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Nortel Meridian Companion Reference Manual

Nortel Meridian Companion Reference Manual

Nortel meridian companion: reference manual
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NOTICE: Notwithstanding any explicit confidentiality or proprietary markings to the contrary, the
information contained in this document has been reviewed and approved for public disclosure
by Nortel. However, the access to, use and disclosure of this document and the information
contained therein continue to be subject to copyright and other restrictions, conditions and
limitations as detailed in the Terms of Use. (http://www.nortel.com/help/legal/index.html)
Meridian 1
Meridian Companion
Site Planning Reference Manual
Document Number: 553-3601-106
Document Release: Standard 2.00
Date: September 1996
Copyright @ 1996—1999 Nortel Networks, All Rights Reserved
Printed in Canada
The information contained herein is the property of Nortel Networks and is strictly confidential. Except as
expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder shall keep all information contained herein
confidential, shall disclose the information only to its employees with a need to know, and shall protect the
information, in whole or in part, from disclosure and dissemination to third parties with the same degree of
care it uses to protect its own confidential information, but with no less than reasonable care. Except as
expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder is granted no rights to use the information
contained herein.
Meridian 1, SL-1, and Companion are trademarks of Nortel Networks Corporation.
NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL
Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual

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  • Page 1 Except as expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder is granted no rights to use the information contained herein.

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    CDT components ... 14 How the CDT works ... 14 Interpreting the portable’s tones... 16 Conducting a CDT operational check ...17 Cell boundary values...18 Using the CDT to determine cell boundaries ...19 Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page iii of vi...
  • Page 4 Site planning basics... 21 The basics of planning a site ... 21 Site planning prerequisites ... 22 Required site information... 22 Labeling a floor plan ... 24 Cell center location ... 26 Covering outdoor areas ...26 Covering a single floor indoor area ...29 Single-floor coverage techniques ...31 Determining the number of Base Stations per cell ...
  • Page 5 Selecting the appropriate indoor antenna ... 89 Simulating indoor external antennas with the CDT ... 91 Using coaxial cable and an external antenna ... 91 Changing the cell boundary value... 91 Appendix C: Fading ... 93 Fading... 93 Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 6 Appendix D: Key planning concepts ... 95 Key planning concepts... 95 Synchronization ... 95 Power control... 96 Portables...96 Base Stations ... 96 Optimizing power control ...97 Base Station and cell relationships... 97 Auto administration ...97 Portable originated calls ... 98 Optimizing portable originated calls...

  • Page 7: About This Manual

    This manual is used by the Companion site planner to plan and install the best possible Companion system for the site. For the basics of Companion site planning, refer to your Guide to Site Planning. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 8 Page 2 of 102 About this manual 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996...

  • Page 9: Companion System Overview

    Companion system, using ports. Base Stations relay call information between the Controller and portables. Portables are wireless telephones. Figure 1 : The basic Companion System cell center portable Base Station access lines cell Controller ports Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 3 of 102 cell cell link...
  • Page 10 As shown in Figure 2, the coverage area is the part of the site where the customer wants to use their Companion system. The coverage area can be indoors and outdoors. Figure 2 : Coverage terminology cell center critical point coverage area When planning a site for coverage by a Companion system, the outermost points from the center of the coverage area are critical points.

  • Page 11: Base Stations

    The external antenna ports for each Base Station radio can be connected to external antennas by coaxial cables. In this case, the installer configures the radios to use only the external antenna ports and there is no antenna diversity. COMPANION external antenna port for radio 2 Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 12 Page 6 of 102 Companion system overview The antenna and lightning surge arrestor assembly for PCI is shown in Figure 4. Several types of antennas for CT2Plus are shown in Figure 5. Figure 4 : Antenna and lightning surge arrestor for PCI antenna wall mounting bracket...
  • Page 13 3 dB in direction of beam, 0 dB at right angles to direction of beam. omnidirectional 2 dB in the horizontal plane. Gain is negative above or below the antenna. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual outdoor omnidirectional external antenna Gain...
  • Page 14 Page 8 of 102 Companion system overview 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996...

  • Page 15: Base Station Location

    Base Stations and the cell edge (usually close to the ceiling). Installing Base Stations on the ceiling has the following advantages over installing Base Stations on a wall: Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 9 of 102...
  • Page 16 — it is easy for you to keep the Base Stations beyond the minimum — it gives you more planning flexibility Install Base Stations on the ceiling unless — the ceiling has architectural or decorative features that prohibit the — the ceiling construction prevents you from mounting a Base Station —...

  • Page 17: Installing Multiple Base Stations In A Cell Center

    • Do not mount Base Stations in rows. Northern Telecom Northern Telecom Northern Telecom Northern Telecom 80 in. (2.0 m) minimum in. (9 cm) between the Base Stations in. (9 cm) from each other. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 18 • If there are three or four Base Stations at the cell center, install them on the ceiling. • If there are one or two Base Stations at the cell centers, you can install the Base Stations upright on a wall, or on a ceiling as shown in Figure 7. Figure 7 : Base Station positioning 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996 COMPANION...

  • Page 19: Companion Deployment Tool

    For more information on using the CDT, refer to Companion Deployment Tool User Guide. Figure 8 : Companion Deployment Tool COMPANION Northern Telecom battery documentation Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 13 of 102 CDT transceiver portable stand...

  • Page 20: Cdt Components

    CDT components The CDT consists of the following components: • a stand • a CDT transceiver Note: The CDT transceiver will not function as a Base Station. You • a battery inside a battery holder • a portable • CDT documentation When used with the CDT transceiver, the portable continuously displays two values.
  • Page 21 1 second selects the internal antennas and sets the cell boundary value selects the external antenna and sets the cell boundary value sets the cell boundary value Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 22: Interpreting The Portable's Tones

    Figure 9 : Fully raised CDT Note: The CDT stand is available in three heights: 8 ft (2.4 m), 12 ft (3.6 m) and 16 ft (4.8 m). Do not position your CDT transceiver next to large concrete or marble columns.

  • Page 23: Conducting A Cdt Operational Check

    If the display shows -35, the CDT works properly. If the display does not show -35, repeat this procedure with a different portable. If the display still does not show -35, replace the transceiver. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 24: Cell Boundary Values

    Cell boundary values The strength of the radio signal the portable receives decreases as you walk away from the cell center. As shown in Figure 10 on page 18, the cell boundary is the farthest place from the cell center where you hear a good radio signal.

  • Page 25: Using The Cdt To Determine Cell Boundaries

    Note 1: When you are determining the range, hold the portable Indoors (without office) -73 dBm approximately 40 to 50 in. (1.0 to 1.3 m) from the floor. Do not bring it too close to walls or other objects. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Outdoors -75 dBm...
  • Page 26 Note 2: Walk briskly as you listen to the tones. This is necessary to get Stand at a position near the CDT where the portable displays a signal strength that is at least 10 dB stronger than the cell boundary value and where you hear a continuous tone.

  • Page 27: Site Planning Basics

    You will use one or more of the following surveying methods in your site survey: • single floor • multiple adjacent floors • subsequent system installation • high portable density area • multiple systems installation Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 21 of 102...

  • Page 28: Site Planning Prerequisites

    Site planning prerequisites Before you go to the site, make sure that you have the following: • a working CDT and portable telephone • any keys needed for secured areas where you require coverage • copies of the site floor plan (one working and one clean copy) •...
  • Page 29 Note: The floor plans should include a scale. The scale is used for the range for outdoor coverage and to check wiring distances from the Controller to the Base Stations. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 30: Labeling A Floor Plan

    Labeling a floor plan Clearly mark information on the floor plans during planning. Your customer, the sales group, the installer and maintenance personnel need to read these floor plans. Use a different color for each cell. Use the same color for each cell center and its corresponding cell boundaries.
  • Page 31 Note: The system administrator needs to know the position of any external antennas and the position of the Base Station that connects to them. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual 2 a n t e n na s...

  • Page 32: Cell Center Location

    Cell center location Covering outdoor areas Note: The customer decides whether the site requires outdoor coverage. Cover outdoor areas before covering indoor areas. Use the CDT to determine the outdoor coverage provided by a Base Station located indoors. Because you cannot use the CDT transceiver outside, use Table 6 on page 28 to estimate the coverage of outdoor external antennas.
  • Page 33 Note 1: Use Table 6 only when the external antenna is 13 ft 4 in. (4 m) or more above the highest terrain. Note 2: The range does not encompass any structures or earth mounds greater than 7 ft (2 m) tall and 7 ft (2 m) wide. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 34 Table 6 Range for outdoor external antennas (ft [m]) Coaxial cable length 3 (1) 7 (2) 10 (3) 13 (4) 17 (5) 20 (6) 23 (7) 27 (8) 30 (9) 33 (10) 1. For PCI protocol, only these lengths of cable are available. Using the potential location for outdoor external antennas as a center point, draw a circle on the floor plan with the radius equal to the range found in Table 6, “: Range for outdoor external antennas (ft [m]),”.

  • Page 35: Covering A Single Floor Indoor Area

    Measure the range into the coverage area in a few directions to determine where a cell center can be located and still be within range of the critical point. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 36 Mark a small x on the floor plan where you reach cell boundary values. Draw a thin contour line through the x’s. Select another nearby critical point and repeat steps 1 to 4. Note: The intersection of the contour lines is a potential cell center. Choose a position on the floor plan for the cell center that —...

  • Page 37: Single-Floor Coverage Techniques

    You always start planning with the single-cell technique because you do not always know what the range is or how many cells you will need to cover the area between the critical points. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 38 Single-cell technique Always start with the single-cell technique regardless of the distance between the two critical points. With this technique you find one cell center that serves two critical points, as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14 : Single-cell distance technique c e l l c e n t e r f l o o r m a r k e r c r i t i c a l p o i n t...
  • Page 39 Repeat steps 2 to 5, walking into the coverage area of the second critical point. Note: If the contour lines do not cross, or if the point where they cross is close to the edge of the coverage area between the midway Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 40 Choose a location for the cell center on the floor plan that — is the farthest from the midway critical point and one of the first two — complies with the Base Station installation guidelines — is within the coverage area Mark each cell center on the floor plan 1C2.
  • Page 41 “Single-cell technique” on page 32. An example of using the single-cell technique to plan a multi-cell distance is shown in Figure 17. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual and label them 1C1 and...
  • Page 42 Figure 17 : Filling a multi-cell gap with a single cell c e l l c e n t e r f l o o r m a r k e r c r i t i c a l p o i n t If the cell boundary covers any other critical points, ignore them when proceeding with coverage planning.

  • Page 43: Determining The Number Of Base Stations Per Cell

    Enter this number in the row, “Users with an office outside of cell who walk into the cell.” walk into the cell of the time and in another cell 30 percent of the time. Total number of cells – 1 Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 44: Special Cases

    Divide the number of users without an office by the number of cells. Enter this number in the row, “Users without an office.” Add the values for each column (cell) and enter the result in the row, “Anticipated number of portables per cell.” Determine the number of Base Stations per cell (see Table 8, “: Base Station requirements per cell,”).
  • Page 45 (see Table 9). Table 9 : Adjustment for users without desk telephones Anticipated number of portables for users without desk telephones Adjusted anticipated number Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual of portables per cell 10.1 12.0 13.8 15.7...
  • Page 46 Table 9 : Adjustment for users without desk telephones (continued) (continued) Anticipated number of portables for users without desk telephones Add the adjusted anticipated portable value and the anticipated portable value of the users with desk phones together. Use the column “Users with a portable telephone and a desk telephone” in Table 8 on page 38 to determine the number of required Base Stations per cell.

  • Page 47: Reviewing Your Work

    (and location) of any recommended outdoor external antennas • any areas where you could not meet the coverage requirements Note: If you recommend external antennas for outdoor coverage, inform the customer that the coverage is an estimate. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 48: Providing Floor Plan Information

    Providing floor plan information Neatly transfer the information from the working copy of the floor plan to the clean copy. Use colored pens to mark the cell boundaries and corresponding cell centers. Record the following information on the floor plans: •...

  • Page 49: Planning A Sample Site

    All 44 of the users have offices and desk telephones. • The customer does not need coverage in restrooms. • The telephone switch room is beside the restroom. • The customer has no installation restrictions. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 43 of 102...
  • Page 50 The following figure shows the coverage area, including offices and office areas, the factory area, restrooms and the telephone switch room. Figure 18 : Sample site coverage area r e s t r o o m a n d t e l e p h o n o o m s w i t c h r o f f i c e a r e a...

  • Page 51: Sample Site: Indoor Cell Center Location

    -70 dBm. Four users’ offices are in the office area within -70 dBm of 1C1. Two users’ offices in the office area are within -73 dBm, but 10 0 f t Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 52 they are not within -70 dBm of 1C1. Therefore, 1C1 does not cover these users’ offices. Cells 1C1 and 1C2 cover seven users’ offices, which you show with checkmarks. In Figure 20 you set up the CDT transceiver at critical points P3 and P5, and find that one cell center cannot serve both critical points.
  • Page 53 P14 in the factory area. You find the cell boundary value using -73 dBm from cell center 1C7 and -70 dBm to confirm the coverage of four users’ offices. Cell 1C7 covers the remainder of the site. Cell centers 1C5, 1C6 and 1C7 cover eight users’ offices. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 54: Sample Site: Determining The Number Of Base Stations Per Cell

    Sample Site: Determining the number of Base Stations per cell As shown in Figure 22, the coverage area for Able Studio Inc. has been divided into seven cells with 44 users: eight users’ offices in cell 1C1, one user’s office in cell 1C2, 16 users’ offices in cell 1C3, 11 users’ offices in cell 1C4, one user’s office in cell 1C5, four users’...
  • Page 55 Number of users with an office outside the cell who walk into the cell: (44 – 1) x 0.3 Anticipated number of portables per cell: Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual 8 x 0.7 = 5.6 = 1.8 7 – 1 5.6 + 1.8 + 0 = 7.4...
  • Page 56 Cell center 1C3 Number of users inside the cell with an office: Number of users with an office outside the cell who walk into the cell: Anticipated number of portables per cell: Cell center 1C4 Number of users inside the cell with an office: Number of users with an office outside the cell who walk into the cell: Anticipated number of portables per cell: 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996...
  • Page 57 Number of users with an office outside the cell who walk into the cell: (44 – 4) x 0.3 Anticipated number of portables per cell: Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual 1 x 0.7 = 0.7 = 2.15 7 – 1 0.7 + 2.15 + 0 = 2.85...
  • Page 58 Cell center 1C7 Number of users inside the cell with an office: Number of users with an office outside the cell who walk into the cell: Anticipated number of portables per cell: Enter the information for cells 1C1 through 1C7 in a traffic table. Table 10 : The Sample Site completed traffic table Users inside the cell with an office...

  • Page 59: Sample Site: Reviewing Your Work

    ' s n a m e a n d t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r d a t e p r e p a r e d Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual 2 B a s e...

  • Page 60: Example Outdoor Cell Center Location

    Example outdoor cell center location Point P1 in Figure 24 is the critical point in the outdoor coverage example. Figure 24 : Outdoor coverage c e l l c e n t e r c r i t i c a l p o i n t i n d o o r c o v e r a g e a r e a You position the CDT transceiver indoors at a window at 1C1 because it is the closest indoor point to critical point P1.
  • Page 61 You recommend the location of the cell center at 1C1. Inform the customer of the actual coverage area and that the range could not reach the critical point. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 62 Page 56 of 102 Planning a Sample Site 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996...

  • Page 63: Planning Complex Sites

    Cells in an atrium are usually larger than the cells of the rest of the building (see Figure 25). Although there are no precise steps to follow when planning an atrium, consider these points: Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 57 of 102...

  • Page 64: High-Rise Buildings

    • Plan atriums to their full height. • Do not plan an atrium floor by floor but as one full size room. • Place cell centers within an atrium only when they are intended to cover the atrium. • Do not put cell centers in an atrium if they are intended to serve adjacent areas.
  • Page 65 As shown in Figure 26, one half of the skip floor is covered by the cells on the floor above and the other half is covered by the cells on the floor below. If the number of adjacent floors is a multiple of three, use the sequence right-skip-left. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 66 Figure 26 shows examples for two different buildings, requiring two and three cell centers for each left and right floor. Figure 26 : Left-right-skip examples cell center building with 2 cells per floor Note: Areas of high portable density and floors that are constructed differently can cause gaps in the coverage.

  • Page 67: Differing Floor Areas

    Note: The two cells do not have to be on the same floor. An overlap of the -45 dBm contour can occur between two cell centers that are two floors away. first floor Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual second floor...
  • Page 68 Ensuring that cell centers are not too far apart All of the coverage areas must be within the cell boundary contour. For each cell center, use the CDT to check that all of the areas requiring coverage are within the cell boundary contour. Note: The cell center does not have to be on the same floor or an adjacent floor of the area that it is covering, but the signal strength of the coverage area must be greater than the cell boundary value.

  • Page 69: Planning An Area Of High Portable Density

    4. You must verify the -45 dBm contour and the cell boundary contour. Include any adjacent floors above or below as required. If there are gaps in the coverage or the -45 dBm contours overlap, repeat step 4. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 70: Example Of A High Portable Density Area

    Children’s Hospital wants to provide a wireless system for its nurses. It wants to provide up to 200 portables to be covered anywhere on the floor. The sales group recommends the Meridian Companion system. You survey the site as if it is an area that is not high portable density and find that the site can be covered with three cells, as shown in Figure 29.
  • Page 71 The anticipated portable count for each cell is now 22.2 (200 ÷ 9). Using Table 8 on page 38 you find that each cell needs four Base Stations. Therefore, the total site requires 36 Base Stations. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 72: Planning Where There Is An Existing Companion System

    Planning where there is an existing Companion system Adjacent systems If you are planning a system beside another system, note whether the following are valid: • there is no common coverage area between the two systems • there is little possibility that a user from one system will want service from the coverage area of the other system If these points are valid, you can plan the sites independently of each other, but you must keep the cell centers between the two systems at least 23 ft (7 m)

  • Page 73: Planning Multiple Systems

    • restricted mobility keeps each user confined to one cell Note: Restricted mobility is chosen by the customer, that is, the system still permits roaming. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 74: System Names

    Table 12 : Planning multiple systems Case restricted mobility low portable count/ high cell count high portable count/ low cell count high portable count/ high cell count 1. Avoid 100% overlap where possible. Study user mobility patterns and minimize the amount of system overlap.

  • Page 75: Planning For Multiple Systems

    Recalculate the number of Base Stations required for each cell for each system (see “Determining the number of Base Stations per cell” on page 37). If required, include the number of additional users and Base Stations a system can support. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 76: Examples Of Four Types Of Multiple Systems

    Review the preliminary system proposal recommended by the sales group with the customer. Adjust the proposal according to customer requirements. Finish planning the site as shown in “Site planning basics” on page 21. Examples of four types of multiple systems Restricted mobility problem The Apex Department Store has 300 employees working in 45 departments on the store floor.
  • Page 77 1C17 1C18 Note: The following assumption is made for cases of restricted mobility: Total number of users with an office = Users inside the cell with an office Anticipated number of portables per cell Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 78 You calculate the number of Base Stations required for each cell in Table 14, using Table 8 on page 38. Table 14 : Required Base Stations for restricted mobility Cell 1C10 1C11 1C12 1C13 1C14 1C15 1C16 1C17 1C18 Apex Department Store needs 63 Base Stations. 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996 Base Stations...
  • Page 79 • each call that comes into the Apex Department Store searches only for a portable on one of the three systems Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual system 2 1C16 1C15...
  • Page 80 • all three systems use different system names • three systems is the smallest number of systems required to serve the site • most users work within the area of only one of the cells • the cells of each system are grouped together on the floor plan Low portable count/high cell count problem Amusement Park consists of an office complex and ten pavilions.
  • Page 81 • the cells of each system are grouped together on the floor plan Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual system 1 cell centers: 90 total pavilion 8...
  • Page 82 38 cells. From the traffic calculations, you determine that the building needs 88 Base Stations. Using the appropriate table in your Companion installation documentation, you find that one Meridian Companion system cannot serve 88 Base Stations and 450 portables. The site requires three Meridian Companion systems as follows:...
  • Page 83 26C4 25C5 25C6 23C7 23C8 22C9 22C10 20C11 20C12 19C13 19C14 17C15 17C16 16C17 16C18 14C19 Users from without an x 0.7 another cell Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Users Anticipated number of office portables 19.4 10.5 Base Stations...
  • Page 84 Table 15 : Example traffic table (System 1: high portable count/low cell count) (continued) Number Number of offices Cell of offices 14C20 12C39 12C40 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996 Users from without an x 0.7 another cell Users Anticipated number of office portables Base...
  • Page 85 11C23 11C24 10C25 10C26 8C27 8C28 6C41 6C42 15C43 15C44 28C45 28C46 Users from another cell without an x 0.7 Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Users Anticipated number of office portables 29.9 23.8 21.1 21.8 13.0 15.0 Base Stations...
  • Page 86 You covered every floor with one Meridian Companion system, including the skip floors where the cells on the adjacent floors above and below the skip floors are on the same Meridian Companion system. (The skip floors are floors 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 27.) Because of some overlapping of the coverage area served by each Meridian Companion system, the final requirements are 107 Base Stations and 48 cells.
  • Page 87 Life Bank searches for the portable on one system • the three Meridian Companion systems use different system names • three systems is the smallest number of Meridian Companion systems required to serve the site • all of the users do not need to go everywhere •...
  • Page 88 Using the appropriate table in your Companion installation documentation, you find that one Meridian Companion system cannot serve 650 users with 282 Base Stations. The refinery requires five Meridian Companion systems as follows: •...
  • Page 89 When determining the number of Base Stations required for each cell for the five Meridian Companion systems, you calculate the anticipated number of portables per cell for the single system users using the number of cells of their particular system. For the 50 multi-system users, you calculate their anticipated number of portables per cell using the total 217 cells.
  • Page 90 • Except for the 50 multi-system users, each call that comes into Highgrade Oil searches for the portable on one Meridian Companion system. For the 50 multi-system users, an incoming call searches on all five Meridian Companion systems. • Five Meridian Companion systems is the smallest number of systems required to serve the site.

  • Page 91: Appendix A: Derivation Of Traffic Procedure

    Base Stations because the number of users in a Companion cell is relatively small. Conversely, the Erlang B traffic forecasting model is based on an infinite number of portables in a cell. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 85 of 102...

  • Page 92: Detailed Traffic Procedure

    • A user without an office has equal probability of making or receiving a call in any cell. The number of Base Stations required for each cell is based on the probability of locating each possible number of users, from no users through to the total number of users, using an anticipated number of portables per cell.
  • Page 93 Figure 36 : Erlangs per portable versus portables in the cell 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 Anticipated number of portables in the cell Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Users without desk telephones Users with desk telephones...
  • Page 94 Page 88 of 102 Appendix A: Derivation of traffic procedure 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996...

  • Page 95: Appendix B: Using Indoor External Antennas

    Base Stations cannot be installed inside Gothic hall. Because of the stone wall, a Base Station installed in either the entry or the lounge will not serve the entire Gothic Hall. Indoor external antennas should be used in Gothic Hall. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 89 of 102...
  • Page 96 Figure 37 : Example of indoor external antenna stone wall Select the appropriate antenna pattern of indoor external antenna based on the following guidelines: Table 19 : External antenna use Type of antenna Indoor external antenna 1. All the indoor external antennas at a cell center must have the same pattern. 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996 G o thic H a ll ex t ernal...

  • Page 97: Simulating Indoor External Antennas With The Cdt

    Use this method when the external antenna and cable are not available for planning. Calculate a new cell boundary value from the antenna’s gain, the coaxial cable’s loss, and the cell boundary value given in Table 4 on page 19. Set the Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...
  • Page 98 CDT to internal antenna and use the following formula to calculate the new cell boundary value: cell boundary value + 6 + (0.7 x cable length in meters) - antenna gain Table 20 : External antenna gain Type of antenna indoor external antenna 1.

  • Page 99: Appendix C: Fading

    The signal strength in a small room can vary greatly across the width of the room. As shown in Figure 38, the room is full of constructive and destructive patterns due to the signal traveling through the building and reflecting in many directions. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 93 of 102...
  • Page 100 Figure 38 : Constructive and destructive signal patterns A constructive pattern raises the signal strength above average. A destructive pattern lowers the signal strength below average. The distance between a constructive and a destructive pattern spans only a quarter wave length of the signal.

  • Page 101: Appendix D: Key Planning Concepts

    (as shown in figure Figure 39), and when one Base Station radio transmits none of the other Base Station radios receive it because they are transmitting (as shown in figure Figure 40). Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual Page 95 of 102...

  • Page 102: Power Control

    Figure 39 : Base Stations receiving, portables transmitting Figure 40 : Base Stations transmitting, portables receiving Other key planning concepts, for example power control and hand-off, depend on synchronization to function optimally. Power control Power control determines the transmission power of the portable. The portable transmits in either high or low power.

  • Page 103: Optimizing Power Control

    If planned properly, the auto administered cells are the same as the planned cells. Note: Auto administration does not plan the system into cell centers. It allows the system to learn what the site planner has done. You are responsible Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 104: Portable Originated Calls

    for planning the system into cells with cell centers. If you do not plan the system properly, auto administration cannot correct your mistakes. Optimizing auto administration • All Base Stations or external antennas in a cell must be as close together as possible at the cell center.

  • Page 105: Optimizing Portable Originated Calls

    After the system establishes a link, the link is moved to the best radio for the link if the Base Station cell centers are not too close together (that is, the -45 dBm cell contours do not overlap). Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 106: Optimizing System Originated Calls

    Optimizing system originated calls • Base Stations for a cell center should be close together. • Base Station radios at a cell center should have exactly the same coverage. • Base Stations at a cell center should not be too close to a concrete or marble column.

  • Page 107: Optimizing Hand-Off

    Optimizing hand-off • Cell centers must be far enough apart so that their -45 dBm contours do not overlap. • Base Stations must be close together at the cell center. Meridian Companion Site Planning Reference Manual...

  • Page 108: Standard 2.00 September

    Page 102 of 102 Appendix D: Key planning concepts 553-3601-106 Standard 2.00 September 1996...
  • Page 110 All rights reserved NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL The information contained herein is the property of Nortel Networks and is strictly confidential. Except as expressly authorized in writing by Nortel Networks, the holder shall keep all information contained herein confidential, shall disclose the information only to its...

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