Page 1 ANDBOOK Model 9100 Universal Calibration System Volume 1 — Operation Final Width = 215mm...
Page 2 Universal Calibration System Volume 1 — Operation (for Remote Operation, Instrument Specification, Specification Verification, Routine Maintenance and Calibration refer to Volume 2 — Performance) © 2005 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. All product names are trademarks of their respective companies.
Page 3 However, noisy or intense electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of the equipment can disturb the measurement circuit. Users should exercise caution and use appropriate connection and cabling configurations to avoid misleading results when making precision measurements in the presence of electromagnetic interference. © 2005 Fluke Corporation P/N 850300 Issue 9.0 (July 2005)
Page 4: Table Of Contents
Section 1 The Model 9100 Multifunction Calibrator About Section 1 ......................1-1 Introduction to the Model 9100 ..................1-2 Model 9100 Options and Associated Products ............. 1-6 UUT Calibration Procedure Library ................1-7 Printer Support ......................1-8 UUT Calibration Certificates ..................1-8 Inventory Manaagement ....................
Page 5 Page Section 4 Using the Model 9100 — Manual Mode About Section 4 ......................4.1-1 Interconnections ......................4.2-1 Functions: DC Voltage ........................4.3-1 AC Voltage ........................4.4-1 DC Current ........................4.5-1 AC Current ........................4.6-1 Resistance ........................4.7-1 Conductance ......................... 4.8-1 Frequency ........................
Page 6 Maximum Output Voltages and Currents. sure safe Unless that it is to do so, DO NOT TOUCH ANY of the following: Model 9100: I+ I- Hi Lo sHi SLo leads terminals Model 9105: H sH sL L +20 leads DANGER...
Page 7 Section 1 The Model 9100 Universal Calibration System About Section 1 Section 1 introduces the Model 9100 Universal Calibration System. It is divided into the following sub-sections: Introducing the Model 9100 1.2.1 Functions 1.2.2 Operating Modes 1.2.3 System Operation Model 9100 Options and Associated Products...
Page 8: Introduction To The Model 9100
1500Vpk — Mode 15Vpk 1.2.1 Functions The Model 9100 is a state-of-the-art calibrator offering multimeter test capabilities, providing wide functionality from a single source. It can calibrate: DC Voltage: ..........0V to ±1050V • Final Width = 215mm • AC Voltage: ..........0V to 1050V...
Page 9 1.2.2 Operating Modes In order to be able to calibrate a wide range of different UUTs, the 9100 has had flexibility built into its design. There are five modes, only two of which, 'Manual' and 'Procedure' determine the everyday use of the instrument. The other three are concerned with system configuration, 9100 calibration and 9100 selftest.
Page 10 1.2.2.4 Calibration Mode Calibration of the 9100 itself cannot proceed until two security measures have been satisfied: 1. The rear panel 'CAL' switch must be set to its 'ENABLE' position. Note: The switch is recessed behind a small hole — at shipment this hole is covered by a paper seal which should not be broken except for an authorized recalibration.
Page 11 • 'Full Test': The full test is run to completion. The 9100 will keep a list of all test failures, including the number of the test and its result. Any failures can then be recalled using screen keys.
Page 12: Model 9100 Options And Associated Products
Option 250 250MHz Oscilloscope Calibrator Module. Option 600 600MHz Oscilloscope Calibrator Module. Line Voltage: The 9100 is configured for use at the correct voltage at the shipment point. Final Width = 215mm In addition, the following associated products are available: PLC-XXX Procedure Library Cards (Sub-section 1.4).
Page 13: Uut Calibration Procedure Library
ISO 9000 requires that calibration records be maintained for later inspection. Whether or not 9010 / Portocal II is purchased, the Model 9100 Procedure Mode supports two formats for recording results. For a basic certificate of results, or a simple pass-fail format for each test, a printer can be connected directly to the 25-way Centronics™...
Page 14: Inventory Manaagement
For reasons of size, the 9100 User's Handbook is divided into three volumes: This Volume 1 (pt. no. 850300) relates to the basic operation of the 9100, whereas Volume 2 (pt. no. 850301) deals with basic 9100 performance, containing information related to: IEEE-488/SCPI remote command performance, 9100 specifications, routine maintenance, specification verification and calibration.
Page 15: Section 2 Installing The Model 9100
Installing the Model 9100 About Section 2 Section 2 contains information and instructions for unpacking and installing the Model 9100 Universal Calibration System. It is divided into the following sub-sections: Lifting and Carrying the Model 9100 Unpacking and Inspection Storage...
Page 16: Lifting And Carrying The Model 9100
1. Disconnect and remove any cables from the rear panel. 2. Tilt the 9100 so that it is standing vertically on its rear panel, with the feet towards you. Pull the instrument towards you at the edge of the bench.
Page 17: Storage
For Recalibration: If Calibration Mode is entered while the switch is in the 'DISABLE' position, the following warning message is placed on the screen: Calibration switch not enabled! Section 2: Installing the Model 9100...
Page 18: Preparation For Operation
Caution: If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. Other than the main output terminals and the D-type signal output socket, the connections to the 9100 are via the rear panel: Final Width = 215mm...
Page 19 Connect Black lead to Line, White lead to Neutral and Green lead to Ground. (European: Brown lead to Line, Blue lead to Neutral, and Green/Yellow lead to Ground). (The UK power plug internal fuse rating is 5A.) Section 2: Installing the Model 9100...
Page 20 2.7.3 Line Voltage The 9100 is operative for line voltages in the ranges: 100/120/220/240V, 48-63Hz. To accommodate these ranges, a small voltage selector block is housed behind the POWER FUSE drawer. 2.7.3.1 Selection of Operating Line Voltage Fuse Recess for...
Page 21 3. Check that the desired voltage is visible at the front of the voltage selector block inside the power module cavity. 4. Insert the fuse drawer into the module and press until the catch is heard to click into place. Section 2: Installing the Model 9100...
Page 22 The front can be tilted upward for ease of viewing. 2.7.5.2 Rack Mounting (Option 90) For a Model 9100 Calibrator supplied with Option 90 Rack Mounting Kit, the following fixing instructions must be observed in order to ensure a successful installation: Preliminaries N.B.
Page 23 Indication of Inadequate Cooling Airflow In the event of the internal temperature rising to a point at which the calibrator specification may be invalidated, a warning message will appear on the screen: "Over temperature". Section 2: Installing the Model 9100...
Page 24: Connectors And Pin Designations
NDAC GND 9 Ground wire of twisted pair with GND 10 Ground wire of twisted pair with GND 11 Ground wire of twisted pair with 0V_F Logic Ground (Internally associated with Safety Ground) 2-10 Section 2: Installing the Model 9100...
Page 25 Printer is in online state, or connected. AUTO_FEED_L Output Paper is automatically fed 1 line after printing. This line is fixed _H (high) by the 9100 to disable autofeed. ERROR_L Input Printer is in 'Paper End', 'Offline' or 'Error' state.
Page 26 Unless that it is to do so, DO NOT TOUCH ANY of the following: Model 9100: I+ I- Hi Lo sHi SLo leads terminals Model 9105: H sH sL L +20 leads DANGER 2-12 Section 2: Installing the Model 9100...
Page 27 Junction Temperature Sense TC_POS Thermocouple Output + ID1_L Cable Option Ident ØV Ident Common - - - Not used TC_NEG Thermocouple Output - THERM_OP Junction Temperature Sense _H ≡ Logic-1 active; _L ≡ Logic-Ø active. Section 2: Installing the Model 9100 2-13...
Page 28 The 9100 can be used in both roles simultaneously, being phase-synchronized to an external input signal while passing on the phase of its analog output to another 9100. Internal controls are provided (via front-panel keys or via the IEEE-488 / SCPI interface) to adjust the phase-shift of the 9100 analog output and 'Phase Lock Out' signal with respect to the incoming synchronizing 'Phase Lock In' signal.
Page 29: Section 3 Model 9100 Controls
Model 9100 Controls About Section 3 Section 3 is a detailed description of the 9100 operating controls; starting with a general description of the front panel. A brief description of Mode selection operations is given, followed by a more detailed treatment of 'Configuration' mode. Finally a course of tutorials gives practice in manipulating the controls in 'Manual' mode.
Page 30: Introduction To The Front Panel
Manual Calibration of UUT Meters and Multimeters Because the main role of the 9100 is to calibrate instruments (UUTs) which are themselves manually operated, most users will find it convenient to control the 9100 at the same level. The front panel presents the operating interface necessary for manual control of the 9100 output.
Page 31: Front Panel Features
Liquid Crystal Display and Screen Keys The 9100 communicates with the operator by presenting essential information on the LCD screen. For example: the output value appears in large characters just above the center of the screen, accompanied by its units. An operator can move through a series of menu screens, choosing options from those presented on the screen.
Page 32: Modes Of Operation
Modes of Operation 3.3.1 Mode Selection The Mode key is highlighted in Fig. 3.3.1, below: OUTPUT Ω — Mode Final Width = 215mm Fig. 3.3.1 'Mode' Key Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 33 = Procedure Mode: Final Width = 215mm For calibration of a specific type of UUT, the sequence of 9100 output selections is determined by a 'Procedure' memory card, placed in the left-hand slot beneath the panel outline. Results can be printed, or recorded in a second 'Data' card, placed in the right- hand 'RESULTS' slot.
Page 34: Configuration Mode
V I E W M O R E screen does not require a password. Press the VIEW screen key on the left of the bottom row. The 9100 will transfer to the 'Modify viewing angle' Configuration screen 2. Adjust the viewing angle by...
Page 35 If it desired to revert to the initial L I M I T T I M E L I N E Mode Selection display, press the front panel 'Mode' key. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 36 (Model 9010 performs this function). When the procedure 2. To change the Procedure mode card is used in the Model 9100, the E N G L I S H language, press the required Configuration language cannot be changed.
Page 37 4. Press EXIT to return to the 'Present Settings' screen The new default will be incorporated into the list. Next time the line power is turned from Off to ON, the 9100 will power-up in the selected mode. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 38 Present Settings: U P M O D E Language English B U S 1. When the 9100 is set for remote the range 0 to 30. For access from Power-up mode Manual A D D R E S S Bus Address...
Page 39 During a Procedure mode print run, certain printer information will be returned to the b. 9100 is powered on. 9100, which will respond by halting the procedure and placing an error message on the screen (such as 'Printer out of paper' or 'Printer is not responding').
Page 40 New results data from Procedure mode runs will be concatenated with existing data until the card memory is full. Erasure of card contents should be done using the Model 9010. 3-12 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 41 F J BLOGGS J K FLIPFLOP 4. EXIT returns to the 'Present Settings menu screen. Press OK to clear the list Final Width = 215mm TODAYS DATE TIME E X I T Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-13...
Page 42 'EXIT' screen key label will be replaced by 'OK'. By pressing 'OK' the original value is reinstated and the message disappears, for a second attempt. 3-14 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 43 C H A N G E C H A N G E E X I T D A T E T I M E are used. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-15...
Page 44 'Present settings' menu Lower 100% screen Spec Limit Subsequently, during each '1 Year Verification' in Procedure mode, the 9100 will detect Indicated its own slewed output and place the UUT measurement error into the 'Pass', 'Borderline' Value Actual UUT or 'Fail' category.
Page 45 The parameters available for E X I T PROCEDURE slot. change are selectable using the screen keys on the right. 2. The EXIT screen key reverts to the first 'Present Settings' screen. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-17...
Page 46 Use the softkeys to select certificate another. 4. Press the EXIT screen key to revert to the CERT DETAILS TODAYS DATE TIME screen E X I T 3-18 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 47 Enter new length: page length. 3. Press the EXIT key to revert to the CERT DETAILS screen Final Width = 215mm TODAYS DATE TIME E X I T Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-19...
Page 48 2. If required, use the numeric keypad to enter a new footer size on the certificate. 3. Press the EXIT key to revert to TODAYS DATE TIME E X I T the CERT DETAILS screen 3-20 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 49 Lab humid. humidity can be entered via the three screen keys on the right. 3. The EXIT key reverts to the TODAYS DATE TIME E X I T CERT DETAILS screen. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-21...
Page 50 2. Use the alpha-numeric keypad to Final Width = 215mm enter a new laboratory name. 3. Press the EXIT key to revert to TODAYS DATE TIME the LAB DETAILS screen E X I T 3-22 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 51 'Present Settings' list; the parameters of CLR ( then ) will return to the incompleted entries will remain unchanged. LAB DETAILS screen. 3. Press the EXIT key to revert to the LAB DETAILS screen. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-23...
Page 52 E X I T 'Calibration Standard' screen. 'Measurement Type' blocks. The additional notes can be added on a screen which will be shown in Procedure mode when 'Engineers Notes' are enabled. 3-24 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 53 (other than for setting the viewing angle); • to enter Calibration mode (for calibration of the 9100 itself). The passwords can be changed once access has been gained to Configuration mode. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-25...
Page 54 9100 will reject both, and the process must be repeated. If both passwords are the same, the 9100 will accept the new password, and revert to the 'Select the password' screen. 3-26 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 55 9100 will reject both, and the process must be repeated. If both passwords are the same, the 9100 will accept the new password, and revert to the 'Select the password' screen. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-27...
Page 56 1. For access to alter the factory C E R T Configuration D E T A I L S Lead Capacitance Compensation, The 9100 is designed for use with the E N G Ser. No. XXXXXX Rev. XXX press the FLUKE LEAD...
Page 57 The maximum value is 2. The EXIT screen key reverts to the 'MORE' - 'Present Settings' Lead Cap (pF) = screen. TODAYS DATE TIME E X I T Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation 3-29...
Page 58 D A T E B O R D E R M O R E L I M I T T I M E L I N E with clock crystal stability of 25ppm. 3-30 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Modes of Operation...
Page 59: 3.4 Working With Front Panel Controls - Tutorials
3.4 Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials Final Width = 215mm Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-31...
Page 60: Output Controls
3.4 Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3.4.1 Output Controls The aim of these tutorials is to become familiar with the 9100 interactive display, and the manipulation of front-panel controls to alter variables, starting with those which affect output.
Page 61: Manual Mode - Typical Menu Screen
Manual Mode — Typical Menu Screen Ensure that the 9100 is installed and switched on as detailed in Section 2. If, after selecting Manual mode, the display does not correspond to Fig. 3.4.1 below, press the V key in the top right corner of the front panel.
Page 62: Edit Facilities - Introduction
Digit Access Cursor As we can see from Fig. 3.4.1, the numeric value of the 9100 output (whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON) is displayed in large characters just above the center of the screen. In Digit Edit, access to each digit is provided by a pair of enclosing triangles, called the 'Digit Access Cursor' (or just 'Cursor').
Page 63 Note that the next (more significant) digit changes up as the increase passes from 9 to Ø, and down as the decrease passes from Ø to 9. Leave the value set to + 1.ØØØØØ. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-35...
Page 64 Note that the next (more significant) digit changes up as the increase passes from 9 to Ø, and down as the decrease passes from Ø to 9. Leave the value set to + 1.ØØØØØ. 3-36 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 65 There is no auto-repeat built into the digit stepping keys. Stepping is repeated by successive key presses. Note that there are limits to the above stepping. See overleaf. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-37...
Page 66 '5' digit is lost and cannot be recovered except by incrementing after the original resolution has been restored; • The second press moves the cursor left to reach the most-significant digit position. 3-38 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 67 Press and release the Key another four times. Note that the resolution is now reduced to two decimal places, the lowest available in DCV function, but capable of displaying the highest voltage available from the 9100. 3.4.4.15 End-stop Recognition Final Width = 215mm Press and release the Key once again.
Page 68 Repeating shift-right actions will increase resolution to its higher limit (+1.ØØØØØ V), where the lowest voltages can be displayed. The 'Reached lower boundary' message is then displayed. 3-40 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 69 Note that the cursor will remain with its marked digit (as shown above) unless it is forced to move to the new least-significant digit. Repeating the shift-left actions will decrease resolution to its lower limit. The 'Top of range' message is then displayed. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-41...
Page 70 Pressing the '∆V' screen key adds the 'DC Voltage Offset' value to the lower right of the display presentation and the screen reverts to the main DC Voltage display. 3-42 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 71 Note that the cursor will always move to the value field for the latest selection. In this case, it moved to the V value field, because we pressed the Offset screen key last. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-43...
Page 72 Final Width = 215mm Notice the directions of movement. The general rule is that the cursor will move first down and left, then from left to right. 3-44 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 73 Voltage value, but not for deviation or offset). Press and release the Tab key again to place the cursors on the main output Setup for next tutorial stage. value field. Final Width = 215mm Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-45...
Page 74: Direct Edit Facility
3.4.5.1 Value Entry Box As we saw before from Fig. 3.4.1, the numeric value of the 9100 output is normally displayed in large characters just above the center of the screen. Once the Direct Edit facility has been invoked, an enclosed area (box) is provided on the screen, below a reduced-size version of the value to be changed.
Page 75 Final Width = 215mm ∆%= ∆V= TODAYS DATE TIME ∆ Fig. 3.4.6 Starting Point for 'Direct' Editing Next, we shall see the effects of using the numeric keypad. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-47...
Page 76 ∆%= ∆V= TODAYS DATE TIME ∆ Fig. 3.4.7 'Direct' Editing — Effect on Output Value and Screen Key Labels 3-48 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 77 Digit Edit, the new value is presented with its best resolution. The cursor will, of course, mark the least- TODAYS DATE TIME significant digit ∆ Fig. 3.4.8 Result of Pressing the 'Enter' Key Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-49...
Page 78 Enter (↵) key on the numeric keypad. The box disappears, and its contents become the new deviation value, whose size on the screen is restored. The new value adapts to the fixed deviation resolution: ∆%= 3-50 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 79 The new values ∆V=+ which appear when the Direct Edit box is removed will generally be fixed at the lowest resolution of the two. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-51...
Page 80 In calibrators with 'Floating' outputs, the permitted offset value is usually limited, because the output Lo can float to large values. However, for safety reasons, the 9100 output is 'Earthy' (i.e. the Lo and I- terminals are tied to analog Ground) and it is necessary to permit values of offset which approach the maximum available output value, in order to match possible offsets of the UUT.
Page 81 Now observe the output value. Notice that the resolution of the +10V is now adapted to that of the -1kV offset, i.e. +ØØ1Ø.ØØ. ÷ ± Final Width = 215mm ∆%= ∆V=- TODAYS DATE TIME ∆ Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-53...
Page 82: Continuous Dynamic Range
The cursor moves to the 1µV 'units' digit: Press once + 320.00 0 mV No change in output value, but you should hear a warning tone, and see an error message (Up range required). 3-54 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 83 On the next page, you will find a table which shows the spans of all DCV outputs for each of the resolutions as we discuss further the features of the 9100's continuous dynamic range. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-55...
Page 84 1µV (this would require a scale length of 1000.000000!). For efficient operation at the levels of DC Voltage accuracy required of the 9100, a scale length of six significant digits is more than adequate, so this has been implemented. Five spans of DC Voltage exist within the full DC Voltage dynamic range, each with its own constant absolute resolution.
Page 85 (also incorporated in AC Voltage function). Rules, built into firmware, govern transit between Low and High Voltage states. These rules are discussed in Sections 4.3 and 4.4. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-57...
Page 86: Screen Keys
When dividing, the new value is accomodated and activated within the present resolution, or placed in a higher resolution and activated, subject to the rules governing any thresholds which will be crossed. Refer to paras 3.4.7. 3-58 Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials...
Page 87 Looking Forward to Section 4 We have not yet covered all of the ground, and will continue in Section 4 to consider each of the 9100 functions in greater depth. Section 3: Model 9100 Controls: Working with Front Panel Controls — Tutorials 3-59...
Page 89: About Section
Section 3 should have given you practice at manipulating the front-panel controls. In Section 4 we shall guide you, in a general way, through the phases of operating the 9100 from the front panel, to calibrate a manually-operated measuring instrument. For a guide to using memory cards in Procedure Mode, please turn to Section 5.
Page 91 4.2.1 Introduction E-M Interference: This sub-section deals with the leads used to connect the 9100 to UUTs, and suggests the Noisy or intense electric, magnetic advantages of using the Model 9105 Lead Set for external connections. or electromagnetic fields close to instruments or connectors can disturb the measurement circuit.
Page 92 Lead Set Description General As can be seen from Fig 4.2.1, the 9105 plugs into the 9100 front panel terminals and D- type socket, and provides a connection unit (which is fitted beneath the work mat) from which short leads pass through slots in the mat, to plug into the UUT safety terminals. A set of adaptors is provided which can be used for UUTs which do not use safety terminals.
Page 93 I+ 20A I+mA and currents. Yell For details, refer to Volume 2 of this Fig. 4.2.2 Layout of 9105 Work Mat handbook: Section 7 — Specifications; page 7-1. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Interconnections 4.2-3...
Page 94 ('Multi-Contact' part no: 22.0130-2 Blue, 22.0130-5 Yellow) Screened single silver-plated copper core 7/0.2 Type B PTFE insulated. Two silver-plated copper cores 7/0.2 Type B PTFE insulated. Fig. 4.2.3 Circuit of 9105 Lead Set, with Main Cable Cross-Section 4.2-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Interconnections...
Page 95 DC Voltage Function — Operation 4.3.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required DC Voltage output. The following topics are covered: 4.3.2 Selection of DC Voltage Function. 4.3.2.1 'V' Key. 4.3.2.2 Default Settings.
Page 96 Whenever the DC Voltage menu screen is opened, except on recovery from a standby period, it will appear with the following default settings: ÷ Final Width = 215mm ± Z E R O TODAYS DATE TIME ∆ 4.3-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function...
Page 97 The Deviation value is limited to ±10% of the Output value. Output and Offset values are set into the same resolution. All values are set into the highest resolution available to their magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function 4.3-3...
Page 98 Otherwise, the operation of the editing keys is unchanged (paras 4.3.3.2), and direct editing can also be used 4.3-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function...
Page 99 Set Values: Output = +40V Deviation = -10% Offset = -50V. Terminal Voltage will be: [(1 - 10/100) x 40V] + (-50V) = [0.9 x 40] - 50V = -14V Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function 4.3-5...
Page 100 Using either the ÷10 screen key or Direct Editing; if the required value lies between increments of the present resolution, a greater resolution will be activated with reduced span. No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 4.3-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function...
Page 101 A default threshold value is set unless another is set by the user, and the active threshold value is stored in non-volatile memory. The whole 9100 voltage range is divided into two: Low Voltage (LV) state and High Voltage (HV) state. Any voltage within LV state can be output without hindrance, but...
Page 102 32V, then the OUTPUT ON LED will flash (regardless of whether the voltage is in High or Low Voltage State) to show that a potentially-dangerous voltage exists at the terminals. 4.3-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function...
Page 103 If the password is incorrect: an error message will be given and the TODAYS DATE TIME E X I T security icons will be removed, enabling a new attempt to enter the password. Continued Overleaf → Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function 4.3-9...
Page 104 'Current Settings' list. High Voltage state threshold is now active. 9. Press the Mode key at the right of the front panel to return to the 'Mode Selection' menu screen. 4.3-10 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function...
Page 105 Adaptor Parking Holes Final Width = 215mm Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.3.2 Interconnections for DC Voltage UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Voltage Function 4.3-11...
Page 106 (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.3.2, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select DC Voltage function.
Page 107 3.3.1. Familiarity with the methods of editing screen values is also assumed (Section 3). Calibration Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.3.2, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select DC Voltage function.
Page 109 AC Voltage Function — Operation 4.4.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required AC Voltage output. The following topics are covered: 4.4.2 Selection of AC Voltage Function. 4.4.2.1 'V' Key. 4.4.2.2 Default Settings.
Page 110 Peak 1.41421 V Mean 0.90032 V ÷ Final Width = 215mm Z E R O TODAYS DATE TIME ∆Φ ∆% WAVE FORM 4.4-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function...
Page 111 Evaluates the number in the box in Percentage Deviation. The Deviation value is limited to ±10% of the Output value. All values are set into the highest resolution available to their magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function 4.4-3...
Page 112 Pressing appropriate 'waveshape' screen key (e.g. 'square') sets the internal parameters to create the selected waveform. TODAYS DATE TIME ∆Φ ∆% WAVE FORM 4.4-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function...
Page 113 RMS output value, the peak and mean readings at the top of the screen will change between waveforms. Final Width = 215mm Sinusoidal Square Impulse Triangular Trapezoidal AC Voltage — Available Waveshapes with their Relative Phase Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function 4.4-5...
Page 114 PHASE LOCK IN ' on the rear panel). The phase of the 9100 output, relative to the synchronization point, can be altered over a range of ±180°. TODAYS DATE TIME ∆Φ...
Page 115 Reference Signal Output The reference signal produced by a 9100 is a PHASE LOCK Sinusoidal wide pulse, compatible with TTL, between the Reference levels +0.5V and +4.5V, with its negative- Square going edge coincident with the synchronization Reference points. (i.e. in phase with the ' PHASE LOCK ' input, when applied).
Page 116 Volt-Hertz profile will not be enabled. An audible warning will be given, accompanied by the screen message: ' Out of range Refer to Sub-section 4.4.6. 4.4-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function...
Page 117 No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 'Out of Range' Refer to Sub-Section 4.4.6. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function 4.4-9...
Page 118 No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 'Out of Range' Refer to Sub-Section 4.4.6. 4.4-10 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function...
Page 119 A default threshold value is set unless another is set by the user, and the active threshold value is stored in non-volatile memory. The whole 9100 voltage range is divided into two: Low Voltage (LV) state and High Voltage (HV) state. Any voltage within LV state can be output without hindrance, but...
Page 120 32V, then the OUTPUT ON LED will flash (regardless of whether the voltage is in High or Low Voltage State) to show that a potentially-dangerous voltage exists at the terminals. 4.4-12 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function...
Page 121 If the password is incorrect: an error message will be given and the TODAYS DATE TIME E X I T security icons will be removed, enabling a new attempt to enter the Comtinued Overleaf → password. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function 4.4-13...
Page 122 9. Press the Mode key at the right of the AC Voltage function. The new value front panel to return to the 'Mode of High Voltage state threshold is now Selection' menu screen. active. 4.4-14 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function...
Page 123 The other four waveshapes (see paras 4.4.3.4) have different limits: 1kHz maximum up to 150V peak (nominal); 45Hz-55Hz above 150V peak (nominal). Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function 4.4-15...
Page 124 Adaptor Parking Holes Final Width = 215mm Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.4.3 Interconnections for AC Voltage UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.4-16 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Voltage Function...
Page 125 (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.4.3, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select AC Voltage function.
Page 126 3.3.1. Familiarity with the methods of editing screen values is also assumed (Section 3). Calibration Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.4.3, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select AC Voltage function.
Page 127 DC Current Function — Operation 4.5.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required DC Current output. The following topics are covered: 4.5.2 Selection of DC Current Function. 4.5.2.1 'A' Key. 4.5.2.2 Default Settings.
Page 128 Final Width = 215mm ÷ ± Z E R O TODAYS DATE TIME ∆ S E L E C T O U T P U T 4.5-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function...
Page 129 The Deviation value is limited to ±10% of the Output value. Output and Offset values are set into the same resolution. All values are set into the highest resolution available to their magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function 4.5-3...
Page 130 Otherwise, the operation of the editing keys is unchanged (paras 4.5.3.2), and direct editing can also be used. 4.5-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function...
Page 131 Set Values: Output = +40mA Deviation = -10% Offset = -50mA. Terminal Current will be: [(1 - 10/100) x 40mA] + (-50mA) = [0.9 x 40] - 50mA = -14mA Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function 4.5-5...
Page 132 100nA -32.0000 mA to +32.0000 mA 30mA 1µA -320.000 mA to +320.000 mA 300mA 1µA -3.20000 A to +3.20000 A 10µA -20.0000 A to +20.0000 A Final Width = 215mm 4.5-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function...
Page 133 If OUTPUT is ON, it will be temporarily turned OFF so that the hardware can reconfigure, then ON again at the new current. No warning will be given. This interruption should cause little disturbance to the reading on any UUT. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function 4.5-7...
Page 134 10.5A is 2 minutes, then its value is reduced by half, and a limit of 10.5A is imposed. Subsequently, after four times the earlier >10.5A 'ON' time, the current can once again be raised above 10.5A. 4.5-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function...
Page 135 Effective current step-up ratios of X10 and X 50 are selected by connections to the 10- turn and 50-turn primaries. The 9100 I+ connects to either a '10 TURN' or a '50 TURN' terminal, and the I- terminal is connected to the 'COMMON' terminal on the same coil.
Page 136 Lead Kit, Model 9105; but it is possible to connect the coils directly to the front panel I+ and I- terminals. For the 9100 '10 TURN' selection, connect the 9100 I- (9105 'LI-' black lead) to the coils 'COM', and the 9100 I+ (9105 'I+ 20A' yellow lead) to the coils '10 TURN'.
Page 137 Lead Kit, Model 9105; but it is possible to connect the coils directly to the front panel I+ and I- terminals. For the 9100 '50 TURN' selection, connect the 9100 I- (9105 'LI-' black lead) to the coils 'COM', and the 9100 I+ (9105 'I+ 20A' yellow lead) to the coils '50 TURN'.
Page 138 Adaptor Parking Holes Final Width = 215mm Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.5.2 Interconnections for DCI 'NORMAL OUTPUT' UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.5-12 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function...
Page 139 Adaptor Parking Holes Final Width = 215mm Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.5.3 Interconnections for DCI 'AUX OUTPUT' UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function 4.5-13...
Page 140 Top of Coil in the same position with respect to the Non-Magnetic Surface pick-up conductor as it was when being Fig. 4.5.5 Position of Clamp Fig. 4.5.6 Position of Coil calibrated. 4.5-14 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Current Function...
Page 141 4. UUT a. If a UUT calibration adjustment is provided, adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that on the 9100 screen, as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide. b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT, record the UUT reading at the calibration point as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide.
Page 142 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output current to the UUT cal point value, and select the form of output (SELECT OUTPUT key). Reconnect (Fig. 4.5.2, 4.5.3 or 4.5.4) as required.
Page 143 AC Current Function — Operation 4.6.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required AC Current output. The following topics are covered: 4.6.2 Selection of AC Current Function. 4.6.2.1 'A' Key. 4.6.2.2 Default Settings.
Page 144 Peak 1.41421 V Mean 0.90032 V ÷ Final Width = 215mm Z E R O TODAYS DATE TIME ∆Φ ∆% WAVE SELECT FORM OUTPUT 4.6-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function...
Page 145 Evaluates the number in the box in Percentage Deviation. The Deviation value is limited to ±10% of the Output value. All values are set into the highest resolution available to their magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function 4.6-3...
Page 146 Pressing appropriate 'waveshape' screen key (e.g. 'square') sets the internal parameters to create the selected waveform. TODAYS DATE TIME ∆Φ ∆% WAVE SELECT FORM OUTPUT 4.6-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function...
Page 147 RMS output value, the peak and mean readings at the top of the screen will change between waveforms. Sinusoidal Square Impulse Triangular Trapezoidal AC Current — Available Waveshapes with their Relative Phase Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function 4.6-5...
Page 148 PHASE LOCK IN ' on the rear panel). The phase of the 9100 output, relative to the synchronization point, can be altered over a range of ±180°. TODAYS DATE TIME ∆Φ...
Page 149 Reference Signal Output The reference signal produced by a 9100 is a PHASE LOCK Sinusoidal wide pulse, compatible with TTL, between the Reference levels +0.5V and +4.5V, with its negative- Square going edge coincident with the synchronization Reference points. (i.e. in phase with the ' PHASE LOCK ' input, when applied).
Page 150 Amp-Hertz profile will not be enabled. An audible warning will be given, accompanied by the screen message: ' Out of range Refer to Sub-section 4.6.7. 4.6-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function...
Page 151 No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 'Out of range' Refer to Sub-section 4.6.7. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function 4.6-9...
Page 152 No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 'Out of range' Refer to Sub-section 4.6.7. 4.6-10 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function...
Page 153 If OUTPUT is ON, it will be temporarily turned OFF so that the hardware can reconfigure, then ON again at the new current. No warning is given. This interruption should cause little disturbance to the reading on any UUT. Final Width = 215mm Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function 4.6-11...
Page 154 10.5A is 2 minutes, then its value is reduced by half, and a limit of 10.5A is imposed. Subsequently, after four times the earlier >10.5A 'ON' time, the current can once again be raised above 10.5A. 4.6-12 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function...
Page 155 Effective current step-up ratios of X10 and X 50 are selected by connections to the 10- turn and 50-turn primaries. The 9100 I+ connects to either a '10 TURN' or a '50 TURN' terminal, and the I- terminal is connected to the 'COMMON' terminal on the same coil.
Page 156 Lead Kit, Model 9105; but it is possible to connect the coils directly to the front panel I+ and I- terminals. For the 9100 '10 TURN' selection, connect the 9100 I- (9105 'LI-' black lead) to the coils 'COM', and the 9100 I+ (9105 'I+ 20A' yellow lead) to the coils '10 TURN'.
Page 157 Lead Kit, Model 9105; but it is possible to connect the coils directly to the front panel I+ and I- terminals. For the 9100 '50 TURN' selection, connect the 9100 I- (9105 'LI-' black lead) to the coils 'COM', and the 9100 I+ (9105 'I+ 20A' yellow lead) to the coils '50 TURN'.
Page 158 ', or ' Frequency too big If the abortive attempt involves the use of Direct Editing. then a further message ' will be placed into the active editing box. Error! 4.6-16 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function...
Page 159 For UUTs without safety banana sockets, use appropriate adaptors. Adaptor Parking Holes Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.6.3 Interconnections for ACI 'NORMAL OUTPUT' UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function 4.6-17...
Page 160 Interconnections (Contd.) Adaptor Parking Holes Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.6.4 Interconnections for ACI 'AUX OUTPUT' UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.6-18 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function...
Page 161 Top of Coil Non-Magnetic Surface in the same position with respect to the pick-up conductor as it was when being Fig. 4.6.6 Position of Clamp Fig. 4.6.7 Position of Coil calibrated. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Current Function 4.6-19...
Page 162 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point frequency, current and output (SELECT OUTPUT key). Reconnect (Fig. 4.6.3, 4.6.4 or 4.6.5) as required.
Page 163 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point frequency, current and output (SELECT OUTPUT key). Reconnect (Fig. 4.6.3, 4.6.4 or 4.6.5) as required.
Page 165 Resistance Function — Operation 4.7.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required Resistance output. The following topics are covered: 4.7.2 Selection of Resistance Function. 4.7.2.1 'Ω' Key. 4.7.2.2 Default Settings. 4.7.3 Screen Keys.
Page 166 Final Width = 215mm Z E R O TODAYS DATE TIME ∆ Ω C H A N G E 4 W I R E C U R R E N T 4.7-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Resistance Function...
Page 167 The Deviation value is limited to ±10% of the Output value. Output and Offset values are set into the same resolution. All values are set into the highest resolution available to their magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Resistance Function 4.7-3...
Page 168 Otherwise, the operation of the editing keys is unchanged (paras 4.7.3.2), and direct editing can also be used. 4.7-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Resistance Function...
Page 169 [(1 + 5/100) x 10kΩ] + (+3kΩ) = [1.05 x 10kΩ] +3kΩ = 13.5kΩ b. Set Values: Output = 40Ω Deviation = -10% Offset = -30Ω. Terminal Resistance will be: [(1 - 10/100) x 40Ω] + (-30Ω)= [0.9 x 40Ω] - 30Ω = 6Ω Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Resistance Function 4.7-5...
Page 170 Using either the ÷10 screen key or Direct Editing; if the required value lies between increments of the present resolution, a greater resolution will be activated with reduced span. No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 4.7-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Resistance Function...
Page 171 (Vr) developed across it. Internal circuits then calculate the resistance digitally, using a form of Ohm's Law: R = V/I Final Width = 215mm The 9100 assumes that this form of measurement is employed by the UUT. A simplified illustration is shown in Fig. 4.7.1: Test Resistance Ω...
Page 172 The effect is that of placing a resistor of value (Virtual Resistance) between the front panel Hi and Lo terminals of the 9100. The method is shown in Fig. 4.7.2. Model 9100 Total...
Page 173 In Fig. 4.7.2, the 9100 and UUT are shown in 4-wire connection. One pair of wires passes (Hi and Lo at the 9100), while the second pair (Hi Sense and Lo Sense) senses the voltage at the UUT input terminals.
Page 174 4.7.5.6 2-Wire Connection If it is deemed absolutely necessary to use a two wire connection, the 9100 should be informed by de-selecting ' '. As illustrated in Fig.4.7.3, the 9100 will then 4 WIRE permanently short Hi to Hi Sense, and Lo to Lo Sense, so that at least the internal protection circuitry is compensated.
Page 175 When the Ohms function is entered from another function, the default resistance setting is 1kΩ, coupled with the default current span of 'UUTi Low'. As the resistance span is altered within Ohms function, the 9100 will default to the current span nearest to Final Width = 215mm that previously in use.
Page 176 The general connection scheme for UUT calibration is illustrated in Fig. 4.7.4. The use of either 4-wire remote sensing at the UUT terminals, or 2-wire local sensing at the 9100 terminals, is served by the same connections from the 9105 at the work mat. Selection of 2/4-wire is carried out on the 9100 front panel.
Page 177 (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.7.4, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select Resistance function.
Page 178 3.3.1. Familiarity with the methods of editing screen values is also assumed (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.7.4, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select Resistance function.
Page 179 Conductance Function — Operation 4.8.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required Conductance output. The following topics are covered: 4.8.2 Selection of Conductance Function. 4.8.2.1 'Aux' Key. 4.8.2.2 Default Settings. 4.8.3 Screen Keys.
Page 180 ÷ µS Final Width = 215mm TODAYS DATE TIME ∆ Ω C H A N G E 4 W I R E C U R R E N T 4.8-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Conductance Function...
Page 181 The Deviation value is limited to ±10% of the Output value. Output and Offset values are set into the same resolution. All values are set into the highest resolution available to their magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Conductance Function 4.8-3...
Page 182 Otherwise, the operation of the editing keys is unchanged (paras 4.8.3.2), and direct editing can also be used. 4.8-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Conductance Function...
Page 183 Set Values: Output = 40µS; Deviation = -10%; Offset = -30µS. Terminal Voltage will be: [(1 - 10/100) x 40µS] + (-30µS) = [0.9 x 40µS] - 50µS = 6µS Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Conductance Function 4.8-5...
Page 184 Using either the ÷10 screen key or Direct Editing; if the required value lies between increments of the present resolution, a greater resolution will be activated with reduced span. No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 4.8-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Conductance Function...
Page 185 ) developed across it. Internal circuits then calculate the conductance digitally, using the Law: Conductance: G = I/V The 9100 assumes that this form of measurement is employed by the UUT. A simplified illustration is shown in Fig. 4.8.1: Final Width = 215mm...
Page 186 (1/G The effect is that of placing a conductance of value (Virtual Conductance) between the front panel Hi and Lo terminals of the 9100. The method is shown in Fig. 4.8.2. Model 9100 Total Conductance...
Page 187 In Fig. 4.8.2, the 9100 and UUT are shown in 4-wire connection. One pair of wires passes (Hi and Lo at the 9100), while the second pair (Hi Sense and Lo Sense) senses the voltage at the UUT input terminals.
Page 188 4.8.5.6 2-Wire Connection If it is deemed absolutely necessary to use a two wire connection, the 9100 should be informed by de-selecting ' '. As illustrated in Fig.4.8.3, the 9100 will then 4 WIRE permanently short Hi to Hi Sense, and Lo to Lo Sense, so that at least the internal protection circuitry is compensated.
Page 189 In the synthesized conductance technology used in the 9100, the constant current sourced from the UUT must fall within a maximum of three spans of values for each dialled conductance value. The spans of constant source currents acceptable to the 9100, are shown...
Page 190 The general connection scheme for UUT calibration is illustrated in Fig. 4.8.4. The use of either 4-wire remote sensing at the UUT terminals, or 2-wire local sensing at the 9100 terminals, is served by the same connections from the 9105 at the work mat. Selection of 2/4-wire is carried out on the 9100 front panel.
Page 191 (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.8.4, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select Conductance function.
Page 192 3.3.1. Familiarity with the methods of editing screen values is also assumed (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.8.4, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select Conductance function.
Page 193 Frequency Function — Operation 4.9.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required Frequency output. The following topics are covered: 4.9.2 Selection of Frequency Function. 4.9.2.1 'Hz' Key. 4.9.2.2 Default Settings. 4.9.3 Screen Keys.
Page 194 Whenever the Hz menu screen is opened, except on recovery from a standby period, it will appear with the following default settings: ÷ Final Width = 215mm + 5. TODAYS DATE TIME % D U T Y 4.9-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Frequency Function...
Page 195: Duty
Selected High or Low Level Value Evaluates the number in the box in Volts. The selected High Level value or Low Level value is set into a resolution of four significant digits with two decimal places. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Frequency Function 4.9-3...
Page 196 Fig 4.9.1: High Level = +5V Mark Space Low Level = 500µs = 500µs = 0V Period = 1ms Repetition Rate = 1kHz Fig. 4.9.1 Frequency Function — Default Output Waveshape 4.9-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Frequency Function...
Page 197 -05.99 V to +06.00 V -06.00 V to +05.99 V In addition, the High Level cannot be set equal to or more negative than the Low Level. Final Width = 215mm Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Frequency Function 4.9-5...
Page 198 Using either the ÷10 screen key or Direct Editing; if the required frequency lies between increments of the present resolution, a greater resolution will be activated with reduced span. No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 4.9-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Frequency Function...
Page 199 Final Width = 215mm the output voltage will increment only on alternate display increments. This is allowed for in the 9100 accuracy specification. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Frequency Function 4.9-7...
Page 200 For UUTs without safety banana sockets, use appropriate adaptors. Adaptor Parking Holes Thermo Final Width = 215mm Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.9.2 Interconnections for UUT Frequency Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.9-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Frequency Function...
Page 201 (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.9.2, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select Frequency function.
Page 202 3.3.1. Familiarity with the methods of editing screen values is also assumed (Section 3). Calibration Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.9.2, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select Frequency function.
Page 203 4.10 Mark/Period Function — Operation 4.10.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a rectangular wave with required repetition rate and mark/period ratio. The following topics are covered: 4.10.2 Selection of Mark/Period function. 4.10.2.1 'Hz' Key.
Page 204 ÷ Final Width = 215mm INVERT + 5. TODAYS DATE TIME % D U T Y 4.10-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function...
Page 205 Selected High or Low Level Value Evaluates the number in the box in Volts. The selected High Level value or Low Level value is set into a resolution of four significant digits with two decimal places. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function 4.10-3...
Page 206 Up to 30V Output: 1ms ≤ Period; 10µs ≤ High Interval; 10µs ≤ Low Interval. In addition, the High Level cannot be set equal to or more negative than the Low Level. 4.10-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function...
Page 207 The thresholds between resolutions of Mark interval and of Period interval are given in paras 4.10.5.1. Analog hardware configurations for time-interval change are given in paras 4.10.5.2. Final Width = 215mm Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function 4.10-5...
Page 208 00.0006 ms to 99.9999 ms 01.0000 ms to 99.9999 ms 1µs 000.001 ms to 999.999 ms 001.000 ms to 999.999 ms 10µs 0000.01 ms to 2000.00 ms 0001.00 ms to 2000.00 ms 4.10-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function...
Page 209 Using either the ÷10 screen key or Direct Editing; if the required time-interval lies between increments of the present resolution, a greater resolution will be activated with reduced span. No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function 4.10-7...
Page 210 This is allowed for in the 9100 accuracy specification. 4.10-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function...
Page 211 For UUTs without safety banana sockets, use appropriate adaptors. Adaptor Parking Holes Thermo Couple Final Width = 215mm Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.10.2 Interconnections for Mark/Period UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Mark/Period Function 4.10-9...
Page 212 Follow the correct sequence of calibration stages as directed by the guide, and carry out the following operations (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point parameters: Mark time-interval, Period time-interval, High signal level voltage.
Page 213 Guide. Follow the correct sequence of calibration stages as directed by the guide, and carry out the following operations (1) to (5) at each stage. Final Width = 215mm 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point parameters: Mark time-interval, Period time-interval, High signal level voltage.
Page 215 % Duty Function — Operation 4.11.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a rectangular wave with required repetition rate and percentage duty cycle. The following topics are covered: 4.11.2 Selection of % Duty function.
Page 216 % DUTY it will appear with the following default settings: % D U T Y ÷ Final Width = 215mm INVERT + 5. TODAYS DATE TIME % D U T Y 4.11-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: % Duty Function...
Page 217 Evaluates the number in the box in Volts. The selected High Level value or Low Level value is set into a resolution of four significant digits with two decimal places. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: % Duty Function 4.11-3...
Page 218 30V Output: 1ms ≤ Period; 10µs ≤ High Interval; 10µs ≤ Low Interval. In addition, the High Level cannot be set equal to or more negative than the Low Level. 4.11-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: % Duty Function...
Page 219 'Mark' time- interval counter, it is possible only to determine a 'Mark' time-interval which is 'rounded' to its nearest digit of resolution. The 9100 specification accommodates this rounding. 4.11.4.3...
Page 220 Using the ÷10 screen key or Direct Editing; if the required time-interval lies between increments of the present resolution, a greater resolution will be activated with reduced span. No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 4.11-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: % Duty Function...
Page 221 Final Width = 215mm the output voltage will increment only on alternate display increments. This is allowed for in the 9100 accuracy specification. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: % Duty Function 4.11-7...
Page 222 Adaptor Parking Holes Thermo Couple Final Width = 215mm Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.11.2 Interconnections for % Duty UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.11-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: % Duty Function...
Page 223 ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select % Duty function. 3. 9100 Ensure that the 9100 is in % Duty Function with Output OFF. If in any other function, press the ' ' key on the right of the front panel, then the screen key at the left of the bottom row.
Page 224 ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select % Duty function. 3. 9100 Ensure that the 9100 is in % Duty Function with Output OFF. If in any other function, press the ' ' key on the right of the front panel, then the screen key at the left of the bottom row.
Page 225 N.B. The functions of Option 250 or 600 (Oscilloscope Calibration Module) are 'Auxiliary' functions, and are added to the Auxiliary screen. For details of Option 250/600 functions, refer to the Model 9100 User's Handbook, Volume 3, Section 14, Sub-section 14.3.
Page 226: Auxiliary Functions
Option 135 is fitted If Option 250 or Option 600 is fitted, the Auxiliary screen will appear as shown below. For details of Option 250/Option 600 functions, refer to the Model 9100 User's Handbook, Volume 3, Section 14, Sub-section 14.3.
Page 227: Capacitance
For further details refer to the following sub-sections: This Volume 1 4.13 Capacitance 4.14 Temperature (Thermocouple) 4.15 Temperature (PRT) 4.16 Logic Pulses 4.17 Logic Levels 4.18 Insulation/Continuity Volume 3 14.3 'Auxiliary' Oscilloscope Functions Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Auxiliary Functions 4.12-3...
Page 229 4.13 Capacitance Function — Operation 4.13.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required Capacitance output. The following topics are covered: 4.13.2 Selection of Capacitance Function. 4.13.2.1 'Aux' Key. 4.13.2.2 Default Settings. 4.13.3 Screen Keys.
Page 230 4 W I R E C U R R E N T N.B. The 'compensation' message will not always appear — conditions for internal compensation are described in the left column of the page opposite. 4.13-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Capacitance Function...
Page 231 The Deviation value is limited to ±10% of the Output value. Output and Offset values are set into the same resolution. All values are set into the highest resolution available to their magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Capacitance Function 4.13-3...
Page 232 Otherwise, the operation of the editing keys is unchanged (paras 4.13.3.2), and direct editing can also be used. 4.13-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Capacitance Function...
Page 233 Set Values: Output = 40µF; Deviation = -10%; Offset = -30µF. Terminal Capacitance will be: [(1 - 10/100) x 40µF] + (-30µF) = [0.9 x 40µF] - 30µF = 6µF Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Capacitance Function 4.13-5...
Page 234 Using either the ÷10 screen key or Direct Editing; if the required value lies between increments of the present resolution, a greater resolution will be activated with reduced span. No warning will be given. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 4.13-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Capacitance Function...
Page 235 Digital calculations will derive the value of the test capacitance, knowing the stimulus. Final Width = 215mm The 9100 assumes that a method such as that of Fig. 4.13.1, is employed by UUTs. Test Capacitance...
Page 236 9100 display (including any Offset and Deviation variations): dv /dt = i The effect is that of placing a virtual capacitance of value (C ) between the front panel Hi and Lo terminals of the 9100. The method is shown in Fig. 4.13.2, below: Model 9100 Total Capacitance...
Page 237 Compensation Bridge is used to compensate for these impedances between the voltage and the UUT input. In Fig. 4.13.2, the 9100 and UUT are shown in 4-wire connection. One pair of wires passes (Hi and Lo at the 9100), while the second pair (Hi Sense and Lo Sense) senses the voltage at the UUT input terminals.
Page 238 4.13.5.6 2-Wire Connection If it is deemed absolutely necessary to use a two wire connection, the 9100 should be informed by deselecting ' '. As illustrated in Fig.4.13.3, the 9100 will then 4 WIRE permanently short Hi to Hi Sense, and Lo to Lo Sense, so that at least the internal protection circuitry is compensated.
Page 239 (refer to pages 4.13-2/3). Once selected, UUTi Super will persist until one of the lower five spans (0.5µF CURRENT to 40µF) is selected, when the 9100 reverts to UUTi Low. The indications given on the screen for the two different spans are as follows:...
Page 240 Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.13.4 Interconnections for 4-Wire or 2-Wire Capacitance UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.13-12 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Capacitance Function...
Page 241 4. UUT a. If a UUT calibration adjustment is provided, adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that on the 9100 screen, as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide. b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT, record the UUT reading at the calibration point as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide.
Page 242 3.3.1. Familiarity with the methods of editing screen values is also assumed (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.13.4, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select Capacitance function.
Page 243 4.14 Thermocouple Function — Operation 4.14.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for simulating thermocouples, producing a DC Voltage output related to temperature. The following topics are covered: 4.14.2 Selection of Thermocouple Function. 4.14.2.1 'Aux' Key.
Page 244 If the unit or scale is changed by screen keys, the new selection will persist until a non- temperature function is selected. Then subsequent reselection of the Thermocouple function will revert to the default shown above. 4.14-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Thermocouple Function...
Page 245 ° Evaluates the number in the box in degrees Fahrenheit. Evaluates the number in the box in Kelvins. All temperature values have the resolution: 5 significant digits with 1 decimal place. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Thermocouple Function 4.14-3...
Page 246 T Y P E 4.14.3.4 Temperature Scales The 9100 supports two types of temperature scale: IPTS-68 (default) and ITS-90. The ' key toggles between the two scales, and the active selection appears on TEMP SCALE the bottom right of the screen as shown.
Page 247 4.14.4.2 Software Compensation (Fig 4.14.1) Socket One of the 9100 accessories is an isothermal block, which connects directly into the D-type socket on the front of the 9100. D-Type Plug This block supports two reference junctions which terminate directly as a two-pin socket, into which a standard thermocouple...
Page 248 4.14.6.2 Hardware Configurations As the DC Voltage simulation of the thermocouple is served by only one hardware configuration, there are no hardware configuration thresholds to cross. 4.14-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Thermocouple Function...
Page 249 On most UUTs, the plug/socket connection is unique and cannot be wrongly connected Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.14.2 Interconnections for Thermocouple UUT Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Thermocouple Function 4.14-7...
Page 250 4. UUT a. If a UUT calibration adjustment is provided, adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that on the 9100 screen, as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide. b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT, record the UUT reading at the calibration point as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide.
Page 251 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.14.2, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. Ensure that the CJC pod fitted to the leadset connection block (or 9100 front panel) is the same unit that was calibrated together with the 9100 unit in use.
Page 253 RTD Temperature Function — Operation 4.15.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for simulating a RTD sensor, producing a Resistance output related to temperature. The following topics are covered: 4.15.2 Selection of RTD Temperature Function.
Page 254 10Ω and 2kΩ using the normal digit and direct editing methods described in Section 3. The simulation can be made to conform to a second curve, the US PT392. This can be selected using the RTD TYPE key as described in paras 4.15.3.3. 4.15-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: RTD Temperature Function...
Page 255 Evaluates the number in the box in degrees Fahrenheit. Evaluates the number in the box in Kelvins. All temperature values have the same resolution: 6 significant digits with 2 places of decimals. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: RTD Temperature Function 4.15-3...
Page 256 S C A L E 4.15.3.4 Temperature Scales The 9100 supports two types of temperature scale: IPTS-68 (default) and ITS-90. The ' key toggles between the two scales, and the active selection appears on TEMP SCALE the bottom right of the screen as shown.
Page 257 The RTD sensor is inherently non-linear, and sensor thermometers incorporate circuitry or software to permit linear R = V/I temperature scales to be used. The 9100 is therefore required to Subsequent calculations use the published non-linear simulate the RTD non-linearity in order to test the UUT.
Page 258 ) converted from the temperature set on the display: The effect is that of placing a resistor of value (Virtual Resistance) between the front panel Hi and Lo terminals of the 9100. The method is shown in Fig. 4.15.2. Model 9100 Temperature Total...
Page 259 Final Width = 215mm and the UUT input. In Fig. 4.15.2, the 9100 and UUT are shown in 4-wire connection. One pair of wires passes (Hi and Lo at the 9100), while the second pair (sHi and sLo) senses the voltage at the UUT input terminals.
Page 260 4.15.4.6 2-Wire Connection If it is deemed absolutely necessary to use a two wire connection, the 9100 should be informed by de-selecting ' '. As illustrated in Fig.4.15.3, the 9100 will then 4 WIRE permanently short Hi to Hi Sense, and Lo to Lo Sense, so that at least the internal protection circuitry is compensated.
Page 261 9100 will default to the current span nearest to that previously in use. For instance, when decreasing the output setting from the default 25°C — UUTi high current span (250µA to 3.5mA), to -160°C (approx 35Ω in the 0-40Ω resistance span), the 9100 Final Width = 215mm will automatically select the low current span (250µA to 3.5mA).
Page 262 ON again at the new resistance. No warning will be given. This interruption should cause little disturbance to the reading on any UUT. When moving from one hardware configuration to another, the 9100 will attempt to retain the same current output for the new output value.
Page 263 The general connection scheme for UUT calibration is illustrated in Fig. 4.15.4. The use of either 4-wire remote sensing at the UUT terminals, or 2-wire local sensing at the 9100 terminals, is served by the same connections from the 9105 at the work mat. Selection of 2/4-wire is carried out on the 9100 front panel.
Page 264 4. UUT a. If a UUT calibration adjustment is provided, adjust the UUT reading to be equal to that on the 9100 screen, as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide. b. If no adjustment is provided on the UUT, record the UUT reading at the calibration point as detailed in the UUT Manufacturer's Calibration Guide.
Page 265 (Section 3). 9100 and UUT Setup 1. Connections Connect the 9100 to the UUT as shown in Fig. 4.15.4, and ensure that both instruments are powered ON and warmed up. 2. UUT Select the RTD Temperature function.
Page 267 4.16 Logic-Pulses Function — Operation 4.16.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating logic pulses with defined pulse width and repetition interval. The following topics are covered: 4.16.2 Selection of Logic-Pulses Function. 4.16.2.1 'Aux' Key.
Page 268 Auxiliary menu screen, except on recovery from a standby period, it will appear with the following default settings, with ' ' selected: ÷ Final Width = 215mm INVERT TODAYS DATE TIME T T L C M O S E C L 4.16-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Pulses Function...
Page 269 Evaluates the number in the box in Milliseconds. Evaluates the number in the box in Seconds. The selected Pulse Width or Repetition interval value is set into the highest resolution available to its magnitude. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Pulses Function 4.16-3...
Page 270 The selected pulse width and repetition interval will remain the same. Selected Signal Voltage Logic Level High +5.00 V 0.00 V CMOS High +5.00 V 0.00 V High -0.90 V -1.75 V 4.16-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Pulses Function...
Page 271 The thresholds between resolutions of Pulse Width interval and of Repetition interval are given in paras 4.16.5.1. Hardware configurations for time-interval change are given in paras 4.16.5.2. Final Width = 215mm Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Pulses Function 4.16-5...
Page 272 Interval ratio of 1 or greater. The user must reset either the Pulse Width or the Repetition Interval to give a ratio less than 1. This rule applies whether OUTPUT is OFF or ON. 4.16-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Pulses Function...
Page 273 If OUTPUT is ON, it will be temporarily turned OFF so that the hardware can reconfigure, then ON again at the new time-interval. No warning is given. This interruption should cause little disturbance to the reading on any UUT. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Pulses Function 4.16-7...
Page 274 Adaptor Parking Holes Final Width = 215mm Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.16.2 Interconnections for UUT Logic Pulses Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.16-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Pulses Function...
Page 275 Follow the correct sequence of calibration stages as directed by the guide, and carry out the following operations (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point parameters, and select the required logic signal: Pulse width, and Repetition interval;...
Page 276 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point parameters, and select the required logic signal level: Pulse width, and Repetition interval;...
Page 277 4.17 Logic-Levels Function — Operation 4.17.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating test DC Voltage levels for TTL, CMOS and ECL logic. The following topics are covered: 4.17.2 Selection of Logic-Levels Function. 4.17.2.1 'Aux' Key.
Page 278 Logic-Pulses menu screen, except on recovery from a standby period, it will appear Final Width = 215mm with the following default settings, and with '1/Ø' selected: LOW LVL TODAYS DATE TIME T T L C M O S E C L 4.17-2 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Levels Function...
Page 279 Digit Edit; then set the value as evaluated in the box. i. DC Voltage Level Evaluates the number in the box in Volts. The DC Voltage Level value is set into a resolution of three significant digits with two decimal places. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Levels Function 4.17-3...
Page 280 -0.9V * V -1.11V 0.00V Intermediate — — — — -1.48V -1.11V < < LOW LVL -1.75V V -1.48V -5.20V * indicates the default value on selection of that logic family. 4.17-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Levels Function...
Page 281 4.17.5.2 Hardware Configurations As the DC Voltage output values are obtainable from only one hardware configuration, there are no hardware configuration thresholds to cross. Final Width = 215mm Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Levels Function 4.17-5...
Page 282 For UUTs without safety banana sockets, use appropriate adaptors. Adaptor Parking Holes Final Width = 215mm Thermo Couple Work Mat I+ 20A I+mA Yell Fig. 4.17.1 Interconnections for UUT Logic-Levels Calibration (Leads which are not shown are not connected) 4.17-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Logic-Levels Function...
Page 283 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to select the UUT cal point logic signal and set the required parameters: TTL signal, or CMOS signal, or ECL signal.
Page 284 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to select the UUT cal point logic signal and set the required parameters: TTL signal, or CMOS signal, or ECL signal.
Page 285 Insulation/Continuity Function — Operation 4.18.1 Introduction This sub-section is a guide to the use of the Model 9100 Option 135 — an option that extends the functionality of the active resistance feature to include the calibration of hand- held insulation and continuity testers.
Page 286 (the Model 9105 lead mat is suitable). 3. Do not touch the connections during any part of the test. 4. Never get the tester or the Model 9100 wet or near to sources of water. 5. Never operate the unit in damp conditions or in very high relative humidity.
Page 287 V = X.XXX xV ÷ MΩ d a t e t i m e Ω Ω Ω ∆ C H A N G E C U R R E N T Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Insulation/Continuity Function (Option 135) 4.18-3...
Page 288 These fields operate in the same manner as for the existing active ohms circuit, and the user is encouraged to refer to Section 4.7.3.3 and 4.7.4.1 for a more detailed explanation. 4.18-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Insulation/Continuity Function (Option 135)
Page 289 Evaluates the number in the box as Gigohms ii. Deviation Value Evaluates the number in the box in Percentage Deviation. Refer to section 4.7.3 for a further explanation with examples. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Insulation/Continuity Function (Option 135) 4.18-5...
Page 290 Model 9100 Option 135 provides a display of UUT output voltage and current in the top right-hand corner of the screen to enable the user to confirm that this is the case.
Page 291 200mA into a short circuit), the series resistance of the test leads and the internal resistances of the UUT and 9100 would cause measurement inaccuracies. Always ensure that you connect the UUT to the instrument in 4-wire mode when conducting...
Page 292 2. There is no CHANGE CURRENT key. The internal dynamic range settings of the Model 9100 hardware have been optimally configured for continuity measurements. Correspondingly, there is no bargraph indication of the UUT current setting as this is automatically adjusted by the Model 9100.
Page 293 Ω Ω Ω ∆ C H A N G E C U R R E N T The insulation resistance value defaults to 1.000MΩ. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Insulation/Continuity Function (Option 135) 4.18-9...
Page 294 To perform a verification of an insulation tester, the following procedure should be followed: 1. Connect the insulation tester’s positive output terminal to the 9100 HI terminal and the insulation tester’s negative output terminal to the 9100 LO terminal. You may connect the UUT either in 2-wire or 4-wire configuration, as the high-voltage active impedance is a 2-wire function.
Page 295 2. Select the desired resistance value on the 9100 screen, using either the Direct or Digit Edit method. 3. Turn the 9100 output ON. The unit will beep for a few seconds before switching on to indicate that high voltages may be present across the terminals.
Page 296 Control Voltage and Display Current Measurement Virtual R − Pseudo − Constant Voltage Source Voltage Calculation Measurement and Display Fig. 4.18.2: Model 9100 Option 135 Configuration for Insulation Function 4.18-12 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: Insulation/Continuity Function (Option 135)
Page 297 2. If you attempt connection to the 9100 with the lead polarity reversed, when you press the UUT test button you will see a message ‘UUT polarity reversed or no UUT applied voltage’.
Page 298 This can be extrapolated using Ohm’s law to indicate the maximum voltage on each range that the UUT can supply to the virtual resistive load the 9100 produces. The internal architecture of Option 135 has been designed to suit the output voltage versus resistance curves for a typical range of insulation testers, and this is the default SuperI (Super Current) mode.
Page 299 The output voltage or current of Ignore if you do not have the TEST button pressed the UUT is too low. (the 9100 has no way of recognising this), or press gives best UUT performance. the CHANGE CURRENT key to re-scale the 9100 for a lower current/voltage input signal (N.B.
Page 301: Dc Power
4.19 DC Power Function — Operation 4.19.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required DC Power output. The following topics are covered: 4.19.1.1 Default Settings and Configurations 4.19.2 Selection of DC Power Function W Key 4.19.2.1...
Page 302 4.19.1.1 Default Settings and Configuration Before using the Model 9100's DC Power function you can view and, if necessary, change this function's default settings. To do this, press the Mode front panel key, followed by CONFIG the softkey sequence CONFIG, MORE, MORE, .
Page 303 (Manual Mode selected) Entry is via the Aux key at the bottom right of the ‘CALIBRATION SYSTEM’ panel, followed by the POWER softkey if an oscilloscope calibration option (Option 250 or Option 600) is fitted to the Model 9100. If no oscilloscope calibration option is fitted, the Power selection softkeys illustrated below will appear immediately the Aux key is pressed.
Page 304 MODE Final Width = 215mm Note that the 9105 Lead/Workmat must NOT be used with the Model 9100's Power function. You must use the 9104 lead or an equivalent. If a 9105 Lead/Workmat is connected to the Model 9100, the message 1014 “Power output not allowed with 9105...
Page 305 Configures the Auxiliary channel to provide a current source via 50 TURN COIL a x50 current coil. Configures the Auxiliary channel as a voltage source. V O L T A G E Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Power Function - Operation 4.19-5...
Page 306 Some power meters respond to this, others do not. The key enables the display to be the same as the instrument under test. 4.19-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Power Function - Operation...
Page 307 (displayed as an equivalent current), or to allow the selection of current coils that can be used to boost the effective current output as described in 4.19.3. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Power Function - Operation 4.19-7...
Page 308 Rules, built into firmware, govern passage across thresholds between resolutions: These rules are generally the same as described in Section 4.4.5.1. Best available resolution and specification are obtained immediately using direct entry. 4.19-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: DC Power Function - Operation...
Page 309 4.19.5.3 Low and High Voltage States In the interests of safety, to avoid electric shock, the 9100 incorporates a high voltage interlock system for both DC and DC Power functions. The interlock threshold voltage can be chosen by the user. A default threshold value is set unless another is set by the user, and the active threshold value is stored in non-volatile memory.
Page 310 9104, is supplied with the Power Option. No electrical connection is possible between the Voltage and Current channels of the Model 9100. This is not usually a limitation as power meters are almost universally equipped with isolated volts and current Final Width = 215mm channels.
Page 311 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point frequency and voltage, entering High Voltage State if the cal point has been assigned to that State. The default High Voltage State boundaries are shown in Fig.
Page 312 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point frequency and voltage, entering High Voltage State if the cal point has been assigned to that State. The default High Voltage State boundaries are discussed in Sections 4.19.5.3 and 4.19.5.4.
Page 313: Ac Power
4.20 AC Power Function — Operation 4.20.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required AC Power output. The following topics are covered: 4.20.1.1 Default Settings and Configurations 4.20.2 Selection of AC Power Function 4.20.2.1...
Page 314 4.20.1.1 Default Settings and Configuration Before using the Model 9100's AC Power function you can view and, if necessary, change this function's default settings. To do this, press the Mode front panel key, followed by CONFIG the softkey sequence CONFIG, MORE, MORE, .
Page 315 Ω Ω °C LOGIC Figure 4.20.2 - the Auxiliary Function selection screen. Final Width = 215mm AC Power is selected by pressing the W vertical softkey. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation 4.20-3...
Page 316 WV FRM UNITS MODE Note that the 9105 Lead/Workmat must NOT be used with the Model 9100's Power function. Final Width = 215mm You must use the 9104 lead or an equivalent. If a 9105 Lead/Workmat is connected to the...
Page 317 Configures the Auxiliary channel to provide a simulated current via a 50 TURN COIL x50 current coil. V O L T A G E Configures the Auxiliary channel as a voltage source. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation 4.20-5...
Page 318 Ø = field only. Reverses the polarity of the value indicated in the phase angle edit field. ≡ ZERO P =, V =, I =, V , Ø = fields only. Sets the value in the active edit field to zero. 4.20-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation...
Page 319 Similarly, for VAR the reactive power needs the term Sin∅, obtained in the Model 9100 by subtracting 90° from the ∅ shown, then multiplying the two waveforms together. (Note that if a target machine...
Page 320 TIME ∆ Φ VOLTAGE CURRENT POWER CHANNEL WV FRM WV FRM UNITS MODE REF OUTPUT enabled will make the instrument the master (when units are phase locked together). 4.20-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation...
Page 321 4.20.3.5 Conditions for Operation Same Frequency For any two 9100 units (Master and Slave), both must be set to the same frequency of 1kHz or lower, before the output of the Driven unit is turned on. Good Practice In general, a slave unit will be well-behaved if the synchronizing pulse is interrupted.
Page 322 Ø angle increases, specifications tend to worsen. For this reason, most calibrations are performed at low phase angles.) Altering phase causes Power and VARs to be recalculated. 4.20-10 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation...
Page 323 This field is 'read only'. It is calculated automatically according to the equation:- Power in Watts Main x I Where I Aux is the displayed real or equivalent current. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation 4.20-11...
Page 324 If direct entry into the Power field is used, Current and Phase must first be set to suitable values. For information concerning other waveshapes and available voltages, refer to Sections 7.4 and 7.6. 4.20-12 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation...
Page 325 Low and High Voltage States Final Width = 215mm In the interests of safety, to avoid electric shock, the 9100 incorporates a high voltage interlock system for both DC and AC Power functions. The interlock threshold voltage can be chosen by the user. A default threshold value is set unless another is set by the user, and the active threshold value is stored in non-volatile memory.
Page 326 The other four voltage waveshapes (see Section 4.4.3.4) have different limits:- 1kHz maximum up to 150V peak (nominal) 45Hz-55Hz above 150V peak (nominal) Final Width = 215mm 4.20-14 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Power Function - Operation...
Page 327 A suitable lead set is supplied with the Power Option. No electrical connection is possible between Voltage and Current channels of the 9100. This is not usually a limitation as power meters are almost universally equipped with isolated volts and current channels.
Page 328 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point frequency, voltage and current, entering High Voltage State if the cal point has been assigned to that State. The default High Voltage State boundaries are shown in Fig.
Page 329 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Output to the UUT cal point frequency, voltage and current, entering High Voltage State if the cal point has been assigned to that State. The default High Voltage State boundaries are shown in Fig.
Page 331: Ac Harmonics
4.21 AC Harmonics Function — Operation 4.21.1 This sub-section is a guide to the use of the 9100 for generating a required AC Harmonics output. The following topics are covered: 4.21.1.1 Default Settings and Configurations 4.21.2 Selection of AC Harmonics Function W Key 4.21.2.1...
Page 332 4.21.1.1 Default Settings and Configuration Before using the Model 9100's AC Harmonics function you can view and, if necessary, change this function's default settings. To do this, press the Mode front panel key, CONFIG followed by the softkey sequence CONFIG, MORE, MORE, .
Page 333 Ω Ω °C LOGIC Final Width = 215mm Figure 4.21.2 - the Auxiliary Function selection screen. AC Harmonics is selected by pressing the W vertical softkey. Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Harmonics Function 4.21-3...
Page 334 ∅ = 000.00 ° (This is the internal phase angle of I or aux V relative to V. It defines the starting point of the first harmonically related waveform relative to the 0 ° point of the fundamental.) 4.21-4 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Harmonics Function - Operation...
Page 335 V O L T A G E ∆ Φ This softkey will bring up an expansion menu that allows the user to enable/ disable the instrument phase angle field. For further details refer to Section 4.21.3.3 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Harmonics Function 4.21-5...
Page 336 The most important of these warnings are outlined in Section 4.21.3.4 opposite. REF OUTPUT enabled will make the instrument the master (when units are phase locked together. 4.21-6 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Harmonics Function - Operation...
Page 337 4.21.3.4 Conditions for Operation Same Frequency For any two 9100 units (Master and Slave), both must be set to the same frequency of 1kHz or lower, before the output of the Driven unit is turned on. Good Practice In general, a slave unit will be well-behaved if the synchronizing pulse is interrupted.
Page 338 Exceeding some part of the operating envelope will cause an audible warning to be given, accompanied by a screen message: 'Out of range'. Refer also to Section 4.4.6. 4.21-8 Section 4: Using the Model 9100: AC Harmonics Function - Operation...
Page 339 Maximum and minimum values available. Absolute resolution of the least-significant digit. The Voltage and Harmonics thresholds follow those of the Main (fundamental) and Auxiliary (harmonics) outputs respectively, as defined in the Model 9100 Specifications. 4.21.5.2 Frequency, Harmonic and Resolution Thresholds The frequency is limited to the range 10 Hz to 3.0000 kHz, 6 significant figures.
Page 340 4.21.5.4 Low and High Voltage States In the interests of safety, to avoid electric shock, the 9100 incorporates a high voltage interlock system for both DC and AC Power functions. The interlock threshold voltage can be chosen by the user. A default threshold value is set unless another is set by the user, and the active threshold value is stored in non-volatile memory.
Page 341 A suitable lead set is supplied with the Power Option. No electrical connection is possible between Voltage and Current channels of the 9100. This is not usually a limitation as power meters are almost universally equipped with isolated volts and current channels.
Page 342 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Main Output to the UUT cal point frequency, voltage and current, entering High Voltage State if the cal point has been assigned to that State. The default High Voltage State boundaries are shown in Fig.
Page 343 (1) to (5) at each stage. 1. 9100 a. Use the front panel controls to set the 9100 Main Output to the UUT cal point frequency, voltage and current, entering High Voltage State if the cal point has been assigned to that State. The default High Voltage State boundaries are shown in Fig.
Page 344 Final Width = 215mm...
Page 345: Section 5 Using The Model 9100 - Procedure Mode
Section 5 we shall guide you, in a general way, through the phases of using a procedure card in the 9100, to calibrate a manually-operated measuring instrument (UUT). For a guide to using front panel controls in Manual Mode, please turn to Section 4.
Page 347: Procedure Mode - Safety And General Notes
Even if the program has locked up, this button is effective in cutting off the output. Section 5: Using the Model 9100 — Procedure Mode: Safety and General Notes 5.2-1...
Page 348 5.2.3.2 Output Slewing In the '1 Year Verification' procedure within Procedure mode, there is a need for the 9100 output to be adjusted ('slewed') around the nominal test point value. This enables the 'slew error' to be registered in the 9100 internal memory, to appear on printed certificates.
Page 349 Final Width = 215mm Section 5: Using the Model 9100 — Procedure Mode: Safety and General Notes 5.2-3...
Page 350 'PROCEDURE' slot on the 9100 front panel. The results of these operations can be saved on Static RAM memory cards, inserted in the right 'RESULTS' slot. The 9100 'Test' mode of operation can be used to erase SRAM cards containing old results, and initialize them as blank results cards (refer to Volume 2, Section 8, paras 8.3.4.5).
Page 351 The Static RAM cards can be write-protected by means of a small switch on the opposite end to the contact pins. Obviously this protection must be switched off before the 9100 can write results. If a card is write protected, a warning message will appear on the screen.
Page 352 When in use, before the first results for a procedure are written into the 'Results' card, the 9100 system will review the free memory space on the card. If this is less than 150% of the procedure's estimated results requirement, the user will be warned to insert a different card.
Page 353: Procedure Mode - Access Guide
Final Width = 215mm 5.3.3.9 Procedures — Card-Based Operating Instructions. 5.3.3.10 'ABORT'. 5.3.3.11 'END'. 5.3.3.12 User Options Following 'ABORT' or 'END'. 5.3.3.13 Common Operations in Procedure Mode — Summary of Actions. Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.3-1...
Page 354 The required mode is selected by pressing its appropriate screen key on the bottom row; then the 'Mode Selection' screen will be replaced by the mode's first menu screen (or in the case of Configure or Calibration mode, the password entry screen). 5.3-2 Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode...
Page 355 After one of the shift keys has been pressed, and before pressing the '↵' key, the corresponding shift icon is presented at the bottom right of the screen. Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.3-3...
Page 356 Up to now, there has been no need to use the Procedure memory card. After this point, the 9100 needs to extract information from the card, so the card required for the UUT must be inserted into the 'Procedure' slot, and pushed firmly home. But first:...
Page 357 A choice is given: whether to use the loaded procedures, or to insert a new card to load a different model's procedures. For the same model, merely press the 'MODEL' screen key and the 9100 will transfer to the 'Enter the SERIAL NUMBER ...' screen.
Page 358 If the wrong card has been inserted: Final Width = 215mm Remove that card, insert another, then press the NEW CARD screen key to tell the 9100 that a different card has been inserted. More than one manufacturer listed in the new card:...
Page 359 If the wrong card has been inserted: Final Width = 215mm Remove that card, insert another, then press the NEW CARD screen key to tell the 9100 that a different card has been inserted. More than one manufacturer listed in the new card: The 9100 lists the manufacturers whose models' procedures are resident in the new card.
Page 360 5.3.3.7 Enter the Serial Number of the Subject UUT Having selected the UUT model, the 9100 asks for the serial number to be entered so that any results can be identified. This is done on the following screen: Enter the SERIAL NUMBER of UUT..
Page 361 5.5. ISO9000 Verify Final Width = 215mm This is a variant of 1 Year Verification, different in that the 9100 provides a wider range of test points to verify performance in greater detail than is recommended by the Manufacturer.
Page 362 Procedure Activation Once the type of procedure has been selected, the downloaded user-interactive program will be run by the 9100. Subsequent instructions appearing on the screen will be derived from the programmed sequences. No further routine instructions are given here, as they may vary from model to model and are developed within the programmed sequences.
Page 363 Please select one of the softkeys below. For the choices obtained from the five screen keys, refer to paras 5.3.3.12. TODAYS DATE TIME USER MODEL PROC SERIAL RETRY Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.3-11...
Page 364 This selection re-runs the same procedure which has just ended or been aborted. It is assumed that the same unit is being tested, so the same serial number will appear on any results print-out. 5.3-12 Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode...
Page 365 Procedure Name - OK your meter ABORT Selected Procedure ABORT The procedure has ABORT been ABORTED The procedure has ended USER MODEL PROC SERIAL RETRY Fig. 5.3.1 Procedure Mode — Access to Procedures Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.3-13...
Page 367: Procedure Mode - Adjustment Only Procedure
'UUT ADJUST'. 5.4.3.3 High Voltage Warning. 5.4.3.4 OK / FAIL Screen Keys. 5.4.3.5 'REPEAT PREV.' Key. 5.4.3.6 'ABORT' Key and End of Procedure. 5.4.4 Verification of Results. Final Width = 215mm Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.4-1...
Page 368 Procedure Activation Once the type of procedure has been selected, the downloaded user-interactive program will be run by the 9100. Subsequent instructions appearing on the screen will be derived from the programmed sequences. No further routine instructions are given here, as they may vary from model to model and are developed within the programmed sequences.
Page 369 U U T T a r g e t TODAYS DATE TIME Repeat FAIL ABORT Prev. The identity of the adjustment controls will be given. For their location and access, refer to the UUT calibration instructions. Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.4-3...
Page 370 5.4.3.4 OK / FAIL Screen Keys The use of the 'OK' and 'FAIL' screen keys is to inform the 9100 whether or not it was possible, by making the specified adjustment, for the UUT measurement to be set to the Final Width = 215mm target value.
Page 371 Following any adjustment, the UUT performance must be verified in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Either the '1 Year Verification', the ISO9000 Verify, the 'Verify Pass/Fail' or the 'ISO9000 Verify procedure can be used, depending on local requirements. Final Width = 215mm Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.4-5...
Page 373: Procedure Mode - '1 Year Verification' & 'Iso9000 Verify' Procedures
These will become evident while using the programmed procedure cards, and need no further explanation here. When reading this sub-section for the 'ISO9000 Verify' procedure, merely substitute 'ISO9000 Verify' for '1 Year Verification'. Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.5-1...
Page 374 The procedure titles appear in the same order as the procedures are stored on the card. Use cursor keys to highlight the '1 Year Verification' or 'ISO9000 Verify' procedure, then press 'OK'. The 9100 will transfer to a menu screen which starts the procedure.
Page 375 Cursors Prev. By adjusting the 9100 output until the UUT shows the target value, the actual error in the UUT measurement can be registered, and stored within the 9100 itself. Subsequently, this error can be printed on any results certificate.
Page 376 'OK' / 'FAIL' Screen Keys The use of the 'OK' and 'FAIL' screen keys (or the left/right buttons of a mouse) is to inform the 9100 whether or not it was possible, by slewing the source, for the UUT Final Width = 215mm measurement to be set to the target value.
Page 377 The effects of: (a) pressing the 'ABORT' screen key; or: (b) arriving at the end of the card procedure; are described in sub-section 5.3, paras 5.3.3.9 to 5.3.3.13. Final Width = 215mm Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.5-5...
Page 378 5.5.4 Output Slewing In the '1 Year Verification' and 'ISO9000 Verify' procedures, there is a need for the 9100 output to be adjusted ('slewed') around the nominal test point value. This enables the 'slew error' to be registered in the 9100 internal memory, to appear on printed certificates.
Page 379: Procedure Mode - 'Verify Pass/Fail' & 'Iso9000 Pass/Fail' Procedures
These will become evident while using the programmed procedure cards, and need no further explanation here. When reading this sub-section for the 'ISO9000 Pass/Fail' procedure, merely substitute 'ISO9000 Pass/Fail' for 'Verify Pass/Fail'. Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.6-1...
Page 380 The procedure titles appear in the same order as the procedures are stored on the card. Use cursor keys to highlight the 'Verify Pass/Fail' or 'ISO9000 Pass/Fail' procedure, then press 'OK'. The 9100 will transfer to a menu screen which starts the procedure.
Page 381 FAIL ABORT Prev. Using the 'PASS' or 'FAIL' keys, the UUT pass / fail status is stored within the 9100 itself. Subsequently, this status can be printed on any results certificate. Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.6-3...
Page 382 If the UUT measurement is not at or within the target value upper and lower limits, the 'FAIL' key should be pressed. This will cause the 9100 to register the test as a 'Fail': Fail: The UUT measurement error is greater than 100% of the specification tolerance for that particular test point.
Page 383 The effects of: (a) pressing the 'ABORT' screen key; or: (b) arriving at the end of the card procedure; are described in sub-section 5.3, paras 5.3.3.9 to 5.3.3.13. Final Width = 215mm Section 5: Using the Model 9100: Procedure Mode 5.6-5...

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