explain the settings.
  • Page 39 Configuring the modem Enter account information Note: This page might not be shown depending on which operating mode your service provider is using. Figur 38: Configuration wizard - Enter account information The Point-to-Point protocol (PPP) is used by the modem to establish connections over the ADSL ATM network and when a connection is made your account is identified by your User name and Password.
  • Page 40 Configuring the modem Finishing the modem setup Figur 39: Configuration wizard - Finishing the modem setup This is the last page in the wizard and it includes all your settings. Review the list and: click the Back button to make any changes on previous pages click the Finish button to confirm all settings click the Cancel button to close the Configuration Wizard without saving any settings.
  • Page 41 Configuring the modem Status message Figur 40: Configuration wizard - Status message Click the Reboot button. The wizard will now close and the modem is rebooting. This will take approximately one minute. When the Power, Ethernet or USB (depending on which connection is used), and ADSL LEDs have turned solid yellow, the modem is ready for operation.

  • Page 42: Manual Configuration

    ADSL modems operate in one of several modes determined by the DSLAM (equipment at the ISP side of the ADSL line), central office setup and also by the service offered. The HM220d ADSL modem can be configured to operate in three different modes: Routed/PPPoA (default), Routed/RFC1483 or Bridged/RFC1483. Which one you need to use depends on the configuration specified by your ISP/service provider.
  • Page 43 Configuring the modem If you have chosen the Routed/PPPoA mode, continue reading the next section. For Routed/RFC1483 mode, go on to section 5.3.2 and for Bridged/RFC183 mode, go on to section 5.3.3. EN/LZT1083982 R4 43 (87) 2000-12-07...

  • Page 44: Routed/Pppoa Mode

    Configuring the modem 5.3.1 Routed/PPPoA mode Figur 42: Configuration wizard - Routed/PPPoA mode Set up the modem in Routed/PPPoA mode For the Routed/PPPoA mode, information on VP/VC identifiers and some local network information has to be set. Refer to your ISP/service provider documentation when entering values or changing default settings.
  • Page 45 Configuring the modem Enable DHCP server The modem provides a user-configurable Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which means that the modem will operate as a DHCP server and dynamically assign IP addresses to LAN nodes. The DHCP server supports DHCP client hosts on the LAN side only and will ignore all DHCP requests which arrive from the WAN interface.
  • Page 46 Configuring the modem Starting IP address and Ending IP address Change the default values if they are not suitable for your LAN. Note: The "Modem IP address" MUST NOT be within the specified range, but MUST be on the same IP sub network. DNS of your ISP The IP address of the Domain Name System (DNS) should be provided by your ISP/service provider.
  • Page 47 Configuring the modem Note: You have to enter your User name and Password exactly as provided, i.e. distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters. Click on Next. Alter the customized settings Note: This page is only shown if you ticked the "Make customized settings?"...
  • Page 48 Configuring the modem Finishing the modem setup Figur 46: Configuration wizard - Finishing the modem setup This is the last page in the wizard and it includes all your settings. Review the list and: click the Back button to make any changes to previous pages click the Finish button to confirm all settings click the Cancel button to close the Configuration Wizard without saving any settings.
  • Page 49 Configuring the modem Status message Figur 47: Configuration wizard - Status message Click the Reboot button. The wizard will now close and the modem is rebooting. This will take approximately one minute. When the Power, Ethernet or USB (depending on which connection is used), and ADSL LEDs have turned solid yellow, the modem is ready for operation.

  • Page 50: Routed/Rfc1483 Mode

    Configuring the modem 5.3.2 Routed/RFC1483 mode Figur 48: Configuration wizard - Routed/RFC1483 mode Set up the modem in Routed/RFC1483 mode For the Routed/RFC1483 mode, information on VP/VC identifiers and some local network information has to be set. Refer to your ISP/service provider documentation when entering values or changing default settings.
  • Page 51 Configuring the modem Enable NAT The modem also supports Network Address Translation (NAT) which translates IP addresses from private internal addresses to globally unique external addresses. NAT should be enabled for most users. For users who have a public IP address, NAT may be disabled.
  • Page 52 Configuring the modem The DHCP server supplies IP addresses on your local network. You have to supply a range of numbers that the modem can hand out to your computer. Starting IP address and Ending IP address Change the default values if they are not suitable for your LAN. Note: The "Modem IP address"...
  • Page 53 Configuring the modem System name, Location and Contact person The system information are for identifying your modem, when accessing it remotely, e.g. with support from your ISP/service provider. Enter your identifying parameters and click on Next. Finishing the modem setup Figur 51: Configuration wizard - Finishing the modem setup This is the last page in the wizard and it includes all your settings.
  • Page 54 Configuring the modem Note: This will take a while, but just wait until the "Status message" appears. If anything is incorrect you will be notified by the following status message: "The parameters could not be altered according to your changes. Check the settings and consult the documentation for help".

  • Page 55: Bridged/Rfc1483 Mode

    Configuring the modem 5.3.3 Bridged/RFC1483 mode Figur 53: Configuration wizard - Bridged/RFC1483 mode Set up the modem in Bridged/RFC1483 mode For the Bridged/RFC1483 mode there are a minimum of settings that have to be set. VP and VC identifiers Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is the technology used for data transmission. The data is transmitted over virtual channels that are designated by specific unique identifiers (virtual channel identifiers or VCIs).
  • Page 56 Configuring the modem Alter the customized settings Note: This page is only shown if you ticked the "Make customized settings?" checkbox on a previous page in the wizard. Figur 54: Configuration wizard - Alter the customized settings System name, Location and Contact person The system information are for identifying your modem, when accessing it remotely, e.g.
  • Page 57 Configuring the modem Finishing the modem setup Figur 55: Configuration wizard - Finishing the modem setup This is the last page in the wizard and it includes all your settings. Review the list and: click the Back button to make any changes to previous pages click the Finish button to confirm all settings click the Cancel button to close the Configuration Wizard without saving any settings.

  • Page 58: Change Configuration

    IP address of the modem http://192.168.254.254 in the "Location" or "Address" area where you enter web page addresses. Figur 57: Enter the IP address of the modem The HM220d ADSL modem's "Welcome" page appears. 58 (87) EN/LZT1083982 R4 2000-12-07...
  • Page 59 Configuring the modem Note: If you have changed the default IP address of the modem, you have to enter the new IP address to access the modem's web pages. To change your modem configuration, you can either use the Configuration Wizard (click the Wizard button) or select the Advanced Settings button.

  • Page 60: Advanced Settings

    Configuring the modem Advanced settings Instead of going through the Configuration Wizard, you have the option to view all the parameters that can be changed in one view. From the modem's Welcome page, click the Advanced Settings button to bring up this view: Figur 58: Advanced settings This view includes two new buttons - Save and Cancel.

  • Page 61: Routed

    ADSL modems operate in one of serveral modes determined by the DSLAM (equipment at the ISP side of the ADSL line), central office setup and also by service offered. The HM220d ADSL modem can be configured to operate in three different "Operating modes": Routed/PPPoA (default), Routed/RFC1483 or Bridged/RFC1483. Which one you need to use depends on the configuration specified by your ISP/service provider.

  • Page 62: Dhcp

    Configuring the modem The modem also supports Network Address Translation (NAT) which translates IP addresses from private internal addresses to globally unique external addresses. NAT should be enabled for most users. For users who have a public IP address, NAT may be disabled.

  • Page 63: Bridged

    Management The OAM, Operation and Maintenance capability in the ADSL modem provides Performance and Fault management for the ATM network connections. The HM220d ADSL modem provides support for OAM Loopback cells, Fault Management and Continuous continuity monitoring. The OAM support is provided both on Virtual Paths (OAM F4 Table) and Virtual Channels (OAM F5 Table).

  • Page 64: Product Information

    Product Information From the modem's Welcome page, click the Product Info button to get the following view: Figur 59: Product information This page contains information on your HM220d modem and the ADSL site at the ISP. 64 (87) EN/LZT1083982 R4 2000-12-07...

  • Page 65: Status

    The parameters shown and the different interface views are updated every 10th second. Update the software Ericsson will keep you updated with the latest technology, and let you download the latest software update. EN/LZT1083982 R4...

  • Page 66: Operation

    LEDs, which indicate the current operating state and provide useful diagnostic information. Modem LED indicator description Looking at the top of the HM220d ADSL modem, you will see five light-emitting diodes (LEDs) along the left side of the unit. Figur 61: LEDs on HM220d ADSL modem These LEDs indicate the current state of the modem and provide useful diagnostic information.

  • Page 67: Pipelock

    PipeLock The PipeLock LED indicates whether or not the PipeLock feature is currently activated. Tabell 2: Description of LEDs on HM220d ADSL modem PipeLock Ericsson's unique PipeLock technology enables you to suspend communication between the modem and your computer with the touch of a button. This provides added security when the modem is not in use.

  • Page 68: Operational States

    Operational states As the HM220d ADSL modem is powered up and goes through its startup and operation phases, there are a number of different operational states that it may pass through. Each of these states and its associated LEDs are described in the following sections.

  • Page 69: Operational

    Operation 6.3.3 Operational The Operational state is entered when the HM220d ADSL modem completes the initialization process and is ready to begin sending and receiving data. This is the normal state of operation for the modem. During this state, the ADSL and USB/Ethernet LEDs are normally ON, flashing when there is activity on the respective link.

  • Page 70: Technical Reference

    Technical reference Technical reference Factory default configuration The table below shows the default settings of your modem. Configurable item Default settings Operating mode Routed/PPPoA Ethernet interface IP address: 192.168.254.254 Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0 VP/VC identifiers None (operator specific) Encapsulation type VC Mux Password handling CHAP DHCP server...

  • Page 71: Specification Of The Hm220D Adsl Modem

    Technical reference Specification of the HM220d ADSL modem Description Dimensions Height: 47 mm Width: 168 mm Depth: 205 mm Environment (climat) Normal operating range: Temperature ±0 to +40 C. Humidity 5 to 90% RH Transport: Temperature -40 to +70 C. Humidity 5 to 100% RH.

  • Page 72: Trouble Shooting

    Trouble shooting Trouble shooting Configuring your PC when not using DHCP When accessing the modem's built-in web pages and the Configuration wizard, your computer should be configured to use DHCP as described in previous sections. If your settings, according to information from your ISP/service provider, does not include the use of DHCP you have to reconfigure your PC again before you can access the modem.
  • Page 73 Double click on the Network and Dial-up Connections. A new view appears including icons for Local Area Connections. Double click the Local Area Connection icon for the Ericsson HM220d Virtual NIC driver. If you have several icons be sure you choose the right one. The "Local Area Connection Status"...

  • Page 74: Reset The Modem To Factory Default Configuration

    Dial-up Connections windows. Reset the modem to factory default configuration Failure to access your HM220d ADSL modem may occur if wrongly configured or simply by forgetting the preconfigured IP address. You may end up in a situation where restoring all of the original default is the only solution.

  • Page 75: Important Information

    The product does not contain consumer serviceable components. Service should only be performed by Certified Service Centres. Do not use any other accessories than Ericsson originals. Failure to do so may result in loss of performance, damage to the product, fire, electric shock or injury, and will void the warranty.

  • Page 76: Licence

    Software. You may: (a) use the enclosed Software on a single Ericsson product; (b) make copies of the Software solely for purposes of backup. The copyright notice must be reproduced and included on a label on any backup copy.

  • Page 77: Intended Use

    Sweden. Regulatory information 9.3.1 Safety Standards The HM220d ADSL high speed modem is cULus approved according to UL 1950. 9.3.2 Power Supply The HM220d ADSL high speed modem is equipped with an external power supply adapter of 120 VAC/60 Hz converting to 12 VDC/1A unregulated output voltage.
  • Page 78 Increase the separation between the HM220d ADSL modem and the affected equipment. Connect the HM220d ADSL modem power supply to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the affected equipment is connected. Consult your service provider or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
  • Page 79 Important information 9.3.4.1.2 FCC Part 68 The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has established Rules which permit this device to be directly connected to the telephone network. Standardized jacks are used for these connections. This equipment should not be used on party lines or coin phones. If this device is malfunctioning, it may also be causing harm to the telephone network;...
  • Page 80 Glossary Glossary ADSL Short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line, a new technology that allows more data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines (POTS). ADSL supports data rates of from 1.5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data (known as the upstream rate).
  • Page 81 Glossary Default A value or setting that a device or program automatically selects if you do not specify a substitute. Device Any machine or component that attaches to a computer. Examples of devices include disk drives, printers, mice and modems. DHCP Short for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, a protocol for assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network.
  • Page 82 Glossary not between switching stations. xDSL is similar to ISDN in as much as both operate over existing copper telephone lines (POTS) and both require the short runs to a central telephone office. However, xDSL offers much higher speeds. DTAG One of two ADSL modes that the HM220di ADSL modem can operate in.
  • Page 83 Glossary Abbreviation of Internet Protocol, pronounced as two separate letters. IP specifies the format of packets, also called datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transport Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source. IP by itself is something like the postal system.
  • Page 84 You should be able to plug in a device and play with it, without worrying about configuration elements. PipeLock A security feature of the HM220d ADSL modem that temporarily blocks communication between the computer and the service provider. 84 (87)
  • Page 85 Glossary POTS Short for Plain Old Telephone Service, which refers to the standard telephone service that most homes use. In contrast, telephone services based on high-speed, digital communications lines, such as ISDN, are not POTS. The main differences between POTS and non-POTS services are speed and bandwidth.
  • Page 86 Glossary 10Base-T One of several adaptations of the Ethernet standard for Local Area Networks (LANs). The 10Base-T standard (also called Twisted Pair Ethernet) uses a twisted-pair cable with maximum lengths of 100 metres. Cables in the 10Base-T system connect with RJ-45 connectors.
  • Page 87 Glossary Short for Virtual Private Network, a network that is constructed by using public wires to connect nodes. For example, there are a number of systems that enable you to create networks using the Internet as the medium for transporting data. These systems use encryption and other security mechanisms to ensure that only authorized users can access the network and that the data cannot be intercepted.

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