Megger KMK 8 User Manual
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Megger KMK 8 User Manual

Megger KMK 8 User Manual

Cable fault locator
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User Manual
Cable Fault Locator
KMK 8
Mess- und Ortungstechnik
Measuring and Locating Technologies
Elektrizitätsnetze
Power Networks
Kommunikationsnetze
Communication Networks
Rohrleitungsnetze
Water Networks
Abwassernetze
Sewer Systems
Leitungsortung
Line Locating
Issue: 1 (08/2011) - EN

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Summary of Contents for Megger KMK 8

  • Page 1 User Manual Cable Fault Locator KMK 8 Mess- und Ortungstechnik Measuring and Locating Technologies Elektrizitätsnetze Power Networks Kommunikationsnetze Communication Networks Rohrleitungsnetze Water Networks Abwassernetze Sewer Systems Leitungsortung Line Locating Issue: 1 (08/2011) - EN...
  • Page 2 Megger have before-hand declared their consent in writing. The content of this handbook is subject to change without notice. Megger cannot be made liable for technical or printing errors or shortcomings of this handbook. Megger also disclaims all responsibility for...
  • Page 3 TERMS OF WARRANTY Megger will accept a warranty claim brought forward by a customer for a product sold by Megger under the terms stated below. Megger guarantees that at the time of delivery Megger products are free from faults in material and workmanship which would reduce their value and serviceability to a large degree.

  • Page 4: Table Of Contents

    CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............... 1-1 Application ................. 1-1 Application Guide for Fault Location .......... 1-4 1.2.1 Active Bridge ................. 1-5 1.2.2 Passive Wheatstone-Bridge ..........1-5 1.2.3 End to End Synchronic Measuring Method ......1-5 General Features ............... 1-6 KEYBOARD, SOCKETS AND LEDS ........2-1 Connectors &...
  • Page 5 10.8 Charging During Measurement ........... 10-3 USB PORTS ................11-1 11.1 Result Transfer from KMK 8 to USB flash drive ....11-2 11.2 Result Transfer from USB flash drive to KMK 8 ....11-3 STATUS & OPTIONS.............. 12-1 UPGRADE (KMK8U.EXE) ............13-1...
  • Page 6 DEMOPROGRAMM (KMK8D.EXE) ........14-1 SETTINGS ................15-1 LOOP CLOSING DEVICE KLC 8 ........... 16-1 INTELLIGENT SLAVE KMK 80S (OPTIONAL) ..... 17-1 SPECIFICATIONS ..............18-3 18.1 General Specifications............18-3 18.2 TDR ..................18-5 18.3 Active Bridge ............... 18-7 18.4 Passive Bridge ..............18-11 18.5 Pre Measurements ............

  • Page 7: Introduction

    WINDOWS will show you the front panel of the instrument with display and keyboard. By clicking with the mouse on the keyboard, the “virtual” KMK 8 will behave as the real instrument, helping the user to carry out complete measuring procedures, but of course only “virtually”.
  • Page 8 In TDR mode KMK 8 can be used, to locate… • Open ends • Shorted conductors • Water damage • Screen faults (interruption) • Loose connectors • Crimp faults • Simple or double split • Branches • Capacitance networks •...
  • Page 9 Loop resistance • Resistance difference • Insulation resistance KMK 8 provides remote control for far end devices like: • KLC 8 loop closing device to close or open the loop during the measurement (e.g fault location with Küpfmüller method). •...

  • Page 10: Application Guide For Fault Location

    The applicable fault location method depends on the characteristics of cable fault. In PRE MEASUREMENT,S/PAIR CONDITION survey mode KMK 8 provides an extremely useful help for the user to find the best method. From the point of view of interference voltages the cable faults can be included into three groups: •...

  • Page 11: Active Bridge

    The higher is the interference voltage the easier to locate a fault! The only drawback is: two instruments are necessary working in Master- Slave mode. In that mode KMK 8 can communicate with another KMK 8 or with an intelligent slave device like the KMK 80S.

  • Page 12: General Features

    General Features KMK 8 has a graphic display an easy to use menu system and a many- sided help system providing extremely simple operation for the user. The displayed test results can be stored in the internal memory of the...

  • Page 13: Keyboard, Sockets And Leds

    KEYBOARD, SOCKETS AND LEDS Controls Switches the KMK 8 on and off. The instrument has an automatic switch-off feature to save battery life: switch-off takes place automatically 10 minutes after the latest keystroke. (see section 15.1). The function of the six Function keys depends on the active ...
  • Page 14 These keys are intended to select the required measuring mode or to change a parameter. These keys are intended to select the required option and to adjust the position of vertical line cursor. This key is intended to enter a minus sign or to set a vertical maker in TDR mode This key can be used to cancel something.
  • Page 15 This key enters '2' or A B C letters when required This key enters '3' or D E F letters when required. This key enters '4' or G H I letters when required. This key enters '5' or J K L letters when required. This key enters '6' or M N O letters when required.

  • Page 16: Connectors & Balance Controls

    Connectors & Balance Controls Anti-theft protection TDR balance Socket to connect wire D in bridge modes, and L2 in TDR mode Socket to connect wire C in bridge modes, and L2 in TDR mode Socket to connect wire B in bridge modes, and L1 in TDR mode Socket to connect wire A in bridge modes, and L1 in TDR mode Bridge balance M 2.1/5.5 mm coaxial connector for mains or 12 V car adapter...

  • Page 17: Operating Instructions

    OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS Start up and general rules • Switch the instrument on. • First the opening display appears showing the name and e-mail address of the manufacturer • After the percentage of the BATTERY LEVEL will be shown. • 2 seconds later, self-test indication and the MAIN MENU appears. Basically, the user should follow the instructions appearing at the bottom of each display in all measurement modes.

  • Page 18: Calibration

    Calibration Pressing the CAL (F6) key the CALIBRATION menu appears providing two options: • Calibration of test leads • Self-calibration Calibration of Test Leads In that mode not only the resistance of test leads A, B, and E but also the relay resistances of the input switch field will be measured, stored and during the measurements compensated as well.
  • Page 19 Self calibration Select the SELF CALIBRATION option of CALIBRATION menu • Press ENTER • Doing so the calibration parameters of active and passive bridges are measured The accuracy of the active bridge is based on the measurement of a built in normal resistor of high preciosity.

  • Page 20: Storage And Recall Of Measuring Results

    Storage and Recall of Measuring Results When a test is completed the result can be saved in each measuring mode under a user given object name There are four identifiers of each stored results: • OBJECT (user given name) • DATE (automatically added) •...

  • Page 21: Provided Special Actions After Measurements

    Provided Special Actions after Measurements KMK 8 measures the physical parameters of the tested pair like loop resistance, insulation resistance, Lx/L value or capacitance. Additional parameters can be calculated when: • Cable parameters and temperature are known or • The exact length of the cable is known.

  • Page 23: Tdr Measurements

    KMK 8 measures the time taken by the pulse to travel down the cable, see the problem, and reflect back. Than converts this time to distance and displays the information as a waveform.
  • Page 24 Measuring Modes Test of a single pair Transmission and reception of the test pulses over L1; this is the most frequently used basic mode of operation. The same as the L1 mode above but L2 is used instead of L1 Long time measurement L1 LONG TIME L1 mode measurements are repeatedly done for a long time.

  • Page 25: Settings Before Measurement

    Settings before Measurement Entering the TDR option of MAIN MENU the following display appears: Measuring mode selection Select the wanted measuring mode in the TDR MENU with the ↑↓ keys and press ENTER. Having the mode selected the measuring display appears belonging to the selected mode.
  • Page 26 Setting the Propagation Velocity After mode selection the next step is to set the appropriate velocity factor. The propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in cable depends on: • The permittivity (ε) of insulation material of cable. • The presence and inductance of load coils. The following units are regularly used to characterize a cable: Half Propagation Velocity (V/2 ) m/µs...
  • Page 27 The new value can be set directly or recalled from the cable library. To give a new value directly Press the EDIT (F2) key • • Type in the required new value • Press ENTER To get the new a value from the cable library: •...

  • Page 28: Test Of A Single Pair

    Test of a Single Pair After setting the mode range and propagation velocity the measurement can be started by pressing the START/STOP key. The measurement is running repeatedly until a following START/STOP keystroke. • In L1and L2 measuring modes the last waveform is displayed. To save battery life, the measurement is automatically stopped after one-minute elapsed time.

  • Page 29: Waveform Evaluation

    Waveform Evaluation Reading Distance to Fault After the measurement process is terminated, move the cursor with the horizontal cursor keys to the start point of the reflected pulse. The displayed value of the cursor shows the distance to fault. Remember to deduct the length of the test leads.

  • Page 30: Location Of Cross Talk Points

    The Smoothing Function Because of the attenuation losses, the reflection from a fault long way down the cable may be much smaller than a regular reflection from a nearby fault. The amplitude display of near reflections can be reduced by the smoothing function as follows: Press the SMOOTH key •...

  • Page 31: Comparison To Stored Result

    Comparison to Stored Result Waveforms stored in memory can be used for comparison of the cable conditions before and after a critical period, or before and after a repair job. The stored waveform and the recently obtained waveform can only be compared if the main parameters are the same.

  • Page 32: Application Guide (General Hints For Tdr)

    Application Guide (General Hints for TDR) Reflections can be classified to fall into two groups: • Regular reflections • Reflections from faults (irregular reflections) Regular reflections Even faultless pairs may produce reflections caused by inherent discontinuities such as joints or cable type changes. Reflections from faults A faulty pair produces regular reflections and, in addition, reflections from the fault.

  • Page 33: Typical Waveforms

    Typical Waveforms Open end (series faults) The reflection is a positive (upward going) pulse. No reflected pulse from the far end. Short circuit (shunt fault) The reflection is a negative (downward going) pulse. No reflected pulse from the far end. Capacitance network The reflection is negative (downward going pulse).
  • Page 34 Imple and double splits Splits and resplits produce cross talk. Change of cable type (mismatch) The amplitudes of the reflected pulses are determined by the degree of impedance changes. Taps (tee joints) A tap produces two pulses, one at the beginning and the other at the end of the tap.
  • Page 35 Load coils Load coils produce positive (upward going) reflections. Generally, TDR’s can not ‘see’ beyond the first loading coil. For fault location beyond the loading coil, the TDR should be connected to another point following the coil. Wet section The presence of water causes a capacitance increase. Therefore, there are two pulses: one from the beginning, the other from the end of the wet section.
  • Page 36 Loose contacts The loose contacts can be detected in LONG TIME modes. In these modes measurements are repeatedly done for a long time. All the obtained waveforms are displayed together and so the intermittent faults are to be seen. 4-14...

  • Page 37: Obtaining The Missing V/2

    4.10 Obtaining the Missing V/2 The V/2 value can be determined in following cases: • The length of the cable or the distance to a known point is known. (eg. join box, change of cable-type etc.) • A sample of the same cable is available with a known length •...
  • Page 38 • Using the numeric keys, type in the known distance • Press the ENTER key and the proper V/2 value will be set automatically 4-16...
  • Page 39 Procedure when the distance between two points is known • Connect the cable to the L1 sockets and obtain a waveform in the L1 mode by setting the appropriate measuring range and a V/2 value around 100 m/µs. • Place the cursor to the start point of the pulse reflected from the first known point, and set the marker by pressing MARKER •...
  • Page 40 • Call the calculation page with the CURMAR (F6) key • Using the numeric keys, type in the known distance Press the ENTER key and the proper V/2 value will be set • automatically 4-18...

  • Page 41: Active Bridge

    Display appears: Interference Voltage Measurement (AC and DC) KMK 8 has a measuring module with balanced input to measure AC and DC voltages at the same time. Measuring range is 1 to 300 V DC and 1 to 200 V AC, input impedance 2 MOhm...

  • Page 42: Resistance Measurements

    Resistance Measurements The active bridge of KMK 8 provides four resistance-measuring modes: 2 WIRE • 2 WIRE & GND • • RESISTANCE DIFFERENCE • INSULATION RESISTANCE Before resistance measurement the instrument measures the AC and DC interference voltages. The results are displayed only when high interference voltages may cause the impairment of measurement accuracy.
  • Page 43 Two measuring modes are provided: Sensitive or Protected mode. It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode. When the interference voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate. In that case the measurement should be repeated in protected mode.

  • Page 44: Loop Resistance Measurement (2-Wire & Gnd)

    5.2.2 Loop Resistance Measurement (2-WIRE & GND) Test Procedure Select the RESISTANCE/2 WIRE & GND mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears: The far ending of the tested pair should be joined manually or by means of the remote controllable loop-closing device KLC 8. Two measuring modes are provided: Sensitive or Protected mode.

  • Page 45: Resistance Difference Measurement

    5.2.3 Resistance Difference Measurement The difference between the wire resistances of a pair is usually small compared to the wire resistances. KMK 8 has to measure the small difference of high resistances, therefore the calibration of test leads is recommended.

  • Page 46: Insulation Resistance Measurement

    5.2.4 Insulation Resistance Measurement The insulation resistance measurement is performed in the following arrangement: Riso = Fab parallel with (FaE + FbE) RaE = Fab parallel with FaE RbE = Fab parallel with FbE The physical resistances are marked as: Fab, FaE and FbE Test Procedure Select the INSULATION RESISTANCE mode and press ENTER The measuring arrangement appears on the display.
  • Page 47 Notice: The cheap and simple instruments can perform only 2 Pole measurements. For the sake of comparison KMK 8 also provides the 2 Pole measuring mode. To select that mode press 2 POLE (F1) key The 2 Pole measurement is performed in the following arrangement:...

  • Page 48: Capacitance Measurements

    Capacitance Measurements The active bridge of KMK 8 provides several capacitance measuring modes like: • 2 WIRE mode for the measurement of Cm mutual capacitance between wire a and wire b in the following arrangement: • 2 WIRE & GND mode for capacitance measurement according...

  • Page 49: Capacitance Measurement (2 Wire)

    5.3.1 Capacitance Measurement (2 WIRE) Test Procedure Select the CAPACITANCE/2-WIRE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears: The far end of the tested pair has to be open. Two measuring modes are provided: Sensitive or Protected mode. It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode.

  • Page 50: Capacitance Measurement (2 Wire&Gnd)

    CbE capacitance and tan δ between wire b and GND The cheap and simple instruments can perform only 2 Pole measurements. For the sake of comparison KMK 8 also provides the 2 Pole evaluating mode. For 2 Pole evaluations press the 2 POLE (F2) key...
  • Page 51 Displayed Test Results in 2 Pole mode. • Cm capacitance and tan δ between wire a and wire b CAE capacitance and tan δ between wire a and GND • • CBE capacitance and tan δ between wire b and GND To see the physical capacitances press the PHYS (F3) key Displayed Test Results in Physical mode •...

  • Page 52: Capacitive Balance Measurement

    5.3.3 Capacitive Balance Measurement Test Procedure Select the CAPACITIVE BALANCE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears: The far endings of the tested pair should be open. Two measuring modes are provided: Sensitive or Protected mode. It is recommended to start the measurement with sensitive mode. When the disturbing voltages overload the indicator a warning appears informing the user that the result can be inaccurate.

  • Page 53: Dc Fault Location With Murray Method

    DC Fault Location with MURRAY Method The Murray-method applicable when the two wires of the pair have the same gauge (∅), the same length, are made of the same material and only one of them is leaky. To provide the specified accuracy, the good wire’s insulation resistance between wire and ground must be at least 1000 times greater then the faulty wire’s insulation resistance between wire and ground.
  • Page 54 To change the cable temperature • Press the TEMP.(F4) key, Type in the temperature value and press ENTER. • Doing so KMK 8 automatically calculates the new values. When the cable length is known • Press the LENGTH (F5) key •...

  • Page 55: Dc Fault Location With Küpfmüller Method

    DC Fault Location with Küpfmüller Method The Küpfmüller-method is applicable when the two wires of the pair have the same gauge (∅), the same length, are made of the same material and booth of them are leaky. An accurate result can be obtained when the two Köpfmüller conditions are fulfilled: FaE +FbE >...
  • Page 56 The far endings of the tested pair can be open and joined manually or by means of the remote controllable Loop-Closing Device KLC 8. Having the far endings of the tested pair opened Start the first measurement with the START/STOP key •...
  • Page 57 To change the cable temperature • Press the TEMP.(F4) key, • Type in the temperature value and press ENTER. Doing so KMK 8 automatically calculates the new values. When the cable length is known • Press the LENGTH (F5) key •...

  • Page 58: Dc Fault Location With 3 Point Method

    DC Fault Location with 3 Point Method The purpose of the test is to find the location of the insulation fault. This test is applicable when the two wires of the pair have different gauges and only one of them is leaky. The ratio of the good wire insulation to the leaky wire insulation must be at least 1000.
  • Page 59 Having the measurement completed the following display appear: Displayed Test Results • Lx/L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length • FAULTY WIRE: A or B Rx resistances between ceonnection point to fault point • 2Rx = (Lx/L) x Rl •...

  • Page 60: Dc Fault Location With Repeated Küpfmüller Method

    • The measurement can be started with the START/STOP key When the 16 part measurements are ready KMK 8 evaluates the results. In the course of evaluation the results of the first two measurements and Lx/L values unlikely differing from the average are omitted.
  • Page 61 Having the test sequence completed the result display appears: During the calculation process all L and K values are used twice. That are marked at the header of result display with n:n and n:n+1 The result display contains: • All the 14 remaining Lx/L values (the unlikely ones are marked with asterisks.) •...
  • Page 62 When the level of inteference voltage is too high the whole histogram and the test results can be unacceptable. In this case try to repeat the test in protected mode or with the passive bridge of KMK 8. Notice: Two measuring modes are provided: Sensitive or Protected mode.

  • Page 63: Ac Fault Location With Interruption Measurement

    AC Fault Location with Interruption Measurement Test Procedure Select the INTERRUPTION mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears The far endings of the pair should be open. Start the measurement pressing the START/STOP key • Displayed Test Results •...

  • Page 64: Ac Fault Location With Repeated Küpfmüller Method

    AC Fault Location with repeated KÜPFMÜLLER method The process of the measurement is similar to DC method. The only difference is: the measuring voltage is 11 Hz AC instead of DC. The AC method provides accurate test result in case of changing electrolytic voltages Select the AC: REPEATED KÜPFMÜLLER mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears:...

  • Page 65: Passive Bridge

    • The variable resistor is a high precision potentiometer (Helipot) The passive bridge of KMK 8 can be manually balanced by means of the Helipot (like it is usual at the conventional bridges), but the reading of potentiometer resistance is electronic.
  • Page 66 Loop Resistance Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the loop resistance. KMK 8 measures the loop resistance accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line. Test Procedure Select the LOOP RESISTANCE mode and press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears.
  • Page 67 Insulation Resistance Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the insulation resistance. KMK 8 measures the insulation resistance accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line. There are two measuring ranges: up to 300 MΩ and up to 10 GΩ...
  • Page 68 Notice: The cheap and simple instruments can perform only 2 Pole measurements. For the sake of comparison KMK 8 also provides the 2 Pole measuring mode. To select that mode press 2 POLE (F1) key The 2 Pole measurement is performed in the following arrangement:...

  • Page 69: Resistance Difference Measurement

    Resistance Difference Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the resistance difference between wire a, and wire b. KMK 8 measures the resistance difference accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line. This measurement is implemented as a Murray measurement. The results are calculated out of the loop resistance and Mk (Lx/L) values.
  • Page 70 To save the test result press the SAVE (F1) key Notice The difference between the wire resistances of a pair is usually small compared to the wire resistances. KMK 8 has to measure the small difference of high resistances, therefore the calibration of test leads is recommended.

  • Page 71: Dc Fault Location With Murray Method

    The insulation resistance of the healthy wire must be higher than 10 MΩ even if the fault resistance of the faulty wire is smaller than 10 kΩ. The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line.
  • Page 72 Switch the measuring voltage off with the Vm OFF (F1) key and keep it pressed until the pointer reaches a stable position. While the key is pressed KMK 8 measures the disturbing DC voltage. • After releasing the key, KMK 8 performs a null-correction compensating the effect of disturbing voltage.
  • Page 73 Displayed Test Results • MK value Lx/L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length • Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault • • 2Rx double wire resistance between the instrument and fault • Rl loop resistance •...

  • Page 74: Dc Fault Location With 3 Point Method

    The ratio of the good wire insulation to the leaky wire insulation must be at least 1000. The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of disturbing longitudinal AC voltages on the line.
  • Page 75 Start the measurement with the START/STOP key • Having the START/STOP key pressed KMK 8 automatically performs the first measurement without balancing and stores the MK1 value. When the first measurement is completed the bridge is ready for balancing and the...
  • Page 76 Switch the measuring voltage off with the Vm OFF(F1) key and keep it pressed until the pointer reaches a stable position. While the key is pressed KMK 8 measures the disturbing DC voltage. After releasing the key, KMK 8 performs a null-correction com- pensating the effect of disturbing voltage.
  • Page 77 Balance the bridge again and press ENTER to store the result (MK3) and to call the result display. Displayed Test Results • MK1, MK2 and MK3 values • Lx/L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length • Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault •...

  • Page 78: Dc Fault Location With Küpfmüller Method

    Köpfmüller conditions are fulfilled: FaE +FbE > 100 x Rl 0,5 > FaE / FbE > 2 The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of AC interference voltages on the line. The Küpfmüller method requires two part-measurements •...
  • Page 79 Switch the measuring voltage off with the Vm OFF(F1) key and keep it pressed until the pointer reaches a stable position. While the key is pressed KMK 8 measures the disturbing DC voltage. After releasing the key, KMK 8 performs a null-correction com- pensating the effect of disturbing voltage.
  • Page 80 Before the second measurement the loop should be closed. Close it manually or by means of the remote controllable loop-closing device KLC 8. In case of manual control start the second measurement pressing the START/STOP key and the bridge is ready for the second balancing: Balance the bridge again and press ENTER to store the result (MK) and to call the result display.
  • Page 81 Displayed Test Results • ML and MK values Lx/L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length • • Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault • 2Rx double wire resistance between the instrument and fault Rl loop resistance •...

  • Page 82: Ac Fault Location With Küpfmüller Method

    Küpfmüller conditions are fulfilled: FaE +FbE > 100 x Rl 0,5 > FaE / FbE > 2 The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of disturbing longitudinal AC voltages on the line. The Küpfmüller method requires two part-measurements Measurement 1: Performed with open loop.
  • Page 83 Test Procedure Select the AC FAULT LOCATION/KÜPFMÜLLER METHOD • Press ENTER and then the measuring arrangement appears • Start the first measurement pressing the START/STOP key and after a few seconds the bridge is ready for balancing: 6-19...
  • Page 84 Bridge Balancing • Select the minimum gain with key F2. Set the pointer to the minimum point of the scale with the M • balancing potentiometer. The minimum point may be on the negative or positive side of the scale •...
  • Page 85 Displayed Test Results • ML and MK values Lx/L relative distance of fault compared to the cable length • Rx wire resistance between the instrument and fault • • 2Rx double wire resistance between the instrument and fault • Rl loop resistance •...

  • Page 86: Capacitive Balance Measurement

    Capacitive Balance Measurement The purpose of that measurement is to measure the balance between the ground capacitances Ca-E and Cb-E. The passive bridge of KMK 8 measures accurately even in the presence of disturbing longitudinal AC voltages on the line. Test Procedure •...
  • Page 87 Bridge Balancing • Select the minimum gain with key F2. • Set the pointer to the minimum point of the scale with the M balancing potentiometer. The minimum point may be on the negative or positive side of the scale •...

  • Page 89: End To End Synchronous Measurement

    In that case KMK 8 provides the improved version of Graaf method using the disturbing voltages itself for the measurement. (No other measuring voltage is added).
  • Page 90 16 consecutive synchronous measurements at both sides. The duration of that automatic test sequence is approx. 80 sec. When the 16 part measurements are ready KMK 8 evaluates the results. In the course of evaluation the results of the first two measurements and Lx/L values unlikely differing from the average are omitted.
  • Page 91 • When the level of disturbing voltage is too low the whole histogram and the test results can be unacceptable. In this case try to repeat the test with the passive bridge of KMK 8.
  • Page 92 Notes: That method can be used only when the DC loop current exceeds 10 μA KMK 8 provides additional “disturbing voltage” to increase the loop current if an auxiliary wire is available. (Um=100V, Ri=100kOhm)

  • Page 93: Pre Measurements

    PRE MEASUREMENTS Survey of Pair Condition KMK 8 provides an extremely useful test sequence to find the best fault location method: PRE MEASUREMTS / PAIR CONDITION The test sequence consists of the following measurements: • DC and AC interference voltage measurement •...
  • Page 94 >5 V appears. (5 V is negligible beside the 100 V measuring voltage of KMK 8). These results inform the technician about the magnitude of shunt resistors and disturbing DC voltages.

  • Page 95: Ac Dc Voltage Measurement

    • Select the PRE MEASUREMENTS /AC-DC VOLTAGE mode and press ENTER The measurement starts automatically. KMK 8 measures continuously until stopping the measurement with the START/STOP key. The sensitivity can be changed with the SCALE (F2) key. Displayed Test Results •...

  • Page 96: Loop Resistance Measurement

    Select the PRE MEASUREMENTS /LOOP RESISTANCE mode and press ENTER The measurement starts automatically. KMK 8 measures continuously until stopping the measurement with the START/STOP key. Purpose of that service is to find the pair of wires that has a strap or is shorted (perhaps at its far end).

  • Page 97: Insulation Resistance Measurement

    Insulation Resistance Measurement Purpose of the test is to measure the insulation resistance between the a and b wires. KMK 8 in this mode provides fast measurement of pairs which are not affected by interference volatges! The measuring range is 10 kΩ...

  • Page 98: Dc Current Measurement

    Join the far endings of the tested pair manually or by means of the remote controllable loop-closing device KLC 8. • Select the PRE MEASUREMENTS / DC CURRENT mode and press ENTER The measurement starts automatically. KMK 8 measures continuously until stopping the measurement with the START/STOP key.

  • Page 99: Cable Temperature Measurement

    Test Results • Cable Temperature TEMP. KMK 8 is able to measure temperature within –20 C and +60 C. The measured temperature can be stored by pressing the TEMP. (F3) key i.e. the temperature field of the subsequent loop resistant...

  • Page 101: Automatic Test Sequences

    AUTOMATIC TEST SEQUENCES Automatic Quick Test The purpose of the automatic quick test is to get rough estimate about the features of an unknown pair of wires. Measuring time is: ~45 sec. The list of measurements: AC, DC voltages: • Between wire a and wire b •...

  • Page 102: Automatic Quality Test

    Automatic Quality Test The purpose of the automatic quality test is to get accurate results about the features of an known good pair of wires. Measuring time is: ~130 sec. The list of measurements: Insulation resistance (Maximum 10 GΩ) • Between wire a and wire b Between wire a and E (GND) •...

  • Page 103: Battery Manager

    These functions can be reached in MAIN MENU / BATTERY MANAGER 10.1 Battery Capacity Indication The battery manager system continuously measures the battery state. When KMK 8 is switched on battery information appears showing the actual state of battery in % form. 10.2 Normal Charging When the mains adapter is connected and the battery level sinks below 60% the automatic circuit starts normal charging with 0.1C (C is the...

  • Page 104: Fast Charging

    10.3 Fast Charging When FAST CHARGING is selected in the BATTERY MANAGER MENU the battery is charged with a relatively high current (0.5 C) for approx. 2 to 3 hours during which the instrument can't be used. In this mode after a short time the instrument is automatically switched off. If temperature of the battery exceeds the environment by 10 C the charging is automatically finished.

  • Page 105: Automatic Battery Switch-Off

    10.6 Automatic Battery Switch-Off If the inner temperature of the KMK 8 exceeds 55°C, the internal battery is automatically switched off to prevent it from being damaged. As the charging condition is unknown after the device can be switched on again, fast charging should be as soon as possible.

  • Page 107: Usb Ports

    • USB B device-port for PC connection (direct transfer) USB A port for USB flash drive KMK 8 can be connected to a USB flash drive via USB A interface. The USB flash drive provides data transfer between a PC and KMK 8 without installing a special device driver to the PC.

  • Page 108: Result Transfer From Kmk 8 To Usb Flash Drive

    11.1 Result Transfer from KMK 8 to USB flash drive • Plug the USB flash drive into the USB host Port of KMK 8 • Enter the MAIN MENU/USB FLASH DRIVE option Doing so the DATA TRANSFER page appears Select and enter the FROM KMK 8 TO USB FLASH DRIVE option To copy one result, draw the highlight to the wanted name and press the ONE (F3) key.

  • Page 109: Result Transfer From Usb Flash Drive To Kmk 8

    11.2 Result Transfer from USB flash drive to KMK 8 • Plug the USB flash drive into the USB host Port of KMK 8 • Enter the MAIN MENU/USB FLASH DRIVE option Doing so the DATA TRANSFER page appears Select and enter the FROM USB FLASH DRIVE TO KMK 8 option: To copy one result, draw the highlight to the wanted name and press the ONE (F3) key.

  • Page 111: Status & Options

    STATUS & OPTION point of the MAIN MENU provides useful hardware and software information: IMPORTANT NOTES Data transfer between the KMK 8 device and a PC does only work, if the instruments software and the PC software have the same version number!

  • Page 113: Upgrade (Kmk8U.exe)

    To set ECFL to upgrade mode: • Enter SETTINGS menu Select the UPGRADE option with the vertical cursor keys • Press ENTER • Doing so KMK 8 is ready for upgrade. To return without upgrade switch the instrument off. 13-1...

  • Page 115: Demoprogramm (Kmk8D.exe)

    Running the demo program the front panel of the instrument with display and keyboard is shown. By clicking with the mouse on the keyboard, the “virtual” KMK 8 will behave as the real instrument, helping the user to carry out complete measuring procedures, but of course only virtually.

  • Page 117: Settings

    SETTINGS In setting mode some important parameters can be set. The menu of general settings can be reached from the MAIN MENU The date and time can be typed in with the number keys. The name of operator can be typed in like an SMS at mobile phones. (Space by key 0 twice, backspace by ←, accept by ENTER, escape by ESC) To change the other parameters: Select the parameter by the vertical cursors and press ENTER.

  • Page 119: Loop Closing Device Klc 8

    • wires are periodically closed and open with a time interval of 15 s. (For REPEATED KÜPFMÜLLER test with passive bridge). The user can start and stop the process trough KMK 8, but it automati- cally stops after 10 minutes •...
  • Page 120 The loop closing device KLC 8 can be switched on/off with the ON/OFF key. The actual state of the device is indicated by a LED Switching KLC 8 on • The LED lights green for one second if the battery level is OK. •...

  • Page 121: Intelligent Slave Kmk 80S (Optional)

    15 s. (for REPEATED KÜPFMÜLLER test with passive bridge). The user can start and stop the process trough KMK 8, but it automatically stops after 10 minutes. • A and B wires are periodically closed and open by remote control (for fault location with REPEATED KÜPFMÜLLER method and...
  • Page 122 The device can be switched off with the OFF key. The red LOW BATTERY LED lights if the battery is down. KMK 8 switches off automatically 4 hours after the latest remote control command. The device is powered from four pieces of AA (LR6) batteries.

  • Page 123: Specifications

    SPECIFICATIONS 18.1 General Specifications Power supply: Internal rechargeable NIMH battery pack Operation time ............approx. 8 hours (Without backlight) Charging (without taking the battery pack out) From 100 to 240 V mains ........ with mains adapter From 12 V car battery........... with car adapter Charging time .............
  • Page 124 Ambient temperature ranges Reference ................23±5°C Rel. humidity 45% to 75% Normal operation ............0 to +40°C Rel. humidity 30% to 75% *(<25g/m Limits of operation ............-5 to +45°C Rel. humidity 5% to 95% *(<29g/m Storage and transport ..........–40 to +70°C Rel.

  • Page 125: Tdr

    18.2 TDR Measuring ranges (V/2=100 or V/2=10 for loaded cable) 1. For non loaded cable ............16 m 2. For non loaded cable ............32 m 3. For non loaded cable ............64 m 4. For non loaded cable ............. 160 m 5.
  • Page 126 Measuring modes L1, L2 Test of single pair L1 LONG TIME Location of intermittent faults L2 LONG TIME XTALK Transmit on L2, Receiving on L1 L1 & L2 Comparison of two pairs L1 – L2 L1 & MEMORY Comparison to memory L1 - MEMORY Pulse characteristics Widths:...

  • Page 127: Active Bridge

    18.3 Active Bridge Disturbing Voltage Measuring range DC voltage................up to 300 V AC voltage ..............up to 200 V rms Accuracy ................... ±3% ±1 V Frequency range ..............15 to 300 Hz Input resistance ................2 MΩ Test results ............. AC, DC voltage between: wire a and b, wire a and GND, wire b and GND Loop Resistance Measuring range.
  • Page 128 Insulation Resistance Measuring range............10 kΩ to 300 MΩ Measuring voltage ................100 V Measuring time (Depends on cable length) For < 5 km cable length ............~30 sec For 5 km to 10 km cable length ..........~60 sec For 10 km to 20 km cable length ..........
  • Page 129 Capacitive Balance Measuring range............10 nF to 2000 nF Accuracy of Lx/L value ..............±0.2% Resolution of Lx/L-value ............. 1/1000 Measuring voltage ............11 Hz, 100 Vp Test results ....Capacitance between wire a and GND (Ca-E) Capacitance between wire b and GND (Cb-E) Lx/L, ∆C, ∆C% DC Fault Location with Murray, Küpfmüller and 3 Point Methods Loop resistance range ............
  • Page 130 DC-AC Fault Location with REPEATED KÜPFMÜLLER Method Loop resistance range ............1 Ω to 2kΩ Fault resistance range ............up to 5 MΩ Accuracy of Lx/L value (R l = 2kΩ, Lx/L=0,1 to 1) Fault resistance < 1 MΩ..............±1% Fault resistance 1 MΩ...

  • Page 131: Passive Bridge

    18.4 Passive Bridge Insulation Resistance Measuring range............10 kΩ to 300 MΩ 10 kΩ to10 000 MΩ Measuring voltage ................. 100 V DC disturbing voltage compensation......... Enabled Test results ....Resistance between: wire a and wire b (Rab) wire a and GND, wire b joined to GND (RaE) wire a and GND, wire b joined to GND (RbE AC, DC voltages: a-b, a-E, b-E Accuracy...
  • Page 133 DC Fault Location with Murray, Küpfmüller and 3 Point Methods Loop resistance range ............1 Ω to 10 kΩ Fault resistance range............up to 100 MΩ Accuracy of Lx/L value (R l = 2kΩ, Lx/L=0,1 to 1) Fault resistance < 1 MΩ ............... ±0.2% Fault resistance 1 MΩ...
  • Page 134 AC Fault Location Capacitive Balance Measuring range............10 nF to 2000 nF Accuracy of Lx/L value ..............±0.2% Resolution of Lx/L value In range Lx/L=0.9 to 1.1............1/10000 In range Lx/L<0.9 or Lx/L>1.1 ............ 1/1000 Measuring voltage .............. 11 Hz, 100 V Test results ............

  • Page 135: Pre Measurements

    18.5 Pre Measurements Disturbing Voltages Measuring range DC voltage................up to 300 V AC voltage ..............up to 200 V eff Measuring mode ..........Repeated measurements Accuracy .................. ±3% ±.1 V Frequency range ..............15 to 300 Hz Input resistance ................2 MΩ Test results ......
  • Page 136 Insulation Resistance Measuring range............10 kΩ to 300 MΩ Measuring mode ..........Repeated measurements DC disturbing voltage compensation ......... Disabled Measuring time ................~ 3 sec Measuring voltage ................100 V Accuracy (without disturbing voltages) In % of test result ................20 % Test results .........
  • Page 137 Survey of Pair Condition Disturbing voltage Measuring range........up to 300 V DC, 200 V AC Test results ....AC, DC voltage between: wire a and wire b wire a and GND, wire b and GND Accuracy................±3% ±1V Insulation Measuring range............
  • Page 138 Loop and wire resistance Measuring range............. 1Ω to 10 kΩ Test results ............Loop resistance (Rl) Resistance of wire a (Ra) Resistance of wire b (Rb) Warnings Events ............Overloaded, Intermittent 18-18...

  • Page 139: Quick Test

    18.6 Quick Test Disturbing voltage Measuring range........up to 300 V DC, 200 V AC Test results ....AC, DC voltage between: wire a and wire b wire a and GND, wire b and GND Accuracy.................. normal Insulation resistance Measuring range ............

  • Page 140: Quality Test

    18.7 Quality Test Insulation resistance Measuring range ........... 10kΩ to 10 000 MΩ Measuring voltage ..............100 V Measuring time ..............~3 x 35 sec DC disturbing voltage compensation ........Enabled Test results ....Resistance between: wire a and wire b (Rab) wire a and GND, wire b joined to GND (RaE) wire a and GND, wire b joined to GND (RbE) Accuracy...
  • Page 141 Loop resistance Measuring range ..............1Ω to 10kΩ Accuracy ................. ±0.3% ±0.1 Ω Resistance difference Loop resistance range ............1 Ω to 5 kΩ Accuracy ..........±0.2% of loop resistance ±0.2 Ω Resolution ................. 1/1000 Test results ............Ra, Rb, ΔRΩ, ΔR% 18-21...

  • Page 143: Scope Of Delivery And Optional Accessories

    SCOPE OF DELIVERY AND OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES Scope of delivery: Cable fault locator KMK 8 Operating manual Short form operation instruction Calibration certificate PC control program (Result transfer) on CD Ground cable 2-wire test lead (red/black) 2- wire test lead (blue/yellow) Loop closing device KLC 8 Mains adapter AC 100 …...
  • Page 144 19-2...
  • Page 145 Tento symbol indikuje, že výrobek nesoucí takovéto označení nelze likvidovat společně s běžným domovním odpadem. Jelikož se jedná o produkt obchodovaný mezi podnikatelskými subjekty (B2B), nelze jej likvidovat ani ve veřejných sběrných dvorech. Pokud se potřebujete tohoto výrobku zbavit, obraťte se na organizaci specializující...

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