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Summary of Contents for Kistler 9236A Series
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Ceramic- Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… 9236A_002-883e-12.19...
- Page 3 Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its products and make changes in the content without obli- gation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.
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Page 4: Table Of Contents
Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… Inhaltsverzeichnis Introduction ..........................3 Important information ......................... 4 For your safety ........................4 How to treat the instrument ....................5 Tips for using the instruction manual .................. 6 ... -
Page 5: Introduction
Accessories are used. Kistler offers a wide range of products for use in measur- ing technology: Piezoelectric sensors for measuring force, torque, strain, pressure, acceleration, shock, vibration and acoustic-emission ... -
Page 6: Important Information
Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… 2. Important information 2.1 For your safety This instrument has been tested thoroughly and it left the works in a perfectly safe condition. To maintain this condition and assure safe operation, the user must observe the directives and warnings contained in these instructions ... -
Page 7: How To Treat The Instrument
Important information 2.2 How to treat the instrument The dynamometer may be used only under the specified environmental and operating conditions The insulation resistance is crucially important with piezoelectric measurements. It must be around 10 (but at least 10 ) ... -
Page 8: Tips For Using The Instruction Manual
Please keep this Instruction Manual in a safe place where they can be consulted any time. If the instructions get lost, just turn to your Kistler cus- tomer service station and they will be replaced without delay. All information and directives in these instructions may be modified at any time without prior notification. -
Page 9: General Description Of The Instrument
General description of the instrument 3. General description of the instrument 3.1 What does a multicomponent dynamometer do? The multicomponent dynamometer provides dynamic and quasi-static measurement of the 3 orthogonal compo- nents of a force (F ) acting from any direction onto the top plate. -
Page 10: Functional Principle
Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… 3.2 Functional principle The force to be measured is introduced via a top plate and distributed between four piezoelectric 3-component force sensors arranged between the base and top plates. Each of the sensors has three pairs of quartz plates, one sensitive to pressure in the z direction and the other two to shear in the x and y directions respectively. -
Page 11: Design Of The Dynamometer
General description of the instrument 3.3 Design of the dynamometer The dynamometer consists of four 3-component force sen- sors sandwiched under high preload between a baseplate and a top plate. This preload is needed to transmit the friction forces. Fig. 2: Schematic design of the dynamometer Force sensor Base plate The four force sensors are mounted ground-insulated. -
Page 12: Assembly, Installation And Putting Into Operation
First the connecting cable has to be mounted. Both connector sides (dynamometer and cable) have to be cleaned with Kistler cleansing and insulating spray Type 1003. To seal the connector the O-Ring is used (scope of delivery). The mounting surface for the O-Ring must be clean. -
Page 13: Positioning Of The Dynamometer
Assembly, installation and putting into operation The bottom surface of the dynamometer is ground, i.e. fine-machined. The instrument should therefore be mounted on ground or equivalently machined sup- porting surfaces Clean the contact surfaces thoroughly before mount- To align the Dynamometer on the machine table one of the side wall of the flange can be used ... -
Page 14: Basic Circuitry And Cabling Of The Measuring System
Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… 4.4 Basic circuitry and cabling of the measuring system The electrical charges (in pC) delivered from the measur- ing platform are converted by charge amplifiers into pro- portional voltages, which may be displayed, recorded or further processed with usual instruments. The following rules should be observed when cabling the measuring rig: ... -
Page 15: Force Measuring With 3 Components
Assembly, installation and putting into operation 4.4.1 Force measuring with 3 components (F The following figure shows the elements required for the connection of the dynamometer to a high-quality multi- channel charge amplifier Type 5080A, in order to achieve the lowest possible noise level. It is a ground-insulated measuring chain with 3-wire cable. -
Page 16: 3-Component Force Measurement
If there is a possibility of the acting loads damaging the dynamometer, please contact your Kistler Customer Ser- vice Center, where an analysis can be carried out for your load case. -
Page 17: Force And Moment Measuring With 6-Components (F )
Assembly, installation and putting into operation 4.4.3 Force and moment measuring with 6-components (F The illustration below shows the elements needed to con- nect the dynamometer to a high-quality multichannel charge amplifier Type 5080A..., in order to achieve the lowest possible noise level. It is a ground isolated meas- uring chain with 8-wire cable. - Page 18 Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… The individual forces and torques can be calculated as follows: x1+2 x3+4 y1+4 y2+3 b (F – F – F ) · kM a (–F ) kM – F b (–F ) + a (F ) ...
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Page 19: Operation
Operation 5. Operation 5.1 Range selection It is recommended to use the charge amplifier Type 5080A... for the multi-component dynamometer Type 9236A, in order to reach the lowest possible noise level. Adjust the sensitivities according to the data in the calibra- tion sheets for the channels F and F . - Page 20 Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… a Set the amplifier to <Reset>. Select the range for F as follows: 2 · 10 N/V (amplifier to <Long Time Constant>) b Switch the amplifier to <Operate> c Apply F d After reading and/or recording the force, switch the amplifier back to <Reset>...
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Page 21: Usable Frequency Range
Operation Usable frequency range At the upper frequency limit the frequency behaviour of the dynamometer shows oscillation with relatively little damping. Frequencies up to about one-third of the natu- ral frequency can be resolved without excessive measur- ing errors. The lower frequency limit is determined by the drift of the charge amplifier and the quality of the insulation. - Page 22 Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… Rule The better the mounting of the measuring device (force link, dynamometer) on a base structure and the firmer the attachment of the force introduction parts – the higher is the resonant frequency and the wider is the usable fre- quency range.
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Page 23: Temperature Influences
Operation 5.4 Temperature influences The temperature coefficient of the sensitivity (sensitivity change with temperature, the entire dynamometer being at the same temperature) is negligibly small. Temperature changes on the other hand give rise to an error signal in the form of a zero drift. This temperature drift is a function of the heat input. -
Page 24: Maintenance
The dynamometer must be recalibrated for example after an uncontrolled overloading. This recalibration should be carried out in the manufac- turer's factory. In such cases, please contact your Kistler distributor. Our products can be recalibrated or tested the same way as when they were first delivered. -
Page 25: Maintenance Tasks
Clean the free nine-pin plug and socket connection of the dynamometer or connecting cable regularly with an extremely pure cleansing agent, such as Kistler cleansing and insulating spray Type 1003 or rectified benzene 9236A_002-883d-12.19 Page 23... -
Page 26: Trouble Shooting
7. Trouble shooting 7.1 Tracing faults and remedying them Below is a list of typical faults, together with their causes and remedies. If you cannot deal with a fault, please consult your Kistler distributor. Fault Cause Remedy No measuring signal at Signal line broken Check measuring rig (connections). -
Page 27: Defective Dynamometer
Trouble shooting 7.2 Defective dynamometer Proceed as follows if your dynamometer is defective: Contact your Kistler distributor and advise him that you are sending in the defective instrument Send the defective dynamometer in its original pack- ing to your Kistler distributor ... -
Page 28: Technical Data
Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… 8. Technical data Please refer to the data sheet (Doc. No. 003-460) for de- tailed technical data. 8.1 Accessories The accessories included in the scope of supply are shown in the current price list or the data sheet of Type 9236A... -
Page 29: Annex
Cable capacitance The cable capacitance, and thus the length of the con- necting cable, has no noteworthy influence on the measuring result when Kistler special cables and Kistler charge amplifiers are used. Calibrated range Measuring range or part of the measuring range for which the sensor has been calibrated. - Page 30 Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… Example: IP65 indicates a complete protection against touching, as well as against the ingress of dust and spray water from all directions. Disturbance Quantity that is not the measurand but that affects the result of the measurement. The contributions are ex- pressed in terms of the measurand related to the acting quantity.
- Page 31 Describes the ability of Kistler sensors and charge ampli- fiers to undertake short-term measurements or DC- similar measurements. Range see "Measuring range"...
- Page 32 Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… Sensitivity Nominal value or calibrated value stated in the calibration certificate of the change in the response of a sensor di- vided by the corresponding change in the value of the measurand. Note: sensitivity of piezoresistive and strain gauge sen- sors is additionally dependent on the excitation current or voltage.
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Page 33: Measurement Uncertainty
Laboratory charge amplifier 1 % FSO Industrial charge amplifier Higher accuracy can be achieved with the following pro- cedures: Calibration in the Kistler factory Calibration with charge amplifier Type 5395A Restriction of the temperature range Random errors, precision, reproducibility... -
Page 34: Linearity
Errors due to zero drift caused by influences changing with time, such as the temperature, are thus basically excluded. With Kistler piezoelectric measuring chains, a typical re- peatability within 0,1 % FSO can be assumed. 9.3 Linearity... - Page 35 Annex Best straight line – mathematical definition The minimization of maximum deviation is known as Chebyshev’s approximation. The best straight line is de- termined as follows: x = measurand (reference) Q = sensor charge signal or output signal from the charge amplifier ...
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Page 36: Frequency Range
Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… 9.4 Frequency range Because of their mechanical quality, piezoelectric sen- sors have very low damping. The useful frequency range is limited in the upwards direction by the increasing reso- nance rise. Key: f Measuring frequency Natural frequency Amplitude ratio The following approximate values apply to the amplitude error or achievable accuracy as a function of frequency:... -
Page 37: Influence Of Temperature
Annex In their dynamic behavior, piezoelectric sensors are su- perior to all other measuring methods. Their high rigidity results in the highest possible natural frequencies. Pie- zoelectric sensors are thus ideal for measuring measur- ands which change rapidly over time. Their dynamic be- havior is thereby largely determined by the surrounding structure. - Page 38 Ceramic-Microvibration Dynamometer Type 9236A… Temperature gradient error (dynamic error) A temporary change in the output signal is denoted as temperature gradient error, when the temperature of the environment or surrounding medium changes with a cer- tain rate. In this case, the sensor is not in thermal equilib- rium with the environment.
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