Related Manuals for Kistler 9240A Series
Summary of Contents for Kistler 9240A Series
- Page 1 Instruction manual Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A... Type 9241C... 9240A_002-763e-08.19...
- Page 2 Instruction manual Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A... Type 9241C... 9240A_002-763e-08.19...
- Page 4 Foreword Foreword The information in this manual is subject to change at any time without prior notice. Kistler reserves the right to im- prove and modify the product to reflect technical progress without having to inform persons and organizations of these changes.
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Page 5: Table Of Contents
Calibration of the operation point via a peak value comparison ......25 5.1.1.1 Test system requirements ..............25 5.1.1.2 Installing the reference sensor .............26 5.1.1.3 Procedure in the event of load application ...........26 5.1.1.4 Worksheet for the calibration process..........27 Kistler calibration service ....................28 Page 2 9240A_002-763e-08.19... - Page 6 Operation ...........................30 Quasistatic measurements ....................30 Tips for good measurement values ..................30 Maintenance ..........................31 Eliminating malfunctions ......................32 Troubleshooting and malfunction elimination ..............32 Repairing the strain sensor ....................32 Technical data ........................33 8.3.1 Strain sensor Type 9240A… ................33 8.3.2 Strain sensor Type 9241C… ................34 Dimensions of Type 9240A…...
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Page 7: Introduction
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 1. Introduction Thank you for choosing a Kistler quality product. Please read this Instruction Manual carefully, so that you can take optimum advantage of the versatile features of this product. Insofar as permitted under statute, Kistler refuses any... -
Page 8: Important Instructions
Report any such damage to the transport company and the responsible Kistler distributor. Please check the included Accessories (see Chapter 1) be- fore you start commissioning the device. If a part is miss- ing, please contact the responsible Kistler distributor. 9240A_002-763e-08.19 Page 5... -
Page 9: Instructions On Handling The Device
As a rule, we recommend that you read the entire Instruction Manual. If, however, you are in a hurry and already have experience with Kistler strain sensors, then you can limit your reading to the information you currently require. We have endeavored to structure these instructions in a clear manner and thereby facilitate direct access to the information you are looking for. -
Page 10: General Device Description
ε The measurand of is dimensionless. The SI unit for relative extension ε is [m/m]. Kistler uses με as the unit for relative extension –6 1 με = 1 microstrain = 10 m/m = μm/m 3.1.1 Longitudinal extension – transverse extension... -
Page 11: What Purpose Does A Strain Sensor Serve
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 3.2 What purpose does a strain sensor serve? A strain sensor is primarily used to measure the extension of a material within a structure. However, since the bearing machine structure is subject to a more or less significant ex- tension or compression in the case of all processes in which forces are applied, a strain sensor can be used just as well for indirectly measuring dynamic and quasistatic forces... -
Page 12: Design And Functional Principle Of Strain Sensor Types 9240A
General device description Strain sensor Types 9240A... and 9241C… feature the following excellent properties: • Very good protection of the built-in sensor • Long-term stability of the sensitivity level without any signs of aging • Durability when subjected to mechanical stress •... -
Page 13: Measuring Principle
Kistler approach. This results in negative sensor sensitivity S [pC/µε] All Kistler force sensors are designed such that positive force application generates a negative charge at the sensor out- put. This corresponds to compressing the sensor and, there- fore, compressing the surrounding material. -
Page 14: Manufacturer's Calibration Of Sensors
General device description 3.4 Manufacturer's calibration of sensors The transverse measuring pins are calibrated at the plant where they were manufactured. During this, the actual sensitivity [pC/µε] and the maximum linearity deviation are determined using the process of 'continuous calibra- tion'. -
Page 15: Installation And Commissioning
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 4. Installation and commissioning 4.1 Important instructions Strain sensor Type 9240A... and Type 9241C… are preci- sion instruments; the features specified can only be fully utilized if the sensors are used correctly and can only be maintained if the sensors are handled with care. - Page 16 Installation and commissioning • The measuring point must not be exposed to high thermal stress (thermal radiation and airflow). Ideally, the material and ambient temperature at the measuring point will be equal and consistent during the measuring cycle. • To keep the sensor dry, it must be ensured that the mounting bore does not fill up with liquid.
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Page 17: Structure Materials
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 4.3 Structure materials As a rule, it is possible to use the equipment in steel structures without any problems. Extension measurements in other materials such as cast iron, aluminum, or other metals must be undertaken with caution; in such cases, the sensor must be re-calibrated. -
Page 18: Type 9241C
Installation and commissioning • The borehole must be clean and prepared with a toler- ance of H8 over 8 mm • A minimum installation depth of 8 mm must be main- tained • In the event that the measuring pin is completely coun- tersunk, the borehole must be sealed following installa- tion with a Type 65000539 sealing plug 4.5.2 Type 9241C…... -
Page 19: Installation
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 4.6 Installation 4.6.1 General installation instructions Correct installation is important for ensuring quality – par- ticularly when it comes to reproducibility. • Carefully clean the mounting bore to be used with a de-greasing cleaning agent (such as ethanol, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, or benzine). -
Page 20: Installation Instructions
Installation and commissioning 4.6.3 Installation instructions Step 1: Guide the connector and sensor cable through the preload- ing tool (A) as shown Fig. 10: Inserting the cable into the installation tool Step 2: Carefully pull the sensor cable completely through the tool element (A) until the sensor is at the front end. - Page 21 Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... In the process, the radial pin of the tool must be engaged in one of the two lateral notches of the tool element (A). Fig. 12: Sensor is engaged Step 3: Carefully place the sensor cable in the orientation tool (B) and insert the tool into the preloading tool (A).
- Page 22 Installation and commissioning Incorrect: The sensor is incorrectly positioned in the pre- loading tool (B) Correct: The sensor is correctly positioned in the preloading tool (B) Tip: When inserting the preloading element (A) into the orientation element (B) of the tool, you will hear and feel a 'click' when the sensor engages in the preloading tool (A) –...
- Page 23 Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... Using the outer setting dial (orientation tool, B), align the sensor with the anticipated direction of the force flux. The orientation of the sensor corresponds to the alignment of the notch on this setting dial. Fig.
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Page 24: Cable Installation Instructions
Installation and commissioning 4.6.4 Cable Installation Instructions • Measuring pin Types 9240A... / 9241C... are supplied with different lengths of cable installed. • Lay the connecting cable so that no forces are transferred to the sensor via the cable. The cable routing in the vicin- ity of the sensor must be as free from tensile and com- pression forces as possible. -
Page 25: Initial Commissioning
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 4.7 Initial commissioning 4.7.1 The simplest form of measurement – relative measurement When an extension measuring chain is set up and connect- ed in line with Fig. 18, the measurement operation can be started straight away. - Page 26 Installation and commissioning In the example below, the following conditions apply: Sensor Type 9240A… with Sensor sensitivity according to –9.32 pC/µε calibration certificate At the amplifier (ICAM Type 5073A111, for example) Sensor sensitivity –9.32 pC/µε set on the amplifier Measuring range I –0 to 200 µε...
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Page 27: Indirect Force Measurement
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... As is common in piezoelectric measurement technology, the measurement must be activated with Signal/Measure. The signal at point of activation is automatically the zero level for the new measurement. Normally, it is therefore ensured that the measurement is activated in an 'exten- sion-free' condition. -
Page 28: Calibration
Calibration 5. Calibration 5.1 On-site calibration of a strain sensor Absolute measurement values can only be determined if the entire measurement structure – consisting of a me- chanical system (e.g., any type of press) and strain sensors – has been calibrated. In this case, on-site calibration must be performed. -
Page 29: Installing The Reference Sensor
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... • Loading case The calibration force must be continuously run from zero up to the operation point required and then back down again. If the required calibration force cannot be applied by the mechanical drive of the test system, an external actuator, such as a hydraulic cylinder, should be used. - Page 30 Calibration Reference system Reference force signal Measuring range (full-scale) of the charge amplifier for the reference system Result of the calculated force of cycle i REFi of the reference system F ˆ Measured peak value of the reference measuring chain (for cycle i) Reproducible force level measured with the reference measuring chain Strain sensors Type 9240A...
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Page 31: Worksheet For The Calibration Process
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 5.1.1.4 Worksheet for the calibration process 1. At the charge amplifier of the reference measuring chain, set the sensor sensitivity and the measuring range. The measuring range must be greater than the maximum force of the load cycle run, but should not be more than 1.25 times greater. -
Page 32: Kistler Calibration Service
Traceability must be ensured. Kistler offers the following calibration services: Swiss Calibration Service (SCS) Kistler is accredited as a SCS calibration center (number 049) for the measurands of pressure, force, acceleration, and electrical charge. To ensure traceability and identified measurement uncertainties, calibration equipment and procedures are regularly monitored and checked. -
Page 33: Operation
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 6. Operation 6.1 Quasistatic measurements The piezoelectric measuring principle does not allow purely static measurements to be performed over any period of time. As the charge amplifier is not an ideal component, the charge stored on the range capacitor is not maintained indefinitely. -
Page 34: Maintenance
Maintenance 7. Maintenance Strain sensors Type 9240A… and 9241C... are reliable devices that require virtually no maintenance. Have any repairs to the sensor (e.g., replacing damaged plug connections) carried out at the manufacturer's plant. Instructions for proceeding in such cases can be found in Chapter 8.1. -
Page 35: Eliminating Malfunctions
Below you will find a list of frequent causes of malfunctions and instructions on how to rectify them. If a malfunction cannot be rectified, please contact your Kistler distributor. Normally, the function of the sensor can only be assessed in conjunction with a charge amplifier (i.e., as part of the measuring chain). -
Page 36: Technical Data
• In the event of any major repair that may be necessary, you will receive a cost estimate. • Kistler will endeavor to repair your strain sensor as quick- ly as possible and at minimal cost, and to send it back to you as good as new. -
Page 37: Strain Sensor Type 9241C
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 8.3.2 Strain sensor Type 9241C… Range for a preloading force of 750 N με 0 to 500 for a preloading force of 1 250 N με –150 to 350 for a preloading force of 1 750 N με –300 to 200 Overload for a preloading force of... -
Page 38: Dimensions Of Type 9241C
Eliminating malfunctions 8.5 Dimensions of Type 9241C… int. Fig. 23: Dimensions of strain sensor Type 9241C… 8.6 Connection variants In addition to the KIAG 10-32 standard connector, trans- verse measuring pin Types 9240A… and 9241C… are available with an M3 or M4 connection. Due to the design of the installation tool, it is not possible to equip the pin with full-size BNC/TNC connectors. -
Page 39: Optional Accessories
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... For Type 9241C… • KIAG 10-32 pos. int. connection Type 9241CA3 • Mini coax. neg. connection Type 9241CBsp The final digit refers to the cable length (3 meters as standard). All sensors are also available as an sp version for which the cable length can be specified by the client = 0.1 m, L = 3 m). - Page 40 Eliminating malfunctions Couplings: int. Fig. 27: Couplings 9240A_002-763e-08.19 Page 37...
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Page 41: Appendix
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 9. Appendix 9.1 Glossary Threshold Minimum change to the measurand that results in an ascertainable change to the sensor signal. In everyday practice, the rule of thumb is that the threshold is approx- imately two to three times greater than the typical noise signal of a charge amplifier. - Page 42 Appendix Cable capacitance If special Kistler cables and Kistler charge amplifiers are used, the capacitance and, therefore, the length of the connecting cable will not affect the measuring result. Calibration certificate Document for sensors and devices for specifying the results of the manufacturer's calibration.
- Page 43 Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... Quasistatic Describes the capability of Kistler sensors and charge ampli- fiers to perform static short-term measurements or DC-sim- ilar measurements. Degree of protection Protection of electrical equipment by a suitable case, covers, etc. in accordance with EN 60529. The degree of protection is specified by 'IP' (International Protection), followed by two numbers.
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Page 44: Measurement Uncertainty
Industrial charge amplifier ±1 % FSO Greater accuracy can be achieved with the following mea- sures: • Calibration at Kistler • Calibration with charge calibrator Type 5395A • Limitation of the temperature range Random errors, precision, reproducibility The precision or reproducibility is the degree of agreement between independent measurement values obtained under established conditions. -
Page 45: Linearity
In the case of piezoelectric measuring chains from Kistler, repeatability within 0.1 % FSO can typically be assumed. 9.3 Linearity... - Page 46 Appendix Best Straight Line – Mathematical Definition The minimization of the maximum deviation is known as the Chebyshev approximation. The best straight line is determined as follows in this case: • x = measurand (reference) • Q = charge signal of the sensor or output signal of the charge amplifier •...
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Page 47: Frequency Range
Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... 9.4 Frequency range Piezoelectric sensors have a very low attenuation due to their mechanical quality. The usable frequency range is limited in the upward direction by the increasing resonance sharpness. The following abbreviations are used: measurement frequency natural frequency amplitude ratio... -
Page 48: Influence Of Temperature
Appendix Piezoelectric sensors are superior to all other measurement procedures in terms of their dynamic behavior. The very high rigidity level results in the highest possible natural frequencies. Piezoelectric sensors are therefore ideally suited to the acquisition of measurands that change rapidly over time. - Page 49 Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... Temperature gradient error (dynamic error) The temporary change of the output signal is referred to as a temperature gradient error if the temperature of the sur- rounding area and/or the surrounding medium changes at a particular speed.
- Page 50 Appendix 10. Index Calibration certificate 38, 39 Dimensions Calibrated range Threshold Calibration Application areas Characteristic curve Design Output signal Unpacking Charge signal Charge amplifier Linearity 39, 42 Best straight line Linearity deviation Ordering key Operating temperature Ground isolation Measuring range Coulomb Measurement Measurand...
- Page 51 Quartz transverse measuring pin Type 9240A..., Type 9241C... Static measurement Compression Rigidity Disturbance variable Malfunctions Elongation Scatter Systematic errors Temperature Temperature error Temperature gradient error Temperature coefficient 40, 46 Thermal effect Tips Transport damage Overload Crosstalk Substrate materials Maintenance On-site calibration Manufacturer's calibration Repeatability Time constant...
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