R&S FSH4 Operating Manual
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R&S FSH4 Operating Manual

R&S FSH4 Operating Manual

Handheld spectrum analyzer
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R&S
FSH4/8
®
Handheld Spectrum Analyzer
Operating Manual
1309.6275.12 – 08

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  • Page 1 R&S FSH4/8 ® Handheld Spectrum Analyzer Operating Manual 1309.6275.12 – 08...
  • Page 2 ® The Operating Manual describes the following R&S FSH models and options R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.04) R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.14) R&S FSH4 (1309.6000.24) R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.08) R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.18) R&S FSH8 (1309.6000.28) R&S FSH-K14 (1304.5770.02) R&S FSH-K41 (1304.5612.02) R&S FSH-K42 (1309.5629.02) R&S FSH-K44 (1309.5658.02) R&S FSH-K45 (1309.5641.02)
  • Page 3 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Basic Safety Instructions Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions! All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety.
  • Page 4 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety, for example, that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation.
  • Page 5 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions 2. Do not place the product on heat-generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters. The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet. Product overheating can cause electric shock, fire and/or serious personal injury or death.
  • Page 6 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions 10. For permanently installed equipment without built-in fuses, circuit breakers or similar protective devices, the supply circuit must be fused in such a way that anyone who has access to the product, as well as the product itself, is adequately protected from injury or damage.
  • Page 7 R&S FSH Basic Safety Instructions 6. Should a fire occur, the product may release hazardous substances (gases, fluids, etc.) that can cause health problems. Therefore, suitable measures must be taken, e.g. protective masks and protective clothing must be worn. Repair and service 1.
  • Page 8 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 8. Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste. Rechargeable batteries and normal batteries that contain lead, mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste. Observe the national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling. Transport 1.
  • Page 9 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Además queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida. Este producto está destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o, si ha sido expresamente autorizado, para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deberá...
  • Page 10 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Palabras de señal y su significado PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que provocará muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita. ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de provocar muerte o lesiones (graves) si no se evita. ATENCIÓN identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar lesiones leves o moderadas si no se evita.
  • Page 11 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Seguridad eléctrica Si no se siguen (o se siguen de modo insuficiente) las indicaciones del fabricante en cuanto a seguridad eléctrica, pueden producirse choques eléctricos, incendios y/o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte. 1.
  • Page 12 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 11. Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensión (debida p. ej. a una caída del rayo) mediante los correspondientes sistemas de protección. Si no, el personal que lo utilice quedará expuesto al peligro de choque eléctrico. 12.
  • Page 13 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad Reparación y mantenimiento 1. El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorización para ello. Antes de manipular el producto o abrirlo, es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensión de alimentación, para evitar toda posibilidad de choque eléctrico.
  • Page 14 R&S FSH Informaciones Elementales de Seguridad 8. Las baterías y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura doméstica. Las baterías o acumuladores que contienen plomo, mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales. Respete en esta relación las normas nacionales de eliminación y reciclaje.
  • Page 15 Sicherheitshinweise Kundeninformation zur Batterieverordnung (BattV) Dieses Gerät enthält eine schadstoffhaltige Batterie. Diese darf nicht mit dem Hausmüll entsorgt werden. Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur über eine Rohde&Schwarz-Kundendienststelle oder eine geeig- nete Sammelstelle erfolgen. Safety Regulations for Batteries (according to BattV) This equipment houses a battery containing harmful sub- stances that must not be disposed of as normal household...
  • Page 16 Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment (ElektroG) Act is an implementation of the following EC directives: • 2002/96/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and • 2002/95/EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in e lectrical and electronic equipment (RoHS).
  • Page 17 Qualitätszertifikat Certified Quality System ISO 9001 Certificate of quality Certified Environmental System Certificat de qualité ISO 14001 Sehr geehrter Kunde, Dear Customer, Cher client, Sie haben sich für den Kauf eines You have decided to buy a Vous avez choisi d’acheter un pro- Rohde &...
  • Page 18 Certificate No.: 2008-45 This is to certify that: Equipment type Stock No. Designation FSH4 1309.6000.04/.14/.24 Handheld Spectrum Analyzer FSH8 1309.6000.08/.18/.28 complies with the provisions of the Directive of the Council of the European Union on the approximation of the laws of the Member States...

  • Page 19: Table Of Contents

    R&S FSH Contents Contents Safety Instructions Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal Safety Regulations for Batteries Certificate of Quality EC-Certificate of Conformity Support Center Address 1 Putting into Operation ................... 1 2 Getting Started ....................... 2 3 Operation ........................ 3 Screen Layout..........................3 3.1.1 Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers ...........3 3.1.2 Screen layout when the marker mode is selected ..............3 Entering Measurement Parameters..................4...
  • Page 20 Contents R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters..................27 4.5.1 Setting the Reference Level ......................29 4.5.2 Entering the Display Range.......................29 4.5.3 Entering the Display Unit ......................30 4.5.4 Entering the Reference Offset....................30 4.5.5 Entering of the RF-Attenuation....................30 4.5.6 Switching the RF Preamplifier on/off ..................31 4.5.7 Entering the Input Impedance ....................31 4.5.8 Selecting a Transducer Factor ....................31 Setting the Bandwidths ......................33...
  • Page 21 R&S FSH Contents 4.12.6 Measuring the Harmonic Distortion...................76 4.12.7 Measuring the AM Modulation Depth ..................78 4.12.8 Working with the Spectrogram Result Display................80 4.13 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator ............88 4.13.1 Scalar Measurements .......................90 4.13.2 Vector Measurement.........................91 4.13.3 Measuring the Transmission of Two-Port DUTs ...............94 4.13.4 Measuring the Reflection......................99 4.13.5 Performing Measurements in Dual Trace Mode ..............107 4.13.6 Working with Channel Tables in Network Analyzer Mode ............109...
  • Page 22 Contents R&S FSH 4.21 Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals ...................152 4.21.1 Reading the Result Summary ....................152 4.21.2 Spectrum Overview .........................156 4.22 Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results ......157 4.22.1 Saving Results ........................157 4.22.2 Entering a Data Set Name ......................158 4.22.3 Loading Measurement Results ....................158 4.22.4 Quick Recall of Instrument Settings ..................159 4.22.5 Deleting Data Sets ........................160...

  • Page 23: Putting Into Operation

    R&S FSH Putting into Operation 1 Putting into Operation For details refer to the Quick Start Guide, chapter 2 "Putting into Operation". 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 24: Getting Started

    Getting Started R&S FSH 2 Getting Started For details refer to the Quick Start Guide, chapter 3 "Getting Started". 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 25: Operation

    R&S FSH Screen Layout 3 Operation Screen Layout 3.1.1 Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers Instrument Mode Reference Level RF Attenuation Resolution Bandwidth Video Bandwidth Sweep Time Trigger Mode Trace Mode Detector Level Axis Labeling Invalid Trace Indicator Grid Trace Input Field X-axis Labeling...

  • Page 26: Entering Measurement Parameters

    Entering Measurement Parameters R&S FSH The color of the softkey labelling and its background indicate the status of the softkey function in question: Softkey color Meaning Gray background, white labeling Softkey function is turned off Gray background, gray labeling In the current setting, this softkey function is not available Green background Softkey function is turned on Red background...

  • Page 27: Entering Units

    R&S FSH Entering Measurement Parameters You can delete any letter or digit you have entered with the BACK key. Pressing the BACK key deletes the last keystroke that has been entered. Complete entries can be removed with the CANCEL key. Values can also be entered with the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

  • Page 28: Menu Overview

    Menu Overview R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.1 Softkeys available for all measurement modes 3.3.1.1 User settings 3.3.1.2 File management 3.3.1.3 Table Management 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 29 R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.1.4 General settings 3.3.1.5 Selection of the measurement mode 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 30: Softkeys Of The Spectrum Analyzer Mode

    Menu Overview R&S FSH 3.3.2 Softkeys of the spectrum analyzer mode 3.3.2.1 Frequency entry 3.3.2.2 Frequency span 3.3.2.3 Level settings 3.3.2.4 Bandwidth settings 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 31 R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.2.5 Sweep 3.3.2.6 Trace settings 3.3.2.7 Limit lines 3.3.2.8 Measurement functions 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 32 Menu Overview R&S FSH Channel power Occupied Bandwidth TDMA Power 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 33 R&S FSH Menu Overview ACP / ACLR Spectrum Emission Mask Harmonic Distortion AM Modulation Depth 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 34 Menu Overview R&S FSH Spectrogram Spectrogram Playback Mode 3.3.2.9 Marker 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 35 R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.2.10 Marker position 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 36: Softkeys Of The Network Analyzer Mode

    Menu Overview R&S FSH 3.3.3 Softkeys of the network analyzer mode 3.3.3.1 Frequency entry 3.3.3.2 Frequency span 3.3.3.3 Level settings 3.3.3.4 Bandwidth settings 3.3.3.5 Sweep 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 37 R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.3.6 Trace settings 3.3.3.7 Measurement functions 3.3.3.8 Marker 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 38 Menu Overview R&S FSH 3.3.3.9 Marker position 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 39: Softkeys Of The Dig Mod Analyzer

    R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.4 Softkeys of the Dig Mod Analyzer 3.3.4.1 Frequency Entry 3.3.4.2 Level Settings 3.3.4.3 Sweep 3.3.4.4 Measurement Function (3GPP WCDMA BTS) 3.3.4.5 Measurement Function (CDMA2000 BTS) 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 40 Menu Overview R&S FSH 3.3.4.6 Measurement Function (1xEV-DO BTS) 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 41: Softkeys Of The Distance To Fault Mode

    R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.5 Softkeys of the Distance to Fault mode 3.3.5.1 Frequency entry 3.3.5.2 Frequency span DTF Span Reflection and Spectrum Span 3.3.5.3 Level settings 3.3.5.4 Bandwidth settings 3.3.5.5 Sweep 1309.6275.12...
  • Page 42 Menu Overview R&S FSH 3.3.5.6 Trace settings 3.3.5.7 Measurement functions 3.3.5.8 Marker 3.3.5.9 Marker position 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 43: Softkeys Of The Power Meter Mode

    R&S FSH Menu Overview 3.3.6 Softkeys of the Power Meter mode 3.3.6.1 Frequency entry 3.3.6.2 Level settings 3.3.6.3 Sweep 3.3.6.4 Measurement functions Power Meter Mode: Directional Power Meter Mode: 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 44: Instrument Functions

    Instrument Default Setup R&S FSH 4 Instrument Functions Instrument Default Setup Pressing the PRESET key, sets the R&S FSH to its default setup. It is best to to preset the R&S FSH when you are going to perform a new measurement task. You can then make the new settings on the basis of the more familiar default setup without the old settings affecting the measurement.

  • Page 45: Setting The Frequency

    R&S FSH Setting the Frequency Saving the measurement setup: Press the USER PREFERENCE softkey. Select the file format of the screenshot. You can choose the *.png (default) or *.jpg file format. Press the key. The R&S FSH stores a screenshot in the internal flash memory.

  • Page 46: Setting A Frequency Offset

    Setting the Frequency R&S FSH 4.3.2 Setting a Frequency Offset For measurements on frequency converters such as satellite downconverters, it is often convenient to reference the results to the frequency prior to conversion. For this purpose, the R&S FSH offers a frequency offset that arithmetically shifts the center frequency to higher or lower frequencies;...

  • Page 47: Entering The Start And Stop Frequency

    R&S FSH Setting the Frequency 4.3.4 Entering the Start and Stop Frequency Press the START FREQ softkey. The value entry box for the start frequency opens. The box displays the current frequency. Define the start frequency with the number keys, rotary knob or cursor keys. Confirm the entry with the ENTER key or one of the unit keys if you have entered the frequency with the number keys.
  • Page 48 Setting the Frequency R&S FSH The R&S FSH opens a dialog box that shows all available channel tables that have been loaded into the R&S FSH with R&S FSH4View. Select the channel table you need with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. If necessary, you can sort the available channel tables by name, date or size using the SORT/SHOW softkey.

  • Page 49: Setting The Span

    Press the FULL SPAN key. The R&S FSH displays the spectrum over the full span which extends to 3.6 GHz (R&S FSH4) or to 8 GHz (R&S FSH8). (CENTER = 1.8 GHz, SPAN = 3.6 GHz / CENTER = 4 GHz, SPAN = 8 GHz).
  • Page 50 Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH The R&S FSH has two different modes for the attenuation setting. You can select the modes with the RF ATT / AMP / IMP softkey. In Auto Low Distortion mode, the R&S FSH sets the RF attenuation 10 dB higher in line with the table, making the stress of the input mixer 10 dB less at the specified reference level.

  • Page 51: Setting The Reference Level

    R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters matching pads such as the R&S RAM or R&S FSH-Z38 can be taken into account by using a transducer factor (included with the R&S FSH4View control software). 4.5.1 Setting the Reference Level Press the AMPT key. The R&S FSH opens the amplitude menu.

  • Page 52: Entering The Display Unit

    Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH 4.5.3 Entering the Display Unit Press the AMPT key. Press the UNIT softkey. A submenu opens. The various unit options for the reference level are displayed. Select the unit you want with the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

  • Page 53: Switching The Rf Preamplifier On/Off

    R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters 4.5.6 Switching the RF Preamplifier on/off To increase the input sensitivity, the R&S FSH has an integrated 20 dB preamplifier upstream of the input mixer. This is switched off in the default state. You can switch it on to measure low power signals. Press the AMPT key.
  • Page 54 Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH Press the AMPT key. Press the TRANSDUCER softkey. The R&S FSH opens a submenu to select the primary and secondary transducer factors. Select the SELECT PRIMARY TRANSDUCER menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key.

  • Page 55: Setting The Bandwidths

    R&S FSH Setting the Bandwidths Setting the Bandwidths A key feature of a spectrum analyzer is that it can display the frequency spectrum of a signal. The resolution bandwidth determines how well a spectrum analyzer can separate adjacent frequencies. Spectrum analyzers usually also have adjustable video bandwidths. The video bandwidth is determined by the cutoff frequency of the lowpass used to filter the video voltage before it is displayed.

  • Page 56: Video Bandwidth

    Setting the Bandwidths R&S FSH Press the CANCEL key to close the entry box. Press the AUTO RES BW softkey. The resolution bandwidth again is coupled to the span. The AUTO RBW softkey label is highlighted in green to show that the coupled mode has been selected. The red dot in front of the RBW display disappears.

  • Page 57: Setting The Sweep

    R&S FSH Setting the Sweep Therefore, the following rules of thumb can be applied to setting the video bandwidth: • If you are performing measurements on modulated signals, the video bandwidth must be sufficiently large so that desired modulation components are not rejected ( RBW). •...

  • Page 58: Sweep Time

    Setting the Sweep R&S FSH The R&S FSH provides automatic sweep time coupling to help users set the sweep time by coupling it to the resolution bandwidth and span that have been set. When automatic coupling (AUTO SWEEP TIME) is selected, it always sets the shortest sweep time possible to ensure that sine signals in the spectrum are displayed correctly.

  • Page 59: Trigger

    R&S FSH Setting the Sweep Press the SWEEP key. By default, continuous sweep mode (CONT SWEEP) is active. Press the SINGLE SWEEP softkey. The SINGLE SWEEP softkey label turns green. The R&S FSH performs a single sweep and waits for further entries. Press the CONT SWEEP softkey.
  • Page 60 Setting the Sweep R&S FSH In zero span mode (span = 0 Hz), you can select any trigger. If the span > 0, the Video and Delay items are not available. Select the setting you want with the rotary knob or the cursor keys Confirm the selectiob with the ENTER key or the TRIGGER softkey.
  • Page 61 R&S FSH Setting the Sweep When the external trigger is active (EXTERNAL RISE or EXTERNAL FALL), it is possible to activate a gated sweep. Press the SWEEP key. Press the TRIGGER softkey. Select EXTERNAL RISE or FALL with the rotary knob or the cursor keys to enable the external trigger.

  • Page 62: Trace Settings

    Trace Settings R&S FSH Trace Settings The R&S FSH provides a measurement trace and two reference traces in memory. 4.8.1 Trace Mode A variety of display modes can be selected for the trace: • CLEAR/WRITE The R&S FSH clears the old trace during a new sweep. This is the default setting. •...

  • Page 63: Detector

    R&S FSH Trace Settings You can perform the following actions: Confirm the displayed number of averagings with the TRACE softkey or the ENTER key. Enter a new value between 2 and 999 with the number keys. Confirm the new number of averagings with the ENTER key.
  • Page 64 Trace Settings R&S FSH However, the bandwidth occupied by the signal to be measured should at least equal the frequency covered by a trace pixel or the selected resolution bandwidth (whichever is larger). Otherwise, the power shown by the R&S FSH is too low because there are spectral components within the frequency range covered by the pixel which do not come from the signal under measurement (e.g.

  • Page 65: Trace Memory

    R&S FSH Trace Settings 4.8.3 Trace Memory The R&S FSH can transfer a trace to the trace memory and also display the current trace and the trace in the trace memory for comparison. The saved trace is always displayed in white to distinguish it from the current trace.

  • Page 66: Using Markers

    Using Markers R&S FSH To remove the memory trace from the screen, press the SHOW softkey again. Select the memory trace marked by an [X] Confirm the selection with the ENTER key. Press the TRACE MATH key and select TRACE – MEM or MEM – TRACE. The R&S FSH displays the difference between the saved trace and the active trace.

  • Page 67: Controlling Markers

    R&S FSH Using Markers 4.9.1 Controlling Markers Controlling a marker Press the MARKER key. The marker menu opens. If, as yet, no marker has been activated, the main marker (MARKER) is turned on automatically and placed on the maximum level of the spectrum. In addition, the value entry box for the marker frequency opens.

  • Page 68: Automatic Marker Positioning

    Using Markers R&S FSH 4.9.2 Automatic Marker Positioning The R&S FSH offers functions that make setting the markers easier or allow to make instrument settings on the basis of the current marker position: • PEAK The Peak function places the marker or the delta marker on the highest level value of the trace. The function acts on the active marker.
  • Page 69 R&S FSH Using Markers Using marker search limits The R&S FSH allows you to use only a limited section of the trace for the PEAK, NEXT PEAK and MINIMUM functions. This is beneficial, for example, if you want to sample only spurious emissions with the marker search functions and want to omit useful signals.

  • Page 70: Using More Than One Marker At A Time (Multimarker Mode)

    Using Markers R&S FSH 4.9.3 Using more than One Marker at a Time (Multimarker Mode) To measure different signals in a trace, the R&S FSH has the multimarker function. Up to six different markers are available. Marker 1 measures in absolute units. Markers 2 to 6 can measure in absolute units (marker) as well as relative units (delta).
  • Page 71 R&S FSH Using Markers Automatic marker positioning Automatic positioning of markers in multimarker mode is similar to that of the normal marker. The different functions always apply to the active marker, which is also indicated for the various functions in the MKR-> menu (example: Selected Marker to Peak).

  • Page 72: Marker Functions

    Using Markers R&S FSH Deactivating markers Markers can be deactivated one at a time or all at once. To deactivate markers one at a time, press the SELECT MARKER softkey repeatedly until the marker or delta marker you want to delete turns red.

  • Page 73: Measuring The Noise Power Density

    R&S FSH Using Markers 4.9.4.1 Measuring the Noise Power Density The NOISE function is used to calculate the noise power density at the marker position. The R&S FSH calculates the noise power density in dBm/(1 Hz) from the trace pixel values, the selected resolution bandwidth, the detector and the level display mode (absolute or relative).
  • Page 74 Using Markers R&S FSH Operating sequence Press the MARKER key. Press the MARKER FUNCTION softkey. Select the FREQUENCY COUNT menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the MARKER FUNCTION softkey. The R&S FSH now displays the counted marker frequency with a resolution of 1 Hz.

  • Page 75: Af Demodulation

    R&S FSH Using Markers 4.9.5 AF Demodulation The R&S FSH has an AM and FM demodulator for audiomonitoring signals. The demodulated AF signal can be listened to with the internal speaker or headphones (optional accessories). The headphones are connected to the 3.5 mm jack on the top side of the instrument. As the R&S FSH makes the uncontrolled video voltage audible in the case of AM demodulation, it is advisable to set the reference level so that the level of the signal to be demodulated is near the reference level.

  • Page 76: Using The Display Line

    Using the Display Line R&S FSH 4.10 Using the Display Line In addition to the markers, the R&S FSH provides a horizontal line for determining the signal level in the display. Press the LINES key. Press the DISPLAY LINE softkey. The R&S FSH displays a horizontal line across the entire diagram.
  • Page 77 R&S FSH Using Limit Lines Operating sequence Press the LINES key. The softkey menu for controlling limit lines opens. The R&S FSH distinguishes between upper limit lines (UPPER LIMIT) and lower limit lines (LOWER LIMIT). In the case of upper limit lines, it checks if the results are above the limit.

  • Page 78: Measurements With Limit Lines

    Using Limit Lines R&S FSH Switching off a limit line Press the LINES key. Press the UPPER LIMIT or LOWER LIMIT softkey. Select the DESELECT LIMIT menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key. Alternatively, you can deactivate all active limit lines at the same time with the LIMITS ON/OFF softkey.

  • Page 79: Performing Measurements

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements 4.12 Performing Measurements If you want to perform complex measurements, the R&S FSH provides measurement functions that perform certain measurement tasks with a minimum of keystrokes or, in conjunction with various accessories, will allow you to perform advanced measurements. These functions are collected under the MEAS key.

  • Page 80: Selecting The Standard

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH Screen layout for channel power measurements: 4.12.1.1 Selecting the Standard The R&S FSH already comes with some predfeined standards that you can use for channel power measurements. However, you can create new configurations to perform measurements on other standards as well.

  • Page 81: Setting The Channel Bandwidth

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements Press the AMPT key. Press the LEVEL ADJUST softkey. The R&S FSH performs a measurement to determine the optimal reference level. It uses a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, a video bandwidth of 1 MHz and the peak detector. After finishing the automatic measurement, the R&S FSH sets the optimal reference level.

  • Page 82: Measuring The Occupied Bandwidth

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH Measurement of maximum channel power: If signal levels fluctuate significantly, you can define the maximum channel power with the Max Hold function. Operation sequence: Press the MEAS key. Press the POWER DISPLAY softkey. Select MAX HOLD with the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

  • Page 83: Selecting A Standard

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements Operation sequence: Press the MEAS key. Press the MEASURE softkey. The R&S FSH opens the measurement menu. Select the OCCUPIED BW menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the MEASURE softkey.
  • Page 84 Performing Measurements R&S FSH You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and load them into the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface. The number of standards the R&S FSH can store in its memory depends on the number of other data sets on the R&S FSH (see "Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement...

  • Page 85: Entering The Power Percent To Determine The Occupied Bandwidth

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements 4.12.2.3 Setting the Channel Bandwidth The channel bandwidth determines the span and therefore the resolution bandwidth and sweep time the R&S FSH uses for measuring the occupied bandwidth. Press the MEAS key. Press the CHAN BW softkey. The Ch.

  • Page 86: Power Measurements On Tdma Signals

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH 4.12.2.5 Changing the Span Usually, the span the R&S FSH sets yields optimal results. But sometimes you also need to see the spectrum outside the current span to detect other signal components that you need to include in the measurement.

  • Page 87: Setting The Burst Length

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements Screen Layout for power measurements on TDMA signals: 4.12.3.1 Selecting a Standard On activating the measurement, the R&S FSH automatically selects the GSM/EDGE standard. All default settings are selected so that power measurements on GSM or EDGE bursts give true readings. You can create and edit standards with the R&S FSH4View software and load them into the R&S FSH via the USB or the LAN interface.

  • Page 88: Power Readout

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH 4.12.3.3 Setting the Reference Level When selecting the reference level, make sure that you do not overload the R&S FSH if the signal's power is stronger than the maximum reference level. Because the R&S FSH’s resolution bandwidths are implemented digitally after the A/D converter, the signal level at the A/D converter can be higher than the level indicated by the trace, depending on the selected resolution bandwidth.

  • Page 89: Measuring The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (Aclr)

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements 4.12.4 Measuring the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) The Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio (ACLR) measurement is a method to measure the power over more than one transmission channel and also evaluate the power of the adjacent (or alternate) channels of the transmission channel.
  • Page 90 Performing Measurements R&S FSH • Setting the Span: The frequency span must at least cover the carriers and the adjacent channels plus a measurement margin of about 10% to get valid results. If the frequency span is too large in comparison to the channel bandwidth (or the adjacent-channel bandwidths) being examined, only a few points on the trace are available per channel.
  • Page 91 R&S FSH Performing Measurements • Selecting the Detector: It is best to use the RMS detector. This detector correctly indicates the power irrespective of the characteristics of the signal to be measured. The whole IF envelope is used to calculate the power for each measurement point.
  • Page 92 Performing Measurements R&S FSH 4.12.4.2 Configuring the Measurement Setting the Number of Channels Press the CHANNEL SETTINGS softkey. Select the TX CHANNELS menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. The entry box to set the number of channels opens.
  • Page 93 R&S FSH Performing Measurements Note that some some radio communication standards, e.g. CDMA2000 DS / MC1 / MC3 and IS95 B / C, IS97 B / C, IS98 B / C, define the channel spacing differently, namely the distance from the center of the transmission channel to the closest border of the adjacent channel.
  • Page 94 Performing Measurements R&S FSH Normalization of Measurement Results By default, the power of the channels and adjacent channels is displayed in the unit dBm. It is also possible to display the power density of the signal to, for example, measure the signal/noise power density or obtain the signal to noise ratio.
  • Page 95 R&S FSH Performing Measurements Defining relative limits Press the CHANNEL SETTINGS softkey. Select the CHANNEL LIMIT RELATIVE menu item Confirm the selection with the ENTER key. The R&S FSH opens a dialog box to define the relative limits for each adjacent channel. Select the input field of an adjacent or alternate channel with the rotary knob or the cursor keys and active the field with the ENTER key.

  • Page 96: Measuring The Spectrum Emission Mask

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH 4.12.5 Measuring the Spectrum Emission Mask The Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM) measurement is a method to detect spurious emissions or intermodulation products of a signal. When performing a SEM measurement, the R&S FSH checks the signal against a spectral mask to see whether the signal is in compliance to a specific standard or not. Therefore, the R&S FSH provides predefined Spectrum Emission Masks for various telecomunications standards.
  • Page 97 R&S FSH Performing Measurements Press the STANDARD softkey. A dialog box with all available standards opens. Select the standard you want with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the STANDARD softkey. The R&S FSH sets the selected standard.

  • Page 98: Measuring The Harmonic Distortion

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH • Range [Hz] Frequency range. The first number is the start frequency, the second number the stop frequency of each defined frequency range. The character following the number indicates the unit (k = kHz, M = MHz, G = GHz) •...
  • Page 99 R&S FSH Performing Measurements Screen layout for determining the Harmonic Distortion Defining the number of harmonics By default, the R&S FSH shows the signal and its first harmonic. Each harmonic is indicated by a marker that the R&S FSH places on the harmonic (here M1 and M2).

  • Page 100: Measuring The Am Modulation Depth

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH Activating the harmonics list To see the exact frequency of the harmonic, you can activate the marker list that shows the value for each marker. Press the MKR key. Press the VIEW LIST softkey. The R&S FSH displays the marker list that contains the values for each harmonic.
  • Page 101 R&S FSH Performing Measurements Screen layout for the AM Modulation Depth measurement Setting a threshold You can set a threshold that defines the minimum power level the signal must have. If the power of the signal is below the threshold, the R&S FSH will not set the markers and therefore will not calculate the modulation depth.

  • Page 102: Working With The Spectrogram Result Display

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH 4.12.8 Working with the Spectrogram Result Display With option R&S FSH-K14, you can view measurement results in a spectrogram on the R&S FSH. The spectrogram result display shows the spectral density of a signal in the frequency domain and over time simultaneously.

  • Page 103: Controlling The Spectrogram Update

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements 4.12.8.1 Controlling the spectrogram update The spectrogram starts running as soon as you enter the spectrogram mode, if you are in continuous sweep mode. If you are in single sweep mode, the R&S FSH does not add a line to the spectrogram until you initiate the next single sweep.

  • Page 104: Configuring The Display

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH Scrolling through the spectrogram Turn the rotary knob or use the UP and DOWN cursor keys whenever you are viewing the spectrogram. The R&S FSH scrolls through the spectrogram history. Note that this is only possible as long as no input field or menu is active. To resume the spectrogram scroll function in this case, Press the CANCEL key Use the rotary knob or the UP and DOWN cursor keys again.
  • Page 105 R&S FSH Performing Measurements By cutting the reference level, you can eliminate amplitudes from the color map that are not part of the signal. Example: By default, the spectrogram reference level is 30 dBm. That means that signal parts with an amplitude of 30 dBm would be yellow in the spectrogram, and signal parts with a very small amplitude would be dark green.

  • Page 106: Recording A Spectrogram

    Performing Measurements R&S FSH Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the SPECTROGRAM SETTINGS softkey. The R&S FSH opens an input field to enter the spectrogram level range. In the example, the level range of the signal is from about -60 dBm to about -100 dBm. Therefore set the level range to 40 dB to get the whole signal.

  • Page 107: Playback Of A Spectrogram

    R&S FSH Performing Measurements The number of spectrograms that you can store on the R&S FSH's internal memory depends on the other datasets that are currently on the R&S FSH. 4.12.8.5 Playback of a Spectrogram If you have recorded a spectrogram and have saved it in internal memory, a memory stick or the SD card, you can view the results of that measurement at a later time.
  • Page 108 Performing Measurements R&S FSH Note that not all frames are visible on the screen. If a frame is part of the history outside the visible area, the time line is also not visible and you have to scroll through the spectrogram to be able to see it again.
  • Page 109 R&S FSH Performing Measurements For more information on marker functionality, see • Using Markers on page 44 Switching back to active spectrogram recording To resume recording of a new spectrogram Press the LIVE UPDATE softkey at any time you are in playback mode. The R&S FSH switches back to performing live measurements.

  • Page 110: Two-Port Measurements With The Tracking Generator

    Two-port transmission can be determined directly by connecting the input of the DUT to the output of the tracking generator and the DUT’s output to the R&S FSH’s RF input. A bridge is required to measure the reflection coefficient, as included in the R&S FSH4 model, catalogue number 1309.6000.24 and the R&S FSH8, catalogue number 1309.6000.28.
  • Page 111 With an integrated VSWR bridge (models R&S FSH4, order number 1309.6000.24 and R&S FSH8, order number 1309.6000.28) the R&S FSH can measure the match at both the input and the output of a DUT and the transmission from input to output and vice versa (2-port capability).

  • Page 112: Scalar Measurements

    4.13.1 Scalar Measurements In devices which are not equipped with a VSWR bridge (Models R&S FSH4, order number 1309.600.14 and R&S FSH8, order number 1309.600.18), the generator output switching option is absent. These devices can therefore measure only the transmission from the tracking generator output (= port 2) to the RF input (= port 1) (TRANSMISSION REVERSE PORT 2 ->...

  • Page 113: Vector Measurement

    4.13.2 Vector Measurement Vector measurements are possible only with an R&S FSH4/8 with tracking generator and integrated VSWR bridge (order number 1309.6000.24 or 1309.6000.28) that is equipped with option R&S FSH-K42 (vector reflection and transmission measurement) and in conjunction with accessories R&S FSH-Z28 or R&S FSH-Z29 (calibration standards).
  • Page 114 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH • Transmission Fwd (Port 1 2) Forward transmission (S21) is calibrated. The calibration routine requires a through connection as well as the connection of the calibration standards open and short to Port 1. The influences of test setup and the isolation between the test ports are thereby determined and taken into account in the subsequent measurement of the device under test.
  • Page 115 R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator For the selection of other measurements, the same applies as for Reflection Port 1. • Normalize Reflection Port 2 (Short) Test port 2 is calibrated for the reflection measurement (S22). The calibration routine requires only the calibration standard short.

  • Page 116: Measuring The Transmission Of Two-Port Duts

    Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH 4.13.3 Measuring the Transmission of Two-Port DUTs To perform a transmission measurement, connect the input of the DUT to the generator output and the DUT’s output to the RF input of the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH measures the magnitude of the DUT’s transmission.
  • Page 117 R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator Press the CONTINUE softkey to start the calibration. You can abort the calibration at any time by pressing the CANCEL softkey. After it has finished the calibration routine, the R&S FSH shows the message a short time.

  • Page 118: Vector Transmission Measurement

    4.13.3.2 Vector Transmission Measurement Vector measurements are possible only with an R&S FSH4/8 with tracking generator and integrated VSWR bridge (order number 1309.6000.24 or 1309.6000.28) that is equipped with option R&S FSH-K42 (vector reflection and transmission measurement) and in conjunction with accessories R&S FSH-Z28 or R&S FSH-Z29 (calibration standards).

  • Page 119: Selecting The Measurement Format

    R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator Next, the R&S FSH asks you to terminate the output of the tracking generator into 50 (LOAD). Connect the generator output to a 50 termination Press the CONTINUE softkey to resume the calibration. You can abort the calibration at any time by pressing the CANCEL softkey.
  • Page 120 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH Press the AMPT key Press the REF POS softkey Set the reference position with the number keys, the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the REFPOS softkey.

  • Page 121: Measuring The Reflection

    R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator The result for the electrical length is correct only if the phase difference between two adjacent test points does not exceed 180°. By definition, the electrical length is calculated from the vacuum velocity of light and the differential group delay (see above).
  • Page 122 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH To perform the calibration, the R&S FSH asks you to connect a short to the measurement input. Connect a short to the measurement input of the bridge. Press the CONTINUE softkey to start the calibration. You can abort the calibration at any time by pressing the CANCEL softkey.

  • Page 123: Vector Measurement Of Reflection

    4.13.4.2 Vector Measurement of Reflection Vector measurements are possible only with an R&S FSH4/8 with tracking generator and integrated VSWR bridge (order number 1309.6000.24 or 1309.6000.28) that is equipped with option R&S FSH-K42 (vector reflection and transmission measurement) and in conjunction with accessories R&S FSH-Z28 or R&S FSH-Z29 (calibration standards).
  • Page 124 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the CALIBRATE softkey. To perform the calibration, the R&S FSH asks you to connect an open circuit to the measurement input. Terminate the measurement input of the VSWR bridge or the end of the measurement cable into an open circuit (Open).
  • Page 125 R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator 4.13.4.3 Selecting the Measurement Format Measuring the Reflection Magnitude Connect the DUT to the test port of the VSWR bridge. Press the FORMAT softkey. Select the MAGNITUDE menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys.
  • Page 126 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH The R&S FSH now shows the results as two traces in two diagrams. In the upper diagram the R&S FSH shows the magnitude of the reverse attenuation. In the lower diagram it shows the phase curve of the DUT as functions of frequency.
  • Page 127 R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator Displaying the Reflection in the Smith Chart Press the FORMAT softkey. Select the SMITH CHART menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the MEAS MODE softkey.
  • Page 128 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH • 'Real + Imag (Rho)' outputs the marker value for the reflection factor in complex format with real and imaginary components. • 'R+jX' shows the marker value for the impedance in complex format with real and imaginary components.

  • Page 129: Performing Measurements In Dual Trace Mode

    R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator Press the ZOOM FACTOR softkey. Zoom factors 2, 4 and 8 are available. Select the zoom factor from the menu with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the ZOOM FACTOR softkey.
  • Page 130 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH Screen Layout in Dual Trace Mode Press the RESULT DISPLAY softkey. The menu shows all measurements available for the currently selected measurement mode. By default, only one trace, and therefore only one screen, is active. Select the SHOW TRACE 2 menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

  • Page 131: Working With Channel Tables In Network Analyzer Mode

    R&S FSH Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator 4.13.6 Working with Channel Tables in Network Analyzer Mode The R&S FSH allows you to use channel tables in Network Analyzer mode. Press the FREQ key. Press the CHANNEL TABLE softkey. The R&S FSH opens the list of channel tables loaded into the R&S FSH via R&S FSH4View. Select the desired channel table with the rotary knob or the cursor keys and switch it on with the SELECT softkey.
  • Page 132 Two-port Measurements with the Tracking Generator R&S FSH The USER OPEN menu item opens an input field to specify the electrical length of the open. Enter the electrical length of the calibration standard you are using with the number keys, the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

  • Page 133: Vector Voltmeter

    Vector Voltmeter 4.14 Vector Voltmeter The Vector Voltmeter functionality is available for the R&S FSH4/8 with tracking generator and integrated VSWR bridge (order number 1309.6000.24 or 1309.6000.28) that is equipped with option R&S FSH-K45 (vector voltmeter) Vector voltmeters are very popular and are used for simple reflection measurements (S...
  • Page 134 Vector Voltmeter R&S FSH To perform the calibration, the R&S FSH asks you to connect an open circuit to the measurement input. Terminate the measurement input of the VSWR bridge or the end of the measurement cable into an open circuit (Open). Press the CONTINUE softkey to start the calibration.
  • Page 135 R&S FSH Vector Voltmeter Entering the display unit Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE softkey. The R&S FSH opens the menu for selecting the unit that is displayed. The following display units are available for reflection measurements: return loss in dB, linear in %, VSWR, reflection coefficient (REFL COEFF (ROH)), and reflection coefficient (REFL COEFF (mROH)).

  • Page 136: Transmission Measurements

    Vector Voltmeter R&S FSH Select the VECTOR VOLTMETER menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the FORMAT softkey. 4.14.1.2 Transmission Measurements (S Press the MODE key. Press the NETWORK ANALYZER softkey. Press the MEAS MODE softkey.
  • Page 137 R&S FSH Vector Voltmeter Start the calibration by pressing CONTINUE. You can abort the calibration at any stage with the CANCEL softkey. Connect the RF output directly to the generator input without the DUT. If necessary you can also connect the RF output to a reference DUT. Press the CONTINUE softkey to start the calibration.

  • Page 138: Selecting A Calibration Standard

    Vector Voltmeter R&S FSH If you perform measurements on different DUTs whose results you'd like to compare, you can save the current results as reference values. Press the REF softkey. The R&S FSH saves the results that it got prior to pressing the softkey as the reference results for future measurements.
  • Page 139 R&S FSH Vector Voltmeter Select the USER LENGTH menu item with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the MEAS MODE softkey. An input field to change the user length opens. Enter the electrical length of the calibration standard you are using with the number keys, the rotary knob or the cursor keys.

  • Page 140: Cable Measurements

    Cable Measurements R&S FSH 4.15 Cable Measurements (Only for R&S FSH with tracking generator and internal VSWR-Bridge (catalogue number 1309.6000.24 or 1309.6000.28) and installed option R&S FSH-K41 (Distance-To-Fault Measurements) in conjunction with R&S FSH-Z20 or R&S FSH-Z32x (RF cable) and R&S FSH-Z28 or R&S FSH-Z29 (calibration standards).) Measurements to determine the characteristics of cables to the antenna are key tasks when transmission equipment is being installed or maintained.

  • Page 141: Cable Selection

    R&S FSH Cable Measurements Screen layout for cable measurements: To perform distance-to-fault measurements, the R&S FSH needs to “know” the type of cable and its approximate length. The cable type must be known to determine the speed of propagation and so the distance to any fault along the cable.

  • Page 142: Selecting The Frequency Range

    Cable Measurements R&S FSH measured values for lengths beyond the cable length are useless because they are caused by multiple reflections. If the length of the cable is not known precisely, it is best to enter a length that is about 20 % to 50 % greater than the best estimate of the cable length.

  • Page 143: Calibrating The Test Setup

    R&S FSH Cable Measurements Confirm the entry with the ENTER key or the MANUAL SPAN softkey. The minimum span you can set is either 1/10 of the span automatically set by the R&S FSH in the case of AUTO SPAN or 200 MHz (whichever is smaller).

  • Page 144: Measurement Formats In Dtf Mode

    Cable Measurements R&S FSH Unscrew the SHORT from the measurement cable. Connect the cable under test to the measurement cable. The R&S FSH displays the reflections produced in the cable under test. To select the display unit: Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE softkey.
  • Page 145 R&S FSH Cable Measurements Press the FORMAT softkey. Select the measurement format you want with the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the FORMAT softkey. The R&S FSH adjusts and updates its display accordingly. 1309.6275.12...

  • Page 146: Measurements Using The Power Sensor

    Measurements Using the Power Sensor R&S FSH 4.16 Measurements Using the Power Sensor For highly accurate power measurements, you can connect one of the power sensors that are available for the R&S FSH. The R&S FSH provides a special interface at its top to connect the power sensors. 4.16.1 Measuring the Power with a Power Sensor The power sensors R&S FSH-Z1 and R&S FSH-Z18 (order numbers 1155.4505.02 and 1165.1909.02)
  • Page 147 R&S FSH Measurements Using the Power Sensor 4.16.1.2 Performing Measurements Press the MODE key. Press the POWER METER softkey The R&S FSH activates the mode for power measurements. If the R&S FSH recognizes a power sensor, it sets up a connection via the interface and after a few seconds shows the measured power.
  • Page 148 Measurements Using the Power Sensor R&S FSH Press the FREQ softkey. The frequency value entry box opens. Enter the frequency you want with the number keys. Confirm the entry with one of the unit keys. The R&S FSH transfers the new frequency to the power sensor which then corrects the measured power readings.
  • Page 149 R&S FSH Measurements Using the Power Sensor Altermatively, you can set the current level reading as the reference level. Press the REF softkey. The R&S FSH adjusts the reference level to the currently measured power level. It then displays the measured level relative to the reference level in dB.

  • Page 150: Measuring Forward And Reflected Power

    Measurements Using the Power Sensor R&S FSH 4.16.2 Measuring Forward and Reflected Power With the directional power sensors R&S FSH-Z14 and R&S FSH-Z44 (order numbers 1120.6001.02 and 1165.2305.02) you can measure the power in both directions. When you connect the directional power sensor between the source and the load, the R&S FSH measures the power from source to load (forward power) and from load to source (reverse power).
  • Page 151 R&S FSH Measurements Using the Power Sensor Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z44 Source Load Power sensor socket When measuring high powers, pay strict attention to the following instructions to avoid personal injury and to prevent the power sensor from being destroyed. Danger of skin burns or damage to the instrument •...
  • Page 152 Measurements Using the Power Sensor R&S FSH rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or by pressing the FWRD PWR DISPLAY softkey. The currently set weighting mode is highlighted in green. Select the desired weighting mode using the rotary knob or the cursor keys. Confirm your choice with the ENTER key or the FWRD POWER DISPLAY softkey.
  • Page 153 R&S FSH Measurements Using the Power Sensor Press the ->REF softkey. The R&S FSH accepts the currently measured level as the reference level and displays the measured level difference relative to the reference level in dB. The unit (UNIT) is automatically set to dB REL...
  • Page 154 Measurements Using the Power Sensor R&S FSH If high powers are applied that exceed the maximum input level of the R&S FSH-Z14 or R&S FSH-Z44, a directional coupler or an attenuator has to be connected ahead of the power sensor. In such cases, the coupling attenuation of the directional coupler or the attenuation value of the attenuator are to be entered as positive dB values (see above) into the R&S FSH to ensure true measured power readout.

  • Page 155: Field-Strength Measurement With Isotropic Antenna

    R&S FSH Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna 4.17 Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna When used together with the R&S TS-EMF isotropic antenna (Order No. 1158.9295.13), the R&S FSH can determine the resultant field strength in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz. The antenna has three orthogonal elements for measuring the resultant field strength.
  • Page 156 Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna R&S FSH To use transducer factors for the isotropic antenna: Press the AMPT key. The R&S FSH opens the amplitude menu. Note: The TRANSDUCER softkey enables you to activate the transducer factor for the isotropic antenna.

  • Page 157: Measuring With Transducer Factors

    R&S FSH Measuring with Transducer Factors 4.18 Measuring with Transducer Factors The frequency-dependent transducer factor of transducers and antennas can be directly considered in the measurement result. A transducer factor consists of a numeric values and a unit. The R&S FSH corrects the level values of the trace by the values of the transducer.

  • Page 158: Unit For Measurements With Transducers

    Measuring with Transducer Factors R&S FSH The R&S FSH displays a list of transducer factors available in the unit. The cursor is on the active transducer factor (line highlighted). If no transducer is active, the cursor is on the first item in the list. Select the desired transducer factor with the rotary knob or the cursor keys and switch it on with the SELECT softkey.

  • Page 159: Reference Level Settings For Measurements With Transducers

    R&S FSH Measuring with Transducer Factors 4.18.2 Reference Level Settings for Measurements with Transducers The transducer shifts the trace by its value as a function of frequency. Positive transducer values increase the level, negative values reduce it. To ensure that the trace is always within the diagram, the R&S FSH adjusts the reference level accordingly.

  • Page 160: Code Domain Measurements On 3Gpp Fdd Signals

    Code Domain Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals R&S FSH 4.19 Code Domain Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals Equipped with the software application R&S FSH-K44, you can perform measurements on WCDMA signals in accordance to the 3GPP standard with your R&S FSH. When starting a measurement, the R&S FSH first records a section of the signal that lasts approximately 1.2 ms (or about 2 WCDMA slots).

  • Page 161: Reading The Result Summary

    R&S FSH Code Domain Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals 4.19.1 Reading the Result Summary The Result Summary shows various measurement results in numerical form. Screen Layout of the Result Summary display 4.19.1.1 General Settings The general settings show some general information about the measurement. •...

  • Page 162: Configuring The Measurement

    Code Domain Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals R&S FSH 4.19.1.3 Channel Results In the lower part of the table, the R&S FSH shows measurement results concerning specific channels. • CPICH ([ksps], Code #) Power Shows the power of the CPICH in dBm. •...
  • Page 163 R&S FSH Code Domain Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals In the Result Summary, is displayed and the R&S FSH updates the measurement results. If the synchronization was not successful, the Result Summary shows the tag. If you don't know the scrambling code, the R&S FSH can automatically determine the scrambling code of one or more 3GPP base stations.

  • Page 164: Signal Settings

    Code Domain Measurements on 3GPP FDD Signals R&S FSH Viewing the found scrambling codes: Press the SCRAMBLING CODE softkey. Select the VIEW SCRAMBLING CODES menu item. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the SCRAMBLING CODE softkey. The R&S FSH shows all primary and the corresponding secondary scrambling codes that it found during the search in descending order.

  • Page 165: Code Domain Measurements On Cdma2000 Signals

    R&S FSH Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 4.20 Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Equipped with the measurement application R&S FSH-K46, you can perform Pilot channel and EVM measurements on the forward link of CDMA2000 signals in accordance to the 3GPP2 standard with your R&S FSH.
  • Page 166 Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals R&S FSH 4.20.1.1 General Settings The General Settings section shows an assortment of hardware settings and general CDMA2000 settings. • Center Current center frequency of the R&S FSH. For measurements, this has to be the center frequency of the signal you want to measure. •...
  • Page 167 R&S FSH Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals Current RF attenuation inside the R&S FSH. Refer to chapter "Setting the Amplitude Parameters" for more information on RF attenuation. • Preamp Current state of the preamplifier (on / off). Refer to chapter "Setting the Amplitude Parameters"...

  • Page 168: Channel Results

    Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals R&S FSH 4.20.1.2 Global Results In the global results, the R&S FSH shows measurement results of the composite signal. These results evaluate the total signal over the period of one Power Control Group (PCG). •...

  • Page 169: Measuring The Code Domain Power

    R&S FSH Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals 4.20.2 Measuring the Code Domain Power Screen Layout of the Code Domain Power result display Header Table The header table shows an assortment of settings already described in the section about the Result Summary result display.
  • Page 170 Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals R&S FSH By default, the R&S FSH displays the codes in BitReverse order. In this order you can see at first glance the codes that belong to the same channel. If you want to see the codes in ascending order, you have to change the code order to Hadamard order.
  • Page 171 R&S FSH Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals By default, the R&S FSH displays the power in the unit dBm. You can change the unit in the Power Unit menu. Changing the PN Offset Each signal is spread with a Walsh code of length 64 or 128 and a pseudo-random noise code (PN code) of length 2 .

  • Page 172: Reading The Code Domain Channel Table

    Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals R&S FSH 4.20.3 Reading the Code Domain Channel Table The application also provides a code domain channel table display. The channel table shows various parameters and measurement results on channel level. Screen layout of the Code Domain Channel table result display 4.20.3.1 Header Table The header table shows an assortment of settings already described in the sections above.

  • Page 173: Spectrum Overview

    R&S FSH Code Domain Measurements on CDMA2000 Signals • Status Status display. Unassigned codes are identified as inactive channels. • Power Abs (dBm) Absolute power of the channel in dBm. • Power Rel to PICH [Total] (dB) Relative power of the channel in dB. The reference channel is the PICH or the total signal, depending on the reference power you have selected.

  • Page 174: Measurements On 1Xev-Do Signals

    Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals R&S FSH 4.21 Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals Equipped with the measurement application R&S FSH-K47, you can perform Pilot channel and EVM measurements on the forward link of 1xEV-DO signals in accordance to the 3GPP2 standard with your R&S FSH.
  • Page 175 R&S FSH Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 4.21.1.1 General Settings The General Settings section shows an assortment of hardware settings and general 1xEVDO settings. • Center Current center frequency of the R&S FSH. For measurements, this has to be the center frequency of the signal you want to measure. If you change the center frequency with the rotary knob or the cursor keys, the stepsize by default is 1.25 MHz.
  • Page 176 Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals R&S FSH If you are not sure about the maximum level of the signal, do the following: To prevent the A/D converter from being overloaded, the signal must be measured at the widest resolution bandwidth (3 MHz) and video bandwidth (3 MHz) with the peak detector (in Spectrum mode).
  • Page 177 R&S FSH Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals 4.21.1.2 RF Power Results The RF power results show measurement results of the composite signal. These results evaluate the total signal over the period of one frame. • Total Power Total power of the signal in dBm in the 1.23 MHz bandwidth around the center frequency. •...

  • Page 178: Spectrum Overview

    Measurements on 1xEV-DO Signals R&S FSH Press the DISPLAY SETTINGS softkey. Select the HZ or PPM menu item. The R&S FSH shows the carrier frequency error in the unit you have selected. • Peak to Average Shows the difference between the peak power and the average power of the signal (crest factor). 4.21.2 Spectrum Overview The Spectrum Overview result display shows the spectrum of the signal you are currently measuring.

  • Page 179: Saving And Loading Instrument Settings And Measurement Results

    R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results 4.22 Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results The R&S FSH’s settings and measurement results can be saved to the internal memory and recalled at a later date. Using the R&S FSH4View software package, these data sets can also be saved to a PC from the R&S FSH or downloaded onto the R&S FSH from a PC.

  • Page 180: Entering A Data Set Name

    Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results R&S FSH 4.22.2 Entering a Data Set Name A new name can be entered with the numeric keypad. The letter assignment for the keypad is the same as that for a mobile phone Alphanumeric Keypad BACK Key...

  • Page 181: Quick Recall Of Instrument Settings

    R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Use the rotary knob to scroll through and preview all available data sets. The currently active data set is displayed below the measurement screen. In addition to the trace, the R&S FSH also shows the settings of that particualr measurement. Loading data sets Press the ACTIVATE softkey to load the settings of the data sets or the EXIT softkey to quit previewing the data sets.

  • Page 182: Deleting Data Sets

    Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results R&S FSH Recalling a dataset: Press the USER key. Press one of the softkeys F1 to F6 in the menu. Note that the label of the softkeys depends on the settings made in the User Preference Setup menu. The R&S FSH immediately activates the dataset assigned to that softkey.

  • Page 183: How A Spectrum Analyzer Works

    R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works 4.23 How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Basically, an RF signal can either be analyzed in the time domain or in the frequency domain. In the time domain, how the signal varies with time can be observed on an oscilloscope, for example. In the frequency domain, a spectrum analyzer can be used to display the frequency components of a signal.
  • Page 184 IFs 4856 MHz, 831.4 MHz and 21.4 MHz. Up to 3.6 GHz, the R&S FSH8 uses the same IFs as the R&S FSH4. Between 3.6 GHz and 8 GHz, it uses a first IF at 8856 MHz, which it converts to the second IF of 831.4 MHz with the aid of the second local oscillator.
  • Page 185 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works The first local oscillator is tuned with a sawtooth which simultaneously acts as the x deflection voltage for the display. In practice, synthesizer technology is used to generate the frequency of the first local oscillator and for a digital display.
  • Page 186 How a Spectrum Analyzer Works R&S FSH Limiting the video bandwidth smoothes the trace considerably. This makes it much easier to determine the level of the measured signal. The detector comes after the video filter. The detector combines the measured spectrum so that it can be represented as one pixel in the trace.
  • Page 187 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works Index scalar reflection measurements ....99 scalar transmission measurements.... 94 the vector voltmeter......111, 114 (Uncal) ............89 vector reflection measurements ....101 vector transmission measurements ... 96 Calibration standards, selection of..109, 116 ACLR measurement ........67 Calibration standards, user ....
  • Page 188 How a Spectrum Analyzer Works R&S FSH External Rise/Fall trigger ........37 Limit check ........54, 56, 109 Limit check (ACLR) ........72 Limit line ..........54, 109 activation ............ 55 File management..........157 dataset............56 FM demodulation ..........53 deactivation ..........56 Free Run trigger ..........37 Frequency mode........25, 109 limit check...........
  • Page 189 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works group delay ..........104 spectrum analyzer ........29 reflection coefficient ........104 TDMA power measurement ....... 66 reflection magnitude........103 Reference offset..........30 reflection magnitude + phase....104 Reference position reflection measurement ......103 spectrum analyzer ........29 reflection phase.........103 Reflection calibration........
  • Page 190 How a Spectrum Analyzer Works R&S FSH the base spreading factor (CDMA2000) ...147 the threshold (AM Modulation Depth) ..79 the center frequency ........23 the trace ............. 40 the channel bandwidth (channel power) ..59 the trace mode ........... 40 the code order (CDMA2000).....148 the trigger ...........
  • Page 191 R&S FSH How a Spectrum Analyzer Works reference level ..........66 cable measurements ........ 122 standard ............65 channel power measurement..... 60 trigger selection...........66 spectrum analyzer ........30 THD ..............77 vector voltmeter........ 113, 115 Threshold cable measurements.........122 Time line ............85 Vector measurement........ 88, 91 Total harmonic distortion ........77 calibration ...........

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