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EIM Lab-OnThe-Go Manual

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Table of Contents

01 -
02 -
Breadboard ................................................................................
Power Supply .............................................................................
Multimeter .................................................................................
Oscilloscope ..............................................................................
Function Generator ....................................................................
03 -
Wires ..........................................................................................
Resistors .....................................................................................
Capacitors ..................................................................................
Operational Amplifier ................................................................
Diodes ........................................................................................
Bipolar Junction Transistor ........................................................
555 Timer ...................................................................................
04 -
4.1 - Simple LED Circuit .............................................................
4.2 - Touch Sensor ......................................................................
4.3 - Half Wave Rectifier .............................................................
4.4 - Astable Multivibrator Circuit ...............................................
4.5 - Soil Moisture Detector ........................................................
4.6 - Flashing LED with 555 Timer ..............................................
4.7 - A Lousy Hypnotizer ............................................................
4.8 - Breathing LED ....................................................................
4.9 - Inverting Amplifier ..............................................................
4.10 - Non-inverting Amplifier ....................................................
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Summary of Contents for EIM Lab-OnThe-Go

  • Page 1: Table Of Contents

    Table of Contents 01 - Learn Electronics with Confidence ........... 02 - Setting Up a Miniature Electronics Lab ..........Breadboard ................Power Supply ................Multimeter ................. Oscilloscope ................Function Generator ..............03 - Prepare Componets and Tools ............Wires ..................Resistors ..................

  • Page 3: Learn Electronics With Confidence

    Learn Electronics with Condifence CH 1 1. Learn Electronics with Condifence Learning electronics, circuits and hardware can be a fascinating journey, but it always comes with its own set of challenges: • Abstract concepts that may be difficult to understand •...
  • Page 4 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual As a leading supplier in Educational Technology, we are committed to offering solutions that help to address those issues existed in electronics learning and teaching. The hardware kit you just opened is called Lab-On- The-Go, a set of portable and handy equipment and tools that allows you gain hands-on practices while learning the concepts of electronics and circuits.

  • Page 5: Setting Up A Miniature Electronics Lab

    Setting Up a Miniature Electronics Lab CH 2 2. Setting Up a Miniature Electronics Lab The Lab-On-The-Go (or LOTG) learning kit includes a complete set of portable and handy equipment that allows you learn, build and test many fancy circuits with minimum setting up efforts and dependencies. Once first open the package, you should observe 4 tools: If you have no prior knowledge of using these tools, please take a moment to read the simple starter guidance before jumping ahead.
  • Page 6 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual An X-ray diagram of the breadboard internal holes is illustrated below. Holes with interconnected wires indicate they are electrically conductive. Typically, the 4 rows serve as power rails and 30 columns are reserved for wiring components. In electronics, a functional circuit should have a closed loop for the path of electrical current.

  • Page 7: Power Supply

    Setting Up a Miniature Electronics Lab CH 2 Power Supply A DC power supply is an essential tool in any electronics laboratory. It provides a stable and adjustable source of DC voltage, which is necessary to feed electrical power to the rest of elements in a circuit. The power supply included in the LOTG hardware kit is called MEGO, which is a rechargeable breadboard compatible power supply with features to adjust and display output voltage.
  • Page 8 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual The MEGO power supply can directly plug-fit to the breadboard power rails without using extra wires or power outlets. As shown in the figure below, when MEGO is plugged on one side of the breadboard, the two power rails have the same voltage as displayed on the power supply.

  • Page 9: Multimeter

    Setting Up a Miniature Electronics Lab CH 2 Multimeter A multimeter is another important tool commonly seen in most electronics labs. A digital multimeter, also known as DMM, is capable to measure various electrical properties such as voltage, current, resistance and conductivity, which are key parameters while diagnosing and troubleshooting electrical circuits.

  • Page 10: Oscilloscope

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual For experimental purposes, you will also find the accessory alligator clips being particularly handy. By attaching to the wires being measured, your hands can be freed for other work. The VEGO multimeter has a feature that automatically switches off the device if it is not used for 5 minutes. This helps to extend the battery life of the device and ensures that the battery is not drained unnecessarily.
  • Page 11 Setting Up a Miniature Electronics Lab CH 2 The oscilloscope you will find in the kit is called Zoolark, which is a miniature device that has multiple functions integrated into it. Zoolark is significantly less expensive than industrial oscilloscopes yet it still allows you to perform basic waveform scoping and measurements.

  • Page 12: Function Generator

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual The Zoolark oscilloscope is designed to assist novice users in gaining a qualitative understanding of waveform properties and serves as a convenient tool for troubleshooting and circuit testing. You will still need to rely on industrial level benchtop oscilloscopes for more precise quantitative measurement results.
  • Page 13 Setting Up a Miniature Electronics Lab CH 2 Do not get frustrated if you do not immediately see a function generator in the LOTG kit. In fact, the function generation feature is integrated in the same Zoolark device. To turn on the function generator on Zoolark, switch to the signal generation interface using the Mode selection button.
  • Page 14 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Zoolark function generator is able to synthesize three types of AC signals: triangular, square and sinusoidal. You can also adjust the amplitude, frequency and DC offset (vertical shift) using the buttons. The generated signal can be accessed using the WAV pin at the debugging port. A high-end function generator designed for use on a workbench may come with extra features that allow it to produce higher frequency, modulated signals, frequency sweeps or data bursts, which will inevitably...

  • Page 15: Prepare Componets And Tools

    Prepare Components and Tools CH 3 3. Prepare Components and Tools Wires In an electrical circuit, all devices and components are interconnected by wires. Wires are made of metal that is covered by a protective layer for insolation purposes. The internal core metal of wires is typically made of copper or aluminum.

  • Page 16: Resistors

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual You should note that main purpose of jumper wires is to setup electrical connections between components, but are not designed to load high current. For circumstances which you need to load current higher than 1A, it is recommended to use wires of higher current ratings. If you want your circuit looks neater, the single core breadboard hookup wires are good alternatives.
  • Page 17 Prepare Components and Tools CH 3 The commonly used resistors in breadboard circuiting are carbon film resistors and metal film resistors. Manufacturers use a color code system that consists of bands of color painted on the resistor and make it easier to identify the resistor value.

  • Page 18: Capacitors

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual The resistors included in the kit bag have nominal power of 1/4W, which is not designed to load big current. For applications that larger current is flowing through the resistor (meaning a higher voltage is applied across the two terminals), you need use bigger resistors with higher rated power.
  • Page 19 Prepare Components and Tools CH 3 The fabrication process of capacitors may vary to serve for different engineering purposes. For general circuiting purposes, ceramic and electrolytic type capacitors are more often used. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized so we will always connect the negative polarity to lower voltage.

  • Page 20: Operational Amplifier

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Operational Amplifier The operational amplifier (Op-amp) was first invented by Karl D. Swartzel Jr. in 1941 and was initially used in analog computers (and soon being used as artillery director during WWII). It has since become a ubiquitous component in electronic circuits, used for amplification, filtering, and signal conditioning.

  • Page 21: Diodes

    Prepare Components and Tools CH 3 Op-amp is a basic building block for many analog circuits and is widely used in electronic devices, e.g., Zoolark has 6 op-amps in its hardware design. In this starter guide you will also build inverting and non-inverting amplifiers which are two fundamental circuits of op-amp applications.

  • Page 22: Bipolar Junction Transistor

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Diodes are used in a variety of electronic applications, including rectification (converting AC to DC), voltage regulation, and signal detection. Diodes also have other variations such as Zener diodes, Light emitting diodes (LED), photo diodes, Schottky diodes etc. In this guide we prepared a few diode applications for you to get familiar with its basic characteristics.
  • Page 23 Prepare Components and Tools CH 3 The electrical symbol presented below shows that BJTs are three terminal devices: (B) stands for Base, (C) stands for Collector and (E) stands for Emitter. The NPN, or N-type transistor has an arrow pointing outward from the base, while the PNP, or P-type transistor has an arrow pointing inward towards the base.

  • Page 24: 555 Timer

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Different types of packages are available for BJTs to suit specific applications. Smaller packages are typically used for signal processing applications and have a lower current handling capacity, while larger packages with metal plates are designed for higher current loads and may require a heat sink to dissipate the heat generated.
  • Page 25 Prepare Components and Tools CH 3 The 555 Timer gets its name from the three 5kΩ resistors inside of it. These resistors create a voltage divider network between the supply voltage (Vcc at pin 8) and ground (pin 1). This voltage divider sets the inverting input of comparator two (right) to 2/3Vcc and the non-inverting input of comparator one (left) to 1/3Vcc.
  • Page 26 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual If you're struggling to understand the working principle of the 555 timer through its internal block diagram, don't be discouraged. Analog circuit design is an advanced topic that requires a strong foundation, and your knowledge and skills can be improved with more practices. In fact, many useful and practical circuits can be realized by simply knowing basic configurations of the 555-based circuits, which you will work on some hands-on examples in next section.

  • Page 27: Get Started With Circuits

    Get Started with Circuits CH 4 4. Get Started with Circuits 4.1 Simple LED Circuit Components needed Resistor (100Ω) Power Supply Toggle Switch Schematic...

  • Page 28: Touch Sensor

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Working Principle This circuity gives the fundamental structure to light an LED. The resistor connected in series with LED is often referred as current limiting resistor, which regulates the amount of current flowing through the LED and prevent damage of LED due to overcurrent.
  • Page 29 Get Started with Circuits CH 4 Schematic Working Principle We mentioned that a BJT can act like a current-controlled switch. Electrically, human skin can be modeled as a large value resistor. When the finger touches two wire terminals, they form a closed loop circuit that activates the BJT.

  • Page 30: Half Wave Rectifier

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual 4.3 Half Wave Rectifier Components needed Zoolark Diode (1n4148) Capacitor (10uF) Resistor (1kΩ) Schematic Working Principle A half-wave rectifier allows only the positive portion of an input AC signal to pass through while blocking the negative portion. The circuit consists of a diode, a load resistor, and an input AC voltage source.

  • Page 31: Astable Multivibrator Circuit

    Get Started with Circuits CH 4 Circuiting Setup 4.4 Astable Multivibrator Circuit Components needed Power Supply Zoolark NPN-Transistor (2N3904) x2 Resistor (470Ω) x2 LED x2 Capacitor (10uF) x2 Resistor (47kΩ) x2...
  • Page 32 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Schematic Working Principle Astable multivibrators are commonly used type of relaxation oscillator. An astable multivibrator has no stable states thus the output alternates from low voltage to high voltage. A simple and low-cost multivibrator can be built using two BJTs, resistors and capacitors, which operates by alternately turning on and off each transistor.

  • Page 33: Soil Moisture Detector

    Get Started with Circuits CH 4 Circuiting Setup 4.5 Soil Moisture Detector Components needed Power Supply Trimpot NPN-Transistor (2N3904) Resistor (470Ω) x3 LED x3 Diode (1n4148) x2...
  • Page 34 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Schematic Working Principle A soil moisture detector circuit utilizes the phenomenon that the soil moisture is inversely related to resistance. Placing two wires into the soil is electrically equivalent to a variable resistor, which we may use it to control the base voltage of an N-type transistor configured into an emitter follower configuration.

  • Page 35: Flashing Led With 555 Timer

    Get Started with Circuits CH 4 4.6 Flashing LED with 555 Timer Components needed Power Supply LED x2 Resistor (100kΩ) Resistor (200kΩ) Resistor (1kΩ) x2 Capacitor (10nF) 555 timer Capacitor (10uF) Schematic...
  • Page 36 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Working Principle The 555 timer is a popular and versatile integrated circuit first introduced in 1971. The 555 timer can be used in a wide range of electronic circuits, such as oscillators, timers, waveform generators, motor control, audio circuits and others.

  • Page 37: A Lousy Hypnotizer

    Get Started with Circuits CH 4 4.7 A Lousy Hypnotizer Components needed Power Supply Buzzer Resistor (10kΩ) Capacitor (10nF) 555 timer Capacitor (47uF) x2 Schematic...
  • Page 38 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Working Principle The combination of the 555 timer, R , and C creates a low-frequency oscillator that produces a sequence of pulses. These pulses are then transmitted to a buzzer to produce a sound resembling rainfall, which is believed to aid in falling asleep more quickly.

  • Page 39: Breathing Led

    Get Started with Circuits CH 4 4.8 Breathing LED Components needed Resistor (100Ω) Power Supply Resistor (10kΩ) x2 Resistor (47kΩ) x2 Capacitor (220uF) x2 NPN-Transistor 555 timer (2N3904) Schematic...

  • Page 40: Inverting Amplifier

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Working Principle A breathing LED can create a pulsating effect, where the LED gradually increases and decreases in brightness, resembling the pattern of breathing. The circuit typically consists of a pair of capacitor and resistor that create a time constant in range of seconds so that the charging/ discharging process can be visualized.
  • Page 41 Get Started with Circuits CH 4 Schematic Working Principle An inverting amplifier is a type of operational amplifier (Op-amp) circuit that produces an output with opposite polarity of its input signal. The circuit consists of an Op-amp configured in negative feedback (output connects back to inverting input) and two resistors to adjust the voltage gain.

  • Page 42: Non-Inverting Amplifier

    LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual 4.10 Non-inverting Amplifier Components needed Resistor (10kΩ) Power Supply Opamp (LM358) Resistor (20kΩ) Schematic Working Principle A non-inverting amplifier produces an output signal in phase with its input signal. Similar to an inverting amplifier, the basic structure of a non- inverting amplifier consists of an op-amp configured in negative feedback and two resistors.

  • Page 43: Apx A - User Guidance Of The Power Supply (Mego)

    User Guidance of the Power Supply Apx A Circuiting Setup Appendix A: User Guidance of the Power Supply (MEGO) MEGO is a portable power supply which can feed electricity for low wattage circuits and electronics hardware. MEGO is capable to generate wide output DC voltage from 4V to 24V.
  • Page 44 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Getting familiar with your device...
  • Page 45 User Guidance of the Power Supply Apx A Technical Specifications How to use the device...
  • Page 46 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Attention • Keep the device out of the reach of children • Do not use a cable to connect USB Output port to USB Input port • Do not charge your phone if you set output voltage higher than 5V •...

  • Page 47: Apx B - User Guidance Of The Multimeter (Vego)

    User Guidance of the Multimeter Apx B • Immediately turn off the switch if the device emits smoke, strange sounds or other anomalies. Under no circumstances attempt to repair it yourself. Contact the retail outlet where the device was purchased •...
  • Page 48 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Getting familiar with your device Technical Specifications...
  • Page 49 User Guidance of the Multimeter Apx B Measurement Modes NCV (Non-contact Voltage) VEGO has an internal sensor to detect the electromagnetic field of an AC voltage. In position f or NCV mode, the built-in buzzer will periodically sound while VEGO is in proximity of a AC voltage source (e.g. Line power). The buzzing frequency increases for higher AC voltage.
  • Page 50 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Automatic Power Off (APO) By default setting, VEGO will trigger APO after 15 minutes of inactivity (the built-in buzzer will sound 5 times one minute before shutdown). To resume the setting from APO, press SEL button so VEGO will resume back .

  • Page 51: Apx C - Integrated Signal Generator And Oscilloscope (Zoolark)

    Integrated Signal Generator and Oscilloscope Apx C • When replacing the fuse, please use the same size and type of fuse. • DO NOT connect VEGO to a circuit that may potentially exceed the maximum measured values • DO NOT measured voltage when the Dash Panel Knob is in position 'D', 'E', 'G', 'H' •...
  • Page 52 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Getting familiar with your device...
  • Page 53 Integrated Signal Generator and Oscilloscope Apx C Technical Specifications Connecting Zoolark to a Computer Zoolark is capable to communicate to a computer which allows waveform to be displayed on a larger screen and have data exported. Please note that the older firmware version did not open the communication protocol so you need to ensure the device has an up-to-dated firmware.
  • Page 54 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual 2. Unzip the folder, then click the “Zookee . exe” file located in the folder. This is an executable file. 3. The interface of Zookee is introduced in the following picture. 4. Connect Zoolark to your computer’s USB port and turn on the device. Click Refresh icon to get the port and then Link the device.
  • Page 55 Integrated Signal Generator and Oscilloscope Apx C 5. Once connection has established, the software will display Zoolark’s waveform. You can open the cursor function for more detailed measurement. The Export icon allows data to be exported in .csv format. Instructions for Firmware Updates Firmware is a piece of machine code to be flashed into the hardware and enables certain functionalities of the device.
  • Page 56 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual 3. Once the driver is installed, open Zookee and click the yellow upload icon on the right top conner, as indicated in the figure. Then select the location where your firmware file is located. Again, the firmware file for Zoolark should have extension of .axf.
  • Page 57 Integrated Signal Generator and Oscilloscope Apx C Limitations of this device Zoolark may serve as a handy and immediate assisting tool for qualitative measuring, testing and debugging of your circuits, though the performance is not comparable to the professional benchtop instruments which are more suitable for industrial and scientific applications that require precise quantitative results.
  • Page 58 LOTG Lab-On-The-Go Manual Measuring signals with Zoolark • While Zoolark is connected to USB for measurements, it is configured into slave mode, which means you can only control Zoolark on the computer side. • Only CH1 has trigger function, which means if you connect a signal to CH2 only, the signal is not steady •...

  • Page 59: Apx D - Commonly Used Electrical Symbols

    Commonly Used Electrical Symbols Apx D Appendix D: Commonly Used Electrical Symbols Connected Unconnected Ground DC Supply AC Supply Battery Wire Wire Basic SPST Switch Push Button SPDT Switch Resistor Potentiometer Amplifer Diode Photodiode Non Polarized Polarized Operational Capacitor Capacitor Amplifer Light Bulb Buzzer...

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