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Summary of Contents for Kistler 9281E Series
- Page 1 Instruction Manual Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… ä 9281E_002-463e-10.08...
- Page 2 Instruction Manual Multicomponent Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Force Plate for Type 9281E… Biomechanics Type 9281E… ä ä 9281E_002-463e-10.08...
- Page 4 Foreword Foreword Information in this document is subject to change without notice. Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its products and make changes in the content without obliga- tion to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements.
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… Content Introduction ........................... 4 Important Information........................5 For your Safety........................5 ä-Conformity........................6 How to Treat the Instrument....................6 2.3.1 With External Amplifier (Type 9281E) .................. 6 Hints for Using the Operating Instructions ................7 What Happens After Modifications? .................. - Page 6 8.4.1 Error Δax..........................35 8.4.2 Error Δay..........................35 8.4.3 COP Correction Algorithm for Force Plates .................36 Frequency Response ......................37 Glossary............................38 Coordinate System......................38 9.1.1 Kistler Coordinate System ....................38 9.1.2 ISB Coordinate System ......................39 Parameters Calculation......................39 Warranty............................40 Declaration of Conformity ......................41 Total Pages 42 9281E_002-463e-10.08...
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Page 7: Introduction
Please take the time to thoroughly read this instruction manual. It will help you with the installation, maintenance, and use of this product. Kistler offers a wide range of products for use in measuring technology: Piezoelectric sensors for measuring force, torque, strain,... -
Page 8: Important Information
Important Information Important Information Please keep to the following rules without fail. This will en- sure your personal safety when working, and assure long, trouble-free performance by the instrument. For your Safety This instrument has been tested thoroughly and it left the works in a perfectly safe condition. -
Page 9: Ä-Conformity
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… ä-Conformity The Force Plate Type 9281E… is conforming to ä direc- tives according to the Declaration of Conformity enclosed with this operating instructions. How to Treat the Instrument The force plate may be used only under the specified environmental and operating conditions Protect the signal output against dirt and do not touch it with your fingers. -
Page 10: Hints For Using The Operating Instructions
Please keep these Operating Instructions in a safe place where they can be consulted any time. If the instructions get lost, just turn to your Kistler distribu- tor and they will be replaced without delay. All information and directives in these instructions may be modified at any time without prior notification. -
Page 11: General Description Of The Instrument
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… General Description of the Instrument What does a Multicomponent Force Plate Do? The multicomponent force plate provides dynamic and quasi-static measurement of the 3 orthogonal components of a force (F ) acting from any direction on the top plate. -
Page 12: Two Different Versions
General Description of the Instrument Two Different Versions The force plate Type 9281E... is available in two versions: 9281E with external 8 channel amplifier (e.g. Type 9865…) 9281EA with built-in amplifier Application Examples The force plate is particularly suitable to measure fast actions and impact in sports but it can also be used for a wide range of other applications Biomechanical investigations, e.g. - Page 13 Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… In these four force sensors the force introduced is resolved into three components. Fig. 2: 3-component force sensor The electrical charges yielded by the force plate are strictly proportional to the measured quantities. They are con- verted by charge amplifiers into analog voltages and can then be processed in any way.
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Page 14: Design Of The Force Plate
General Description of the Instrument Design of the Force Plate The force plate comprises a top plate of sandwich light- weight construction under which the four 3-component force sensors are mounted under high prestress. This prestress is a prerequisite for transmissing shear forces by friction. -
Page 15: Assembly, Installation And Putting Into Operation
Please refer to the operating instructions 002-034 "Force Plate Installation an Maintenance" for detailed procedures and information. For nonobservance of the mounting instructions Kistler will decline all responsibility. Page 12 9281E_002-463e-10.08... -
Page 16: Basic Circuitry And Cabling Of The Measuring System
The following rules should be observed when cabling the measuring rig: Between force plate and charge amplifier the special cables supplied by Kistler must be used Ordinary cables may be used to link the charge amplifi- ers with the display or evaluation instruments Make sure that all work with electrical connections is done carefully and with cleanliness. -
Page 17: Connections With External Amplifier (Type 9281E)
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… Connections with External Amplifier (Type 9281E) The following figure shows the elements required for a complete measuring system. Fig. 5: Example of a complete measuring system Measuring system with BioWare and two force plates Type 9281E. -
Page 18: Connections With Built-In Amplifier (Type 9281Ea)
Assembly, Installation and Putting Into Operation Connections with Built-In Amplifier (Type 9281EA) The following figure shows the elements required for a complete measuring system Fig. 7: Example of a complete measuring system Measuring system with BioWare and two force plates Type 9281EA. -
Page 19: Output Connector Of Force Plate Type 9281Ea (With Built-In Amplifier)
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 4.4.1 Output Connector of Force Plate Type 9281EA (with Built-In Amplifier) Exct. GND Front view Operate Control GND N.C. (reserved) x1+2 10 F x3+4 11 F y1+4 12 F y2+3 13 A’ (Range z select) 14 Signal GND 15 N.C. -
Page 20: Cable Type 1759A
A cable Type 1759A... (90 degree Fischer connector) is available from the force plate Fischer 19 pin connector to a D-Sub 37 pin neg. connector. It provides the following output connector and is compatible with the Kistler BioWare hardware. Signal GND... -
Page 21: Digital Control
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 4.4.3 Digital Control All Digital Inputs are isolated with opto-couplers: Digital Control input circuit Digital Control input signals Fig. 11: Digital Control input circuit Logical Signal Dig. Input <4,4 V 5 ... 45 V Table 1: Digital Control input signals Range Select Group I F (Shear) -
Page 22: Operation
Operation Operation Range Selection Below are range recommendations for different applica- tions. It is important that for every application the smallest possible range is chosen. This will take full advantage of the maximum output voltage thus keeping noise and other errors the smallest possible. -
Page 23: Balance (Posturography)
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 5.2.1 Balance (Posturography) Important It is imperative the charge amplifier is switched to OPER- ATE before the subject steps on the force plate. Otherwise Center of Pressure COP can not be calculated correctly. Time Constant Some charge amplifiers have a time constant (TC) function. -
Page 24: Temperature Influences
Operation Temperature Influences The temperature coefficient of the sensitivity is negligibly small (sensitivity change with temperature, the entire force plate being at the same temperature). Temperature gradients on the other hand give rise to an error signal in the form of drift. This temperature drift is a function of the heat input. -
Page 25: Surface Pressure
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… Surface Pressure Please note that the surface pressure of the top plate is lim- ited to 5 N/mm . If this surface pressure is exceeded, the sandwich structure inside the top plate breaks down and the force plate is instantly destroyed. -
Page 26: Maintenance
Maintenance Maintenance Please refer to the operating instructions 002-034 "Force Plate Installation and Maintenance" for detailed proce- dures and information. The multicomponent force plate Type 9281E... is a de- pendable instrument requiring virtually no maintenance. To ensure long and reliable operation of the force plate, please read the next two sections. -
Page 27: Check Gap Around Force Plate
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 6.2.2 Check Gap Around Force Plate Check the gap around the force plate with a piece of pa- per. If the gap is filled with dust or dirt there is a possibility for force shunt resulting in wrongly measured forces. 6.2.3 System Check The system check ensures that each channel of the force plate outputs a signal which is correctly amplified in the... -
Page 28: Regular Calibration Of The Charge Amplifier
Zero offset Drift Correct "amplification" ratio Charge [pC]/Voltage [V] This task needs special equipment and Kistler trained service personnel Zero offset and drift tests can be done using the "voltme- ter" function of BioWare or any other software or voltme- ter directly at the analog output pins. -
Page 29: Regular Checks
Do not put a damaged instrument into operation Leave all repairs (e.g. replacement of damaged plug and socket connections or defective sensors) to Kistler trained service personnel 6.5.1 With External Amplifier (Type 9281E) Keep the connector meticulously clean. If necessary... -
Page 30: Cleaning And Sterilization
Maintenance Cleaning and Sterilization In principle, because of the usual high temperatures sterili- zation of the force plate is not permissible. Instead of it we recommend the application of a mild, water-soluble clean- sing or disinfecting agent (clinically tested) with a pH-value 6 ... -
Page 31: Trouble Shooting
Defective Force Plate Proceed as follows if your force plate is defective: Contact your Kistler distributor and advise him that you are sending in the defective instrument Send the defective force plate in its original packing to... -
Page 32: Technical Data
Technical Data Technical Data Dimensions Fig. 13: Dimensions and connection of the multicompo- nent force plate Type 9281E... 9281E_002-463e-10.08 Page 29... -
Page 33: Specifications For Type 9281E
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 8.2 Specifications for Type 9281E Range –10 ... 10 –10 … 20 Overload –15/15 –10/25 Calibrated range 0 ... 10 0 ... 20 Calibrated partial range 0 ... 1 0 ... 2 Threshold <0,05 Sensitivity (nominal) pC/N... -
Page 34: Mechanical And Environment
Technical Data 8.2.1 Mechanical and Environment Distance of force plate surface form x-, y-plane –48 Distance of sensor axis from y-axis Distance of sensor axis from x-axis Tightening torque of fastening screws M12 x 25 N·m Weight (without mounting frame) Surface pressure N/mm ≤5... -
Page 35: Specifications For Type 9281Ea
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 8.3 Specifications for Type 9281EA 8.3.1 General ≈125 Nominal Range 1 (per Channel) N/5V N/5V ≈250 Nominal Range 1 (summed) ≈250 ≈1 000 Ratio Range 1 : 2 : 3 : 4 1 : 5 : 10 : 20 Range switching accuracy <±0,5 Mechanical Overload... -
Page 36: Mechanical And Environment
Technical Data 8.3.2 Mechanical and Environment Distance of force plate surface from: x-, y-plane –48 Distance of sensor axis from y-axis Distance of sensor axis from x-axis Tightening torque of fastening screws M12x25 N·m Weight (without mounting frame) Surface pressure N/mm ≤5 (see also chapter 5.6) -
Page 37: Built-In 8 Channel Charge Amplifier
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 8.3.4 Built-In 8 Channel Charge Amplifier Fig. 14: Built-in 8-channel charge amplifier Page 34 9281E_002-463e-10.08... -
Page 38: Center Of Pressure Cop Accuracy
Technical Data Center of Pressure COP Accuracy The distribution of the applied force into the four sensor elements can be used to calculate back to the center of pressure (COP or point of force application) expressed by its coordinates a and a The accuracy of the calculated COP coordinates depends The COP coordinates itself... -
Page 39: Cop Correction Algorithm For Force Plates
3.5 using the following algo- rithm. Remarks The coefficients apply only if the force plate is mounted on a rigid foundation according to Kistler specifications (mounting frame or steel plate grouted on concrete foun- dation). Formulae... -
Page 40: Frequency Response
Technical Data Frequency Response x- axis Fig. 17: Frequency response x-axis y- axis Fig. 18: Frequency response y-axis z-axis Fig. 19: Frequency response z-axis See also chapter 5.4 "Usable Frequency Range" 9281E_002-463e-10.08 Page 37... -
Page 41: Glossary
There are two different coordinate systems in use. Note In these operating instructions, the Kistler coordinate sys- tem is used exclusively. 9.1.1 Kistler Coordinate System The following coordinate system is used for all Kistler force plates. Fig. 20: Kistler coordinate system Page 38 9281E_002-463e-10.08... -
Page 42: Isb Coordinate System
Glossary 9.1.2 ISB Coordinate System The ISB (International Society of Biomechanics) proposes the following coordinate system: Fig. 21: ISB coordinate system In the ISB-system not the active (acting) but counteracting (reacting) forces are described. The ISB coordinate system is used above all in connection with comprehensive move- ment analyses. -
Page 43: Warranty
Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… 10. Warranty Regarding the warranty reference is made to the agree- ment between the respective contracting parties. Page 40 9281E_002-463e-10.08... -
Page 44: Declaration Of Conformity
Declaration of Conformity 11. Declaration of Conformity EG-Konformitätserklärung EC Declaration of conformity / Déclaration de conformité CE Hersteller Kistler Instrumente AG Manufacturer / Fabricant CH-8408 Winterthur erklärt, dass das Produkt declares that the product / déclare que le produit Name /... - Page 45 Multicomponent Force Plate for Biomechanics Type 9281E… With external amplifier Force Plate Cable Amplifier Data Acquisition Type 9281E Type 1686A... Type 9865E... Type 5691A1 with cable Type 1769A Type 9285 Type 1685B... Type 9286B Type 1685B... Type 2812A… Type 9287C Type 1686A...
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