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6. a temperature controller to control the steam heater temperature and a tem-
perature monitor to measure the steam injection tip temperature,
7. instrument software loaded on a user-supplied Windows computer to record
the steam heater and steam injector tip temperatures.
6.2 Theory of Operation
The purpose of the PILS is to grow sub-micrometer aerosol into 2 to 3 micrometer di-
ameter water droplets so the grown droplets can be collected for chemical analysis. All
particles larger than 0.03 micrometer within the air sample flow entering the PILS are
grown into collectable drops, irrespective of their chemical composition. For example,
even non-hygroscopic soot aerosol are grown to large droplets that are collected. How-
ever, non-water soluble species are not sampled quantitatively as they are deposited
and lost to the quartz impactor disk, mesh wick, and other surfaces before arriving at
the point of analysis or a vial.
A schematic of the PILS is shown in Fig. 3. The sample air flow is shown with black
arrows. The droplet impactor washflow lines are shown with red arrows, while liquid
sample out flow lines are shown with open blue arrows. The steam liquid flow to the
steam generator is shown with open blue arrows. Waste liquid flows are shown as black
filled/blue arrows.
83-00009-01A
PILS 4001-115V and 4001-230V
6.2 Theory of Operation
Page 16 of 74
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