Page 1 Test and Measurement Division Operating Manual Handheld Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSH 1145.5850.03 1145.5850.13 1145.5850.23 1145.5850.06 1145.5850.26 1145.5850.18 1145.5973.12-14- 深圳市盛腾仪器仪表有限公司 Tel:0755-83589391 Fax:0755-83539691 Website: www.Sengt.com...
Page 2 Dear Customer, R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG. Trade names are trademarks of the owners. 1145.5973.12-14- 深圳市盛腾仪器仪表有限公司 Tel:0755-83589391 Fax:0755-83539691 Website: www.Sengt.com...
Page 3: Table Of Contents
R&S FSH Contents Contents Specifications Safety Instructions Certificate of Quality EC-Certificate of Conformity Support Center Address List of R&S Representatives 1 Putting into Operation ......................1.1 Front view............................1.1 Putting into Operation........................1.2 Unpacking the Instrument......................1.2 Setting up the Instrument......................1.3 Switching on the Spectrum Analyzer ..................1.4 Spectrum Analyzer Connectors ....................1.5 Screen Settings...........................1.8 Country-Specific Settings......................1.10...
Page 4 Contents R&S FSH 2 Getting Started ..........................2.1 Measurements on CW Signals ......................2.1 Level measurement ........................2.1 Setting the Reference Level......................2.2 Frequency Measurements ......................2.3 Harmonic Measurements of a Sinewave Signal .................2.4 Power Measurements Using the Power Sensor .................2.5 Power and Return Loss Measurements with the R&S FSH-Z14 or the R&S FSH-Z44....2.7 Two-Port Transmission Measurements..................2.9 Measurement of Return Loss ....................2.11 Performing Distance-To-Fault Measurements................2.14...
Page 5 R&S FSH Contents 3 Operation ............................3.1 Screen Layout ...........................3.1 Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers ...........3.1 Screen layout when the marker mode is selected ..............3.2 Entering Measurement Parameters ....................3.3 Entering values and texts......................3.3 Entering units ..........................3.4 Menu Overview ..........................3.5 Frequency entry ........................3.5 Frequency span ........................3.5 Level setting ..........................3.5...
Page 6 Contents R&S FSH 4 Instrument Functions ..........................4.1 Instrument Default Setup.........................4.1 Status Display...........................4.1 Setting the Frequency........................4.2 Entering the center frequency.....................4.2 Setting a frequency offset ......................4.2 Entering the center-frequency step size ..................4.3 Entering the start and stop frequency ..................4.4 Working with channel tables .......................4.4 Setting the Span ..........................4.6 Setting the Amplitude Parameters....................4.7 Setting the reference level ......................4.8...
Page 7 R&S FSH Contents Using the Display Line ........................4.33 Setting and Using the Measurement Functions ................4.34 Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals ..........4.34 Selecting the standard ......................4.35 Setting the reference level ......................4.37 Setting the channel bandwidth ....................4.37 Changing the span........................4.38 Power display..........................4.39 Power measurements on TDMA signals ..................4.41 Selecting a standard .........................4.41...
Page 8 Contents R&S FSH Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode...................4.62 Setting the frequency ........................4.63 Setting the reference level ......................4.65 Setting the bandwidth........................4.66 Setting the detector........................4.67 Setting the measurement time....................4.67 Measurement on multiple frequencies or channels (scan) ............4.68 Measurements using the power sensor..................4.70 Connecting the power sensor ....................4.70 Zeroing the power sensor ......................4.72 Selecting the unit for the power readout ...................4.73...
Page 9 R&S FSH Contents Cable Measurements........................4.116 Cable selection ........................4.117 Selecting the frequency range ....................4.120 Calibrating the test setup ......................4.121 Locating cable faults by means of the marker function ............4.124 Measuring spectrum and reflection..................4.127 Further information .........................4.128 Setting the span ......................4.128 Selecting the center frequency...................4.129 Measurement ......................4.130 Length measurement accuracy..................4.130 Using Limit Lines..........................4.131...
Page 10 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Specifications Specifications are valid under the following conditions: 15 minutes warm-up time at ambient temperature, specified environmental conditions met and calibration cycle adhered to. Data without tolerances: typical values. Data designated as "nominal": design parameters, i.e. not tested.
Page 11 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Specification Condition R&S FSH3 R&S FSH6 R&S FSH18 Resolution bandwidths with option R&S FSH-K3 in addition 200 Hz, 9 kHz, 120 kHz, 1 MHz (-6 dB) installed Video bandwidths 10 Hz to 1 MHz in 1, 3 steps...
Page 12 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Specification Condition R&S FSH3 R&S FSH6 R&S FSH18 Displayed average noise level average value, resolution bandwidth 1 kHz, video bandwidth 10 Hz, reference level -30 dBm 10 MHz to 50 MHz <-105 dBm, <-105 dBm,...
Page 13 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Specification Condition R&S FSH3 R&S FSH6 R&S FSH18 Inherent spurious <-80 dBm <-80 dBm <-80 dBm reference level -20 dBm, f > 30 MHz, RBW 100 kHz,S/N>10dB Input related spurious mixer level -40 dBm R&S FSH3 / FSH6...
Page 14 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Specification Condition R&S FSH3 R&S FSH6 R&S FSH18 Display units dBm, dBIV, dBmV Logarithmic with transducer also dBIV/m and dBIA/m Linear IV, mV, V, nW, µW, mW, W with transducer also V/m, mV/m , IV/m and W/m...
Page 15 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Specification Condition R&S FSH3 R&S FSH6 R&S FSH18 Inputs RF input N female Input impedance VSWR 10 MHz to 3 GHz <1.5 nominal <1.5 nominal <1.5 nominal 3 GHz to 6 GHz <1.5 nominal...
Page 16 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Accessories Power Sensors R&S FSH-Z1 and R&S FSH-Z18 Frequency range R&S FSH-Z1 10 MHz to 8 GHz R&S FSH-Z18 10 MHz to 18 GHz VSWR 10 MHz to 30 MHz < 1.15 30 MHz to 2.4 GHz...
Page 17 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z14 Frequency range 25 MHz to 1 GHz Power measurement range 30 mW to 300 W < 1.06 VSWR referenced to 50 Power-handling capacity depending on temperature 100 W to 1000 W...
Page 18 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z14 Max. peak envelope power Power measurement range Video bandwidth 4 kHz 0.4 W to 300 W 200 kHz 1 W to 300 W 2 W to 300 W...
Page 19 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z14 Error limits for matching measurements Power-handling capacity Dimensions 120 mm x 95 mm x 39 mm, connecting cable 1.5 m Weight 0.65 kg 1145.5973.12 TI.10 E-14 深圳市盛腾仪器仪表有限公司...
Page 20 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z44 Frequency range 200 MHz to 4 GHz Power measurement range 30 mW to 300 W VSWR referenced to 50 < 1.07 200 MHz to 3 GHz < 1.12...
Page 21 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z44 Zero offset after zeroing ± 4 mW Range of typical measure- ment error with modulation FM, PM, FSK, GMSK 0 % of measured value (0 dB) AM (80 %) ±...
Page 22 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z44 Measurement uncertainty 18°C to 28°C same as for average power plus effect of peak hold circuit Error limits of peak hold circuit for burst signals Duty cycle 0.1 und...
Page 23 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Directional Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z44 Error limits for matching measurements 0.2 GHz to 3 GHz 3 GHz to 4 GHz Return loss Power-handling capacity PEAK (max 10 ms), SWR < 3 1000 AVG -10 °C to 35 °C...
Page 24 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z2 / R&S FSH-Z3 R&S FSH-Z2 R&S FSH-Z3 Frequency range 10 MHz to 3 GHz 10 MHz to 3 GHz Impedance VSWR bridge Directivity 10 MHz to 30 MHz typ.
Page 25 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z2 / R&S FSH-Z3 R&S FSH-Z2 R&S FSH-Z3 DC bias Max. input voltage 50 V Max. input current 300 mA /600 mA * Type of connector BNC female Connectors...
Page 26 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Distance-to-Fault Measurement R&S FSH-B1 (only with R&S FSH3 models 1145.5850.13, 1145.5850.23 and R&S FSH6 model 1145.5850.26) Display 301 pixels Maximum resolution, distance maximum zoom cable length/1023 pixels to fault Display range Return loss...
Page 27 Specification Condition R&S FSH3 R&S FSH6 Reflection measurements (only with R&S FSH3 model 1145.5850.13 or 1145.5850.23, R&S FSH6 model 1145.5850.26 and R&S FSH-Z2/-Z3) Frequency range 10 MHz to 3 GHz 10 MHz to 3 GHz Display range of return loss...
Page 28 Specification Condition R&S FSH3 R&S FSH6 Phase measurements (transmission, reflection) (only with R&S FSH3 models 1145.5850.13 or 1145.5850.23, R&S FSH6 1145.5850.26 and R&S FSH-K2) Frequency range Reflection with R&S FSH-Z2/-Z3 10 MHz to 3 GHz 10 MHz to 6 GHz...
Page 29 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Specification Condition R&S FSH3 (only for model 1145.5850.23 as of serial number 103500) 3GPP FDD code domain power BTS/Node B measurement (only with R&S FSH-K4 1300.7633.02) Frequency range 10 MHz to 3 GHz Carrier frequency error (test case 6.3 in accordance with 3GPP 25.141)
Page 30 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Specification Condition R&S FSH3 3GPP FDD scrambling code detection Frequency range ± 1 kHz 10 MHz to 3 GHz Single scrambling code detection Calculation time 24 s CPICH E > -18 dB...
Page 31 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 General data Display 14 cm (5.7") LC color display Resolution 320 x 240 pixels Memory CMOS RAM Settings and traces Environmental conditions Temperature Operating temperature range R&S FSH powered from internal battery 0°C to 50 °C...
Page 32 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Power supply AC supply plug-in AC power supply (R&S FSH-Z33) 100 V AC to 240 V AC, 50 Hz to 60 Hz, 400 mA External DC voltage 15 V to 20 V Internal battery NiMH battery (type Fluke BP190, R&S FSH-Z32)
Page 33 R&S FSH-K3 1157.3429.02 3GPP FDD Code Domain Power BTS/Node B R&S FSH-K4 1300.7633.02 Measurement for the R&S FSH3 model 23 as of serial number 103500 Optional accessories Designation Order No. Power Sensor for the R&S FSH, 10 MHz to 8 GHz R&S FSH-Z1...
Page 34 R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Data Sheet Power supply Optional accessories Designation Order No. Directional Power Sensor for the R&S FSH, R&S FSH-Z14 1120.6001.02 25 MHz to 1 GHz Power Sensor for the R&S FSH, 10 MHz to 18 GHz R&S FSH-Z18...
Page 35 Data Sheet R&S FSH3, R&S FSH6, R&S FSH18 Power supply Optional accessories Designation Order No. Spare RS-232-C Optical Cable R&S FSH-Z34 1145.5815.02 Spare CD-ROM with Control Software R&S FSH R&S FSH-Z35 1145.5821.02 View and documentation Spare Headphones R&S FSH-Z36 1145.5838.02 Spare USB Optical Cable R&S FSH-Z37...
Page 36 Before putting the product into operation for the first time, make sure to read the following S a f e t y I n s t r u c t i o n s All plants and locations of the Rohde & Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standard of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety.
Page 37 Safety Instructions Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous situations. Therefore, carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before putting the product into operation. It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation.
Page 38 Safety Instructions 4. If products/components are mechanically product itself is not permitted. Doing so can and/or thermically processed in a manner result in the danger of an electric shock that goes beyond their intended use, from the product. If extension cords or hazardous substances (heavy-metal dust connector strips are implemented, they such as lead, beryllium, nickel) may be...
Page 39 Safety Instructions 19. If a product is to be permanently installed, the battery or storage battery only with the the connection between the PE terminal on matching Rohde & Schwarz type (see site and the product's PE conductor must spare parts list). Batteries and storage be made first before any other connection batteries must be recycled and kept is made.
Page 40 Certified Quality System DIN EN ISO 9001 : 2000 DIN EN 9100 : 2003 DIN EN ISO 14001 : 1996 DQS REG. NO 001954 QM/ST UM QUALITÄTSZERTIFIKAT CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY CERTIFICAT DE QUALITÉ Sehr geehrter Kunde, Dear Customer, Cher Client, Sie haben sich für den Kauf eines you have decided to buy a Rohde &...
Page 41 EC Certificate of Conformity Certificate No.: 2002-41 This is to certify that: Equipment type Stock No. Designation FSH3 1145.5850.03/.13/.23 Handheld Spectrum Analyzer FSH6 1145.5850.06/.26 FSH18 1145.5850.18 FSH-Z1 1155.4505.02 Average Power Sensor FSH-Z2 1145.5767.02 VSWR Bridge and Power Driver FSH-Z3 1300.7756.02...
Page 42 Customer Support Technical support – where and when you need it For quick, expert help with any Rohde & Schwarz equipment, contact one of our Customer Support Centers. A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect of the operation, programming or applications of Rohde &...
Page 43 Address List Headquarters, Plants and Subsidiaries Locations Worldwide Headquarters Please refer to our homepage: www.rohde-schwarz.com ◆ ROHDE&SCHWARZ GmbH & Co. KG Phone +49 (89) 41 29-0 Sales Locations Mühldorfstraße 15 · D-81671 München Fax +49 (89) 41 29-121 64 ◆ Service Locations P.O.Box 80 14 69 ·...
Page 44: Putting Into Operation
R&S FSH Front view 1 Putting into Operation Front view Connector for External trigger /external power sensor reference input BNC connector Generator output RF input N connector N connector Connector for Connector for headphones AC power supply Display RS-232-C Softkey optical interface labels Softkeys...
Page 45: Putting Into Operation
Putting into Operation R&S FSH Putting into Operation The following section describes how to put the handheld spectrum analyzer into operation and how to connect external devices, e.g. printers. Section 2 describes the operation of the spectrum analyzer using simple measurements as examples. Unpacking the Instrument The R&S FSH comes in formfitting packaging that consists of upper and lower shells.
Page 46: Setting Up The Instrument
R&S FSH Putting into Operation Setting up the Instrument The Handheld Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSH has been designed for operation in labs as well as for on- site use for service and maintenance applications. For any application, the R&S FSH can be set up to optimize ease of operation and the viewing angle of the display.
Page 47: Switching On The Spectrum Analyzer
Putting into Operation R&S FSH Switching on the Spectrum Analyzer The R&S FSH can be powered using either the included power supply unit or internal battery. When fully charged, the built-in nickel metal hydride battery provides an operating time of about four hours. On delivery, the battery in the R&S FSH may be flat.
Page 48: Spectrum Analyzer Connectors
R&S FSH Putting into Operation Spectrum Analyzer Connectors The R&S FSH has the following connectors: RF input Connect the RF input via a cable with an N connector to the DUT. Make sure that it is not overloaded. The maximum permissible continuous power at the RF input is 20 dBm (100 mW). It can be loaded with up to 30 dBm (1 W) for a maximum of three minutes.
Page 49 Putting into Operation R&S FSH RS-232-C optical interface (on the right-hand side of the R&S FSH; can be accessed by folding out the stand) The RS-232-C optical interface is for connecting a printer or PC. The R&S FSH-Z34 RS-232-C optical cable or the FSH-Z37 USB optical cable R&S is used to make the connection.
Page 50 Connect the tracking generator output to the DUT via an N connector. The nominal output level is -20 dBm (100 LW). With the R&S FSH3 model 1145.5850.23, the level can be switched between -20 dBm and 0 dBm (1 mW). Up to 3 GHz, the R&S FSH6 model 1145.5850.26 supplies an output level of -10 dBm;...
Page 51: Screen Settings
Putting into Operation R&S FSH Screen Settings The R&S FSH’s screen is a transflective, passive color LCD. Indoors, its brightness depends on the intensity of the backlighting. If light irradiation is strong, the ambient light supports readability. The viewing angle can be optimized by adjusting the contrast. To achieve maximum contrast, the screen can be switched from color display to black-and-white display.
Page 52 R&S FSH Putting into Operation Setting the screen color Press the SETUP key. Press the DISPLAY softkey. The submenu with the contrast, lighting and color settings opens. Using the rotary knob or cursor keys, select TYPE... and confirm with the ENTER key or by pressing the DISPLAY softkey again.
Page 53: Country-Specific Settings
Putting into Operation R&S FSH Country-Specific Settings The R&S FSH is “multilingual” and can display text in the language of your choice. The softkey lettering is always in English. The default setting (factory-setting) is also English. Selection Press the SETUP key. The R&S FSH displays all default settings.
Page 54: Setting The Date And Time
R&S FSH Putting into Operation Setting the Date and Time The R&S FSH has an internal clock that can apply a date and time stamp, e.g. for output to a printer or stored data records. The user can reset the date and time. Setting the date Press the SETUP key.
Page 55: Charging The Battery
Charging the Battery R&S FSH Charging the Battery The R&S FSH is fitted with a nickel metal hydride battery. The operating time is approx. four hours at room temperature if the battery is fully charged. Note: The battery in the R&S FSH is not charged when it leaves the factory. It must therefore be charged after delivery.
Page 56: Selecting The Instrument Default Setup
Press the PRESET key. The R&S FSH is set to the default setup. The span depends on the model. With the R&S FSH3, it is 3 GHz; with the R&S FSH6, 6 GHz and with the R&S FSH18, 18 GHz..
Page 57: External Reference / External Trigger Switchover
External Reference / External Trigger Switchover R&S FSH The parameters defined in the data set for the default setup are now used as the preset settings. If no user-specific default setup is defined, CUSTOM is inactive and cannot be selected. The data set defined as the user default setup can be viewed using the R&S FSH's recall function.
Page 58: Controlling The Rf Attenuator
R&S FSH Controlling the RF Attenuator Controlling the RF Attenuator Depending on the selected reference level, the R&S FSH sets the attenuator on the RF input to a suitable value. It offers two modes: one for the highest possible sensitivity (LOW NOISE) and one for the lowest possible intermodulation products (LOW DISTORTION).
Page 59 Using a Preamplifier R&S FSH If the preamplifier is switched on, its use is coupled to the reference level, thus ensuring the optimum dynamic range of the R&S FSH at all times. The table below shows the positions of the RF attenuator and the preamplifier as a function of the reference level.
Page 60: Pin Entry
R&S FSH PIN Entry PIN Entry To prevent unauthorized use, the R&S FSH can be protected with a personal identification number (PIN). When the R&S FSH is delivered, the PIN is set to 0000 and PIN entry is disabled when the R&S FSH is switched on.
Page 61 PIN Entry R&S FSH The selected PIN is now activated. The next time you switch on the R&S FSH, you must enter the PIN before you can operate the instrument. If you enter an incorrect PIN , the R&S FSH again prompts you for the PIN code.
Page 62: Connecting Printers
R&S FSH Connecting Printers Connecting Printers The R&S FSH can output a screenshot to a printer equipped with an RS-232-C interface. The Serial/Parallel Converter R&S FSH-Z22 is available as an accessory for printers with a parallel interface. A printer with an RS-232-C interface can be directly connected using the R&S FSH-Z34 RS-232-C optical cable.
Page 63 Connecting Printers R&S FSH Note: The R&S FSH-Z22 is designed for a data transmission rate of max. 38 400 baud (= default setting). Therefore, set the baud rate (PRINTER BAUD RATE) in the SETUP menu to 38 400 baud. The baud rates 9600 baud and 19 200 baud can also be set on the R&S FSH-Z22 by opening its housing.
Page 64: Setting The Baud Rate For Remote Control
R&S FSH Setting the Baud Rate for Remote Control Setting the Baud Rate for Remote Control The R&S FSH offers different baud rates for remote control. The desired baud rate is set via the setup menu. Press the SETUP key. Press the GENERAL softkey.
Page 65: Checking The Installed Options
Checking the Installed Options R&S FSH Checking the Installed Options The R&S FSH displays the installed options in the Setup menu so you can check them: Press the SETUP key. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, scroll the status display downwards.
Page 66: Getting Started
R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals 2 Getting Started This section explains the basic operation of the Handheld Spectrum Analyzer R&S FSH using some simple measurements as examples. A more detailed description of operation and functions, such as selecting menus and setting measurement parameters, is provided in section 3 of this manual. Measurements on CW Signals A basic task performed by spectrum analyzers is measuring the level and frequency of sinewave signals.
Page 67: Setting The Reference Level
Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH Press the FREQ key. Enter “100” using the numeric keypad and confirm the entry with the MHz key. Press the SPAN key. Enter “10” using the numeric keypad and confirm the entry with the MHz key. The R&S FSH now displays the generator signal with a higher resolution.
Page 68: Frequency Measurements
R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals Using markers is also an effective way to shift the trace maximum so that it coincides with the top of the measurement diagram. If the marker is positioned on the trace maximum (as in the example), the reference level can be set to the marker level by entering the following keystrokes: Press the MARKER key.
Page 69: Harmonic Measurements Of A Sinewave Signal
Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH Harmonic Measurements of a Sinewave Signal Since a spectrum analyzer can resolve different signals in the frequency domain, it is ideal for measuring harmonic levels or harmonic ratios. To speed up these operations, the R&S FSH has marker functions that deliver fast results with only a few keystrokes.
Page 70: Power Measurements Using The Power Sensor
R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals Power Measurements Using the Power Sensor For highly accurate power measurements, the R&S FSH provides the Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z1 or R&S FSH-Z18 as options. They measure power in the span 10 MHz to 8 GHz or 10 MHz to 18 GHz, respectively.
Page 71 Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH Press the ZERO softkey. The R&S FSH outputs a message telling you not to apply any signals to the power meter while zeroing is being performed. Disconnect the power sensor from any signal sources. Start zeroing with the first or second softkey (CONTINUE).
Page 72: Power And Return Loss Measurements With The R&S Fsh-Z14 Or The R&S Fsh-Z44
R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals Power and Return Loss Measurements with the R&S FSH-Z14 or the R&S FSH-Z44 The Directional Power Sensors R&S FSH-Z14 and R&S FSH-Z44 are connected between the source and the load and measure the power flux in both directions, i.e. from the source to the load (forward power) and from the load to the source (reverse power).
Page 73 Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH The R&S FSH opens the screen and the menu for the power measurement. If no power sensor is connected, no measured value is displayed. If a power sensor is connected, the R&S FSH establishes a connection to the power sensor via the interface and, after a few seconds, displays the connected power sensor type (R&S FSH-Z14 or R&S FSH-Z44) as well as the measured forward power and return loss of the load.
Page 74: Two-Port Transmission Measurements
R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals Two-Port Transmission Measurements (Only for R&S FSH with tracking generator) For measurements of the gain or attenuation of two-port devices, the R&S FSH provides a tracking generator which generates a sinewave signal exactly at the receive frequency of the R&S FSH. Press the MEAS key.
Page 75 Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH In the main menu for the tracking generator, press the MEAS key. Press the TRANSM CAL softkey. The R&S FSH now prompts you to connect the RF input to the tracking generator’s output so that calibration can be carried out.
Page 76: Measurement Of Return Loss
R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals Measurement of Return Loss (Only for R&S FSH with tracking generator) For reflection measurements, the VSWR Bridge and Power Divider R&S FSH-Z2 or R&S FSH-Z3 and a short standard (supplied with the R&S FSH-Z2) are needed. The R&S FSH-Z2 or R&S FSH-Z3 is screw-connected to the RF input connector and the generator’s output.
Page 77 Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH Calibrate the R&S FSH for the return loss measurement. The following example shows a scalar measurement of return loss. If the option R&S FSH-K2 is installed, measurement must first be switched to scalar. Press the MEAS key. Press the MEAS MODE softkey.
Page 78 R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals Connect the DUT to the measurement port of the R&S FSH-Z2 or R&S FSH-Z3. The R&S FSH displays the return loss of the DUT. The reflection calibration remains valid until the R&S FSH’s center frequency or span is changed such that the new span falls outside the calibrated frequency range.
Page 79: Performing Distance-To-Fault Measurements
Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH Performing Distance-To-Fault Measurements (Only for the R&S FSH with tracking generator, installed option R&S FSH-B1 (distance-to-fault measurement) and VSWR Bridge and Power Divider R&S FSH-Z2 or R&S FSH-Z3). Measurement cable VSWR Bridge Measurement cable Power Divider R&S FSH-Z2 VSWR bridge...
Page 80 R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals To perform distance-to-fault cable measurements, the R&S FSH needs to be informed about the type of cable and its approximate length. Frequency-dependent cable models can be generated with the supplied R&S FSH View software for Windows and loaded onto the R&S FSH. The procedure is described in the R&S FSH View manual.
Page 81 Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH Please refer to the cable manufacturer's data sheet for the velocity factor (= speed of the wave in the cable relative to the speed of light) and the attenuation of the cable per meter or per foot at the specified frequency.
Page 82 R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals Calibration tip: The R&S FSH performs calibration over its entire span. Therefore, recalibration is not necessary after the cable length is changed. The calibration data is stored in the R&S FSH memory. Thus, the calibration is valid after the operating mode is changed or after the instrument is switched off.
Page 83 Measurements on CW Signals R&S FSH Press the MARKER key. The R&S FSH opens the marker menu and places the distance marker on the largest return loss. The marker readout provides the distance of the reflection from the measurement plane in meters and its return loss. Change the distance marker by entering a number, adjusting the rotary knob (pixel by pixel) or by using the cursor keys (step = 10 % of the span).
Page 84 R&S FSH Measurements on CW Signals The R&S FSH measures the return loss over the span that has been selected for the distance-to-fault cable measurement. To indicate that the R&S FSH is measuring return loss, DTF refl. cal is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the screen.
Page 85: Operation In Receiver Mode
Operation in Receiver Mode R&S FSH Operation in Receiver Mode (Available only if the option R&S FSH-K3 is installed.) To provide a means of measuring levels at a specific frequency, the R&S FSH offers the receiver mode as an option (option R&S FSH-K3). With this option, the R&S FSH functions like a receiver that measures the level at a predefined frequency.
Page 86 R&S FSH Operation in Receiver Mode Selecting the frequency step size: The frequency resolution in the receiver mode is 100 Hz. The tuned step size can be changed as required for the application Press the FREQ key. Press the FREQ STEPSIZE softkey. Set the required step size in the selection table.
Page 87 Operation in Receiver Mode R&S FSH Direct entry of a channel table: If the channel display is active (CHANNEL MODE softkey active in the FREQ menu), press the CHANNEL TABLE softkey. Press the SELECT USER TAB softkey. The R&S FSH will use the last channel table that was entered directly. Press the DEFINE USER TAB softkey.
Page 88 R&S FSH Operation in Receiver Mode Selecting the bandwidth: The receiver mode provides the same bandwidths as in analyzer operation. In addition, the three bandwidths 200 Hz, 9 kHz and 120 kHz are available for EMI measurements in accordance with CISPR16.
Page 89 Operation in Receiver Mode R&S FSH Scanning in the receiver mode: In the receiver mode, the R&S FSH can scan across a defined number of frequencies and graphically display the results. It performs a measurement at each frequency for the defined measurement time. Press the SPAN softkey.
Page 90: Measuring The Carrier-To-Noise Ratio
R&S FSH Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (Available as of firmware version 8.0 or higher.) The R&S FSH offers a carrier/noise measurement for measuring the ratio of carrier power to noise power. It performs the measurement in two steps. First, the carrier power of a transmission channel is measured or a reference power determined which is then used for C/N calculation.
Page 91: Reference Power/Reference Level
Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio R&S FSH Reference power/reference level To determine the reference, you need to enter the type of reference measurement, the reference channel and the channel bandwidth of the reference channel. Selecting the reference measurement: Press the SELECT MEASURE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the desired measurement method to determine the reference carrier power (Digital Tx, Analog TV or CW Tx) and confirm your choice with the ENTER key or the F1 softkey.
Page 92: Measuring The Noise Power
R&S FSH Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio Measuring the noise power Enter an unoccupied transmission channel and its channel bandwidth to determine the noise power. Selecting the result display: Press the SELECT MEASURE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the desired result display (C/N or C/N ) and confirm your choice with the ENTER key or the F1 softkey.
Page 93: Saving And Recalling Settings And Test Results
Saving and Recalling Settings and Test Results R&S FSH Saving and Recalling Settings and Test Results Instrument settings and results can be saved to the R&S FSH’s internal CMOS RAM. Results and settings are always stored together, allowing them to be interpreted in context when recalled. The R&S FSH can store a maximum of 100 data sets, each with a unique name.
Page 94: Saving Calibration Data
This, of course, reduces the maximum number of data sets that can be saved. With the R&S FSH6 and R&S FSH3 model 23 (from serial number 102314), you can now also save the calibration data for the vector measurement of the transmission or of the reflection.
Page 95: Recalling Measurement Results
Saving and Recalling Settings and Test Results R&S FSH Recalling Measurement Results Use the R&S FSH’s recall function to review previously saved measurement results and settings. Press the SAVE / PRINT key. Press the RECALL softkey. A list of all saved data sets opens. The red selection bar marks the last data set to be saved.
Page 96: Printing Out Measurement Results
R&S FSH Printing Out Measurement Results Printing Out Measurement Results The R&S FSH can send screenshots to a printer equipped with a serial interface. The type of printer and the baud rate of the serial interface can be defined in the setup menu (SETUP key) by using the GENERAL softkey and selecting 'PRINTER BAUD...' and 'PRINTER TYPE...' from the menu.
Page 97: Operation
R&S FSH Screen Layout 3 Operation Screen Layout Screen layout for spectrum-mode measurements without markers Trigger Trace mode Parameter Detector uncoupled display display display Display of resolution bandwidth (RBW), Reference video bandwidth (VBW) and level display sweep time (SWT) Invalid-trace symbol Grid Level-axis scale...
Page 98: Screen Layout When The Marker Mode Is Selected
Screen Layout R&S FSH Screen layout when the marker mode is selected Marker-value Display: readout Setting not coupled Marker Delta marker Selected menu item Softkey menu Softkey activated Softkey function on for entry The colour of the softkey labelling and its background indicate the status of the softkey function in question: Softkey colour Meaning...
Page 99: Entering Measurement Parameters
R&S FSH Entering Measurement Parameters Entering Measurement Parameters Settings and texts are entered either by directly calling the functions or by entering values, units or texts separately. The R&S FSH has a variety of operating modes. Alphanumeric Rotary knob keypad Unit keys BACK key Cursor keys...
Page 100: Entering Units
Entering Measurement Parameters R&S FSH Entering units To enter a unit for a value entry, terminate the entry with a unit key. Use the unit keys down the right- hand side of the alphanumeric keypad. These keys have multiple assignments which depend on the unit entry expected by the R&S FSH.
Page 101: Menu Overview
R&S FSH Menu Overview Menu Overview Frequency entry CENTER START STOP FREQ FREQ FREQ STEPSIZE FREQ FREQ OFFSET 0.1 x SPAN =CENTER MANUAL... Frequency span MANUAL FULL ZERO LAST SPAN SPAN SPAN SPAN SPAN Level setting AMPT RANGE UNIT OFFSET INPUT 10 dB/DIV 5 dB/DIV...
Page 102: Sweep
Menu Overview R&S FSH Sweep MANUAL AUTO CONT SINGLE SWEEP TRIGGER SWPTIME SWPTIME SWEEP SWEEP FREE RUN VIDEO... EXTERN EXTERN DELAY... Trace setting TRACE TRACE-> SHOW TRACE DETECTOR ZOOM MODE MEMORY MEMORY CLEAR/WRITE AUTO COUPLED AVERAGE AUTO PEAK MIN HOLD MIN PEAK MAX HOLD MAX PEAK...
Page 103: Measurement Functions
R&S FSH Menu Overview Measurement functions TRANS LIMIT DISPLAY MEAS MEASURE DUCER LINES LINE ANALYZER RECEIVER TRACKING GEN POWER SENSOR CARRIER / NOISE CHANNEL POWER DISTANCE TO FAULT OCCUPIED BW REFLECTION TDMA POWER SPECTRUM DISTANCE TO FAULT ISOTROPIC ANTENNA CABLE CABLE MEAS LIST...
Page 104 Menu Overview R&S FSH Power meter menus Transducer menus TRANS LIMIT DISPLAY MEAS MEASURE DUCER LINES LINE TRANSD TRD'S EXIT TRANSD TRANSD LIST -> SELECT EXIT PRINTER 1145.5973.12 E-14 深圳市盛腾仪器仪表有限公司 Tel:0755-83589391 Fax:0755-83539691 Website: www.Sengt.com...
Page 105 R&S FSH Menu Overview Limit line menus TRANS LIMIT DISPLAY MEAS MEASURE DUCER LINES LINE BEEP... MESSAGE... UPPER LOWER LIMITS EXIT OPTIONS LIMIT LIMIT LIMIT LIST -> SELECT EXIT PRINTER VSWR EXIT OPTIONS LIMIT Smith Chart Option FSH-K2 BEEP... MESSAGE... Menus for measurements with isotropic sensor 1145.5973.12 E-14...
Page 106: Markers
Menu Overview R&S FSH Markers Analyzer mode: DELTA MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER MODE DEMOD PEAK NORMAL NEXT PEAK NOISE MINIMUM FREQ COUNT CENTER = MRK FREQ TIME... MULTIMARKER REF LVL = MRK LVL VOLUME... ALL MKR TO PEAK Analyzer mode, multimarker switched on: DELTA MARKER...
Page 107 R&S FSH Menu Overview Distance-to-fault mode (option R&S FSH-B1), multimarker switched on: DISTANCE MARKER MARKER MKR LIST MARKER MARKER OFFSET MARKER MODE VIEW D1: PEAK NORMAL MARKER 1 D1: NEXT PEAK NOISE MARKER 2 D1: MINIMUM FREQ COUNT MARKER 3 CENTER = MRK FREQ MULTI MARKER MARKER 4...
Page 108: Save And Print Menu
Menu Overview R&S FSH Save and print menu SAVE/ SCREEN-> SAVE DELETE RECALL PRINT PRINTER DELETE LIST -> DELETE EXIT RECALL PRINTER SCREEN-> EXIT ACTIVATE {Data Set Name} PRINTER Instrument setup LOCAL SETUP -> HARDWARE SETUP GENERAL DISPLAY SETUP SETTINGS PRINTER ACCESSORY LANGUAGE...
Page 109: Menus In The Receiver Mode (Option R&S Fsh-K3)
R&S FSH Menus in the Receiver Mode (Option R&S FSH-K3) Menus in the Receiver Mode (Option R&S FSH-K3) Main menu: TRANS LIMIT DISPLAY MEAS MEASURE DUCER LINES LINE ANALYZER RECEIVER TRACKING GEN POWER SENSOR CHANNEL POWER OCCUPIED BW TDMA POWER DISTANCE TO FAULT BAND MEAS...
Page 110 Menus in the Receiver Mode (Option R&S FSH-K3) R&S FSH SPAN key Frequency entry: FIXED FREQ SCAN SCAN SCAN SPAN FREQ SCAN START STOP STEP Frequency scan: FIXED FREQ SCAN SCAN SCAN SPAN FREQ SCAN START STOP STEP Channel entry: FIXED CHANNEL FREQ...
Page 111 R&S FSH Menus in the Receiver Mode (Option R&S FSH-K3) Sweep key MEAS CONT SINGLE SWEEP TRIGGER TIME SCAN SCAN FREE RUN VIDEO... EXTERN EXTERN DELAY... Trace key Measurement at a fixed frequency: TRACE TRACE-> SHOW TRACE TRACE DETECTOR MODE MEMORY MEMORY STYLE...
Page 112: Menu For 3Gpp Bts Code Domain Power Measurement (Option R&S Fsh-K4)
Menus in the Receiver Mode (Option R&S FSH-K3) R&S FSH Menu for 3GPP BTS Code Domain Power Measurement (Option R&S FSH-K4) 1145.5973.12 3.16 E-14 深圳市盛腾仪器仪表有限公司 Tel:0755-83589391 Fax:0755-83539691 Website: www.Sengt.com...
Page 113: Instrument Functions
R&S FSH Instrument Default Setup 4 Instrument Functions Instrument Default Setup When you press the PRESET key, the R&S FSH is set to its default setup or presets. It is best to select the PRESET when you are going to perform a new measurement task. The new settings can then be made on the basis of the more familiar default setup without the old settings affecting the measurement.
Page 114: Setting The Frequency
Setting the Frequency R&S FSH Setting the Frequency The R&S FSH's frequency is set with the FREQ key. The frequency can be specified in terms of the center frequency (center freq. = frequency at the center of the frequency axis in the measurement diagram) or the start and stop frequency for a particular span.
Page 115: Entering The Center-Frequency Step Size
R&S FSH Setting the Frequency Positive frequency offset is possible in the 10 Hz to 100 GHz range, in 10 Hz steps. The size of the negative frequency offset permitted depends on the start frequency setting; the start frequency, taking into account the frequency offset, is always 0 Hz.
Page 116: Entering The Start And Stop Frequency
The new stop frequency is now set on the R&S FSH. If you enter a stop frequency on the R&S FSH3 which is greater than 3 GHz, or you reach the 3 GHz limit with the rotary knob or the cursor keys, the R&S FSH3 outputs the message "Maximum reached".
Page 117 R&S FSH Setting the Frequency The R&S FSH opens the list of channel tables loaded via R&S FSH View. Select the desired channel table with the rotary knob or the cursor keys and switch it on with the SELECT softkey. The channel number together with the name of the selected channel table (e.g.
Page 118: Setting The Span
CANCEL key. Use the FULL SPAN softkey to select the full span from 0 Hz to 3 GHz (R&S FSH3), from 0 Hz to 6 GHz (R&S FSH6) or from 0 Hz to 18 GHz (R&S FSH18) with a single keystroke.
Page 119: Setting The Amplitude Parameters
R&S FSH increases due to the increased attenuation before the input mixer. In the R&S FSH3 models 1145.5850.03 and 1145.5850.23 and in the R&S FSH6, not only the RF attenuation, but also the preamplifier, if switched on, is coupled to the reference level setting.
Page 120: Setting The Reference Level
Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH scale with LIN 0-100 %. The level is expressed as a percentage (0 % to 100 %) of the reference level. This mode is useful if you want to display, for example, a carrier being amplitude modulated in the time domain (SPAN = 0 Hz).
Page 121: Entering The Display Range
R&S FSH Setting the Amplitude Parameters Entering the display range Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE softkey. A submenu opens. The various options for scaling the level axis are displayed. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the scaling option you want and confirm by pressing the ENTER key.
Page 122: Entering The Reference Offset
Setting the Amplitude Parameters R&S FSH Entering the reference offset Press the AMPT key. Press the REF OFFSET softkey. Using the number keys, enter a reference offset and terminate the entry with one of the unit keys or the ENTER key, or Change the reference level using the rotary knob or the cursor keys.
Page 123: Setting The Bandwidths
1 kHz) the sweep time must be increased by a factor of 100. The R&S FSH has resolution bandwidths from 1 kHz to 1 MHz in a 1, 3, 10 sequence. The R&S FSH3 models 1145.5850.03 and 1145.5850.23, the R&S FSH6 and the R&S FSH18 provide in addition the resolution bandwidths 100 Hz and 300 Hz.
Page 124 Setting the Bandwidths R&S FSH Operating sequence: Press the BW key. Resolution bandwidth Resolution bandwidth The menu for setting the bandwidth opens. If the uncoupled display default setting is activated, the softkey label for automatically setting the bandwidth is highlighted in green.
Page 125: Video Bandwidth
R&S FSH Setting the Bandwidths Video bandwidth The video bandwidth smoothes the trace by reducing noise. When the filtered IF signal is envelope- detected, an IF sine signal becomes a DC voltage in the video signal. If the sine signal is amplitude- modulated, a signal whose frequency is the same as the AM frequency is produced in the video signal apart from the DC voltage from the carrier.
Page 126 Setting the Bandwidths R&S FSH Operating sequence: Press the BW key. The menu for setting bandwidths opens. When the default setting has been selected, the softkey label for setting the bandwidth automatically is highlighted in green. Press the MANUAL VIDEO BW softkey. The softkey label is highlighted in red and the video bandwidth value entry box (VBW) indicates the current bandwidth.
Page 127: Setting The Sweep
R&S FSH automatically adapts the minimum sweep time in the coupled mode. For the maximum span of 3 GHz in the R&S FSH3, a minimum sweep time of 100 ms is required. Correspondingly, it is 200 ms or 600 ms for the maximum span of the R&S FSH6 or R&S FSH18.
Page 128: Sweep Mode
Setting the Sweep R&S FSH Sweep mode When the default settings are activated, the R&S FSH is in the continuous sweep mode, i.e. when one sweep of the span has been completed, the sweep is automatically repeated from the start of the span. The trace is refreshed after each sweep.
Page 129 R&S FSH Setting the Sweep Operating sequence: Press the SWEEP key. Press the TRIGGER softkey. The submenu for setting the trigger opens. If the default setting is selected, FREE RUN is highlighted in red. If span = 0 Hz, any setting can be selected; otherwise the settings VIDEO...
Page 130 Setting the Sweep R&S FSH The trigger delay resolution depends on the delay selected. The table below lists the values: Trigger delay (DELAY) Resolution 0 to 1 ms 10 Os 1 ms to 10 ms 100 Os 10 ms to 100 ms 1 ms 100 ms to 1 s 10 ms...
Page 131: Trace Settings
R&S FSH Trace Settings Trace Settings The R&S FSH provides one measurement trace and a reference trace in memory. Trace mode A variety of display modes can be selected for the trace: • CLEAR/WRITE The R&S FSH clears the old trace during a new sweep. This is the default setting.
Page 132: Detector
Trace Settings R&S FSH If TRACE MODE AVERAGE is selected, the AVG COUNT entry field opens, which displays the set number of averagings. The following actions can be performed: Confirm the displayed number of averagings with the TRACE softkey or the ENTER key. Using the numeric keypad, enter a new figure between 2 and 999 for specifying the number of averagings and confirm your entry with the TRACE...
Page 133 R&S FSH Trace Settings • SAMPLE The Sample detector does not “summarize” any aspect of the spectrum which is available in its complete form in the R&S FSH, but instead shows only one arbitrary measurement point within a pixel. The Sample detector should always be used for measurements with span = 0 Hz, as this is the only way of correctly representing the timing of the video signal.
Page 134: Trace Memory
Trace Settings R&S FSH Operating sequence: Press the TRACE key. Press the DETECTOR softkey. The submenu for selecting the detector opens. If automatic operation has been selected, the AUTO COUPLED menu item is highlighted in green and the R&S FSH displays the detector that is set to match the trace mode that is set.
Page 135: Trace Mathematics
R&S FSH Trace Settings Note: The memory trace is bit-mapped into the picture memory. Therefore, when the memory trace is recalled, it will not be adapted to any modifications of the reference level or span that may have been made in the meantime. When a stored data set is called, the R&S FSH stores the associated trace in the trace memory.
Page 136: Using The Markers
Using the Markers R&S FSH Using the Markers The R&S FSH has a marker and a delta marker to make it easier to read off trace values. The markers cannot leave the trace and indicate the frequency and level of the point they are positioned on. The frequency indicated by a marker is shown by a vertical line which extends from the top to the bottom of the measurement diagram.
Page 137: Automatic Marker Positioning
R&S FSH Using the Markers Controlling the delta marker: Press the MARKER key. Press the DELTA softkey. The R&S FSH turns on the delta marker and places it on the second largest signal on the trace. The frequency and level displayed at the top of the screen are relative to the main marker, i.e.
Page 138 Using the Markers R&S FSH Operating sequence: Press the MARKER key. Press the SET MARKER softkey. Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the function you want. Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the SET MARKER softkey. The R&S FSH then performs the action you have selected.
Page 139: Using More Than One Marker At A Time (Multimarker Mode)
R&S FSH Using the Markers Deactivating the marker search range: If a marker search range is activated, the LIMIT RANGE menu item in the SEARCH RANGE LIMITS menu is highlighted in green. Press the SET MARKER softkey to deactivate the marker search range. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select SEARCH RANGE LIMITS.
Page 140 Using the Markers R&S FSH Press the MARKER or DELTA softkey. The R&S FSH opens a list for selecting the marker or delta marker to be edited. The markers that are already switched on are highlighted in green. The (delta) marker numbers already allocated to a (delta) marker are deactivated, i.e.
Page 141 R&S FSH Using the Markers In addition, it is possible to position all activated markers (M1 to M6) at the peak of a trace. In the SET MARKER menu, select ALL MKR TO PEAK and confirm this with the ENTER key or the SET MARKER softkey.
Page 142: Marker Functions
Using the Markers R&S FSH Deactivating all markers or delta markers: Press the MARKER or DELTA softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select ALL MARKERS OFF or DELTA OFF. Press the ENTER key or the MARKER or DELTA softkey to deactivate all markers or delta markers.
Page 143: Measuring The Frequency
R&S FSH Using the Markers and the four pixels to the left of the marker pixel. Noise power density can provide useful information when measurements are made on noise or digitally modulated signals. However, valid results are obtained only if the spectrum in the vicinity of the marker has a flat frequency response. The function gives incorrect results if measurements are made on discrete signals.
Page 144: Af Demodulation
Using the Markers R&S FSH AF demodulation The R&S FSH has an AM and FM demodulator for audiomonitoring signals. The demodulated AF signal can be listened to with headphones (supplied accessories). The headphones are connected to the 3.5 mm jack on the left-hand side of the carrying handle. As the R&S FSH makes the uncontrolled video voltage audible in the case of AM demodulation, it is advisable to set the reference level so that the level of the signal to be demodulated is near the reference level.
Page 145: Using The Display Line
R&S FSH Using the Display Line Using the Display Line In addition to the markers, the R&S FSH provides a horizontal line for determining the signal level in the display. Press the MEAS key. Press the DISPLAY LINE softkey. The R&S FSH displays a horizontal line across the entire diagram.
Page 146: Setting And Using The Measurement Functions
Setting and Using the Measurement Functions R&S FSH Setting and Using the Measurement Functions If you want to perform complex measurements, the R&S FSH provides measurement functions which perform certain measurement tasks with a minimum of keystrokes or, in conjunction with various accessories, will allow you to perform advanced measurements.
Page 147: Selecting The Standard
R&S FSH Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals The R&S FSH displays the softkey menu for setting the channel power measurement. Two vertical lines in the measurement diagram indicate the channel bandwidth. The measured channel power is shown in large letters below the measurement diagram.
Page 148 Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals R&S FSH • The video bandwidth must be at least three times the resolution bandwidth. This prevents incorrect results due to the compression of signal peaks by the video filter. • The RMS detector is recommended. This ensures that the true power is always obtained irrespective of the shape of the signal being investigated.
Page 149: Setting The Reference Level
R&S FSH Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals Using the R&S FSH View control software, additional standards can be generated and permanently loaded into the R&S FSH. You can also delete the factory-set standards provided in the instrument if you do not need them.
Page 150: Changing The Span
R&S FSH will automatically set 8.33 kHz and output the message “Out of range”. With the R&S FSH3 model 1145.5850.23 and with the R&S FSH6 / R&S FSH18, the minimum channel bandwidth is 833 Hz at a span of 1 kHz.
Page 151: Power Display
R&S FSH Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals The largest permissible span for the channel power measurement is ten times the channel bandwidth. At larger spans, the result of the channel power measurement would be increasingly imprecise, because too few points of the trace occur in the channel to be measured. Press the AUTO SPAN softkey to again set the optimum span.
Page 152 Measuring the channel power of continuously modulated signals R&S FSH Unit for power display: The R&S FSH can use different units for power output. The basic unit is dBm. Press the PWR UNIT softkey. The R&S FSH opens the submenu with the units: dBm, dBmV and dBOV.
Page 153: Power Measurements On Tdma Signals
R&S FSH Power measurements on TDMA signals Power measurements on TDMA signals When TDMA (time division multiple access) methods are used, e.g. for GSM, several users share a channel. Each user is assigned a period of time or timeslot. The R&S FSH’s TDMA POWER function measures the power over one of these timeslots.
Page 154 Power measurements on TDMA signals R&S FSH Press the STANDARD softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the USER menu item. Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the STANDARD softkey. The USER STANDARD settings that have already been stored are set on the R&S FSH.
Page 155: Setting The Measurement Time
R&S FSH Power measurements on TDMA signals Setting the measurement time The measurement time (MEAS TIME) is the time over which the R&S FSH performs a power measurement. A value less than or equal to the sweep time can be selected. Press the MEAS TIME softkey.
Page 156: Power Readout
Power measurements on TDMA signals R&S FSH Power readout The R&S FSH displays the measured power at the bottom of the measurement diagram (Power = nn.nn dBm). Usually the trace is not obscured. However, if the trace is in this area of the screen, the power readout can be removed from the screen.
Page 157: Measuring The Occupied Bandwidth
R&S FSH Measuring the occupied bandwidth Measuring the occupied bandwidth Ensuring the proper operation of a transmission network requires that all transmitters adhere to the bandwidths assigned to them. The occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth that contains a specified percent of the entire power of the transmitter.
Page 158: Selecting A Standard
Measuring the occupied bandwidth R&S FSH Selecting a standard The R&S FSH offers a default for measuring the occupied bandwidth for different standards. It is also possible to define and save user-specific configurations. Press the STANDARD softkey. A table with the available standards opens. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the appropriate standard.
Page 159: Setting The Reference Level
R&S FSH Measuring the occupied bandwidth Renaming the USER standard: The setting for the USER standard can be assigned a user-defined name. The name entered as the USER standard also appears on the screen, thus making it possible to document the setting along with the measurement.
Page 160: Setting The Channel Bandwidth
Measuring the occupied bandwidth R&S FSH Press the LEVEL ADJUST softkey. The R&S FSH starts the measurement of the optimal reference level using a resolution bandwidth of 1 MHz, a video bandwidth of 1 MHz and the peak detector. While the measurement is in progress, the R&S FSH outputs the message “Adjusting level for OBW measurement, please wait...
Page 161: Entering The Power Percent To Determine The Occupied Bandwidth
R&S FSH Measuring the occupied bandwidth Entering the power percent to determine the occupied bandwidth Press the % PWR BW softkey. The R&S FSH will open a field for entering the power percent relative to the total span power which defines the occupied bandwidth (percent of total power).
Page 162: Changing The Span
Measuring the occupied bandwidth R&S FSH Changing the span The span set by the R&S FSH normally yields optimum measurement results. In some cases, however, a larger span needs to be selected. This is the case, for example, when the area outside the span that is automatically set contains signal components that need to be included in the measurement.
Page 163: Measuring The Carrier-To-Noise Ratio
R&S FSH Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (Available as of firmware version 8.0 or higher.) The R&S FSH offers a carrier/noise measurement for measuring the ratio of carrier power to noise power. The R&S FSH performs the measurement in two steps. First, it measures the carrier power of a transmission channel, or you determine a reference power which is then used for C/N calculation.
Page 164: Determining The Reference
Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio R&S FSH The major measurement parameter settings are available directly in the main menu of the carrier/noise measurement entered using corresponding function keys. Determining the reference Before the carrier-to-noise power ratio can be determined, the reference power or the reference level must be specified.
Page 165: Analog Tv Mode
R&S FSH Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio ANALOG TV mode In the ANALOG TV operating mode, the maximum power in the reference channel is measured. It is then used as the carrier power (reference) for determining the carrier-to-noise ratio. To measure the peak power of the vision carrier, the settings for span, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth and sweep time are optimally preset by the R&S FSH.
Page 166: Manual Reference Mode
Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio R&S FSH • The video bandwidth of the recommended peak detector must be at least as wide as the resolution bandwidth. If the RMS detector is used, the video bandwidth must be at least three times the resolution bandwidth.
Page 167: Setting The Reference Channel Bandwidth
R&S FSH Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio Press the REF MEASURE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the desired entry and confirm your choice with the ENTER key or the F4 softkey. Using the numeric keypad, enter the channel or frequency of the desired reference channel.
Page 168: Setting The Analyzer Reference Level For The Reference Channel Measurement
If you attempt to enter a smaller channel bandwidth, the R&S FSH will automatically set 8.33 kHz and output the message "Limit exceeded". With the R&S FSH3 model 1145.5850.23, the R&S FSH6 and the R&S FSH18, the minimum channel bandwidth is 833 Hz.
Page 169: Inserting The C/N Reference
R&S FSH Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio Inserting the C/N reference If the reference measurement has been activated, the R&S FSH inserts the reference power or the reference level at the bottom of the measurement diagram. Usually this does not obscure the trace. However, if the trace is in this area of the screen, the reference display can be blanked out.
Page 170: Setting The Noise Channel
Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio R&S FSH To determine the C/N power ratio, the measured noise channel power is set in relation to the reference. carrier/noise = reference/noise channel power The settings span, resolution bandwidth, video bandwidth and sweep time are coupled to the channel bandwidth and are optimally set by the R&S FSH.
Page 171: Setting The Noise Channel Bandwidth
If you attempt to enter a smaller channel bandwidth, the R&S FSH will automatically set 8.33 kHz and output the message "Limit exceeded". With the R&S FSH3 model 1145.5850.23, the R&S FSH6 and the R&S FSH18, the minimum channel bandwidth is 833 Hz.
Page 172: Selecting The C/N Result Display
Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio R&S FSH Selecting the C/N result display The R&S FSH either displays the carrier/noise power ratio referenced to the total noise channel power C/N or referenced to the noise power density C/No. It calculates the noise power density from the set noise channel bandwidth.
Page 173: Changing The Span
R&S FSH Measuring the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio Changing the span The span set by the R&S FSH yields extremely precise measurement results. However, signals in the environment of the measurement channel can now no longer be detected. To give you an overview of the spectrum outside the measurement channel, the span can be changed up to a factor of ten times the channel bandwidth during the channel power measurement.
Page 174: Using The R&S Fsh In Receiver Mode
Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode R&S FSH Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode (only available if option R&S FSH-K3 is installed) The receiver mode (option R&S FSH-K3) is used for measuring levels on individual frequencies. In this mode, the R&S FSH functions as a receiver and measures the level on a prescribed frequency.
Page 175: Setting The Frequency
R&S FSH Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode Setting the frequency The frequency is set either in the main menu of the receiver mode or by using the FREQ key. Frequency entry is active immediately after the receiver mode has been called. The receiving frequency can be changed with the rotary knob, the cursor keys or by entering a numeric value.
Page 176 Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode R&S FSH Frequency tuning in channel spacings: For measurement in channel spacings, it is possible to enter a frequency channel instead of the frequency. A simple channel table can be defined directly from the R&S FSH's front panel. Complicated channel tables, e.g.
Page 177: Setting The Reference Level
R&S FSH Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode To define a user table, proceed as follows: Press the FREQ key. Press the CHANNEL TABLE softkey. Press the SELECT USER TAB softkey. Press the DEFINE USER TAB softkey. The R&S FSH opens the submenu for entering the different parameters of the channel table.
Page 178: Setting The Bandwidth
Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode R&S FSH Setting the reference level in the amplitude menu: Press the AMPT key. Press the REF LEVEL softkey. Change the reference level setting with the cursor keys or the rotary knob, or enter a new reference level via the numeric keypad.
Page 179: Setting The Detector
R&S FSH Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode Setting the detector The following detectors are available in the receiver mode: Peak The peak detector displays the highest level during the set measurement time. Average The average detector displays the linear average of the measurement signal within the selected measurement time.
Page 180: Measurement On Multiple Frequencies Or Channels (Scan)
Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode R&S FSH Measurement on multiple frequencies or channels (scan) In a scan, the R&S FSH sequentially measures the levels in predefined channels and graphically displays the measurement results. The length of time the scan dwells on a frequency is determined by the measurement time.
Page 181 R&S FSH Using the R&S FSH in receiver mode Press the FREQ key. Press the CHANNEL MODE softkey. Press the SPAN key. Press the CHANNEL SCAN key. The R&S FSH now scans across the channels of the active channel table. The frequency range for the scan is set using the START SCAN and STOP SCAN softkeys.
Page 182: Measurements Using The Power Sensor
Measurements using the power sensor R&S FSH Measurements using the power sensor For even more accurate power measurements, the R&S FSH can be used with the Power Sensors R&S FSH-Z1 and R&S FSH-Z18. Their frequency ranges are 10 MHz to 8 GHz and 10 MHz to 18 GHz, respectively.
Page 183 R&S FSH Measurements using the power sensor Operating sequence: Press the MEAS key. Press the MEASURE softkey. The measurement function submenu opens. Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the POWER SENSOR menu item and confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the MEASURE softkey.
Page 184: Zeroing The Power Sensor
Measurements using the power sensor R&S FSH Screen layout for power-sensor measurements: Power offset Measurement time Power sensor type in use Reference for relative power measurement Readout of measured power 0 dBm marker for sensor input level Analog readout of measured power Measurement frequency...
Page 185: Selecting The Unit For The Power Readout
R&S FSH Measurements using the power sensor Press the ZERO softkey. The R&S FSH outputs a message to tell the user not to apply any signals to the power sensor when zeroing is being performed. Disconnect the power sensor from any signal sources.
Page 186: Setting The Averaging Time
Measurements using the power sensor R&S FSH Press the ->REF softkey. The R&S FSH sets the current measured level as the reference level and from then on displays the measured level relative to the reference level in dB. The unit (UNIT) is automatically set to dB REL..The reference level is shown in the top left-hand corner of the screen (in this case Ref: -10.4 dBm).
Page 187 R&S FSH Measurements using the power sensor Press the AMPT key. Press the REF OFFSET softkey. The value entry box for the reference offset opens. Using the rotary knob, the cursor keys or the number keys enter the offset you want and confirm the entry with the ENTER key.
Page 188: Measuring Forward And Reflected Power
Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH Measuring forward and reflected power The Directional Power Sensors R&S FSH-Z14 and R&S FSH-Z44 are connected between the source and the load and measure the power flow in both directions, i.e. from the source to the load (forward power) and from the load to the source (reflected power).
Page 189 R&S FSH Measuring forward and reflected power Operating sequence: Press the MEAS key. Press the MEASURE softkey. The measurement functions submenu opens. Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the POWER SENSOR menu item and confirm with the ENTER key or the MEASURE softkey.
Page 190: Zeroing The Power Sensor
Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH Screen layout for measurements with Directional Power Sensors R&S FSH-Z14/-Z44: Selected transmission Power offset standard Display of the power Reference display sensor type for relative power measurement Readout of matching Readout of forward value (VSWR or return power (dBm, W or loss)
Page 191: Setting The Power Measurement Weighting
R&S FSH Measuring forward and reflected power Press the ZERO softkey. The R&S FSH outputs a message to inform the user that no signal should be present at the power sensor input while zeroing is being performed. Disconnect the power sensor from any signal sources.
Page 192: Selecting The Unit For The Power Readout
Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH Selecting the unit for the power readout The R&S FSH displays the measured forward power as a logarithmic level value in dBm (relative value) or as a linear value in W or mW (absolute value). Moreover, a reference level can be defined relative to which the R&S FSH indicates the level difference in dB.
Page 193 R&S FSH Measuring forward and reflected power Press the ->REF softkey. The R&S FSH accepts the currently measured level as the reference level and displays the measured level difference relative to the reference level in dB. The unit (UNIT) is automatically set to dB REL..The reference level is displayed in the upper left corner of the screen (in this case: Ref: -4.8 dBm).
Page 194: Taking Additional Attenuation Into Account
Measuring forward and reflected power R&S FSH Taking additional attenuation into account When the directional power sensor is connected to a test point not directly but via a cable, the influence of cable attenuation can be taken into account. For this purpose, the cable attenuation for the measurement frequency in question is to be entered, i.e.
Page 195: Two-Port Measurements With The Tracking Generator
R&S FSH frequency. The nominal output level depends on the model as shown in the following table. Model Tracking generator output level Step attenuator R&S FSH3 (1145.5850.13) -20 dBm R&S FSH3 (1145.5850.23) -20 dBm / 0 dBm, switchable 0 to 20 dB / 1 dB steps (serial numbers 102314 and later) R&S FSH6 (1145.5850.26)
Page 196 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH 0 dB reference Tracking generator mode Softkey labeling for tracking generator Only models Softkeys for Softkey for switching 1145.5850.23 transmission & between scalar/vector 1145.5850.26 (Ser. No. reflection calibration meas., opt. R&S FSH-K2 100500 or later) When the tracking generator is switched on, the status display indicates Uncal.
Page 197: Measuring The Transmission Of Two-Ports
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the TG ATT softkey. Setting the tracking generator step attenuator: (Only model 1145.5850.26 with serial number 100500 or later; or model 1145.5850.23 with serial number 102314 or later, or model 1145.5850.60 with option B9).
Page 198 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Press the FREQ key. Using the number keys, enter the center frequency (380 MHz in this example). Press the SPAN key. Using the number keys, enter the span (25 MHz in this example). Scalar transmission measurement: Press the MEAS key.
Page 199 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Connect the DUT between the RF input and the generator's output. The R&S FSH displays the transmission magnitude. Values can be read off with, for example, the markers. The transmission calibration remains valid until the center frequency or the span is changed on the R&S FSH to such an extent that the new span falls outside the calibrated frequency range.
Page 200: Vector Transmission Measurement
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH The reference can also be shifted without increasing the input attenuation – for example, in order to move the trace to the center of the screen. This is done using the REF POSITION function. Press the AMPT key.
Page 201 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Calibrating the measurement: Before the R&S FSH is calibrated, the desired center frequency and span must be set. If they are set later, the calibration values are lost and the measurement must be recalibrated. Note: The calibration remains valid if the start frequency, stop frequency, center frequency and span are subsequently changed within the calibrated frequency range.
Page 202: Measuring The Transmission Magnitude
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Measuring the transmission magnitude Connect the DUT between the tracking generator output and the RF input. Press the MEAS MODE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select MAGNITUDE from the menu and confirm by pressing either the MEAS MODE softkey or the ENTER key.
Page 203 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator The UNWRAP function removes the restriction limiting the value range to ±180°. With this function, no more shifts will occur, and the phase can have any value from 0° to 54360°. You can activate the UNWRAP function as follows: Press the TRACE key.
Page 204 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH By using the numeric keys, you can enter a multiple of 45°. To confirm the entry, press the ENTER key or one of the units keys. Alternatively, you can set the scaling by using the rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm with the ENTER key.
Page 205: Measuring The Electrical Length When Measuring Transmission
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Measuring the electrical length when measuring transmission The electrical length is calculated from the phase delay designates the entire , where phase deviation over the entire frequency range. The electrical length is derived by = velocity of light.
Page 206: Measuring The Group Delay When Measuring Transmission
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Measuring the group delay when measuring transmission The R&S FSH can calculate the GROUP DELAY from the phase difference and frequency difference (aperture) of two test points and display it over the frequency. The group delay is defined as the negative derivation of the phase Z o ver the angular velocity .
Page 207 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Defining the span for the group delay measurement: Entering a reference value automatically defines the maximum group delay value that can be displayed. Press the AMPT key Press the REF softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, enter the reference value and confirm by pressing either the ENTER key or one of the units keys.
Page 208: Transmission Measurement Using The Connected Vswr Bridge R&S Fsh-Z3
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Transmission measurement using the connected VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z3 Some measurement tasks require that both the transmission and the reflection be determined. To eliminate having to repeatedly mount and dismount the VSWR bridge, the VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z3 (10 MHz to 6 GHz) includes a switch that bypasses the VSWR bridge and simultaneously switches the tracking generator signal to the output (Gen Output) of the VSWR bridge.
Page 209: Spectrum Measurements With The Vswr Bridge R&S Fsh-Z3 Or R&S Fsh-Z2 Connected
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Spectrum measurements with the VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z3 or R&S FSH-Z2 connected To localize interfering signals or to perform spectral evaluation of the DUT, it is useful to switch to the spectrum display. To eliminate having to dismount the VSWR bridge each time, a typical value for the insertion loss of the VSWR bridge is incorporated into the measurement.
Page 210: Setting For Detecting The R&S Fsh-Z3 In The Transmission And Spectrum Meas
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Setting for detecting the R&S FSH-Z3 in the transmission and spectrum measurement Operation: Press the SETUP key. Select the HARDWARE SETUP softkey. Select ACCESSORY from the menu by using the rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm the entry with the ENTER key.
Page 211: Supplying Dc Voltage To Active Duts
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Supplying DC voltage to active DUTs By using the VSWR Bridge R&S FSH-Z3, DC voltage can be supplied to active DUTs such as amplifiers through the integrated bias tees (BIAS 1 and BIAS 2) via the RF cable. The DC voltage is fed in from a suitable external power supply (max.
Page 212: Scalar Measurement Of Reflection
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Scalar measurement of reflection The test setup must be calibrated before any measurements are made. This is done with a short and an open at the point were the reflection measurement is to be made. If a cable is to be inserted between the DUT and the bridge, perform the calibration at the measurement end of the cable.
Page 213 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Connect the DUT to the measurement port of the VSWR bridge. The R&S FSH displays the return loss of the DUT. Entering the display unit: Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE softkey. The submenu for selecting the display ranges will open.
Page 214: Vector Measurement Of Reflection
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH The reflection calibration remains valid until the center frequency or the span is changed on the R&S FSH to such an extent that the new span falls outside the calibrated frequency range. Uncal is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the screen when calibration is no longer valid.
Page 215 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Calibration: Before the R&S FSH is calibrated, the desired center frequency and span must be set. If they are set later, the calibration values are lost and the calibration must be repeated. Press the REFLECT CAL softkey.
Page 216 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH When calibration is over, the R&S FSH outputs the message "Reflect. calibrated" for three seconds. FSH-Z2: Magnitude refl. is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the diagram as a function of the VSWR bridge used.
Page 217: Measuring The Reflection Magnitude
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Measuring the reflection magnitude Connect the DUT to the test port of the VSWR bridge. Press the MEAS MODE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select MAGNITUDE from the menu and confirm by pressing either the MEAS MODE softkey or the ENTER key.
Page 218: Measuring The Electrical Length When Measuring Reflection
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Measuring the electrical length when measuring reflection For more information see the section "Measuring the electrical length when measuring transmission." Press the MEAS MODE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select PHASE from the menu and confirm by pressing either the MEAS MODE softkey or the ENTER key.
Page 219: Displaying The Reflection In The Smith Chart
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Displaying the reflection in the Smith chart Press the MEAS MODE softkey. Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select SMITH CHART from the menu. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or by pressing the MEAS MODE softkey again.
Page 220 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Selecting the marker format: Press the MARKER MODE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select MARKER FORMAT from the menu and confirm by pressing either the MARKER FORMAT softkey or the ENTER key.
Page 221 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Defining the reference impedance By default, the Smith chart is standardized to an impedance of 50 . In other words, the matching point in the center of the Smith chart corresponds exactly to 50 . However, reflection measurements using suitable matching networks and calibration standards can also be carried out in systems with different impedance values.
Page 222 Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH To activate the VSWR limit value: If starting from the main menu for the tracking generator, press the MEAS key. If starting from any other menu, press the MEAS key twice. Press the LIMIT LINES softkey. The R&S FSH displays the menu for limit values in a Smith chart representation.
Page 223 R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Zooming in on parts of the Smith chart: To gain a better look at the measurement results, you can use the zoom function to enlarge any part of the Smith chart. To activate the zoom function: Press the TRACE key.
Page 224: Measuring The Group Delay When Measuring Reflection
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH To shift in the y direction: Press the MOVE Y softkey. Set a value from -50% to +50% by using the rotary knob or cursor keys or by entering a numeric value. Confirm the selection with the ENTER key or the MOVE Y softkey.
Page 225: Spectrum Measurements With The Vswr Bridge R&S Fsh-Z3 Or R&S Fsh-Z2 Connected
R&S FSH Two-port measurements with the tracking generator Using the numeric keys, enter a suitable value for the aperture. To confirm, press the ENTER key or one of the units keys. Alternatively, you can adjust the aperture value using the rotary knob or cursor keys and confirm with the ENTER key.
Page 226: Settings For Detection Of The R&S Fsh-Z2 And R&S Fsh-Z3
Two-port measurements with the tracking generator R&S FSH Settings for detection of the R&S FSH-Z2 and R&S FSH-Z3 Operation: Press the SETUP key. Select the HARDWARE SETUP softkey. Select ACCESSORY from the menu by using the rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm the entry with the ENTER key.
Page 227: One-Port Measurement Of Cable Loss
R&S FSH One-Port Measurement of Cable Loss One-Port Measurement of Cable Loss (Available only if the option R&S FSH-K2 is installed.) When measuring return loss at the end of short-circuited or open-circuit cables, cable loss can be calculated on the basis of the following aspect: A short circuit or an open circuit at the end of the cable completely reflects the traversing wave.
Page 228: Cable Measurements
Cable Measurements R&S FSH Cable Measurements (Only for R&S FSH with tracking generator and with option R&S FSH-B1 (Distance-To-Fault Measurements) installed). Measurements to determine the characteristics of cables to the antenna are key tasks when transmission equipment is being installed or maintained. Cable damage or bad connections have an adverse effect on the efficiency of the transmitter system.
Page 229: Cable Selection
R&S FSH Cable Measurements Calling the function: Press the MEAS key. Press the MEASURE softkey. The measurement function submenu opens. Using the cursor keys or the rotary knob, select the DISTANCE TO FAULT menu item and confirm your selection with the ENTER key or the MEAS softkey.
Page 230 Cable Measurements R&S FSH Selecting a cable model from a predefined list: Press the CABLE MODEL softkey. The R&S FSH displays the list of cable models. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the appropriate cable model. Using the softkey, activate the cable model you have selected.
Page 231 R&S FSH Cable Measurements Press the DEFINE USER MOD softkey. Select ATTENUATION... and confirm with the ENTER key. The current cable attenuation is displayed in the value entry box in dB/m or dB/ft, depending on the unit of length selected in the setup menu. Confirm the current cable attenuation with the ENTER key or enter a new cable attenuation and confirm with the ENTER key or the DEFINE USER...
Page 232: Selecting The Frequency Range
Cable Measurements R&S FSH If the cable attenuation exceeds 10 dB, the R&S FSH outputs a warning indicating that the cable attenuation high. also indicates maximum recommended cable length for obtaining accurate results. Pressing CONTINUE accepts the entry. Selecting the frequency range In the default setting, the R&S FSH automatically selects the frequency range around the set center frequency on the basis of the cable length and cable model.
Page 233: Calibrating The Test Setup
R&S FSH Cable Measurements Press the FREQ key. Using either the numeric keys, the cursor keys or the rotary knob, set the desired frequency. Confirm the entry with the ENTER key or the CENTER FREQ softkey. Calibrating the test setup The test setup must be calibrated before any measurements are performed.
Page 234 Cable Measurements R&S FSH When calibration is over, the R&S FSH displays DTF CAL in the upper right-hand corner of the screen. The REFLECT CAL softkey label is highlighted in green to indicate that calibration has been successfully completed. The trace displays cable reflections versus distance from the measurement plane.
Page 235 R&S FSH Cable Measurements To select the display unit: Press the AMPT key. Press the RANGE softkey. The R&S FSH will open the menu for selecting the display ranges. The following display units are available for distance-to-fault measurements: return loss in dB, linear in %, standing wave ration (VSWR), reflection coefficient (REFL COEFF (ROH)) and reflection coefficient (REFL COEFF (mROH)).
Page 236: Locating Cable Faults By Means Of The Marker Function
Cable Measurements R&S FSH Press the ENTER key or the LIST VIEW softkey again. The R&S FSH displays a table listing all the reflections that are above the threshold sorted according to distance from the measurement plane. To change the threshold for the table display, press the THRESHOLD softkey and enter the new value.
Page 237 R&S FSH Cable Measurements The reference plane to which the distance of a reflection is referred can be redefined using the marker offset. To define a new reference plane for the marker, press the MARKER OFFSET softkey. The R&S FSH turns on the distance marker (OFFSET) and places it on the start of the trace.
Page 238 Cable Measurements R&S FSH Set the marker on the cable fault to be examined. Press the MARKER MODE softkey. Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys, select the ZOOM ON menu item. Confirm with the ENTER key. The R&S FSH zooms the display of the cable fault by the factor 2.
Page 239: Measuring Spectrum And Reflection
R&S FSH Cable Measurements The following options are possible: Select the highlighted marker as the active marker by pressing the ENTER key. Select another marker by means of the rotary knob or the cursor keys and confirm your selection with the ENTER key.
Page 240: Further Information
Cable Measurements R&S FSH When SPECTRUM is selected, the R&S FSH turns off the tracking generator and displays the spectrum over the frequency range of the DTF measurement. To indicate that the R&S FSH is in the spectrum mode, DTF Spectrum is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the screen.
Page 241: Selecting The Center Frequency
R&S FSH Cable Measurements only as many points as permitted by the span that has been set. Thus, the length resolution decreases and the span is reduced. The following two screenshots show the measurements of the faults of a 22 m cable at a set cable length of 25 meters, measured once with automatic setting of the span and once with the span reduced to 400 MHz.
Page 242: Measurement
Cable Measurements R&S FSH Measurement The R&S FSH performs a sweep over 1024 test points to measure the sum signal of forward and reflected waveform. It transforms the sum signal in the frequency domain into the time domain by means of the inverse FFT (IFFT). The IFFT has a length of 2048 points. The data set is zero-padded to 2048 points and evaluated by means of a Hamming window before performing the IFFT.
Page 243: Using Limit Lines
R&S FSH Using Limit Lines Using Limit Lines Limit lines are used to set limits for level characteristics versus time or versus frequency on the screen; they must not be exceeded. For instance, the upper limits of permissible spurious or harmonics of a DUT are marked by limit lines.
Page 244 Using Limit Lines R&S FSH Depending on the application, press the UPPER LIMIT or LOWER LIMIT softkey. The R&S FSH displays a list of available limit lines. If no limit line is switched on, the first value in the list is marked.
Page 245: Measurements With Limit Lines
R&S FSH Using Limit Lines After a limit line has been switched on, the R&S FSH returns to the menu and the selected line is displayed in the diagram. The name and type of the limit line are also marked (UPPER for an upper limit line and LOWER for a lower line).
Page 246: Definition Range Of Limit Lines
Using Limit Lines R&S FSH Definition range of limit lines If a limit line is not defined in the entire frequency range or displayed span, a check is not performed outside the definition range. Data sets containing limit lines The R&S FSH stores data sets together with any limit lines that may have been active for the measurement in question.
Page 247: Measuring With Transducer Factors
R&S FSH Measuring with Transducer Factors Measuring with Transducer Factors The frequency-dependent transducer factor of transducers and antennas can be directly considered in the measurement result. A transducer factor consists of a numeric values and a unit. The R&S FSH corrects the level values of the trace by the values of the transducer.
Page 248 Measuring with Transducer Factors R&S FSH Operating sequence: Press the MEAS key. Press the TRANSDUCER softkey. The softkey menu for operation of transducer factors is displayed on the screen. N.B : Transducer factors are not available for measurements with the tracking generator and the Power Sensor R&S FSH-Z1.
Page 249: Unit For Measurements With Transducers
R&S FSH Measuring with Transducer Factors If a transducer is switched on, TRD is displayed in the upper right-hand corner of the diagram on the R&S FSH. The complete name of the selected transducer is displayed in the status line (press the STATUS key and scroll downward in the list), or in the list of transducer factors (entry highlighted in red).
Page 250: Frequency Range Of Transducer
Measuring with Transducer Factors R&S FSH Frequency range of transducer If the set frequency range is wider than the span in which a transducer is defined, the R&S FSH assumes the transducer values outside the defined range to be zero. Data sets containing transducer factors The R&S FSH stores data sets together with any transducer factors that may have been active for the measurement in question.
Page 251: Field-Strength Measurement With Isotropic Antenna
Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna When used together with the R&S TS-EMF isotropic antenna (Order No. 1158.9295.13), the R&S FSH3 can determine the resultant field strength in the frequency range from 30 MHz to 3 GHz. The antenna has three orthogonal elements for measuring the resultant field strength.
Page 252 Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna R&S FSH To use transducer factors for the isotropic antenna: Press the MEAS key. The R&S FSH will display the softkey menu for controlling the transducer factors. Note: The TRANSD softkey enables you to activate the three transducer factors for the X, Y, and Z axes individually.
Page 253: Measurement Of The Resultant Field Strength In A Transmission Channel With Large Bandwidth
R&S FSH Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna Do the following to compensate the antenna extension cable: Select the TRANSD dB softkey from the Transducer menu. The R&S FSH will display the list of transducer factors available in the instrument with the unit dB. Select the appropriate transducer factor for the antenna by using the rotary knob or cursor keys and activate with the SELECT softkey.
Page 254 Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna R&S FSH bandwidth. By applying the narrow resolution bandwidth, it simulates a steep channel filter to prevent emissions from outside the channel from affecting the measurement result. The R&S FSH offers default settings for the 3 GPP WCDMA, cdmaOne and CDMA2000 1x transmission systems that free you from having to enter analyzer settings.
Page 255 R&S FSH Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna Selecting the standard: The R&S FSH offers a default channel power measurement setting for various standards. In addition, you can define and store your own configuration. Press the STANDARD softkey. The R&S FSH will open the table with available standards.
Page 256 Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna R&S FSH Renaming the USER standards: You can assign a user-defined name for the USER standard. This makes the standard being used by the R&S FSH immediately clear. The name entered for the USER standard will also appear on the screen, enabling you to document the setting when you document the measurement, for example.
Page 257 If you set a smaller bandwidth, the R&S FSH will set a frequency of 8.33 kHz and output the message "Range exceeded". In the case of R&S FSH3 model 1145.5850.23 and the R&S FSH6 / R&S FSH18, the minimum channel bandwidth is 833 Hz at a span of 1 kHz.
Page 258 Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna R&S FSH Changing the frequency span: The frequency span set by the R&S FSH yields the most accurate measurement results. However, signals near the measurement channel will no longer be detected. To provide an overview of the spectrum outside the measurement channel, the frequency span can be changed up to a value ten times the channel bandwidth during the channel power measurement.
Page 259 R&S FSH Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna Displaying the resultant field strength: The R&S FSH displays the resultant field strength at the bottom of the measurement diagram (Level = nn.nn dBµV/m). It usually does not overlap the trace. However, if this occurs, you can hide the display. Operation: To deactivate the power display: Press the POWER DISPLAY softkey.
Page 260: Code Domain Power Measurement On 3Gpp Fdd Signals
R&S FSH Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals With the option R&S FSH-K4, the R&S FSH3 model 23 (serial number 103500 or later) allows you to perform the code domain power measurement in accordance with the 3GPP standard.
Page 261 R&S FSH Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals Synchronization status Scrambling code used Frequency set Measured value for Number of the analyzed slot carrier frequency error Measured Display of the total slot power channel-specific measurement results To simplify operation and to prevent incorrect measurements, the R&S FSH is equipped with an automatic routine for setting the reference level.
Page 262 Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals R&S FSH To demodulate the 3GPP signal, you must know the scrambling code (primary/secondary) of the base station. The scrambling code is either manually entered or automatically determined by the R&S FSH. Manual entry of the primary scrambling code: Press the SCRAMB CODE softkey.
Page 263 R&S FSH Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals If the scrambling code is not known, the R&S FSH can automatically determine the scrambling code of one or more 3GPP base stations. Two different modes are available for this purpose. In the Single mode, the scrambling code of the base station with the highest signal level is determined.
Page 264 Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals R&S FSH In the case of base stations with two antennas, you must specify which of the antennas to synchronize to. For base stations with only one antenna, the default value is OFF. Press the ANT DIV softkey.
Page 265: Saving And Loading Instrument Settings And Measurement Results
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results The R&S FSH’s settings and measurement results can be saved to the internal memory and recalled at a later date. Using the R&S FSH View software package, these data sets can also be saved to a PC from the R&S FSH or downloaded onto the R&S FSH from a PC.
Page 266: Saving Results
Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results R&S FSH Press the SAVE / PRINT key. The R&S FSH opens the SAVE / PRINT menu where the functions for saving, clearing and loading data sets are displayed for selection. A screenshot can also be output to a printer. Saving results Press the SAVE softkey.
Page 267: Entering A Data Set Name
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Entering a data set name A new name can be entered with the numeric keypad. The letter assignment for the keypad is the same as that for a mobile phone Alphanumeric keypad BACK key...
Page 268: Deleting Saved Data Sets
Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results R&S FSH Using the rotary knob or the cursor keys select a data set. Load the data set by pressing the RECALL softkey. The R&S FSH displays the contents of the selected data set as a graph on the screen but the settings are not activated on the R&S FSH.
Page 269: Deleting All Data Sets
R&S FSH Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results Deleting all data sets Starting from the DATASET LIST mode, all the data sets in the R&S FSH’s memory can be completely deleted by pressing the DELETE ALL DATASETS softkey. Press the DELETE ALL DATASETS softkey.
Page 270: Printing Out Measurement Results
Printing out Measurement Results R&S FSH Printing out Measurement Results An R&S FSH screenshot can be printed out on a printer. The printer type and the baud rate for the serial connection can be selected in the setup menu using the GENERAL / PRINTER... softkey. Press the SAVE / PRINT key.
Page 271: Measurements
R&S FSH Measurements Measurements How a spectrum analyzer operates Basically, an RF signal can either be analyzed in the time domain or in the frequency domain. In the time domain, how the signal varies with time can be observed on an oscilloscope, for example. In the frequency domain, a spectrum analyzer can be used to display the frequency components of a signal.
Page 272 IFs 4031 MHz, 831.25 MHz and 31.25 MHz. Up to 3 GHz, the R&S FSH6 uses the same IFs as the R&S FSH3. Between 3 GHz and 6 GHz, it uses a first IF at 7231 MHz, which it converts to the second IF of 831.25 MHz with the aid of the second local oscillator at 6400 MHz.
Page 273 R&S FSH Measurements Input frequency range Input Intermediate Image 0 Hz Local Frequency frequency frequency frequency oscillator image The first local oscillator is tuned with a sawtooth which simultaneously acts as the x deflection voltage for the display. In practice, synthesizer technology is used to generate the frequency of the first local oscillator and for a digital display.
Page 274 Measurements R&S FSH The video filter comes after the envelope detector. The filter is a lowpass with an adjustable cutoff frequency which limits the bandwidth of the video signal. It is particularly useful when sine signals are to be measured in the vicinity of the spectrum analyzer’s intrinsic noise. The sine signal produces a video signal that is a DC voltage.
Page 275 R&S FSH Measurements The Fig. above shows 30 measured values which are represented by a single pixel. The peak detector determines and displays the maximum measured value. The Auto Peak detector takes the maximum and minimum and displays them together. The two values are joined by a vertical line segment. This gives a good indication of the level variation over the measured values represented by a single pixel.

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Fsh18 Fsh6

R&S FSH3 Operating Manual

1 Putting into Operation

Front View

Putting into Operation

Charging the Battery

Selecting the Instrument Default Setup

External Reference / External Trigger Switchover

Controlling the RF Attenuator

Using a Preamplifier

PIN Entry

Connecting Printers

Setting the Baud Rate for Remote Control

Enabling Options

Checking the Installed Options

2 Getting Started

Measurements on CW Signals

Operation in Receiver Mode

Measuring the Carrier-To-Noise Ratio

Saving and Recalling Settings and Test Results

Printing out Measurement Results

3 Operation

Screen Layout

Entering Measurement Parameters

Menu Overview

Menus in the Receiver Mode (Option R&S FSH-K3)

4 Instrument Functions

Instrument Default Setup

Status Display

Setting the Frequency

Setting the Span

Setting the Amplitude Parameters

Setting the Bandwidths

Setting the Sweep

Trace Settings

Using the Markers

Using the Display Line

Setting and Using the Measurement Functions

Measuring the Channel Power of Continuously Modulated Signals

Power Measurements on TDMA Signals

Measuring the Occupied Bandwidth

Measuring the Carrier-To-Noise Ratio

Using the R&S FSH in Receiver Mode

Measurements Using the Power Sensor

Measuring Forward and Reflected Power

Two-Port Measurements with the Tracking Generator

One-Port Measurement of Cable Loss

Cable Measurements

Using Limit Lines

Measuring with Transducer Factors

Field-Strength Measurement with Isotropic Antenna

Code Domain Power Measurement on 3GPP FDD Signals

Saving and Loading Instrument Settings and Measurement Results

Printing out Measurement Results

Measurements

Quick Links

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Summary of Contents for R&S FSH3