Hioki 8846 Instruction Manual
  1. Manuals
  2. Brands
  3. Hioki Manuals
  4. Measuring Instruments
  5. 8846
  6. Instruction manual
Hioki 8846 Instruction Manual

Hioki 8846 Instruction Manual

Memory hicorder
Hide thumbs
1
2
Table Of Contents
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
Table of Contents

Advertisement

Quick Links

Download this manual
INSTRUCTION MANUAL
8846
MEMORY HiCORDER

Advertisement

Table of Contents
loading
Need help?

Need help?

Do you have a question about the 8846 and is the answer not in the manual?

Questions and answers

Subscribe to Our Youtube Channel

Related Manuals for Hioki 8846

Summary of Contents for Hioki 8846

  • Page 1 INSTRUCTION MANUAL 8846 MEMORY HiCORDER...

  • Page 3: Table Of Contents

    Contents Introduction Inspection Safety Notes Notes on Use Chapter Summary Chapter 1 Product Overview 1.1 Major Features 1.2 Identification of Controls and Indicators Chapter 2 Specifications 2.1 General Specifications 2.2 Trigger Unit Specifications 2.3 Memory Recorder Function Specifications 2.4 Recorder Function Specifications 2.5 FFT Function Specifications 2.6 Auxiliary Functions Specifications 2.7 Accessories and Options...
  • Page 4 3.5 8919 FFT ANALOG UNIT 3.5.1 Specifications 3.5.2 Safety Requirements 3.6 8927 ANALOG UNIT 3.6.1 Specifications 3.6.2 Safety Requirements 3.7 8928 STRAIN UNIT 3.7.1 Specifications 3.7.2 Safety Requirements 3.7.3 Strain Unit Settings 3.8 Replacement Procedure 3.9 Input Cables 3.10 Measurement Errors Caused by Signal Source Internal Resistance Chapter 4 Installation and Preparation 4.1 Installation of the Unit...
  • Page 5 Chapter 6 Memory Recorder Function 6.1 Outline 6.2 Making Settings 6.2.1 Setting the Function Mode 6.2.2 Setting the Time Axis Range 6.2.3 Setting the Recording Length 6.2.4 Setting the Format 6.2.5 Using the X-Y Waveform Plots 6.2.6 Setting the Interpolation Function 6.2.7 Setting the Roll Mode 6.2.8 Superimpose 6.2.9 Other Settings (STATUS Screen)
  • Page 6 Chapter 8 FFT Function 8.1 Outline 8.2 Item Settings 8.2.1 Setting the FFT Function 8.2.2 Setting the FFT Channel Mode 8.2.3 Setting the Frequency Range 8.2.4 Setting the Window Function 8.2.5 Setting the Display Format 8.2.6 Selecting Reference Data 8.2.7 Setting the Peak Display 8.2.8 Setting the FFT Analysis Mode 8.2.9 Setting the Analysis Channel 8.2.10 Setting the X-axis and Y-axis Displays...
  • Page 7 Chapter 9 Input Channel Settings 9.1 Overview 9.2 Selecting Units (SYSTEM Screen) 9.3 Selecting Functions 9.4 Selecting the Input Type 9.5 Making Logic Input Settings (FFT Excluded) 9.6 Making Analog Input Settings 9.6.1 Waveform Display Color (FFT Excluded) 9.6.2 Display Graph Type (FFT Excluded) 9.6.3 Setting the Voltage Axis, Temperature Axis, Strain Axis Ranges 9.6.4 Setting the Input Coupling (Not Required for 8918, 8928) 187...
  • Page 8 Chapter 11 SYSTEM Screen Settings 11.1 Overview 11.2 How to Use the SYSTEM Screen [ INITIALIZE ] 11.3 Initialization [ TIME SET ] 11.3.1 Setting the Clock [ DATA CLEAR ] 11.3.2 Clear Waveform Data [ SYSTEM RESET ] 11.3.3 System Reset [ SETUP ] 11.4 Special Function Settings [ using unit ]...
  • Page 9 Chapter 12 Printout of Waveform Data and Processing Data 12.1 Overview 12.2 Selecting Waveform or Numeric Print 12.3 Using the Smooth Print Function 12.4 Print Settings on SYSTEM Screen 12.5 Printing Procedure (Manual) (All Functions) 12.5.1 Normal Print (Auto) (Memory Recorder, FFT) 12.5.2 Normal Print (Recorder Function) 12.5.3 Real-Time Print...
  • Page 10 13.9 Renaming File (file name and directory name) 13.10 Operating the Disk/ Deleting the Window (HELP key) 13.10.1 Creating a Directory 13.10.2 Searching file 13.10.3 Sorting files 13.10.4 Formatting a MO Disk 13.10.5 Formatting a MO Disk Physically (Physical Format) 321 Chapter 14 Calculating Waveform Data 14.1 Overview 14.2 Preparing for Waveform Processing...
  • Page 11 Chapter 16 Waveform GO/NG Evaluation 16.1 Overview 16.2 Waveform Evaluation Settings 16.3 Creating the Evaluation Area 16.4 Editor Command Details 16.5 Using the NG Output 16.6 Setting Example for Waveform Evaluation Chapter 17 Memory Segmentation Function 17.1 Overview 17.2 Using the Sequential Save Function 17.3 Using the Multi-Block Function Chapter 18 Waveform Averaging 18.1 Overview...
  • Page 12 Recorder or Recorder Function Chapter 23 Maintenance 23.1 Cleaning of the Unit and Parts 23.2 Replacing the DC Power Supply Fuse 23.3 Removing the Battery Before Discarding the 8846 23.4 Troubleshooting Chapter 24 Error and Warning Messages 24.1 Overview 24.2 Error Messages 24.3 Warning Messages...

  • Page 13: Introduction

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Introduction Thank you for purchasing this HIOKI "8846 MEMORY HiCORDER." To get the maximum performance from the unit, please read this manual first, and keep this at hand. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Introduction...

  • Page 14: Inspection

    ・When the unit is delivered, check and make sure that it has not been damaged in transit. In particular, check the accessories, panel switches, and connectors. ・If the unit is damaged, or fails to operate according to the specifications, contact your dealer or HIOKI representative. Accessories □ Power cord □ DC power cord □...

  • Page 15: Safety Notes

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Safety Notes This Instruction Manual provides information and warnings essential for operating this equipment in a safe manner and for maintaining it in safe operating condition. Before using this equipment, be sure to carefully read the following safety notes. During high voltage measurement, incorrect measurement procedures DANGER could result in injury or death, as well as damage to the equipment.
  • Page 16 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Conventions used in this manual The following symbols are used in this Instruction Manual to indicate the relative importance of cautions and warnings.  Indicates that incorrect operation presents extreme danger of DANGER accident resulting in death or serious injury to the user. Indicates that incorrect operation presents significant danger of WARNING accident resulting in death or serious injury to the user.

  • Page 17: Notes On Use

    ・The power switches of this unit are separate for AC power (power switch on 8846) and DC power (intermediate switch on DC power supply cable). If DC power is being supplied and the intermediate switch is set to ON, the 8846 will operate also if the power switch is set to OFF.
  • Page 18 Maximum input ratings for the analog units 8916 - 8919, 8927, and 8928 DANGER and the input terminals of the 8846 are shown below. To avoid the risk of electric shock and damage to the unit, take care not to exceed these ratings.
  • Page 19 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── WARNING The logic units all have and the 8846 have a common ground. (6) Replacing the fuse and input units Use a DC power supply fuse of the proper rating (12 A/250 V). DANGER In order to avoid accidents from electric shock, before removing or replacing an input unit or changing a fuse, check that the input cables are disconnected, turn off the power, and remove the power cable.
  • Page 20 viii ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (10) Shipping Remove the printer paper from the unit. If the paper is left in the unit, paper CAUTION support parts may be damaged due to vibrations. Remove the tape from the unit. If reshipping the unit, preferable use the original packing. NOTE (11) Others ･...

  • Page 21: Chapter Summary

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter Summary Chapter 1 Product Overview Contains an overview of the unit and its features. Chapter 2 Specifications Contains general specifications and detailed function specifications. Chapter 3 Logic Input Section and Analog Input Unit Contains specifications and precautions for logic input section and input amplifier units.
  • Page 22 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 14 Calculating Waveform Data Explains the waveform processing functions of the unit and how to input processing equations. Chapter 15 Determining Waveform Parameters / Evaluating Parameter Values Explains waveform parameter processing functions and waveform parameter evaluation. 14 parameters of the input waveform are determined and used for GO/NG evaluation.

  • Page 23: Chapter 1 Product Overview

    ・The printer can also be used to print screen shots and parameter information. (4) 16-channel, 14-bit high-resolution recording capability Using the analog unit 8927 (designed specifically for the 8845 and 8846, not isolated from ground), waveform recording can be performed in up to 16 channels with 14-bit resolution.
  • Page 24 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (8) Simple function key interface Thanks to its GUI-inspired design using large function key graphics, the unit is easy to set up and operate. (9) 3 incorporated functions ・Memory recorder with up to 200 kS/s and 2 M word capacity (using 1 unit/1 channel);...

  • Page 25: Identification Of Controls And Indicators

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.2 Identification of Controls and Indicators Controls and indicators of the unit are listed on the following pages, along with a simple explanation of their function. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.2 Identification of Controls and Indicators...
  • Page 26 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Front Panel ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.2 Identification of Controls and Indicators...
  • Page 27 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Causes the display to show the STATUS screen which STATUS serves for setting most measurement parameters. Causes the display to show the CHANNEL screen which CHAN serves for making input channel settings. Causes the display to show measurement and analysis DISP results.
  • Page 28 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Left Side View Right Side View ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.2 Identification of Controls and Indicators...
  • Page 29 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Printer AC POWER switch Serves to turn the unit on and off. Protective ground terminal (GND) AC connector The supplied power cord must be plugged in here. Input unit slots These slots accept various input units, such as the 8916 , 8917 ANALOG UNIT DC/RMS UNIT...
  • Page 30 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Top View Bottom View ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.2 Identification of Controls and Indicators...
  • Page 31 Trigger connectors EXT TRIG input and TRIG OUT output Chapter 21). When this switch is set to ON, all keys of the 8846 are KEY LOCK switch inactive. The key lock condition is maintained also when the power is switched off and on again ( Chapter 21).
  • Page 32 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.2 Identification of Controls and Indicators...

  • Page 33: Chapter 2 Specifications

    8 channels when using with only the 8916, 8917, 8918, 8919, 8928 (maximum) 16 channels when using with only the 8927 (The logic channels are standard equipment for the 8846, common ground with main unit) 2 M words Memory capacity...
  • Page 34 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Insulation resistance and At least 10 MΩ/500 VDC, one minute at 1.5 kVAC dielectric strength (between the frame and the AC power supply) At least 10 MΩ/500 VDC, one minute at 700 VDC (between the frame and the DC power supply) At least 100 MΩ/500 VDC, one minute at 2 kVAC (between the input units (excluding 8918, 8927, 8928) and the frame) At least 100 MΩ/500 VDC, one minute at 1.5 kVAC...
  • Page 35 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ External data storage Device 3.5-inch MO drive 640 MB (540, 230, 128 MB) Capacity Accordance with ISO standard , overwrite object supported Data format Binary format and text format of the waveform data (memory Recorded data recorder, recorder, FFT), settings, waveform decision area, screen copy (BMP file) ■...

  • Page 36: Trigger Unit Specifications

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2.2 Trigger Unit Specifications Digital comparison Trigger Method Memory recorder, FFT Single, repeat, auto, auto-stop Trigger modes functions Recorder function Single repeat Trigger source CH1 - CH16 Analog waveform to input for each channel CHA - CHD Logic waveform to input for each channel External trigger Input signal to EXT TRIG terminal Timer trigger...

  • Page 37: Memory Recorder Function Specifications

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2.3 Memory Recorder Function Specifications 500 μs/DIV (not available when 8927 is used) Time axis 1, 1.25, 2, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 ms/DIV 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 s/DIV 1, 2, 5 min/DIV 100 points/DIV (time axis magnification × 1) Time axis resolution ±0.001% (relative scale vs.

  • Page 38: Recorder Function Specifications

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2.4 Recorder Function Specifications (*1) (*2) (*3) (*4) (*5) 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 ms/DIV Time axis 1.25, 2, 2.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 s/DIV 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 min/DIV 1 h/DIV *1: when 1 channel is in use *2: when 2 channels are in use *3: when 4 channels are in use *4: when 8 channels are in use...

  • Page 39: Fft Function Specifications

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2.5 FFT Function Specifications FFT range setting 133, 333, 667 mHz 2, 4, 8, 20, 40, 80, 200, 400, 800 Hz 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40, 80* kHz (*:not available when 8927 is used) Frequency resolution 1/400 1000 (storage waveform) Number of sampling points 72 dB (logical value for 8916, 8917, 8918, 8919, 8928)

  • Page 40: Auxiliary Functions Specifications

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2.6 Auxiliary Functions Specifications ■ Averaging function Averaging count (OFF, 2 - 256, summing averaging up to specified Memory recorder count, then exponent averaging) Averaging count (OFF, 2 - 4096) Selectable functions: summing averaging, exponent averaging (each on time axis or frequency axis), peak hold (frequency axis) ■...
  • Page 41 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Calculation processing Waveform processing Arithmetic calculation, absolute value, exponent, common logarithm, square root, displacement average, 1st and 2nd differential, 1st and (Memory recorder) 2nd integral, parallel displacement on time axis, trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan), reverse trigonometric functions (asin, acos, atan) Waveform parameter Average value, effective value, peak-to-peak value, maximum value,...
  • Page 42 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (3) External terminal and switches Measurement start, stop, and print control via rear- panel connectors. Remote control Signal input to EXT SMPL connector (max. 180 kHz) can be used for External sampling sampling (limited by number of recording channels and input units). Microphone connected to MIC connector can be used to record a voice Voice memo function memo for any unit.

  • Page 43: Accessories And Options

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2.7 Accessories and Options Accessories Power cord Cord for DC power supply Recording paper (roll) Recording paper attachment 2 Instruction Manual Protect cover Spare fuse 1 (DC power supply 10 to 30 V: class A melting fuse (NM) , 12 A/250 V, 6.4 dia. ×31.8 mm) MO disk (230 MB) Eject pin Options...

  • Page 44: System Operation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2.8 System Operation System operation is explained according to the block diagram. (1) All system operations are controlled by a 32-bit CPU. (2) The input units 8916, 8917, 8918, and 8919 incorporate high-speed 12-bit A/D converters which are connected to the main unit via a photocoupler integrated in each input unit.

  • Page 45: Chapter 3 Logic And Analog Inputs

    ・Since one logic probe can record 4 channels, the combined maximum recording capability for logic waveforms is 16 channels. The 8846 has separate inputs for four probes, but the ground lines of WARNING these inputs are not isolated from each other and from the frame ground of the unit (common ground).

  • Page 46: Logic Probes

    Input can be switched between voltage input and contact input. Suitable for a wide range of applications, from checking electronic circuits to measuring relay timing. The 8846 has separate inputs for four probes, but the ground lines of DANGER these inputs are not isolated from each other and from the frame ground of the unit (common ground).

  • Page 47: 8916 Analog Unit

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.2 8916 ANALOG UNIT ・The 8916 is the analog unit for the 8840 and 8846 MEMORY HiCORDER. ・Follow carefully the advice of Section 3.2.2, "Safety Requirements." 3.2.1 Specifications Accuracy at 23℃±5℃, after 1 hour warming-up time Accuracy guaranteed for six months.
  • Page 48 450 V AC/DC. To avoid the risk of electric shock and damage to the unit, take care that voltage between 8916 input and 8846 frame, and between inputs of other analog units does not exceed these ratings.

  • Page 49: 8917 Dc/Rms Unit

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.3 8917 DC/RMS UNIT ・The 8917 DC/RMS UNIT is the analog unit for the 8840, 8845, and 8846 MEMORY HiCORDERs. ・Records the voltage level converted into RMS values. ・Follow carefully the advice of Section 3.3.2, Safety Requirements." 3.3.1 Specifications Accuracy at 23℃±5℃, after 1 hour warming-up time...

  • Page 50: Safety Requirements

    450 V AC/DC. To avoid the risk of electric shock and damage to the unit, take care that voltage between 8917 input and 8846 frame, and between inputs of other analog units does not exceed these ratings.
  • Page 51 3.4 8918 TEMPERATURE UNIT ・The 8918 TEMPERATURE UNIT is a thermocouple unit that is used the 8840, 8845, and 8846 MEMORY HiCORDERs for measuring temperature. ・Using the 8918, temperature can be measured by any of three types of thermocouples: K, J, T.

  • Page 52: 8918 Temperature Unit

    250 V AC/DC. To avoid the risk of electric shock and damage to the unit, take care that voltage between 8918 input and 8846 frame, and between inputs of other analog units does not exceed these ratings.

  • Page 53: Notes On Installation Site

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.4.3 Notes on Installation Site ・Strong wind striking the input terminal can disrupt the thermal balance of the input circuit, resulting in incorrect readings. When taking measurements in windy environments, arrange the equipment to prevent wind from directly striking the input terminal. ・Abrupt changes on ambient temperature can also disrupt the thermal balance of the input circuit.

  • Page 54: 8919 Fft Analog Unit

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.5 8919 FFT ANALOG UNIT ・The 8919 FFT ANALOG UNIT is used for the 8840, 8845, and 8846 MEMORY HiCORDER. ・The 8919 is equipped with a builed-in anti-aliasing filter to suppress aliasing. ・The anti-aliasing filter’s cutoff frequency is automatically set according to the setting of the frequency axis (or time axis) range.

  • Page 55: Safety Requirements

    450 V AC/DC. To avoid the risk of electric shock and damage to the unit, take care that voltage between 8919 input and 8846 frame, and between inputs of other analog units does not exceed these ratings.

  • Page 56: 8927 Analog Unit

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.6 8927 ANALOG UNIT ・The 8927 is the analog unit for the 8846 MEMORY HiCORDER. It cannot be used for the 8845 and 8846 MEMORY HiCORDERs. ・One unit has input facilities for 2 channels with 14- bit resolution, allowing detailed waveform recording.

  • Page 57: Safety Requirements

    The input ground lines of the analog units 8927 are not isolated against DANGER each other and against the frame ground of the 8846. In particular, input GND and frame GND are connected directly. Therefore it is essential to connect the protective ground terminal of the 8846 to a good ground.

  • Page 58: 8928 Strain Unit

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.7 8928 STRAIN UNIT ・The 8928 STRAIN UNIT is an option for the 8840, 8845, and 8846 MEMORY HiCORDERs. ・This unit for measurement with a strain gauge adapter. ・Follow carefully the advice of Section 3.7.2, "Safety Requirements." 3.7.1 Specifications Accuracy at 23℃±5℃, after 1 hour warming-up time...

  • Page 59: Safety Requirements

    DANGER electric shock and damage to the unit, take care that voltage between 8928 input and 8840, 8846 frames, and between inputs of other analog units does not exceed these ratings. The maximum permitted input (between BD terminals) to the 8928 is 10 V (DC+ACpeak).

  • Page 60: Replacement Procedure

    1. Remove the input cables and thermocouples from all input units. 2. Power off the 8846 main unit, and disconnect the power cord. 3. Remove the two or four fixing screws with a Phillips screwdriver, as shown in the figure below.

  • Page 61: Input Cables

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.9 Input Cables ■ 9574 INPUT CABLE (8916, 8917, 8919) ・Only use the special-purpose 9574 INPUT CABLE for connection to the 8916 ANALOG UNIT, 8917 DC/RMS UNIT, and 8919 FFT ANALOG UNIT. ・A plastic cover on the unit connector serves as protection against electric shock.

  • Page 62: Measurement Errors Caused By Signal Source Internal Resistance

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3.10 Measurement Errors Caused by Signal Source Internal Resistance If the signal source impedance is higher than the input impedance of the unit, a measurement error will occur. Example The input impedance of the 8916 ANALOG UNIT is 1 MΩ. If the signal source impedance is 1 kΩ, an error of about 0.1% will occur.

  • Page 63: Chapter 4 Installation And Preparation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 4 Installation and Preparation 4.1 Installation of the Unit Installation orientation Install the unit on a flat, level surface. mac/8845f ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4.1 Installation of the Unit...
  • Page 64 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── The unit can also be propped up at an angle, using the stand. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4.1 Installation of the Unit...
  • Page 65 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Ambient conditions Temperature 5 to 40℃, 23±5℃ recommended for high-precision measurements Humidity 35 - 80% RH (no condensation); 50±10% RH (no condensation) recommended for high-precision measurements Ventilation Take care not to block the ventilation openings and assure proper ventilation. When using the unit in an upright position, take care not to block the openings on the bottom.

  • Page 66: Power Supply And Ground Connection

    Check the following points before connecting the unit to a power supply: ・The power supply matches the ratings shown above. ・The AC power switch of the 8846 and the intermediate switch in the DC cable are set to OFF. ・The ground connection is established.
  • Page 67 1. Verify that the AC power switch of the 8846 is set to OFF. 2. Plug the supplied AC power cord into the AC power connector on the side of the 8846. 3. Plug the power cord into an AC outlet corresponding to the rating of the 8846. AC power switch Rated voltage:...
  • Page 68 Rated voltage: 10 - 30 V DC Estimated battery operation hours (at room temperature) Battery type: 12 V, 38 Ah, fully charged 8846: channels 8927 installed in channels 1 - 16, GP-IB not installed Operation condition Running time Printer not used (trigger waiting) Approx.

  • Page 69: Power On/Off

    DC cable are set to ON). ・If a DC power source is connected and the intermediate switch of the DC cable is set to ON, the 8846 will be operative even if the AC power switch on the unit is set to OFF.

  • Page 70: Probe And Thermocouple Connection

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4.4 Probe and Thermocouple Connection Logic probe connection The 8846 has separate inputs for four probes, but the ground lines of WARNING these inputs are not isolated from each other and from the frame ground of the unit (common ground).
  • Page 71 BNC connector to the ground potential of the measurement object. Before measurement, connect the protective ground terminal of the 8846 to a good ground. Never use the cable for a power line connection.
  • Page 72 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Thermocouple connection (8918) When an uninsulated thermocouple is used to measure temperature at a DANGER point carrying electric potential, take care not to touch the terminals and connector screws. Otherwise there is a risk of electric shock. 1. Strip off the insulation as shown in the illustration. 25 mm Outer insulation (mantle) 8 mm...

  • Page 73: Connection To A Strain Gauge Adapter

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4.5 Connection to a Strain Gauge Adapter This section describes connection to a strain gauge adapter. 1. Align the projecting portion of the connector on the main unit with the cutout portion of the connector, and plug it in. (Hold the portion colored in the illustration.) 2.

  • Page 74: Connecting The Voltage Transformer

    Proper ground (Ground terminal of grounded AC outlet or similar) ･ The 8916, 8917, 8919 input and the 8846 frame are insulated. NOTE ･ When making measurements on as AC power line for example, using a voltage transformer, be sure to connect the transformer input to the secondary side of the breaker.
  • Page 75 Proper ground (Ground terminal of grounded AC outlet or similar) ･ The 8927 input and the 8846 have a common ground. NOTE ･ When making measurements on as AC power line for example, using a voltage transformer, be sure to connect the transformer input to the secondary side of the breaker.

  • Page 76: Loading Recoding Paper

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4.7 Loading Recoding Paper 1. Press the stock cover and open it. Stock cover Head up/down lever 2. Raise the had up/down lever. Printer exit slot 3. Insert the attachments into the ends of the Holder roll of recording paper and set the paper into its holder.
  • Page 77 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Printer roller 4. Insert the leading edge of the recording paper from above into the gap behind the printer roller, and pull it out to the other side. NOTE Do not insert it into the gap between the roller and the black sheet metal portion. 5.

  • Page 78: Storage And Handling Precautions

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4.8 Storage and Handling Precautions ・While unopened, thermal paper will not be affected by the environment, provided that ambient temperature and humidity do not exceed normal levels. For long-term storage, temperature should be lower than 40. Low temperatures cause no problem. ・After opening, protect the paper from strong light, to prevent discoloration.

  • Page 79: Notes On Measurement

    Maximum input ratings for the analog units 8916 - 8919, 8927, and 8928 DANGER and the input terminals of the 8846 are shown below. To avoid the risk of electric shock and damage to the unit, take care not to exceed these ratings.
  • Page 80 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4.9 Notes on Measurement...

  • Page 81: Chapter 5 Basic Operation And Measurement

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 5 Basic Operation and Measurement 5.1 Basic Operation This section explains basic steps and settings for measurement. 5.1.1 Basic Display Operation Status key Channel key Display key FILE key System key Calls up the STATUS screen. STATUS Serves to switch pages. Serves to make main settings for various functions.

  • Page 82: Jog/Shuttle Control And Select Key

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Calls up the SYSTEM screen. SYSTEM Serves to switch pages. Serves to make common settings for all functions (clock setting, comment input, etc.). Calls up the MO screen. FILE Serves to display, store, read, and delete files. 5.1.2 JOG/SHUTTLE Control and Select Key Select key Jog control Shuttle control...
  • Page 83 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── jog30 Function key display Meaning : Value up, 10-units : Value up, 1-units : Value down, 1-units : Value down, 10-units jog40 Function key display Meaning : Channel number up : Channel number down jog50 Function key display Meaning : Function number up : Function number down Scroll waveform, move A/B cursors...

  • Page 84: Setting Items

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5.1.3 Setting Items Cursor keys Function keys Serve to move the flashing cursor. CURSOR keys Select items. (Function key) The respective items are shown in the function key display. 5.1.4 Measurement Start and End Start measurement Press the key and the LED lights. START Stop measurement Press the...

  • Page 85: Basic Measurement And Setting Procedures

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5.2 Basic Measurement and Setting Procedures This section uses some representative examples to describe basic measurement steps and settings. 5.2.1 Measuring and Recording a Voltage (Memory Recorder, Recorder) Example Monitor and record a power supply voltage, as shown in the illustration. 10 μF 10 V p-p ＣＨ１...
  • Page 86 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Measuring voltage with memory recorder function The following measurement is carried out: ・Monitor input waveform on one screen. ・Print waveform or record on tape after measurement is completed. Observe on display Print out After measurement Store on MO Only steps which require changing from factory default condition are described.
  • Page 87 Step 1 Setup and measurement preparations ( Chapter 4) ・Install the 8846 in a proper location. ・Install analog units 8927 in the CH1 and CH2 slots. ・Connect the power cord and turn the unit on. ・Use the connecting cable to connect the input connectors to the measurement object.
  • Page 88 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Step 3 STATUS screen settings (page 1) ( Chapter 6) Press the key to call up the STATUS screen (page 1). STATUS 05-03 ### Set function to MEMORY (Memory recorder). 1. Move the flashing cursor to the function item. 2.
  • Page 89 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Step 4 Trigger settings ( Chapter 10) Press the key to call up the STATUS screen (page 2). STATUS 05-04 Set the trigger mode. ・Determine whether triggering is to be used continuously. ・Four trigger types are available: SINGLE, REPEAT, AUTO, and AUTO STOP. ・For continuous trigger-activated waveform sampling and recording, choose REPEAT.
  • Page 90 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Step 5 Measurement start Press the key. The LED above the key START lights up and measurement starts. Step 6 Measurement end Since trigger mode is set to REPEAT, measurement continues until the STOP key is pressed. Press the key to terminate the measurement.
  • Page 91 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) Storing waveform data on MO (Storing in binary format) Waveform data Measurement parameters Press the key to call up the MO FILE screen. Make a displaying of the directory in which the data is stored, and press the function F4 [ SAVE ] 05-14 Since waveform data are to be stored,...
  • Page 92 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Measuring voltage with recorder function The following measurement is carried out: ・Monitor input waveform on one screen. ・Record waveform on disk for one hour. Observe on display MO disk Simultaneously record on MO 1 hour Only steps which require changing from factory default condition are described.
  • Page 93 Step 1 Setup and measurement preparations ( Chapter 4) ・Install the 8846 in a proper location. ・Install 8927 ANALOG UNIT in the CH1 and CH2 slots. ・Connect the power cord and turn the unit on. ・Use the connecting cable to connect the input connectors to the measurement object.
  • Page 94 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Step 3 STATUS screen settings (page 1) ( Chapter 7) Press the key to call up the STATUS screen (page 1). STATUS 05-07 Set function to RECORDER. 1. Move the flashing cursor to the function item. 2. Press F2 [ RECORDER ] Set time axis range.
  • Page 95 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Step 4 Trigger settings ( Chapter 10) Press the key to call up the STATUS screen (page 2). STATUS 05-08 Set the trigger mode. ・Determine whether triggering is to be used continuously. ・Four trigger types are available: SINGLE, REPEAT. ・For stop recording after 1 hour, choose SINGLE.

  • Page 96: Frequency Analysis Of Measured Voltage (Fft)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5.2.2 Frequency Analysis of Measured Voltage (FFT) Example Monitor and record a power supply voltage, as shown in the illustration in Section 5.2.1, and analyze the frequency content of the measured voltage, using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). The following measurement is carried out: ・Analyze the linear spectrum.
  • Page 97 Step 1 Setup and measurement preparations ( Chapter 4) ・Install the 8846 in a proper location. ・Install 8927 ANALOG UNIT in the CH1 and CH2 slots. ・Connect the power cord and turn the unit on. ・Use the connecting cable to connect the input connectors to the measurement object.
  • Page 98 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Step 3 STATUS screen settings (page 1) ( Chapter 8) Press the key to call up the STATUS screen (page 1). STATUS 05-11### Set function to FFT. 1. Move the flashing cursor to the function item. 2. Press [ FFT ] Set the frequency range.
  • Page 99 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Set the X-axis (horizontal axis). ・The setting differs, depending on the analysis mode. ・In this example, the frequency is to be observed on a logarithmic scale. The setting therefore should be logarithmic frequency. 1. Move the flashing cursor to the x-axis item. 2.
  • Page 100 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Step 5 Measurement start Press the key. The LED above the key START lights up and measurement starts. Step 6 Measurement end Since trigger mode is set to REPEAT, measurement continues until the STOP key is pressed. Press the key to terminate the measurement.
  • Page 101 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) Storing waveform data on MO (Storing in binary format) Waveform data Measurement parameters Press the key to call up the MO FILE screen. Make a displaying of the directory in which the data is stored, and press the function F4 [ SAVE ] 05-18 Since waveform data are to be stored,...
  • Page 102 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5.2 Basic Measurement and Setting Procedures...

  • Page 103: Chapter 6 Memory Recorder Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 6 Memory Recorder Function 6.1 Outline (1) After being stored in the internal memory, input signal data can be displayed and printed. (2) All input channel data are recorded on the same time axis. Since data for all channels can be superimposed, the relative relationship between input signals can be observed visually.
  • Page 104 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (12) Pretrigger function Allows monitoring of signal also before triggering. (13) Memory segmentation function Helps to reduce dead time. Up to 63 waveforms corresponding to 25 DIV can be stored per channel. (14) Waveform evaluation function detects abnormal waveforms (15) Processing functions Waveform processing (arithmetic processing, differential processing etc.) Waveform parameter processing (frequency measurement, rms measurement...

  • Page 105: Making Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2 Making Settings 6.2.1 Setting the Function Mode ・The 8846 has three function modes: the memory recorder function mode, the recorder function mode, and the FFT function mode ・Select the memory recorder function. Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), CHANNEL(page1), DISPLAY 1.

  • Page 106: Setting The Time Axis Range

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2.2 Setting the Time Axis Range ・Set the speed for inputting and storing the waveform of the input signal. ・Time axis range setting expresses the time for 1 DIV. ・The sampling period is 1/100th of the set value for the time axis range. (100 samples/DIV) Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY...

  • Page 107: Setting The Recording Length

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2.3 Setting the Recording Length The length of recording for one measurement operation (number of DIV) can be set. Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the shot item. 2. Use the control or the function keys to make the selection.

  • Page 108: Setting The Format

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2.4 Setting the Format ・The style can be set for showing input signal waveforms on the screen display and recording them on the printer. ・The styles single, dual, quad, oct, X-Y single, and X-Y dual are available. (For X-Y single and X-Y dual: Section 6.2.5, "Using the X-Y Waveform Plots") (1) Single Display and record as one graph.
  • Page 109 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (3) Quad ・Display and record as four graphs. (On each graph, at most, 16 analog signals and 14 analog + 8 logic signals) ・Specify which input channel to use for waveform graph display and recording. Input waveform Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3 Graph 4...
  • Page 110 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the format item. 2. Use the function keys to select the display format. ･ 1/2 Function key com/sc1 Meaning display : Single (one division only) : Dual (divided into two) : Quad (divided into four) : Oct (print only divided into eight) : Switch to 2/2...
  • Page 111 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ･ 1/2 com/gr1 Function key Meaning display : Graph 1 : Graph 2 : Graph 3 (*1) : Graph 4 (*1) : Switch to 2/2 ･ 2/2 com/gr2 Function key Meaning display : Graph 5 (*2) : Graph 6 (*2) : Graph 7 (*2) : Graph 8 (*2) : Switch to 1/2...

  • Page 112: Using The X-Y Waveform Plots

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2.5 Using the X-Y Waveform Plots ・Setting the display format to X-Y single or X-Y dual allows up to four X-Y waveforms to be combined. ・Assign any analog channel to the X axis and Y axis to form the combined plot. ・Voltage axis magnification/compression is active also when using X-Y combined plotting.
  • Page 113 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method (1) STATUS screen settings 1. Move the flashing cursor to the format item. 2. Use the function key to call up page 2/2. 3. Select using the F1 [ X-Y single ] F2 [ X-Y dual ] function keys. 06-10 (2) CHANNEL screen settings 1.
  • Page 114 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. Set the Y-axis channel in the same way as the X-axis channel. 5. Make the same setting for graphs 2 - 4. Reference The graph setting can also be carried out with the key while the CH. SET screen is in measurement display mode ( Section 20.3).

  • Page 115: Setting The Interpolation Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2.6 Setting the Interpolation Function This setting determines whether the input waveform (sampling data) is to be displayed and printed as a series of dots or a line using linear interpolation. Dot Display Line Display (with interpolation) 06-18 06-17 06-14 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1)

  • Page 116: Setting The Roll Mode

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2.7 Setting the Roll Mode ・This mode can be used at a time axis range setting of 20 ms/DIV or slower. ・In normal recording, the waveform is displayed only after all data of the recording length have been captured. At low sampling speed settings, this will cause a considerable delay between the start of measurement and the appearance of the waveform on the display.

  • Page 117: Superimpose

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2.8 Superimpose ・Overlay is performed without clearing the currently displayed waveform (if trigger mode is REPEAT, AUTO, or AUTO STOP). ・This allows comparison to the immediately preceding waveform. 06-20 06-16 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the superimpose item. 2.

  • Page 118: Other Settings (Status Screen)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ･ If trigger mode is SINGLE, measurement terminates after one set of data has NOTE been collected. Therefore the overlay setting is invalid. ･ While the overlay function is being used, waveform scrolling and waveform evaluation cannot be carried out. ･...
  • Page 119 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 10 06-25 Status Screen (page 2) Chapter 17 06-26 Chapter 18 Chapter 16 Chapter 15 Status Screen (page 3) Chapter 14 06-27 Status Screen (page 4) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.2 Making Settings...

  • Page 120: Settings On The Display Screen And Auto Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.3 Settings on the Display Screen and Auto Settings Explains the setting items on the Display screen and the auto-setting of the voltage axis and time axis. 6.3.1 Setting Magnification/Compression Along the Time Axis ・The magnification/compression ratio along the time axis can be set. ・By magnifying the waveform, detailed observations can be made.

  • Page 121: Making Channel Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 06-19 Method Screen: DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the position shown in the figure on the left. 2. Use the control or the function keys to select the magnification/compression ratio. Function key Meaning display ×10, ×5, ×2, ×1, ×1/2, ×1/5, ×1/10, ×1/20, ×1/50, ×1/100, ×1/200, 1/400, ×1/500, ×1/1000 ･...

  • Page 122: Automatic Setting Of Time Axis And Voltage Axis

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.3.3 Automatic Setting of Time Axis and Voltage Axis (Auto Range Function) This function automatically selects the time axis range (TIME/DIV), voltage axis range (V/DIV) and zero position. Method 1. Press the key. AUTO 2. Use the function keys to make the selection.  com/auto Function key display Meaning...
  • Page 123 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── When the auto range function is used to start the measurement, the following items are changed. (1) Channel settings ・Range and position Automatically set ・Low-pass filter OFF (all channels) ・Input coupling (2) Trigger parameters ・Trigger source AND/OR ・Internal trigger Only channel with lowest number of all active display channels is set to ON, other channels are OFF (if difference between...

  • Page 124: Start And Stop Measurement Operation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6.4 Start and Stop Measurement Operation Method To start the measurement: Press the key and the LED lights START To stop the measurement: Press the key. STOP Trigger mode and measurement operation (1) When trigger mode is SINGLE ・After key has been pressed, data recording starts when trigger START conditions are met.
  • Page 125 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (3) When trigger mode is AUTO ・When key is pressed, unit waits for about 1 second for trigger START conditions to be met. After this interval, data recording starts, regardless of trigger state. ・Data are recorded repeatedly and memory contents are overwritten. ・When key is pressed, measurement stops after data corresponding to STOP...
  • Page 126 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Stopping measurement Press STOP key once to terminate measurement after recording length data are stored. Press STOP key twice to terminate measurement immediately. Pressing key once STOP ・When key is pressed once, data recording continues until data STOP corresponding to recording length have been stored in memory. (LED above key is lit.) START ・If...

  • Page 127: Chapter 7 Recorder Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 7 Recorder Function 7.1 Outline (1) Real-time recording of input signal data on MO or printer paper (2) All input channel data are recorded on the same time axis. Since data for all channels can be superimposed, the relative relationship between input signals can be observed visually.

  • Page 128: Making Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2 Making Settings 7.2.1 Setting the Function Mode ・The 8846 has three function modes: the memory recorder function mode, the recorder function mode, and the FFT function mode ・Select the recorder function. Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), CHANNEL(page1), DISPLAY 1.

  • Page 129: Setting The Time Axis Range

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.2 Setting the Time Axis Range ・Set the speed for inputting and storing the waveform of the input signal. ・Time axis range setting expresses the time for 1 DIV. ・The sampling period is 1/100th of the set value for the time axis range. Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1.
  • Page 130 ・When carrying out measurement with a fast time axis range, use an MO disk which has been newly formatted by the 8846. For details, see Section 13.10.4. (If the MO disk has had frequent file additions and deletions made, the resulting fragmentation may cause recording to be lost, and the measurement to stop.)

  • Page 131: Setting The Magnification Along The Time Axis

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.3 Setting the Magnification Along the Time Axis ・The magnification ratio along the time axis can be set and changed. ・By magnifying the waveform, detailed observations can be made. By compressing the waveform, an entire change can be promptly apprehended. 7-25 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY...
  • Page 132 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── For higher-resolution time axis compression By choosing a different ratio setting, you can increase the detail resolution of time axis compression. ##7-26 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the position shown in the figure on the left. 2.
  • Page 133 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── The setting values are shown in the table below. NOTE Time axis (TIME/DIV) and compression ratio (reciprocal for magnification ratio) time axis display time axis 1.25 (TIME/DIV) ms 1 s 2 s 5 s 10 s 20 s min 1 h 1.25 ms −...

  • Page 134: Setting The Recording Time

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.4 Setting the Recording Time This setting determines for how long the input signal will be recorded. 07-06 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the recording time item. 2. Use the control or the function keys to select the recording time.

  • Page 135: Setting The Format

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.5 Setting the Format ・The style can be set for showing input signal waveforms on the screen display and recording them on the printer. ・The styles single, dual, quad, and oct are available. (1) Single Display and record as one graph. (At the most, 16 analog signals and 14 analog + 16 logic signals) Input waveform (2) Dual...
  • Page 136 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (3) Quad ・Display and record as four graphs. (On each graph, at most, 16 analog signals and 14 analog + 16 logic signals) ・Specify which input channel to use for waveform graph display and recording. Input waveform Graph 1 Graph 2 Graph 3 Graph 4...
  • Page 137 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the format item. 2. Use the function keys to select the format. Function key com/sc11 display Meaning : Single (one division only) : Dual (divided into two) : Quad (divided into four) : Oct (print only divided into eight) 3.

  • Page 138: Setting The Interpolation Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.6 Setting the Interpolation Function Set the input waveform (sampling data) to display or print as dot or linear interpolation. Line（linear interpolation） 07-10 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the dot-line item. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. Function key com/dot Meaning...

  • Page 139: Setting The Recording Medium

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.7 Setting the Recording Medium This setting determines whether the measurement data are printed out in real time, recorded on MO, or not recorded (recorded in the internal memory). 07-11, 13 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the recording medium item.

  • Page 140: Recording A Voice Memo

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.8 Recording a Voice Memo ・When MO is selected as a recording medium, a voice memo can be recorded along with the waveform data. ・During playback, the voice memo is reproduced along with the monitored output ( Section 13.6.2). 07-14 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1)

  • Page 141: Transferring Data To The Memory Recorder Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.9 Transferring Data to the Memory Recorder Function The waveform data stored in recorder function can be transferred to memory recorder function. Data which can be transferred ・Waveform data stored in memory immediately before stopping recording operation. ・Waveform data recorded on a MO disk. (REC file) Data length transferred The waveform of the following data length is transferred from the left end of the display screen.
  • Page 142 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3. Set the item shot on the STATUS screen (page 1) or display screen in memory recorder function. Section 6.2.3) 4. Move the flashing cursor to the change to MEMORY function item on the STATUS screen in recorder function (page 3), and press the key.

  • Page 143: Other Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2.10 Other Settings For details, refer to the following sections. Section 12.2 Section 12.3 07-17 Status Screen (page 1) Chapter 10 07-18 Status Screen (page 2) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2 Making Settings...
  • Page 144 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 15 07-19 Status Screen (page 3) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.2 Making Settings...

  • Page 145: Settings On The Display Screen And Auto Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.3 Settings on the Display Screen and Auto Settings Explains the setting items on the Display screen and the auto-setting of the voltage axis and time axis. 7.3.1 Making Channel Settings While the screen is in measurement display mode, the key can be CH.
  • Page 146 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2. Use the function keys to make the selection.  com/auto Function key display Meaning : Auto range (only display) : Enable auto range function : Disable auto range function 3. Press . The automatic range setting is made and measurement F2 [ exec ] starts.

  • Page 147: Start And Stop Measurement Operation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7.4 Start and Stop Measurement Operation Method To start the measurement: Press the key and the LED lights START To stop the measurement: Press the key. STOP Recording length, trigger mode and measurement operation (1) When time setting is enabled: Trigger mode: SINGLE ・After key has been pressed, data recording starts when trigger...
  • Page 148 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) When continuous recording is enabled Trigger mode: SINGLE or REPEAT ・After key has been pressed, data recording starts when trigger START conditions are met. ・When key is pressed twice, measurement stops. STOP ･･･Trigger Trigger standby Record Press STOP key. Measurement ends.          ...

  • Page 149: Chapter 8 Fft Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 8 FFT Function 8.1 Outline (1) FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) processing can be performed on input signal data for frequency analysis. (2) Frequency range 133 mHz to 40 kHz or 80 kHz (when 8927 is not used), 20 steps (3) Frequency resolution 1/400 of frequency range (4) 12 types of analysis functions...

  • Page 150: Item Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2 Item Settings 8.2.1 Setting the FFT Function ・The 8846 has three function modes; the memory recorder function, the recorder function, the FFT function. ・Select the FFT function for performing FFT analysis. 08-01, 02, 03 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), CHANNEL(page1), DISPLAY 1.

  • Page 151: Setting The Fft Channel Mode

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.2 Setting the FFT Channel Mode ・This setting determines whether only one channel (1ch-FFT) or two channels (2ch-FFT) are used for FFT processing. ・When "1ch-FFT" is selected, certain FFT analysis modes will not be available. 08-04 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1.

  • Page 152: Setting The Frequency Range

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.3 Setting the Frequency Range ・The frequency range (frequency axis maximum value) can be set as follows. ・The frequency range corresponds to the time axis range (TIME/DIV) setting of the memory function. 08-05, 06 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1.
  • Page 153 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Frequency Range, Frequency Resolution, Window Width, Corresponding Time Axis Range Frequency Frequency range Time axis resolution Window width [ Hz ] [ /DIV ] [ Hz ] 500 μs 80 k 5 ms 40 k 10 ms 1 ms 32 k 12.5 ms 1.25 ms...

  • Page 154: Setting The Window Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.4 Setting the Window Function ・The window function defines the segment of the input signal that will be processed. ・Window processing can be used to minimize leakage error. Rectangular (rectangular window function): effective on discrete waveforms. Hanning (hanning window function): effective on continuous waveforms. Exponential (exponential window function): effective on decaying waveforms.
  • Page 155 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Example Attenuation ratio set to 10% Noise on attenuated waveform is reduced Waveform captured in one operation (1000 points) 100% 100% Setting: Exponential window function Attenuation ratio 10% When measurements are taken using the Hanning window or exponential NOTE window, note that the calculation results in the display of a value that is lower than the amplitude obtained when using a rectangular window.

  • Page 156: Setting The Display Format

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.5 Setting the Display Format ・You can set the format for displaying input signal waveforms on the screen and recording them on the printer. ・The SINGLE, DUAL, and NYQUIST formats are available. (1) Single Displays the waveform on a single screen. Data for 100 points (2) Dual Divides the waveform display screen into upper and lower screens.
  • Page 157 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (3) Nyquist For the linear spectrum, cross power spectrum, and transfer function, displays the real-number portion of the data for the FFT calculation result on the X- axis, and the imaginary number portion of the data on the Y-axis. Imaginary number of part Real number of part 08-09...

  • Page 158: Selecting Reference Data

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.6 Selecting Reference Data Select data to be used for FFT processing. New data When key is pressed, data for 1000 points are captured and used for START FFT processing. Measurement start 1000 points of input signal are sampled Memory waveform ・When key is pressed, FFT processing is carried out using data stored...
  • Page 159 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 08-12 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the reference item. 2. Use the function keys to select the data. Function key Meaning display : Capture new waveform data for FFT processing : Use stored waveform data for FFT processing 08-g08 NOTE...

  • Page 160: Setting The Peak Display

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.7 Setting the Peak Display ・From the sampling points and FFT processing results, the 10 peak values or maximum values can be shown. ・This setting is available only in single-screen mode. Peak value ・When data at one point are higher than data within the vicinity, the point is a peak.
  • Page 161 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 08-10, 11 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the peak item. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. Function key 08-g07 Meaning display : OFF : Shows the 10 peak values : Shows the 10 highest peaks Peak values ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...

  • Page 162: Setting The Fft Analysis Mode

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.8 Setting the FFT Analysis Mode Used to select the FFT calculation method. 08-13, 14 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the mode item. 2. Use the function keys to select the FFT calculation.

  • Page 163: Setting The Analysis Channel

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.9 Setting the Analysis Channel Select the channel for FFT analysis. 08-15, 16 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the w1 item. 2. Use the control or the function keys to select the channel. 3.

  • Page 164: Setting The X-Axis And Y-Axis Displays

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.10 Setting the X-axis and Y-axis Displays ・Set the X and Y axis for display of FFT calculation results. ・Different units can be selected for the X and Y axis. ・With some FFT analysis modes, one of the axis cannot be set. 08-17, 18 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), DISPLAY...
  • Page 165 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── X and Y Axis Settings Available with each FFT Analysis Mode X-axis Y-axis FFT analysis mode (horizontal axis) (vertical axis) Storage Waveform (Time) (Linear) LIN-REAL LIN-IMAG LIN-Hz Linear Spectrum LIN-MAG LOG-Hz LOG-MAG PHASE LIN-REAL LIN-IMAG LIN-Hz RMS Spectrum LIN-MAG LOG-Hz LOG-MAG PHASE...

  • Page 166: Setting The Display Scale

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.11 Setting the Display Scale The display scale for showing the FFT processing result can either be set manually or automatically. AUTO The vertical axis (Y-axis) scale is set automatically, depending on the processing result. MANUAL The vertical axis (Y-axis) scale can be set as desired, to match the purpose of the measurement.
  • Page 167 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 08-20 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the lower item. 2. Use the control or the function keys to select the lower limit for each digits. 3. Set the upper limit in the same manner. Function key Meaning display...

  • Page 168: Octave Filter Setting

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.12 Octave Filter Setting When octave analysis has been selected, two different filter types can be chosen. Normal Filter characteristics approximate the characteristics used for conventional octave analyzers with analog filters. Sharp Spectrum components outside the octave band are excluded totally and only the spectrum in the octave band is bundled and used for analysis.

  • Page 169: Setting The Interpolation Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.13 Setting the Interpolation Function The input signal (sampled data) and FFT waveform can be displayed and recorded as is, or after linear interpolation. 08-22 Method Screen: STATUS (page 3) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the dot-line item. 2.

  • Page 170: Other Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2.14 Other Settings For details, refer to the following sections. Chapter 18 08-62 Status Screen (page 1) Chapter 10 08-63 Status Screen (page 2) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2 Item Settings...
  • Page 171 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Section 12.2 Section 12.5.2 Section 13.5.1 (2) Chapter 16 08-64 Status Screen (page 3) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.2 Item Settings...

  • Page 172: Analysis Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function The following waveform data can be analyzed. Storage waveform Linear spectrum RMS spectrum Power spectrum Auto correlation function Histogram Transfer function Cross power spectrum Cross correlation function CCR Unit impulse response Coherence function Octave analysis ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 173: Storage Waveform [Str]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.1 Storage Waveform [STR] Displays the time domain waveform of the input signal. Displays the time domain waveform of the input signal. Function Time Time axis display Horizontal cursor Indicates the value of the specified TIME/DIV frequency range. (Refer to the table of the frequency range and time axis in Section 8.2.3.) Linear Indicates the value of the measurement range of the input unit...

  • Page 174: Linear Spectrum [Lin]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.2 Linear Spectrum [LIN] The frequency domain waveform of the input signal, including magnitude and phase information. Major applications include: ・Determining the peaks of waveform frequency components ・Determining the levels of high and low harmonics Function Fa = (fa) = |Fa|exp(jθa) = |Fa|exp(cos ∠θa + jsin ∠θa) LIN-Hz...
  • Page 175 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Examples Linear spectra waveforms Stored waveform Y-axis: LIN-REAL (X-axis: LOG-Hz) 08-23, Y-axis: LIN-IMAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LIN-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LOG-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: PHASE (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Nyquist ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 176: Rms Spectrum [Rms]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.3 RMS Spectrum [RMS] Displays the frequency domain waveform of the input signal, including magnitude (effective value) and phase information. Major applications include: ・Determining the peaks of waveform frequency components. ・Determining the effective values of frequency components. Function Ra = DC components: Ra = Fa = |Ra|exp(jθa) = |Ra|(cos ∠θa + jsin ∠θa)
  • Page 177 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 08-23, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34 Example RMS spectra waveform Stored waveform Y-axis: LIN-REAL (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LIN-IMAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LIN-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LOG-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: PHASE (X-axis: LOG-Hz) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 178: Power Spectrum [Psp]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.4 Power Spectrum [PSP] Displays the energy spectrum of the input signal, consisting of only magnitude information. Major applications include: ・Determining the peaks of waveform frequency components ・Determining the energy levels of high and low harmonics Function Fa*：complex conjugate of Fa Gaa = Fa* ･...
  • Page 179 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Example Power spectra waveforms Stored waveform 08-23, 35, 36 Y-axis: LIN-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LOG-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Overall value Overall value The overall value is the total effective value obtained from the frequency spectrum contained in the input signal. It is obtained by taking the square root of the total of power spectra for all frequencies.

  • Page 180: Auto Correlation [Acr]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.5 Auto Correlation [ACR] Displays the degree of similarity between two points in the input signal separated by time difference (τ). Major applications: ・Detecting a periodic signal contained in a noisy signal with an improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. ・Checking the periodic signal components contained in a noisy waveform, and periodic noise.

  • Page 181: Histogram [His]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.6 Histogram [HIS] Displays the frequencies of the magnitudes of sampled points. Major applications include: ・Determining waveform imbalance ・Determining whether a waveform is artificial or natural from the waveform distribution (most natural waveforms are regular sine waves). Function Volt Linear display of the measurement range of the input unit.

  • Page 182: Transfer Function [Trf]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.7 Transfer Function [TRF] Displays the transfer function (frequency characteristics) of the system being measured calculated from input and output signals. Nyquist diagrams can also be displayed, including magnitude and phase information. Major applications include: ・Determining filter frequency characteristics. ・Determining feedback control system stability through Nyquist diagrams.
  • Page 183 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8-40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 Example Transfer function spectra waveform Stored waveform (input signal) Stored waveform (output signal) After bandpass filter Y-axis: LIN-REAL (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LIN-IMAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LIN-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LOG-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Nyquist Y-axis: PHASE (X-axis: LOG-Hz) ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...

  • Page 184: Cross Power Spectrum [Csp]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.8 Cross Power Spectrum [CSP] Displays the product of the spectra of two input signals. The magnitude and phase information of the frequency components that are common to both signals can be displayed. Major applications: Obtaining frequency components common to two signals. Function Gab = Fa*･Fb...
  • Page 185 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Example Cross power spectra waveforms Stored waveform 1 Stored waveform 2 8-40, Y-axis: LIN-REAL (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LIN-IMAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LIN-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Y-axis: LOG-MAG (X-axis: LOG-Hz) Nyquist Y-axis: PHASE (X-axis: LOG-Hz) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 186: Cross Correlation [Ccr]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.9 Cross Correlation [CCR] Displays the degree of similarity between two points separated by a time difference (τ) on two signals. The degree of similarity is expressed as a function of the time difference (τ). Major applications: ・Obtaining the phase difference between two signals in time units. ・Obtaining a speed or distance by measuring the time delay.
  • Page 187 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Example Cross correlation function waveforms Stored waveform (input waveform) Stored waveform (output waveform) Cross correlation function 08-54, 55,56 Phase differences between input signal and output signal ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 188: Unit Impulse Response [Imp]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.10 Unit Impulse Response [IMP] Displays the frequency response of a system in the time domain. A response waveform equivalent to the unit impulse function is obtained by analyzing the input and output signals of the system being measured. Major applications Checking circuit time constants.
  • Page 189 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Example Unit impulse response waveforms Stored waveform (input signal) Stored waveform (output signal) Unit impulse response 40, 41, 57 Input point of impulse signal ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 190: Coherence [Coh]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3.11 Coherence [COH] Displays the output signal component that is coherent (interference possible) to the input signal, yielding a value from 0 to 1. Major applications include: ・Evaluation of transfer functions. ・Determining the contribution of individual input lines to the output of multi- input systems.
  • Page 191 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Example Coherence function waveforms Stored waveform (input signal) Stored waveform (output signal) Coherence Frequencies in this range have high coherence. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 192: Octave Analysis [Oct]

    ・In analog octave analysis, the octave band center frequencies and filter characteristics are determined according to the ANSI CLASS 3 standard. In the 8846, the power spectrum is measured first and bundling is then used to perform 1/1-octave or 1/3-octave analysis. This allows the following analysis...
  • Page 193 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ・5-band 1/1-octave analysis In this mode, the 400 spectrum lines of regular frequency analysis are bundled into 1/1 octave bands and shown as a bar graph. Example Octave analysis waveforms Stored waveform 08-37, 59, 60 1/1 octave analysis 1/3 octave analysis ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...
  • Page 194 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Frequency ranges and measurable range widths (0: 1/3 OCT, X: 1/1 OCT) Band Frequency ranges (Hz) Center frequency 80 200 400 800 2 k 4 k 8 k 16 k (Hz) 1/1 1/3 6.3 m 10 m 12.5 m 16 m 20 m 25 m...
  • Page 195 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Band Frequency ranges (Hz) Center frequency 80 200 400 800 2 k 4 k 8 k 16 k (Hz) 1/1 1/3 1.25 k 1.6 k 2.5 k 3.15 k 6.3 k 10 k 12.5 k 16 k 20 k 25 k 31.5 k 40 k...
  • Page 196 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8.3 Analysis Function...

  • Page 197: Chapter 9 Input Channel Settings

    ・Input channel settings are made with the CHANNEL screen of each function. ・The 8846 can use up to 16 analog channels or 14 analog and 16 logic channels. ・Settings are made separately for one analog channel or four logic channels (1 probe).

  • Page 198: Selecting Units (System Screen)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.2 Selecting Units (SYSTEM Screen) ・Perform this setting before making the input channel settings. ・This setting on the SYSTEM screen determines the number of units in use. ・Use the menu items SETUP and (1) using unit. ・For details, see Section 11.4.1. 09-01 ･...

  • Page 199: Selecting Functions

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.3 Selecting Functions ・Press the key to call up the CHANNEL screen. CHAN ・Select the function. Method 1. Move the flashing cursor to the position shown in the figure. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. Function key Meaning display : Memory recorder function...

  • Page 200: Selecting The Input Type

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.4 Selecting the Input Type Specifies whether analog input or logic input is used for each channel. 09-03 Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), CHANNEL (page 1), DISPLAY) 1. Move the flashing cursor to a channel with an odd number, as shown in the illustration. 2.
  • Page 201 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ･ When the units 8916 - 8919 are installed, even channel numbers cannot be NOTE used. (Example: If an 8916 unit is installed in CH1/CH2, CH2 cannot be used.) ･ When a logic input has been assigned to an odd channel number, the next even channel number cannot be used.

  • Page 202: Making Logic Input Settings (Fft Excluded)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.5 Making Logic Input Settings (FFT Excluded) ・When a channel has been set to logic input as described in Section 9.4, the logic channel setting items are displayed. ・Select the display positions for CH A - CH D (1 probe). Method 1.

  • Page 203: Making Analog Input Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6 Making Analog Input Settings 9.6.1 Waveform Display Color (FFT Excluded) Set the display color for the waveform. Method 1. Move the flashing cursor to the point shown in the illustration. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. The indication in brackets refers to the printout color (dark, medium dark, normal, light).
  • Page 204 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ･ 4/5 Function key 09-g07 Meaning display : Color 12 (normal) : Color 13 (light) : Color 14 (light) : Color 15 (light) : Switch to page 5/5 ･ 4/5 Function key 09-g08 Meaning display : Color 16 (light) : Switch to page 1/5 ･...

  • Page 205: Display Graph Type (Fft Excluded)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.2 Display Graph Type (FFT Excluded) ・Specify which graph type to use when display format has been set to DUAL, QUAD, or OCT screen display on the STATUS screen. ・When the display format has been set to SINGLE, this item is not available. ・When the display format has been set to XY SINGLE or XY DUAL display, refer to Section 6.2.5.

  • Page 206: Setting The Voltage Axis, Temperature Axis, Strain Axis

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.3 Setting the Voltage Axis, Temperature Axis, Strain Axis Ranges ・Set the voltage axis range for each channel. ・The voltage axis range is the voltage unit per 1 DIV on the vertical axis (when magnification/compression is set to 1). ・The available settings depend on the type of unit that is installed.
  • Page 207 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Auto-balancing Align the reference output level of the adapter with the specified origin position. (Zero position Section 9.6.6) ･ Auto-balancing is carried out for the strain units only. It is not carried out for NOTE other input units (8916, 8917, 8918, 8919, and 8927). ･...
  • Page 208 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── With 8918: [ ℃ ] (Upper 2105 saturation limit) : Measurement range 1200 [ ℃] (Upper saturation limit) [ ℃] (Upper saturation limit) -90.875 (Lower (Lower saturation limit) -181.75 saturation limit) (Lower -454.375 saturation limit) 10℃/DIV range 20℃/DIV range 50℃/DIV range ･...

  • Page 209: Setting The Input Coupling (Not Required For 8918, 8928)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.4 Setting the Input Coupling (Not Required for 8918, 8928) ・For the 8917 DC/RMS unit, two types of input coupling (DC or RMS conversion) can be selected. ・The ground level can be checked. ・This item does not appear for channels set to the 8918 TEMPERATURE UNIT.

  • Page 210: Setting Voltage Axis, Temperature Axis, And Strain Axis

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.5 Setting Voltage Axis, Temperature Axis, and Strain Axis Magnification/ Compression ・Set the magnification/compression ratio for each channel. ・Magnification/compression can be used to make the waveform easy to read. ・When histogram analysis of the FFT function is used, the magnification/compression setting affects the X axis.

  • Page 211: Setting The Zero Position

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.6 Setting the Zero Position ・This setting determines the DIV position at which the 0 V, 0 ℃, or 0 με is located for each channel. ・The available setting range depends on the magnification/compression setting. ・When histogram analysis of the FFT function is used, the setting affects the X axis.
  • Page 212 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Zero adjustment This function calibrates the 0 V position (ground position) to the selected zero position. Use it to assure precise results. Method ・Allow the unit to warm up for at least 1 hour to ensure that the internal temperature of the input units has stabilized.

  • Page 213: Setting The Low-Pass Filter

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.7 Setting the Low-Pass Filter ・Set the cutoff frequency for the low-pass filter, which limits the frequency bandwidth. ・When the observed waveform has high ripple content or noise, causing the recording line to become thick, or if pulse type noise is present, the low-pass filter should be enabled.

  • Page 214: Setting The Thermocouple Type (8918 Only)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.8 Setting the Thermocouple Type (8918 Only) The temperature unit 8918 can use three types of thermocouples. Choose the correct setting for the thermocouple in use. Method 1. Move the flashing cursor to the point shown in the figure. (This item is not displayed for channels where the temperature unit 8918 is not installed.) 2.

  • Page 215: Setting The Antialiasing Filter (8919 Only)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.9 Setting the Antialiasing Filter (8919 Only) ・The FFT unit 8919 incorporates an antialiasing filter designed to prevent aliasing distortion ( Appendix 2). The filter can be set to ON or OFF. The cutoff frequency of the filter is set automatically, according to the frequency range and time axis setting.
  • Page 216 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Antialiasing filter cutoff frequency and range settings for each function The cutoff frequency is the same value as the frequency range (except when a different value is specified in brackets). Frequency range Time axis range FFT function Memory recorder, recorder function [ Hz ] [ /DIV ] 500 μs *...

  • Page 217: Arbitrary Setting If Voltage Axis Magnification

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.10 Arbitrary Setting if Voltage Axis Magnification/ Compression and Display Range (Variable Display Function) (FFT Excluded) This function allows setting the 1 DIV value on the voltage axis or the display range in voltage axis direction to any setting. (1) Voltage axis magnification/compression ・Set the value which should correspond to 1 DIV on the voltage axis.
  • Page 218 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. Set the position item. (Same as in step 3.) Function key com/jog11 Meaning display 0 to 9 ( -9 to +9 for the most significant digit, -29 to +29 for exponent.) : Reset When voltage axis range or zero position are changed, the upper limit and NOTE lower limit values also change.

  • Page 219: Copying Channel Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Reset When the flashing cursor is on the items range/div, position, lower, or upper, pressing this key causes the upper and lower limit values to be calculated from the voltage axis range setting and zero position setting (page 1). The calculated values are automatically inserted in the respective positions.

  • Page 220: Making Channel Settings On Display Screen

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 9.6.12 Making Channel Settings on Display Screen ・With the key, individual channel setting items and the variable CH. SET function setting can be superimposed on the current display screen. The item is switched with each push of the button. ・Move the flashing cursor to the item and make the setting in the same way as described for the CHANNEL screen.

  • Page 221: Chapter 10 Trigger Functions

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 10 Trigger Functions (For all functions) 10.1 Overview ・The term "trigger" refers to a signal which is used to control the timing for recording start or stop. ・The term "triggering has occurred" refers to the state when such a signal has activated recording start or stop.

  • Page 222: Setting The Trigger Mode

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.2 Setting the Trigger Mode ・The trigger mode determines the way triggering is used to control operation of the 8846. ・When all trigger sources are OFF, the waveform is recorded continuously in the interval between pressing the key and the...

  • Page 223: Setting Trigger Source And/Or Linking

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.3 Setting Trigger Source AND/OR Linking The analog trigger, logic trigger, and timer trigger can be linked with the AND/OR logical operators. AND: Triggering occurs when conditions for all triggers are met. OR: Triggering occurs when conditions for one trigger are met. The external trigger cannot be AND/OR linked with other trigger sources.

  • Page 224: Setting The Pretrigger (Memory Recorder, Fft)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.4 Setting the Pretrigger (Memory recorder, FFT) ・The pretrigger function serves to record the waveform not only after but also before triggering has occurred. ・Using the recording start point as 0% and the recording end point as 100%, the trigger point can be specified in percent. ・When all trigger sources are set to OFF, pretrigger cannot be set.
  • Page 225 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: STATUS (page 1), CHANNEL (page 1), DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the pre-trig item. 2. Use the control or the function keys to make the selection. Function key Meaning display 0, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 95, 100, -95% NOTE ・When the pretrigger is set (memory recorder or...

  • Page 226: Using The Analog Trigger Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.5 Using the Analog Trigger Function The analog signal input channels (CH1 - CH16) can be used as trigger source. 10-06 Method Screen: STATUS (page 2) (1) While STATUS (page 2) screen is shown 1. Move the flashing cursor to the point shown in the figure.

  • Page 227: Level Trigger

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.5.1 Level Trigger ・Triggering occurs when the input signal crosses the preset trigger level (voltage) with the preset trigger slope ( , ・When a trigger filter is used, triggering occurs only within the filter width. This is useful to exclude noise. Input waveform Trigger level Trigger level...
  • Page 228 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: STATUS (page 2), DISPLAY Can be used when the specified channel is an analog input channel. 1. Move the flashing cursor to the position as shown in the figure, and press F2 [ LEVEL ] 2. Set the trigger level. Use the control or the function keys to make the selection.
  • Page 229 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ･ To cause triggering at point A or point B with the sine wave shown below, NOTE make the following settings. ･ When using the recorder function, the filter width is limited by the time axis range setting. Time axis range Filter width (/DIV) (maximum value)

  • Page 230: Window-In, Window-Out Trigger

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.5.2 Window-In, Window-Out Trigger Window-in trigger Set upper limit level and lower limit level and activated when the input signal enters the range between these limits. Window-out trigger Set upper limit level and lower limit level and activated when the input signal leaves this range.
  • Page 231 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3. Set the upper trigger level ・Make the setting as in step 2. ・The value must be smaller than the lower trigger level. 4. Set the trigger filter ・This setting cannot be made from the display screen. ・Use the function keys or the control to make the setting.

  • Page 232: Using The Logic Trigger Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.6 Using the Logic Trigger Function ・The signal of a logic channel can be used as trigger source. ・The channel must be set to LOGIC on the CHANNEL screen ( Section 9.4). ・A trigger pattern and logical operator (AND/OR) are specified, and triggering occurs when the trigger conditions are met.
  • Page 233 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. Set the AND/OR operator. Determine whether to use the AND or OR logical operator. Function key display Meaning : Triggering occurs if any one of the logic input signals conforms to the trigger pattern. : Triggering only occurs if all of the logic input signals conforms to the trigger pattern.
  • Page 234 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) While display screen is shown 1. Move the flashing cursor to the point shown in the illustration, and select a channel that is set to logic input. Function key Meaning display 10-13, 24, 25 S1 to S16 2. Move the flashing cursor to the point shown in the illustration, and select a logic channel.
  • Page 235 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Setting example of the logic trigger (1) If the trigger pattern has been set to "10××" with the operator OR, then triggering occurs as shown in the figure below. Trigger pattern CHA1 1 CHA2 0 CHA3 × CHA4 × (2) If the trigger pattern has been set to "10××" with the operator AND, then triggering occurs as shown in the figure above.

  • Page 236: Using The External Trigger Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.7 Using the External Trigger Function ・An external signal can be used as trigger source. ・The EXT TRIG connector is used for this purpose. ・For details, refer to Section 21.3. External trigger connector Method Screen: STATUS (page 2) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the external item. 2.

  • Page 237: Using The Timer Trigger Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.8 Using the Timer Trigger Function ・This function serves to activate recording at preset times. ・Triggering can be performed at constant intervals within a preset start time and end time. Time interval Time interval Start time End time Method Screen: STATUS (page 2) 1.
  • Page 238 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. Set the end time (month, day, hour, minute). Move the flashing cursor to the stop item. Use the function keys or the control to make the setting. 5. Set the trigger interval (day, hour, minute, second). ・The setting range is 0 s to 10 d 23 h 59 m 59 s. Move the flashing cursor to the interval item.
  • Page 239 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) When trigger sources are set to AND ・Measurement is carried out from the start time to the end time. Triggering occurs at the preset intervals if the conditions for the other trigger sources are also met at these points. ・If the interval has been set to 0s, triggering occurs at any point between the start and end time, if if the conditions for the other trigger sources are met.

  • Page 240: Trigger Output Connector

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.9 Trigger Output Connector ・When triggering occurs, a signal is output from the TRIG OUT connector. ・This can be used to synchronize several 8846 units. ・For details, refer to Section 21.4. Trigger output connector ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 10.9 Trigger Output Connector...

  • Page 241: Chapter 11 System Screen Settings

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 11 SYSTEM Screen Settings (For all functions) 11.1 Overview The SYSTEM screen serves to set the following items which are common to all functions. (Refer to the following Sections) ・Setting the clock (11.3.1) ・Clearing waveform data (11.3.2) ・System reset (11.3.3) ・Channel selection (11.4.1)

  • Page 242: How To Use The System Screen

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.2 How to Use the SYSTEM Screen ・Press the key to call up the SYSTEM screen. SYSTEM ・On the SYSTEM screen, items common to all functions are displayed. ・Use the function keys to select the item you wish to set and then make the setting.

  • Page 243: Initialization [ Initialize ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.3 Initialization [ INITIALIZE ] Setting the clock (TIME SET), clearing waveform data (DATA CLEAR), and initialization of setting items (SYSTEM RESET) are available. 11-02## Method Screen: SYSTEM (INITIALIZE) 1. Press INITIALIZE F1 [ 2. Move the flashing cursor to the setting item, and press the function key to make the selection.

  • Page 244: Clear Waveform Data [ Data Clear ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: SYSTEM (INITIALIZE) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the year, month, day, hour, minute, second items of (1) TIME SET and make the settings. 2. Press to start the clock. F5 [ set ] Function key 11-g03 Meaning display Set numerals for year, month, day,...

  • Page 245: System Reset [ System Reset ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.3.3 System Reset [ SYSTEM RESET ] ・Resets all settings to the factory default values. ・The same effect can be achieved by turning power to the unit on while holding down the key ( Section 23.5). STOP Method Screen: SYSTEM (INITIALIZE) 1.
  • Page 246 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Recorder function Settings Display items Initial settings TIme axis range 10 ms/DIV (8927 not time/div installed), 20 ms/DIV Time axis time/div zoom ×1 magnification Recording time recording time Display format format SINGLE Interpolation dot-line LINE Recording medium recording medium Printer recording print mode WAVEFORM...
  • Page 247 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) Channel screen Setting displays Initial settings Input type ANALOG Waveform display color Same color as channel number (not in FFT) Voltage axis range Minimum range of installed amplifier ×1 Zooming Zero position 10 DIV Filter (3) System screen Display items Initial settings (1) using unit...

  • Page 248: Special Function Settings [ Setup ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4 Special Function Settings [ SETUP ] The following 10 functions are available. (1) Channel selection ( 11.4.1 ) (2) Start key backup ( 11.4.2 ) (3) Setting the grid ( 11.4.3 ) (4) Channel marker function ( 11.4.4 ) (5) Time axis display ( 11.4.5 ) (6) List and gauge functions (...

  • Page 249: Channel Selection

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.1 Channel Selection [ using unit ] ・This function allows limiting the number of units to be used. ・Be sure to make this setting before measurement. ・Units in use are assigned to channels in ascending order. ･ When using the memory recorder function, the number of units determines the NOTE available recording length ( Section 6.2.3).

  • Page 250: Start Key Backup

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.2 Start Key Backup [ start backup ] When this function is enabled, the unit will operate as follows: If the power supply is interrupted during measurement (while the key LED is lit), START recording is restarted immediately as soon as the power is restored. If the trigger function is used, the unit goes into trigger standby mode.

  • Page 251: Setting The Grid

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.3 Setting the Grid [ grid type ] ・Sets the type of grid to be used for printout. ・The following seven settings are available: OFF (no grid), standard, fine, standard (dark), fine (dark), standard (shaded), fine (shaded). ・Only OFF and standard (used at any other setting) are available for the display.
  • Page 252 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: SYSTEM (SETUP) 1. Move the flashing cursor to (3) grid type item. 2. Press the function key to make the settings. ･ 1/2 Function key 11-g08 Meaning display : Off : Standard : Fine : Switch to page 2/2 ･...

  • Page 253: Channel Marker Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.4 Channel Marker Function [ channel marker ] This function adds channel numbers to the waveforms on the printout. Logic channel number Channel number scan/11.4.4 11-10 ## Method Screen: SYSTEM (SETUP) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (4) channel marker item.

  • Page 254: Time Axis Display

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.5 Time Axis Display [ time axis ] Determines the way the time from the trigger point is printed out. Time +300s Time (base 60) +5min Scale Date '96‑11‑22 03:00:00 000'000" '96‑11‑22 03:05:00 000'000" 11-11 ## Method Screen: SYSTEM (SETUP) 1.

  • Page 255: List And Gauge Functions

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.6 List and Gauge Functions [ list & gauge ] When a waveform is being printed (except for screen hard copies), a gauge (vertical scale) and list of setting items can be added. scan/11.4.6-1, 2 ## CH1 gauge   CH2 gauge 10.0 List of settings Graph...

  • Page 256: Backlight Saver Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.7 Backlight Saver Function [ backlight saver ] ・When this function is enabled, LCD backlighting is turned off automatically if no key is pressed for about 10 minutes. ・Pressing any key will turn the backlight on again. ・This increases the service life of the backlight. 11-13## Method Screen: SYSTEM (SETUP)

  • Page 257: Setting Screen Colors

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.8 Setting Screen Colors [ LCD color type ] The user can choose between various color patterns for the display. 11-14## Method Screen: SYSTEM (SETUP) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (8) LCD color type item. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. Function key  com/jog1 Meaning...

  • Page 258: Setting The Volume [ Volume ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.9 Setting the Volume [ volume ] ・This setting controls the volume of the error and warning beep that is also produced when a waveform decision result is NG, and when stop mode is entered. ・The setting also affects the volume with which a voice memo is played back when using the recorder function.

  • Page 259: Intermittent Printing [ Intermittent Print ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.10 Intermittent Printing [ intermittent print ] ・When the interpolation function is set to ON and the envelope waveform exceeds 0.5 DIV, printout is carried out with reduced frequency. ・When operating the unit on DC, this can help to conserve power. ・The intermittent printing setting can be chosen also when operating the unit on AC.

  • Page 260: Selecting The Hard Copy Destination

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.11 Selecting the Hard Copy Destination Method Screen: SYSTEM (SETUP) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (11) COPY output item. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. Function key 11-g Meaning display : Output to printer. Save bitmap file to MO disk (monochrome).

  • Page 261: Setting The Display Language

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.4.12 Setting the Display Language The display languages can be switched between Japanese and English. Method Screen: SYSTEM (SETUP) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (12) language item. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. Function key 11-g Meaning display...

  • Page 262: Scaling Function [ Scaling ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.5 Scaling Function [ SCALING ] ・The scaling function can be used to convert an output voltage from a sensor or similar into a physical quantity. ・Two types of scaling functions are available. Method 1 (conversion ratio method) Scaling is performed by specifying a physical quantity to correspond to a 1V input signal (conversion ratio: eu/v), an offset value, and the unit (eu: engineering units).

  • Page 263: Conversion Ratio Scaling

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.5.1 Conversion Ratio Scaling 11-17 Method Screen: SYSTEM (SCALING) 1. Press to call up the scaling screen. F3 [ SCALING ] 2. Move the flashing cursor to scale kind and select RATIO. Function key 11-g25 Meaning display : Use conversion ratio method : Use 2-point method 3.

  • Page 264: 2-Point Scaling

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5. Enter the "Unit name: eu". ・The unit name can be up to 7 characters long. ・When the flashing cursor is moved within the [ ] brackets, the function key display for comment input appears. ・For details on how to enter the unit name, refer to Section 11.6.1 11.5.2 2-Point Scaling Method Screen: SYSTEM (SCALING)
  • Page 265 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ・Move the flashing cursor to each item and make the setting. Function key Meaning display 0 to 9 ( -9 to +9 for the most significant digit, -29 to +29 for exponent.) 5. Enter the "Unit name: eu". ・The unit name can be up to 7 characters long. ・When the flashing cursor is moved within the [ ] brackets, the function key display for comment input appears.
  • Page 266 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Relationship between scaling function and variable function When both the scaling and variable functions are to be used, the setting procedure differs, depending on the order the functions are enabled. Scaling setting → Variable setting Method 1 1. Make the settings for the scaling function (conversion ratio method or 2-point method).

  • Page 267: Scaling Setting Example

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.5.3 Scaling Setting Example Example In a circuit as shown below, the measure voltage in CH2 is to be converted into current. 10 μF 10 V p-p 60 Hz Sine wave 200 Ω 1/4 W To determine current from voltage, Ohm’s law is applied as follows. Y = 200X X: Current flowing in resistor (A) Y: Voltage between resistor terminals (V)
  • Page 268 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method 2 (2-point method) Equation (1) is transformed into X=0.005Y From equation (2), two points are chosen. Point A: When voltage Y=0 (V), then current X=0 (A) Point B: When voltage Y=10 (V), then current X=0.05 (A) These two points are converted. A: (0.0000E+0 →...

  • Page 269: Adding Comments To A Graph [ Comment ]

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.6 Adding Comments to a Graph [ COMMENT ] Comments for titles or each channel can be added. The maximum length for a comment is 20 characters in normal print (see Section 12.5). 11-19, 20 Method Screen: SYSTEM (COMMENT) 1.

  • Page 270: Comment And File Name Entry Procedure

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6. If comment or SET & CMT was selected, enter the comment for each channel. Reference The settings entered for one channel can be copied to another channel. Section 9.6.11) 11.6.1 Comment and File Name Entry Procedure When the mode for input of a comment, file name, or unit is activated, the display changes as follows.

  • Page 271: Self Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7 Self Check The following tests can be carried out. (1) ROM/RAM check ( 11.7.1 ) (2) LED check ( 11.7.2 ) (3) Printer check ( 11.7.3 ) (4) Key check ( 11.7.4 ) (5) Display check ( 11.7.5 ) (6) MO check ( 11.7.6 ) (7) D/A unit output check (when D/A output unit 9539 is installed) (...

  • Page 272: Rom/Ram Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7.1 ROM/RAM Check ・This test checks the internal memory (ROM and RAM) of the 8846. ・The test is non-destructive; it does not affect the contents of RAM. ・The result is displayed as follows. OK: Passed, NG: Failed 11-22## Method Screen: SYSTEM (SELF-TEST) 1.

  • Page 273: Led Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7.2 LED Check ・This test checks the LED indicators. ・The three LED indicators on the front panel ( key, VALUE, WAVE･A.B START CURSOR) flash simultaneously, and a beep should be heard from the speaker. 2 red LEDs 1 yellow LED 11-24### Method Screen: SYSTEM (SELF CHECK)

  • Page 274: Printer Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7.3 Printer Check This test checks the printer operation. 11-25### Method Screen: SYSTEM (SELF CHECK) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (3) PRINTER check item. 2. Press to start the test. F1 [ exec ] To cancel the test pattern printout, press the key.

  • Page 275: Key Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7.4 Key Check This test checks the key operation. 11-26, 27 Method Screen: SYSTEM (SELF CHECK) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (4) KEY check item. 2. Press . The key test screen appears. F1 [ exec ] 3.

  • Page 276: Display Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7.5 Display Check This test checks the display. 11-28### Method Screen: SYSTEM (SELF CHECK) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (5) DISPLAY check item. 2. Press to start the test. F1 [ exec ] 3. When the test is completed, press any key to return to the self-test setting screen.

  • Page 277: Mo Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7.6 MO Check ・This test checks whether the DAT drive and the 8846 main unit are communicating properly. ・The result is displayed as follows.（OK: Passed, NG: Failed) 11-29, 30### Method Screen: SYSTEM (SELF CHECK) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (6) MO check item.

  • Page 278: D/A Unit Output Check

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.7.7 D/A Unit Output Check ・This item is available when the 9539 D/A OUTPUT UNIT is installed in the expansion slot. ・Use an oscilloscope or similar to check the waveform. Method Screen: SYSTEM (SELF-TEST) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the (7) D/A OUTPUT check item. 2.

  • Page 279: Interface Settings

    7070 mode: By connecting the HIOKI 7070 WAVEFORM GENERATOR and the 8846 using the GP-IB interface, the waveform data of the 8846 can be transferred to the 7070. The HIOKI 7070 WAVEFORM GENERATOR can be purchased in Japan only.
  • Page 280 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 11.8 Interface Settings...

  • Page 281: Data

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 12 Printout of Waveform Data and Processing Data (For all functions) 12.1 Overview Waveform data can be printed out in two formats: waveform or numeric. A smooth print function is available for waveform printout. The following seven printing modes are available: ・Normal print (manual) ・Normal print (auto) ・Real-time print...

  • Page 282: Selecting Waveform Or Numeric Print

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.2 Selecting Waveform or Numeric Print ・This item lets the user select waveform or numeric print. ・Making this setting is required for normal print, real-time print, and partial print. Numeric Waveform scan/12.2num scan/12.2wav Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) in the memory recorder and recorder functions, STATUS (page 3) in the FFT function 1.
  • Page 283 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3. When numeric was selected in step 2, specify the data sample interval to be used. Function key Meaning display 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000 １ NOTE Recorder Function When numeric is selected in FFT mode, the number of output data is fixed and depends on the analysis type.

  • Page 284: Using The Smooth Print Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.3 Using the Smooth Print Function ・When waveform print is selected, the smooth print function can be used. ・When smooth print is enabled, dot density along the time axis increases by a factor of 2, to achieve a smooth waveform shape. Print speed will decrease. ・This option can be selected when using the memory recorder or recorder function.

  • Page 285: Print Settings On System Screen

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.4 Print Settings on SYSTEM Screen Set time axis display ( Section 11.4.5) The time display as incremented from the trigger point can be changed. Set grid display ( Section 11.4.3) The type of grid to be used for printout can be changed. Assign channel number to waveform for printout ( Section 11.4.4) Waveforms can be printed out with channel markers.

  • Page 286: Printing Procedure

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5 Printing Procedure The following seven printing modes are available: (1) Normal print (manual) ( key, DISPLAY screen) PRINT (2) Normal print (auto) (set with STATUS screen) (3) Real-time print (set with STATUS screen) (4) Partial print (A/B cursors, key, display screen) PRINT (5) Screen hard copy (...
  • Page 287 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: DISPLAY After the measurement is completed, press the PRINT key. Memory, FFT Data for one measurement are printed. Recorder Last data in memory before end of measurement are printed. After measurement data have been read from tape, press the PRINT key at the display screen.

  • Page 288: Normal Print (Auto) (Memory Recorder, Fft)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5.2 Normal Print (Auto) (Memory Recorder, FFT) Printing is carried out automatically when a measured waveform is displayed on the screen. 12-05, 06 Method Screen: STATUS 1. Move the flashing cursor to the auto print item. 2. Use the function keys to make the selection. Function key 12-g04 Meaning...

  • Page 289: Real-Time Print

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5.3 Real-Time Print (Recorder Function) The input waveform is printed out continuously in real time. 12-07 ### Method Screen: STATUS, DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the recording medium item. 2. Press for the recording target. F2 [ PRINTER ] Function key 12-g05### Meaning...
  • Page 290 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ・The waveform color for real-time printing can be normal or light only. (Dark becomes normal, and medium dark become light.) ・During real-time printing, the smooth print function has no effect. ・During real-time printing, setting interpolation to DOT has no effect (LINE will be used).

  • Page 291: Partial Print (Memory Recorder, Recorder)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5.4 Partial Print (Memory Recorder, Recorder) This function prints the waveform between the A and B cursors (vertical or trace cursors). ・Memory recorder Specified range (out of entire data recorded from a measurement) is printed. ・Recorder If recording on MO was carried out: Specified range (out of entire data read from tape MO) is printed.
  • Page 292 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: DISPLAY 1. Position cursor A at the start point of the range to be printed. 2. Move cursor B to the right. When the cursor is at the rightmost edge of the screen, the waveform scrolls to the left, and cursor B scrolls with it. 3.

  • Page 293: Screen Hard Copy

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5.5 Screen Hard Copy (All Functions) ・The display contents of the STATUS screen, CHANNEL screen, display screen, SYSTEM screen, and MO control screen can be printed out as is. ・The output destination of screen hard copy is set to printer. ( Section 11.4.11) Method...

  • Page 294: A4 Print (Memory Recorder, Recorder)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5.6 A4 Print (Memory Recorder, Recorder) ・This function prints the waveform range shown on the display, along with the active settings, on an A4 size (210 × 297 mm, 8.27 × 11.69 in.) printout. ・If the A and B cursors are displayed on the screen, they are also printed. Method Screen: DISPLAY Call up the desired display screen and press the...

  • Page 295: List Print (All Functions)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5.7 List Print (All Functions) The settings for the various functions made with the STATUS screen, CHANNEL screen etc. can be printed out in list format. Method Screen: Respective function setting screen, except DISPLAY Screen While the setting screen (STATUS, CHANNEL, SYSTEM, DAT) is displayed, press the key.

  • Page 296: Paper Change During Printing

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.5.8 Paper Change During Printing If the paper runs out during printing, or if the printer lever is raised, the following action should be performed. Method 1. Insert new printer paper and raise the printer lever ( Section 4.6) 2.

  • Page 297: Reading The Display And Printout

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout The relationship between the display indication and printout for the various functions is shown in this section. Memory recorder function (1) Y-T screen (dual in this example) 12-12### ・Display Graph 1 Graph 2 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...
  • Page 298 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── scan/12.6-YT ・Normal print Graph 1 Graph 2 scan/12.6-YTA ・A4 print Input channel settings Indicates upper and lower limit of waveform 15 DIV segment (same as on display) is printed. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout...
  • Page 299 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) X-Y screen (X-Y dual) 12-13### ・Display Graph 1 Graph 2 scan/12.6-XY ・Normal print Graph 1, 3 Graph 2, 4 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout...
  • Page 300 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ・A4 print Input channel settings Graph 1, 3 scan/12.6-XYA Indicates upper and lower limit of waveform Graph 2, 4 scan/12.6-XYN (3) Numeric printout Logic ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout...
  • Page 301 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Recorder function (1) Y-T screen (dual in this example) 12-14### ・Display Graph 1 Graph 2 scan/R1 OK ・Normal print, real time print Graph 1 Graph 2 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout...
  • Page 302 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── scan/12.6-RA ・A4 print Input channel settings Indicates upper and lower limit of waveform 15 DIV segment (same as on display) is printed. scan/12.6-RN (2) Numerical recording Logic ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout...
  • Page 303 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── FFT function 12-15 ### ・Display Graph 1 Graph 2 scan/12.6-F ・Normal print Graph 1 Graph 2 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout...
  • Page 304 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ・Numeric printout Graph 1 scan/ 12.6-FN Graph 2 scan/ 12.6-FN1 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 12.6 Reading the Display and Printout...

  • Page 305: Overview

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 13 Storing Data on MO/ Reading Data From MO 13.1 Overview ・Data can be stored on magneto optical disk (MO). ・Waveform data, measurement setting data, and waveform parameter evaluation data can be stored in separate files. ・There are two formats for storing waveform data: binary format and text format.

  • Page 306: About The Mo Disk

    13-0102 Write enable Write protect Format Before use the MO disk to record the data with the unit, always format using the 8846. For details on formatting, see Section 13.10.4, "Formatting the MO Disk". ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.2 About the MO Disk...

  • Page 307: Mo Drive Operation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.3 MO Drive Operation Inserting the MO disk Insert the MO disk into the disk slot with the arrow mark facing to the right, as shown in the illustration. Arrow mark BUSY lamp Manual eject hole The lid to the disk slot has a two-layer construction. Note that it is not NOTE possible to insert a disk when the outer panel is closed.
  • Page 308 ・To use this function, note the following: (1) Use a disk formatted on the 8846 itself (normal format). (2) On an MO disk to be used on the 8846, do not add, delete, or rename files using a separate computer.

  • Page 309: Displaying File List And File Information

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.4 Displaying File List and File Information ・You can display a list of files contained on a MO disk. ・You can check the contents of stored files. 13.4.1 Displaying a File List File name, the date and time are displayed when the data is stored in a file. 13-03, 04## Method Screen: MO...

  • Page 310: Displaying File Information

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.4.2 Displaying File Information The measurement settings that were used to store the file and title comments can be displayed. Method Screen: MO 1. Display the file list ( Section 13.4.1). 2. Move the flashing cursor to the desired file, and press F1 [ file info ].

  • Page 311: Storing Data On A Mo Disk

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.5 Storing Data on a MO Disk 13.5.1 Storing Memory Recorder and FFT Data The following three store types are available. ・Storing data on MO disk after measurement is completed. ・Storing data automatically during measurement (auto store). ・Storing data between cursors after measurement is completed (memory recorder function only) There is a limit of 10,000 on the number of files that can be stored in a single NOTE...
  • Page 312 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5. Select the file type with the function keys. Function key 13-g04 Meaning display Store recorded waveform data and some measurement settings (.MEM, FFT, or .TXT file) : Store current settings (.SET file) : Store only evaluation area recorded in memory (.ARE file) : Return to the previous setting item.
  • Page 313 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7. When "waveform data" was selected, select the type of storing data. Data in binary format is not directly accessible on a personal computer, but is much more compact. Text data can be read directly into spreadsheet or other software on the computer. Function key 13-G29 Meaning...
  • Page 314 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8. When "waveform data" was selected, move the flashing cursor to the channel item and select the channel whose data are to be stored. ○: store, ×: not store Function key 13-G32 Meaning display : Execute the store process : Store data for selected channel : Do not store data for selected channel : Store data for all channels...
  • Page 315 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7. Move the flashing cursor to saving format item to select the type of storing. Function key 13-G34 Meaning display : Save in binary format. : Save in text format. ・When the text format is selected: When the header presence or absence selection is made The header includes the date and time of saving, the channels saved, and other information.
  • Page 316 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (3) Select the data between cursors. (memory recorder function) ・After recording the waveform data in memory recorder function, the data to be stored is specified by the A and B cursors. ・Using the vertical cursor or trace cursor specified range. Screen: Memory recorder →...

  • Page 317: Storing Recorder Data

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.5.2 Storing Recorder Data There are following two methods of storing (1) Storing waveform data and measurement settings in real time (2) Storing settings only (1) Storing waveform data and measurement settings ・Waveform data are stored on MO disk at the same time as being displayed on the screen.
  • Page 318 ･ When carrying out measurement with a fast time axis range, use an MO disk which has been newly formatted by the 8846. (If the MO disk has had frequent file additions and deletions made, the resulting fragmentation may cause recording to be lost, and the measurement to stop.

  • Page 319: Automatic File Name Assignment

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5. Enter the file name ( Section 11.6.1). If no file name is entered, a file name is assigned automatically ( Section 13.5.3). 6. Press the key to store the current F1 [ exec ] settings on MO disk. 13.5.3 Automatic File Name Assignment If no file name is input when storing data, the file name is assigned automatically, as follows.

  • Page 320: File Contents And Size

    13.5.4 File Contents and Size ・The contents of a file depend on the file type (WAV, SET, or ARE) and the function of the 8846. ・The size of a file can be roughly calculated, using the equations shown in this Section.
  • Page 321 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Recorder Mode WAVE FUNC Setting item Function Time axis range Recording time Display format Interpolation Recording target Printout format Logging cycle Microphone channel Trigger setting Waveform parameter Calculation Evaluation Setting item      Mode WAVE FUNC AREA Function FFT channel mode Frequency range Window function Display format...
  • Page 322 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Display screen settings Memory recorder Recorder Function Setting item WAVE FUNC AREA WAVE FUNC Time axis magnification/ compression CHANNEL screen settings Memory recorder Recorder Function Setting item WAVE FUNC AREA WAVE FUNC WAVE FUNC AREA Input format Display color −...
  • Page 323 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) File size calculation ・The approximate file size can be calculated as follows. ・The "file number" is the number of the stored file or the file to be stored, as counted from the first file. When the remaining space on the disk drops to about 1 M bytes in recorder NOTE function, new data cannot be stored.

  • Page 324: Reading Data From Mo Disk

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.6 Reading Data From MO Disk 13.6.1 Reading Stored Data This procedure reads data that were stored with the memory recorder, recorder, or FFT function. 13-03 Method Screen: MO 1. Insert the disk with the desired files into the MO drive.
  • Page 325 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── .MEM file When .MEM (1) Select either (exec) or overwrite The saved data, time axis, and record (exec) length are read. (The data saved in memory is discarded.) Data saved in memory is overwritten overwrite with the new data being read. (Data is read using the most-recently set time axis and record length.) Function key...

  • Page 326: Playback Of Stored Data

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.6.2 Playback of Stored Data ・Playback the waveform data (.REC file) stored in recorder function. ・If the D/A output unit 9539 is installed, the analog waveform can be displayed in real time ( Chapter 22). The following data cannot be played back: NOTE 1.
  • Page 327 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. Make the settings on the playback command screen. Move the flashing cursor to the respective items and make the settings with the function keys or control. Set start time and end time. Time setting (from 00:00:00 at beginning of file) Move the flashing cursor to the start time and end time items and make the settings with the function keys or the...
  • Page 328 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Make "Playback mode" settings. Function key 13-g13 Meaning display : Play back specified range once : Play back specified range repeatedly : Return to file list screen Set speaker output. ・Select the channel data which are to be output from the speaker.
  • Page 329 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 5. Move the flashing cursor to the execute position and press the key. F1 [ exec ] The voice is played back and then waveform is output from the D/A output unit without changing the screen. 6. When playback mode is set to REPEAT, press the key when you wish to stop playback.
  • Page 330 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Read data from playback screen ・Select the point for reading data. ・Set the point for reading data as start time. ・Carry out playback. The data of point where playback is interrupted can be read. Method 1 Read data of point where start time is set . 1.

  • Page 331: Recording The Recorder Waveform Data Stored On Mo In Memory Recorder Function/Fft Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.7 Recording the Recorder Waveform Data Stored on MO in Memory Recorder Function/FFT Function (FILEtoMEM/FFTT) Recorder waveform data stored on MO disk (.REC file) are recorded using the memory recorder function or FFT function. Method (MO→ Memory recorder function or FFT function) 1.
  • Page 332 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Event mark setting Set the time where an event mark (*) was placed during recording. (See Section 13.5.2) ・ "Start time" and "Stop time" use the time where an event mark was placed. ・ Press the "Start time" or "Stop time" function key to activate the respective input mode, select the event mark with the jog control or CURSOR keys, and enter the time by pressing...

  • Page 333: Deleting Stored Data (Directory And File Deleting)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.8 Deleting Stored Data (directory and file deleting) ・This function erases all file data stored on a MO disk. ・Deleting a directory deletes the directory and all files that it contains. ・Deleting a file deletes only the data of the specified file. Deleting a directory ##13-26 Method...
  • Page 334 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Deleting a file ##13-27 Method (MO screen) 1. Press the key to display the file list. FILE 2. Move the flashing cursor to the file to be deleted. 3. Call up screen 2/2 with the function keys, and then press the key.

  • Page 335: Renaming File (File Name And Directory Name)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.9 Renaming File (file name and directory name) Renames the directory name and file name. Method (MO screen) 1. Display the file list on the MO screen. 2. Move the flashing cursor to the directory or file to rename. 3.

  • Page 336: Operating The Disk/ Deleting The Window (Help Key)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.10 Operating the Disk/ Deleting the Window (HELP key) Disk operation Formats the MO disk, makes a directory, and searches and sorts files. Deleting windows It is possible to delete all windows opened in the file list display in a single operation.
  • Page 337 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Deleting a window When a window is open in the file list display, press the HELP [ close windows ] key to delete all the windows in a single operation. ##13-30,31 Deletes all the windows in a single operation ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...

  • Page 338: Creating A Directory

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.10.1 Creating a Directory Method (MO screen) 1. Press the key to display the file list. FILE 2. Press the key and then press the HELP [ disk ope ] key. F2 [ MAKE DIR ] ･ 1/2 ##13-G44 Function key Meaning display...

  • Page 339: Searching File

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.10.2 Searching file Searches directory or file. Method (MO screen) 1. Press the key to display the file list. FILE 2. Press the key and then press the HELP [ disk ope ] key on the function indication. F3 [ SEARCH ] ･...
  • Page 340 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── When searching for a date When is selected: [ DATE ] Specify the date and time when the directory or file is made. Move the flashing cursor and set. Function key ##13-G49 Meaning display : Search a file. : Increase the numerical value. : Decrease the numerical value.

  • Page 341: Sorting Files

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.10.3 Sorting files This sorts the files in a directory according to their type. Method (MO screen) 1. Press the key to display the file list. FILE 2. Press the key. HELP [ disk ope ] 3. Call up screen 2/2 with the function keys, and then press the key.

  • Page 342: Formatting A Mo Disk

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.10.4 Formatting a MO Disk Delete all file data and reformat a MO disk. Before recording data with the 8846, always format a MO disk. Method (MO screen) 1. Press the key to display the file list. FILE 2. Press the key.

  • Page 343: Formatting A Mo Disk Physically (Physical Format)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.10.5 Formatting a MO Disk Physically (Physical Format) Format a disk which cannot be read by the 8846. Under normal circumstances, do not physically format a MO disk. Method (MO screen) 1. Press the key to display the file list.
  • Page 344 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 13.10 Operating the Disk/ Deleting the Window (HELP key)

  • Page 345: Chapter 14 Calculating Waveform Data

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 14 Calculating Waveform Data 14.1 Overview Waveform processing is possible only for the memory recorder function. The following operators can be used to define processing equations. ・Arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /) ・Absolute value (ABS) ・Exponent (EXP) ・Logarithm (LOG) ・Square root (SQR) ・Displacement average (MOV) ・Parallel displacement on time axis (SLI)

  • Page 346: Preparing For Waveform Processing

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.2 Preparing for Waveform Processing ・The settings are available on the STATUS screen (page 4), only when using the memory recorder function. ・Press the key to call up the STATUS screen (page 4). STATUS Press STATUS key to call up STATUS screen Method Screen: STATUS (page 4)
  • Page 347 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6. Perform waveform processing. There are two methods for starting waveform processing Waveform processing while capturing the waveform 1. Set wave calculation to ON and make the required settings. 2. Press the key. START 3. Processing is carried out on the captured waveform, and the result is displayed on the screen.

  • Page 348: Defining The Processing Equation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.3 Defining the Processing Equation ・Set wave calculation to ON. ・Eight equations (Z1 - Z8) can be defined. 14.3.1 Entering the Equation Method 1. Move the flashing cursor to Z1 to Z8. 2. Press for equation entry. F1 [ enter eqn] Function key 14-g01 Meaning...
  • Page 349 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Operators For details, see Section 14.8, (2) to (17). Absolute value Exponential Logarithm Square root Displacement average Parallel displacement on time axis (7) 1st differential 1st integral DIF2 2nd differential (10) INT2 2nd integral (11) Sine (12) Cosine (13) Tangent (14) ASIN...
  • Page 350 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. When the equations have been input, press the key. F5 [ exit ] If there are any syntax errors in the equations (incomplete bracketing, missing " ", more than two MOV, SLI, DIF, DIF2, INT, INT2 operators, etc.), a "?" is displayed, and the cursor rests on the error, so that the problem can be corrected.

  • Page 351: Deleting An Equation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── com/jog3 Function key display Meaning : For MOV (moving average): 1 to 4000 For SLI (parallel displacement): -4000 to +4000 14.3.2 Deleting an Equation Method 1. Move the flashing cursor to one of the Z1 - Z8 items. 2. Press P3 [ clear eqn ] Function key 14-g01...

  • Page 352: Copying An Equation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.3.3 Copying an Equation An equation to which an equation number has been assigned (copy source) can be copied to another equation number (copy target). Method 1. Move the flashing cursor to one of the Z1 - Z8 items. 2.

  • Page 353: Setting The Channel For Recording Processing Results

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.4 Setting the Channel for Recording Processing Results ・The calculation result of equations Z1 - Z8 can be recorded and displayed in a specified channel. ・Processing results can be recorded also in channels where no input unit is installed (but the range of the "number of units in use" setting cannot be exceeded).

  • Page 354: Setting The Display Scale

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.5 Setting the Display Scale ・Display scale can be set automatically or manually. ・The channel selected for recording is automatically set to variable display Section 9.6.10). Method flashing cursor Move the flashing cursor to the position shown in the illustration and make the setting with the function keys.

  • Page 355: Specifying The Waveform Processing Range

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.6 Specifying the Waveform Processing Range ・Use the A/B cursors (or trace cursor) to specify the processing range for the waveform data. ・Processing is carried out only for data between the A/B cursors. ・If the A/B cursors are turned off, or if a horizontal cursor is used, processing is carried out for all data.

  • Page 356: Setting Example For Waveform Processing

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.7 Setting Example for Waveform Processing Example Using the circuit shown in the illustration, the voltage applied to the load is measured in CH1, the voltage at the resistor in CH2, the waveform of the current flowing through the load in CH3, and instant power waveform data for the load are determined and recorded in CH4.
  • Page 357 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Make settings for CH2 as for CH1. CHANNEL screen 14-16### Method 1. Set wave calculation on STATUS screen (page 4) to 2. Enter the processing equation. Move the flashing cursor to Z1 and press the key. [ enter ] Enter the following equation: Z1=CH2/a Press the...
  • Page 358 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 6. Press the key to activate the display screen. DISP 7. Press the key to start processing. START 8. Press the key to interrupt the measurement. STOP The processing results of CH3 and CH4 are shown with color set 3 for CH3 and color set 4 for CH4.

  • Page 359: Details On Operators

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.8 Details on Operators (1) The four arithmetical operations (＋, ー, ＊, ／) According to the operators set, the four arithmetical operations are performed. (2) Absolute value (ABS) Equation: = |d | (i = 1, 2, .., n) : i-th data of calculation result : i-th data of source channel (3) Exponential (EXP) Equation:...
  • Page 360 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (6) Moving average (MOV) Equation: (i = 1, 2, .., n) : i-th data of calculation result : i-th data of source channel k : number of points for averaging (1 to 4000) 1 DIV = 100 points NOTE (7) Parallel displacement on time axis (SLI) Shifts the value on the time axis by a certain number of points.
  • Page 361 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ・Equation for 1st differential: Point t = ―――［-25d + 48d - 36d + 16d - 3d ］ + 18d - 6d ］ Point t = ―――［-3d - 10d Point t = ―――［d - 8d + 8d ］ Point t = ―――［d - 8d + 8d...
  • Page 362 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (10) 1st integral (INT) (11) 2nd integral (INT2) ・The 1st and 2nd integral calculation uses the trapezoidal rule. ・Data corresponding to sample time t1 - tn are taken as d1 - dn and used for calculating the integral. ・Equation for 1st integral: Point t Point t = ――...
  • Page 363 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (13) Cosine (SOS) Equation: = cos (d (i = 1, 2, .., n) : i-th data of calculation result : i-th data of source channel (14) Tangent (TAN) Equation: = tan (d ), and -10≦bi≦10 (i = 1, 2, .., n) : i-th data of calculation result : i-th data of source channel (15) Arc-sine (ASIN)
  • Page 364 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 14.8 Details on Operators...

  • Page 365: Chapter 15 Determining Waveform Parameters / Evaluating Parameter Values

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 15 Determining Waveform Parameters / Evaluating Parameter Values 15.1 Overview Waveform parameter calculation ・Available for memory recorder and recorder functions. ・Parameters that were used for captured waveform data and for data after waveform processing can be determined. The result is shown in numeric form. ・The following 14 types of calculations are possible: Average value, RMS value, peak-to-peak value Maximum value, time to reach maximum, minimum value,...

  • Page 366: Making Settings For Waveform Parameter Calculation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15.2 Making Settings for Waveform Parameter Calculation ・Settings for waveform parameter calculation are made with the STATUS screen (page 3). ・Press the key to call up the STATUS screen (page 3). STATUS 15-01, 06 Method Screen: STATUS (page 3) Move the flashing cursor to the items in the order as shown in the illustration.
  • Page 367 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ･ 2/4 Function key 15-g03 Meaning display : Maximum value ( Section 15.8 (4)) : Time to maximum value( Section 15.8 (5)) : Minimum value ( Section 15.8 (6)) : Time to minimum value ( Section 15.8 (7)) : Switch to 3/4 ･...
  • Page 368 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 4. Calculation channel settings Function key Meaning display ALL, CH1 to CH16 (ALL: Call channels, CH1 to CH16) NOTE Also when ALL is selected, channels where no units are installed and channels for which display/record is set to OFF will not be calculated. 15-02 When "X-Y area"...
  • Page 369 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7. Executing waveform parameter calculation ・There are two methods for starting parameter calculation. Parameter calculation while capturing the waveform 1. Set measurement to ON and make the required settings. 2. Press the key to activate the display screen, and then press the DISP key.

  • Page 370: Making Settings For Waveform Parameter Evaluation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15.3 Making Settings for Waveform Parameter Evaluation Depending on the results of the waveform parameter calculation, a GO (pass) or NG (fail) result is returned. Out NG is returned when result is outside of specified range. NG is returned when result is inside specified range (excluding upper and lower limit).
  • Page 371 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method Screen: STATUS (page 1) Move the flashing cursor to the items in the order as shown in the illustration. 1. Make the settings for waveform parameter calculation ( Section 15.2). 2. Move the flashing cursor to the comparison item and select OUT or IN.
  • Page 372 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Stop mode and trigger mode ・When waveform parameter evaluation has been set to OUT or IN, and the key is pressed to start the measurement, operation will stop when the START evaluation result is NG. ・When auto print is set to ON, the waveform is printed out when operation stops. ・When auto save is set to ON, data are stored on MO disk when operation stops.

  • Page 373: Using The Ng Output

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15.4 Using the NG Output ・When the evaluation result is NG, an NG output signal can be obtained between the NG terminal and the GND terminal. ・For details, please refer to the Section 21.6. GND terminal NG output terminal ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...

  • Page 374: Specifying A Range For Waveform Parameter Calculation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15.5 Specifying a Range for Waveform Parameter Calculation ・The A/B cursors (vertical, trace) can be used to specify a range of waveform data for processing. ・When a range is specified, waveform parameters are calculated only for the data between the A/B cursors. ・When not using the A/B cursors, or when using the horizontal cursor, waveform parameter calculation is carried out for all data.

  • Page 375: Printing Out Waveform Parameter Calculation Results

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15.6 Printing Out Waveform Parameter Calculation Results Calculation results can be printed out. Method Screen: STATUS (page 3) Move the flashing cursor to the printer item and set it to ON. Function key Meaning display Disable printout of parameter calculation results Enable printout of parameter calculation results...

  • Page 376: Waveform Parameter Calculation And Waveform

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15.7 Waveform Parameter Calculation and Waveform Parameter Evaluation Examples Example ・Using the circuit shown in the illustration, the voltage at the resistor is measured in CH2, and the RMS (effective) voltage is determined. ・Waveform parameter evaluation is carried out to determine whether the RMS voltage is within the permissible range that can be applied to the resistor (1/4 W).
  • Page 377 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Setting Make the settings on the STATUS screen and the CHANNEL screen of the memory recorder function as follows ( Section 5.2.1). Change the trigger mode to SINGLE so that measurement stops when the evaluation result is NG. Status Screen (page 2) Status Screen (page 1) 15-10 15-09##...
  • Page 378 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15-05 Method 1. Set "Waveform parameter calculation" on the STATUS screen (page 3) to ON by pressing the 2. Set the printer to OFF. 3. Move the flashing cursor to the No. 1 item and select F3 [ RMS ]. 4.

  • Page 379: Parameter Calculation Details

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 15.8 Parameter Calculation Details (1) Average value ・Calculates the average value (V) of the waveform data. ・Equation:   AVE: average value n: number of data samples : i-th data of the source channel (2) RMS value ・Calculates the RMS (effective) value (V) of the waveform data. ・When scaling is used, the value is calculated after scaling ・Equation:  ...
  • Page 380 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (7) Time to minimum value ・Calculates the time interval from the triggering point to the minimum value of the waveform (in seconds). ・If there are two minimum value points, the time to the point nearest the trigger point is calculated. (8) Period (9) Frequency ・Displays the period (s) and frequency (Hz) of the signal waveform.
  • Page 381 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (12) Standard deviation ・Calculates the standard deviation (V) of the waveform data. ・Equation:   σ: standard deviation AVE: average value n : number of data samples : i-th data of the source channel (13) Area value ・Calculates the area bordered by the signal waveform and the zero position (potential 0 V).
  • Page 382 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (14) X-Y area value ・Calculates the area (V ) after X-Y plotting. ・The waveform is plotted on the X-Y screen, and the area enclosed by the plot lines is calculated. ・In single, dual, quad, or octo screen, the A/B cursors (vertical, trace) can be used to specify the range (see Section on cursor use) for X-Y plotting and area calculation.

  • Page 383: Overview

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 16 Waveform GO/NG Evaluation 16.1 Overview ・GO (pass) or NG (fail) evaluation of the input signal waveform can be performed using an evaluation area specified by the user. ・This can serve to detect irregular waveforms. ・When the evaluation result is NG, an NG signal is output from the NG terminal.
  • Page 384 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.2 Waveform Evaluation Settings The waveform evaluation function can be used from the following functions and screens: ・Memory recorder function (single screen, X-Y single screen) ・FFT (single screen, Nyquist screen) Method Screen: STATUS (page 3) in the memory recorder and FFT functions Display the respective page of the STATUS screen and move the flashing cursor to the wave comparison item.
  • Page 385 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Waveform evaluation mode and stop mode Waveform evaluation mode Stop mode Stop on GO result Stop on NG result Return NG if any part of waveform leaves evaluation area GO&NG Stop on GO or NG result Stop on GO result ALL-OUT Stop on NG result Return NG if entire waveform leaves...
  • Page 386 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Stop mode and trigger mode ・When the evaluation mode and stop mode conditions are fulfilled, measurement operation stops. ・When auto print is set to ON, the waveform is printed out when operation stops. ・When auto store is set to ON, data are stored on MO disk when operation stops. ・When memory segmentation (sequential save) is ON, data are stored in the memory block only when operation stops.
  • Page 387 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trigger mode: AUTO STOP Measurement stops when trigger mode conditions are fulfilled and triggering occurs. STOP key is pressed Capture after 1 second Measurement Capture Measurement Operation stop start waveform Capture when triggering occurs When Evaluation mode: OUT Stop mode: NG ・Waveform evaluation consists of two actions, namely capturing data and NOTE performing the evaluation.

  • Page 388: Creating The Evaluation Area

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.3 Creating the Evaluation Area ・The graphics editor serves to create the waveform evaluation area. ・The area is created by drawing it on screen. Method Screen: STATUS (page 3) in the memory recorder and FFT functions 1. Activating the editor ・Move the flashing cursor to the wave comparison item.
  • Page 389 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ･ 3/3 16-g05 Function key display Meaning Undo immediately preceding command : Store area in memory : Quit editor : Switch to 1/3 For details see Section 16.4. 3. Use these commands to create the evaluation area. 4. When the area has been stored in memory, it can be used for waveform evaluation.

  • Page 390: Editor Command Details

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.4 Editor Command Details ■ Paint Function key display: 1/3 Fills in an enclosed area. Method 1. Press F1 [ paint ]. 16-g11 2. Use the keys to move the mark to CURSOR the area to be filled in. 3.
  • Page 391 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Parallel shift Function key display: 1/3 Shifts the line pattern in parallel direction, to create an area. Method 1. Press F2 [ parallel ]. 16-g12 2. Set the amount of shift. ・Use the function keys or the control to set the value.
  • Page 392 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Line Function key display: 1/3 Serves to draw a straight or polygonal line. Method 1. Press F3 [ line ]. 16-g13 2. Use the keys to move the mark to the CURSOR start point of the line. 3. Press F1 [ set ].
  • Page 393 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Erase Function key display: 1/3 Serves to erase unwanted sections. Method 1. Press F4 [ erase ]. 16-g14 2. Use the keys to move the mark to CURSOR the start point of the section to be erased. 3. Press F1 [ set ].
  • Page 394 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Import waveform Function key display: 2/3 Loads a waveform already stored in memory into the editor. Method 16-11, 12 Press F1 [ storage ]. The waveform that was displayed on the screen is loaded into the editor. 16-g15 NOTE The imported waveform is shown in a different color from the original setting.
  • Page 395 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Reverse Function key display: 2/3 Reverses the colors of a filled-in area and the surrounding area. Method 16-13, 14 Press F2 [ reverse ]. Displays filled in area in reverse. 16-g16 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.4 Editor Command Details...
  • Page 396 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Clear screen Function key display: 2/3 Clears the entire editor screen. Method 16-15, 16 Press F3 [ all clear ]. 16-g16 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.4 Editor Command Details...
  • Page 397 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Clear area Function key display: 2/3 Clears a specified rectangular area of the editor screen. Method 1. Press F4 [ clear area ] 16-g18 2. Use the keys to move the mark to the CURSOR start corner of the area to be erased. 3.
  • Page 398 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ■ Undo Function key display: 3/3 ・Serves to undo the immediately preceding command. ・Undo is applicable to all commands except STORE and QUIT EDITOR. Method 16-19, 20 Clears the editor screen Press F1 [ undo ] 16-g19 Screen before "clear screen" is restored. ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...
  • Page 399 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Store area in memory (function key display: 3/3) ・Serves to store the created area in memory. ・After an area has been stored, it can be used for waveform evaluation. Method Press the key. F3 [ save area ] Created evaluation Stored in area memory...

  • Page 400: Using The Ng Output

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.5 Using the NG Output ・When the waveform evaluation result is NG, an NG output signal can be obtained between the NG terminal and the GND terminal. ・For details, please refer to the Section 21.6. GND terminal NG output terminal ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...

  • Page 401: Setting Example For Waveform Evaluation

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.6 Setting Example for Waveform Evaluation Example Using the circuit shown in the illustration, the power supply voltage is monitored in CH1, and the measurement is stopped if noise spikes cause the voltage to exceed the prescribed range. 10 μF 10 V p-p 200 Ω...
  • Page 402 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Channel Screen (page 1) 16-25### 16-26### Method 1. After having established the settings described above, record the waveform to be used as reference. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 16.6 Setting Example for Waveform Evaluation...
  • Page 403 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2. Move the flashing cursor to the waveform comparison item on the STATUS screen (page 3). 3. Set waveform evaluation to OUT ( ) and the stop mode to NG ( 4. Move the flashing cursor to the waveform comparison item and press F5 [ Edit ].
  • Page 404 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7. Use the key or the keys F3 [ move csr ] CURSOR to set the amount of up/down/right/left shift in DIV units. ・Since the scale is 1 V/DIV, make the following settings to obtain a 1.0 V range in the up/down directions.

  • Page 405: Chapter 17 Memory Segmentation Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 17 Memory Segmentation Function 17.1 Overview ・This function divides the memory into separate blocks, each of which can be used for waveform recording. ・The memory segmentation function has two modes: sequential save and multi- block. Sequential save function ・Memory space is divided into blocks.

  • Page 406: Using The Sequential Save Function 384

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 17.2 Using the Sequential Save Function ・Input signal capture is carried out continuously using the trigger, storing waveform data successively in each block. ・Any block in which an input signal is recorded can be called up on the display. During measurement, the display and print functions are totally disabled until NOTE data have been recorded in all blocks.
  • Page 407 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 17-01 Method Screen: STATUS (page 3) 1. Memory segmentation settings Select F2 [ SEQUEN ] Function key 17-g01 Meaning display : Disable memory segmentation : Enable sequential save function Enable multi-block function Section 17.3) 2. Number of memory blocks ・The number of available memory blocks (3, 7, 15, 31, 63) is automatically set, depending on the recording length and the number of units in use (see "Relation between recording length (DIV), number of units, and maximum...
  • Page 408 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Relation between recording length (DIV), number of units, and maximum number of memory blocks When using the sequential save function, recording length has priority over the number of memory blocks. When the recording length is changed, the number of memory blocks may automatically be adjusted. 1 unit 2 units 4 units...
  • Page 409 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trigger mode REPEAT ・When the key is pressed, waveform data are stored sequentially from START block 1 onwards. ・When the specified number of memory blocks has been recorded, storing of waveform data returns to block 1, and data continue to be recorded from block 1 onwards, overwriting the earlier data.
  • Page 410 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trigger mode AUTO STOP ・When the key is pressed, only waveform data which were captured by START triggering are stored sequentially from block 1 onwards (not waveforms captured at regular intervals). ・When the specified number of memory blocks has been recorded, measurement stops.

  • Page 411: Using The Multi-Block Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 17.3 Using the Multi-Block Function ・Memory is divided into blocks which can be freely selected by the user for storing measurement data. ・Data stored in any block can be called up on the display. ・Data from two different blocks can be superimposed on screen for easy comparison.
  • Page 412 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 2. Number of memory blocks setting ・Determine into how many blocks the memory is to be divided. ・Use the function keys or the control to make this setting. Function key Meaning display 3, 7, 15, 31, 63 The recording length per block depends on the number of memory blocks and NOTE the number of units in use (see "Relation between number of memory blocks, number of units, and maximum recording length (DIV)"...
  • Page 413 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Reference Scrolling can be carried out while the superimpose function is used Section 19.3). It is not possible to superimpose two memory blocks of different recording NOTE length. Relation between number of memory blocks, number of units, and maximum recording length (DIV) When using the multi-block function, the number of memory blocks has priority over the recording length (DIV).
  • Page 414 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 17.3 Using the Multi-Block Function...

  • Page 415: Chapter 18 Waveform Averaging

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 18 Waveform Averaging 18.1 Overview ・The averaging function allows capturing several instances of a waveform and determining the average. ・This makes it possible to eliminate noise and irregular signal components. ・Averaging is available for the memory recorder and FFT functions. ・Time axis waveform averaging (memory recorder, FFT) ・Frequency axis waveform averaging (FFT) ・Frequency axis waveform peak hold (FFT)
  • Page 416 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Frequency axis waveform averaging Averaging result 18-03, 04 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 18.1 Overview...

  • Page 417: Setting The Averaging Function 395

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 18.2 Setting the Averaging Function 18.2.1 When Using Memory Recorder Function (1) Setting the averaging count 18-05, 06### Method Screen: STATUS (page 3) 1. Move the flashing cursor to the average item. 2. Use the control or the function keys to set the averaging count.
  • Page 418 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Averaging and trigger mode Trigger mode: SINGLE 1. After the key was pressed, data are captured whenever the trigger START conditions are fulfilled, and summing averaging (*1) is carried out. 2. When the specified number of data has been captured, measurement stops automatically.
  • Page 419 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Recording length limit The maximum recording length that can be set for averaging depends on the number of units. Number of units 1 ch 2 ch 1 ch 2 ch 1 ch 2 ch 1 ch 2 ch Maximum recording 5000 2000...

  • Page 420: When Using Fft Function

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 18.2.2 When Using FFT Function Select whether to use time axis waveform averaging or frequency axis waveform averaging and set the averaging count. ・Time axis waveform averaging Captured waveform data are averaged, and the averaged value is used for FFT processing.
  • Page 421 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 3. After the settings of step 2 are completed, move the flashing cursor to the count item. 4. Use the function keys or the control to set the averaging count. Function key Meaning display 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048, 4096 NOTE ・When averaging is used together with the...
  • Page 422 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trigger mode: REPEAT 1. After the key was pressed, data are captured whenever the trigger START conditions are fulfilled and averaging is carried out for the specified count. FFT processing is performed and the result is displayed. 2. When the specified averaging count is reached, data up to that point are discarded, and new data are captured for averaging.
  • Page 423 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trigger mode: REPEAT or AUTO STOP key is pressed Input Waveform Averaging Display signal capture Data are cleared after specified number of samples were taken Trigger mode: AUTO STOP If triggering occurred at least once Waveform averaging count = specified number Input Waveform Averaging...
  • Page 424 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── FFT analysis mode and averaging Symbols in the table have the following meaning Setting is valid −: Setting is invalid (has no effect) Time axis Frequency axis FFT analysis mode Y-axis Peak hold averaging averaging Storage waveform (Linear) − Linear spectrum LIN-REAL −...

  • Page 425: Averaging Equations

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 18.3 Averaging Equations Time axis waveform averaging (memory recorder, FFT) For time axis averaging, summing averaging is synchronized by the trigger. If trigger synchronization is not performed, the results will be meaningless. (*1) Summing averaging Captured data are added sequentially and the sum is divided by the number of samples.
  • Page 426 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 18.3 Averaging Equations...

  • Page 427: Chapter 19 Using The A/B Cursors / Waveform Scrolling

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 19 Using the A/B Cursors / Waveform Scrolling 19.1 Overview The following three types of A/B cursors are available: ・Line cursor (vertical) ・Line cursor (horizontal) ・Trace cursor For FFT, only the trace cursor is available. The scroll function can be used to view a waveform (not available for FFT). ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...

  • Page 428: Using The A/B Cursors

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 19.2 Using the A/B Cursors The A/B cursors can be used to read a time difference, frequency difference, potential difference, or temperature difference on screen. (When scaling is used, the difference is displayed in the scaling value. See the section on scaling.) The following three types of A/B cursors are available: ・Line cursor (vertical) (not available for FFT)
  • Page 429 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) Trace cursor ・The value at the point where the cursor crosses the waveform can be determined. ・The trace point moves on the waveform of the specified channel. A or B value Memory recorder, Recorder Time from left edge of screen to trace Time from trigger point to trace point point Potential difference from 0 V (temperature difference from 0℃)
  • Page 430 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 19-04, 05 Method Screen: DISPLAY 1. Move the flashing cursor to the csr item. 2. The function key display changes as follows. Function key 19-g01 Meaning display : Disable A/B cursors Line cursor (vertical: t, 1/t) (not displayed for FFT) : Line cursor (horizontal: v) Trace cursor (not displayed for recorder)
  • Page 431 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── To use the line cursor (horizontal) Select (Line cursor, horizontal) key. F3 [ The channel select option appears under the csr item. If 2 or more channels are being displayed, use the flashing cursor to select the channel for which you want to read the voltage (temperature) value with the A/B cursors.
  • Page 432 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Select key 4. Press the key so that the WAVE A.B CSR SELECT LED lights up. The control now can SHUTTLE be used for waveform scrolling and for operating the A/B cursors. 5. Each push of the function key toggles between the waveform scroll mode and the A/B cursors mode.
  • Page 433 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 8. Rotate the control to move the cursor. ・t, 1/t, v or f at the cursor position can be determined. ・When the vertical cursor or trace cursor is used, cursor measurements are possible also when one of the cursors is currently off screen. Left Right Down...
  • Page 434 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Cursor movement and waveform scrolling NOTE ･ Waveform scrolling behavior when the A/B cursors are moved differs, depending on whether the vertical/trace cursor or the horizontal cursor is used. ･ The FFT screen does not allow scrolling. Vertical cursor or trace cursor (Example: trace cursor) When cursor B is moved: ・When cursor B reaches the edge of the screen, the waveform scrolls to the left.
  • Page 435 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Horizontal cursor When cursor A is moved: When cursor A reaches the edge of the screen, the waveform does not scroll. B cursor A cursor A cursor Waveform does not scroll also when Cursor A is moved down attempting to move cursor A further 19-10, 11 Reference When the vertical cursor or the trace cursor is off screen while using the...

  • Page 436: Scrolling The Waveform

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 19.3 Scrolling the Waveform ・The waveform on the display can be scrolled horizontally and vertically. ・The FFT screen does not allow scrolling. Method Screen: DISPLAY 1. Press the key so that the WAVE A.B CSR SELECT Select key LED lights up. The control now can SHUTTLE be used for waveform scrolling and for operating...
  • Page 437 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── When vertical scrolling is selected Function key 19-g04 Meaning display : Horizontal scroll : Vertical scroll : Increase channel number : Decrease channel number Switch to A/B cursor operation screen Section 19.2). 3. Use the function key display to select either vertical or horizontal scrolling.
  • Page 438 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Auto scroll Method （To scroll the waveform to the left） 1. Move the control in the direction into SHUTTLE which you want to scroll the waveform and hold the control for a few seconds. 2. When the indication Auto scroll appears on the function key display, release the control.
  • Page 439 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── The behavior of the A/B cursors during scrolling depends on whether the NOTE vertical/trace cursor or the horizontal cursor is used. When vertical or trace cursor is used (Example: vertical cursor) When the waveform is scrolled, the cursor moves off screen together with the waveform.
  • Page 440 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── When horizontal cursor is used Cursor position on screen does not change, also when waveform is scrolled. B cursors Waveform is moved down Waveform moves down. Cursor does not move A cursors ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 19.3 Scrolling the Waveform...

  • Page 441: Overview

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 20 LEVEL MON. / CH.SET / HELP Keys 20.1 Overview This chapter explains the use of the following three keys: ・LEVEL MON. key (input level check) ・CH.SET key (input channel setting) ・HELP key (waveform display position check) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20.1 Overview...

  • Page 442: Checking The Input Level (Level Mon. Key)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20.2 Checking the Input Level (LEVEL MON. Key) ・The levels of all input waveforms can be monitored in real time. ・Levels are displayed separately for CH1 - CH16 and logical CH A - CH D. ・To select the input channel, use the key.
  • Page 443 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Displays trigger level If the input waveform is out of the display screen, the color of the frame is changed. 20-01## Analog input display Display range Logic input level display Logic inputs are displayed as follows. Fixed to High level Alternates between High and Low Fixed to Low level ────────────────────────────────────────────────────...

  • Page 444: Selecting The Input Channel On The Display Screen And (Ch.set Key)

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20.3 Selecting the Input Channel on the Display Screen and Level Monitor Screen (CH.SET Key) Channel settings can be made while a waveform is displayed on screen. Method Screen: DISPLAY 1. Press the key while the display screen or level monitor screen is CH.SET shown.
  • Page 445 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Analog input settings ( Section 9.6) CH number Display color Antialiasing filter or Display graph thermocouple type Display range Voltage, temperature. Magnification/ Zero position strain axes ranges compression Low-pass filter Input coupling CH.SET key Variable function settings ( Section 9.6.10) (Channels for which variable is set to ON) Display color Display range...
  • Page 446 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Adjusting the input voltage to any desired voltage (Vernier function) ・Using fine adjustment, the input voltage can be matched to a desired reading. ・For example, an actual input voltage of 1.2 V can be converted to a 1.0 V reading.

  • Page 447: Checking The Waveform Display Position

    ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20.4 Checking the Waveform Display Position (HELP Key) key serves to check the following items: HELP (1) Position display Shows the position of the currently displayed waveform within the entire recording length (memory recorder, recorder). (2) Bar graph Shows the display position within the entire recorded waveform along the voltage axis (shown at the same time as the position display).
  • Page 448 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20-08, 09 Position display Block display (Memory recorder only) Bar graph Position display 3. To terminate the position display mode or block display mode, press the key once more. HELP Position display ・Indicates the position of the currently displayed waveform within the entire recording length.
  • Page 449 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Shifting the display position The waveform display position can be specified in three ways. (1) Position Specify the position of the shift point. (2) Time Specify the time (from recording start) of the shift point. (3) Event mark Specify the event mark of the shift point (For information on how to set event marks, refer to Section 13.5.2.) Methods (2) and (3) can be used only with the recorder function.
  • Page 450 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Time from the shift point Specified event mark 3/3 Event mark Total event mark Function key 20-g04 Meaning display : (Display only) Specify event mark : Execute shift Time and date Date and time Time at right at left edge of : Switch to page 3/4 at shift point edge of display...
  • Page 451 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Trigger searching From waveforms recorded in memory or on MO disk, you can search for points which satisfy the current trigger conditions. 20-18 Method Screen: DISPLAY 1. Record a waveform, or read it from MO disk. 2. Press the key.
  • Page 452 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Bar graph ・In position display mode, the bar graph indication is also shown. ・The bar graph indicates which part of the recorded waveform is currently being shown on the screen. ・For all displayed waveforms, the bar graph is shown with the channel number.
  • Page 453 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Changing the currently displayed memory block 20-14, 15, 16 Method 1. When block display is selected, the currently displayed memory block is indicated. 2. Use the keys to move the [ → ] F3 [ ← ] □ mark and specify the memory block you wish to display.
  • Page 454 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 20.4 Checking the Waveform Display Position (HELP Key)
  • Page 455 Chapter 21 External Input/Output Connectors / Key Lock Function 21.1 Overview The input/output connectors of the 8846 serve the following functions: ・Measurement start/stop, printer output control ・Trigger signal input/output ・Sampling rate control via external signal ・Waveform evaluation NG output ・Microphone input The KEY LOCK switch can be used to temporarily disable the other controls of the 8846.
  • Page 456 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 21.2 Using the External Start, Stop, and Print Terminals To prevent damage to the unit, take care never to exceed the voltage rating of CAUTION the inputs. Using the external input terminals, recording start/stop and printer output can be controlled for all functions. terminal Measurement starts when a signal is input here.
  • Page 457 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Using the terminals 1. Push the tab with a flatblade screwdriver or similar. 2. While keeping the tab depressed, insert a stripped wire into the connector opening. 3. Release the tab to lock the wire. Single strand: 1.0 mm dia. (AWG #18) Recommended wire Multi-strand: 0.75 mm Usable limits...
  • Page 458 EXT TRIG input. ・An external signal can be used as trigger source. ・Several 8846 units can be synchronized for parallel operation. Signal input method ・Short the terminal to ground, or input a pulse signal (High level: 2.5 - 5.0 V, Low level: 0 - 1.0 V) or a square wave signal.
  • Page 459 To prevent damage to the unit, take care never to exceed the voltage rating of CAUTION the TRIG OUT input. ・When triggering occurs, a signal is output from this connector. ・Several 8846 units can be synchronized for parallel operation. Trigger output signal Signal type open-collector signal, active Low High level: 4.5 - 5.0 V...
  • Page 460 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 21.5 Using the External Sampling Input (EXT SMPL) To prevent damage to the unit, take care never to exceed the voltage rating of CAUTION the EXT SMPL input. An external signal can be used to set the sampling rate. Signal input method ・Between the terminal and ground, input a pulse signal (High level: 2.5 - 5.0 V, Low level: 0 - 1.0 V) or a square wave signal.
  • Page 461 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 21.6 Using the NG Evaluation Output (NG) To prevent damage to the unit, take care never to exceed the voltage rating of CAUTION the NG output. When waveform evaluation or waveform parameter evaluation is used, a signal is output from this connector when the result is NG (fail). NG output signal Signal type open-collector signal, active Low...
  • Page 462 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Connection method Refer to section 21.2. Setting the output to be active on GO result (1) When waveform evaluation is used 1. Set the waveform evaluation mode to "All out". 2. Use the area editor to create the GO area. 3.
  • Page 463 ･ The 8846 does not provide a microphone power supply. Microphone types The following microphone types can be used: Dynamic microphone Electret condenser microphone (with internal battery) The following microphone models have been verified to work with the 8846. ・Dynamic microphones DM-H110 (Aiwa) AT-K40 (Audio Technica) F-V310 (Sony)
  • Page 464 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 21.8 Using the Key Lock Function ・This function disables all front-panel controls of the 8846. ・The function serves to prevent unintended changes to settings during a measurement. Method 1. Set the KEY LOCK switch to ON. 2. To cancel the function, set the KEY LOCK switch to OFF.
  • Page 465 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 22 Using the D/A Output Unit 9539 (Option) 22.1 Overview The D/A output unit 9539 can be used to convert the waveform data captured with the recorder function into an analog voltage waveform (step waveform) with a range of +6.4 V to -6.4 V. Analog waveform output 9539 D/A OUTPUT UNIT...
  • Page 466 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 22.2 Specifications Specifications measured at 23℃±5℃, relative humidity 35% - 80%, one hour after power-on. Guarantee period is 6 months. when measured with 8916, 8917, 8919, 8927, 8928 : ±6.4 V (250 Output voltage mV/DIV) when measured with 8918 : 125 mV/DIV Temperature Recording Output voltage (V)
  • Page 467 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Output voltage The relation between the measured voltage (temperature) and the output voltage is shown. ･ The output voltage of ±6.4 V (max.) applies to the open-load condition. NOTE Use the unit with load impedances of 1 kΩ or less. (At higher output impedances, the waveform will be distorted.) ･...
  • Page 468 Power ON: approx. 6 Vp-p (approx. 100 ms) Power OFF: approx. 4 Vp-p (approx. 100 ms) The D/A output unit 9539 is designed only for use with the 8845 and 8846 CAUTION MEMORY HiCORDERs. Do not use it for any other purpose.
  • Page 469 1. Disconnect all input cables and the thermocouple connection. 2. Turn power of the 8846 off and disconnect the power cord. 3. Grasp the BNC connectors on the D/A output unit and insert the unit into the expansion slot.
  • Page 470 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 22.5 Output of a Waveform Recorded With the Memory Recorder or Recorder Function A waveform recorded can be output in two ways: (1) Outputting data in memory on the unit or data read into the unit, specifying the range for output, using the A/B cursors (vertical or trace). (2) Using the "playback"...
  • Page 471 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Method 1. Record the waveform data in memory recorder or Record the waveform in Memory recorder function or read the data from MO disk. recorder or Recorder function or (.MEM, .REC file) read MEM, RECfile from MO Section 13.6). 2.
  • Page 472 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 7. Move the flashing cursor to the execute item of "A/B cursor playback". 22-g03 Function key display Meaning : Output cursor-specified range 8. Press the key. The specified waveform range is output. F1 [ exec ] 9. If "Output mode" is set to REPEAT, press the key when wishing to STOP stop the output.
  • Page 473 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 23 Maintenance 23.1 Cleaning of the Unit and Parts (1) Main unit Gently wipe dirt from the surface of the unit with a soft cloth moistened with a CAUTION small amount of water or mild detergent. Do not try to clean the unit using cleaners containing organic solvents such as benzine, alcohol, acetone, ether, ketones, thinners, or gasoline.
  • Page 474 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (2) Printer head In normal use, the printer does not require periodic maintenance. However, depending on usage conditions, the thermal head may become contaminated by dust or paper scraps. If the print seems light or if there are dropped sections, clean the head as described below.
  • Page 475 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── (3) MO drive head ･ As a precautionary measure, the drive should be cleaned about every six NOTE months of use. ･ Use the commercial MO drive head cleaner for cleaning. Cleaning procedure 1. Turn the power of the unit off and insert the head cleaner disk into the disk slot.
  • Page 476 Type A melting fuse (NM), 12 A/250 V Size: 6.4 dia. × 31.8 mm Replacement procedure 1. Set the power switch of the 8846 and the intermediate switch on the DC power supply cable to OFF. 2. Disconnect the AC power cord and the DC power cord.
  • Page 477 23.3 Removing the Battery Before Discarding the 8846 ・The 8846 incorporates a lithium battery for memory backup. ・Before final disposal of the 8846, remove the battery as described below. To avoid the risk of electric shock, be sure that all cables and the power WARNING cord are disconnected before removing the battery.
  • Page 478 5. Pull the battery up and cut the positive terminal with a wire cutter. 6. Pull the battery further up. 7. Cut the negative terminal (under the battery) with a wire cutter. Negative terminal Pull up Positive terminal ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 23.3 Removing the Battery Before Discarding the 8846...
  • Page 479 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 23.4 Troubleshooting If the unit does not seem to operate normally, check the following points before requesting service. Problem Check Ref. page LED does not light when the Is power cord connected properly? 45, 46 unit is turned on. The screen and indicators do Has the fuse for the DC power supply blown? not light when using the DC...
  • Page 480 If the unit is not functioning properly, check the "Troubleshooting" list. If a CAUTION problem is found, contact your dealer or HIOKI representative. Pack the unit carefully so that it will not be damaged during transport, and write a detailed description of the problem.
  • Page 481 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Chapter 24 Error and Warning Messages 24.1 Overview Error messages ・Error messages are shown at the bottom of the screen. ・Error messages are displayed until the cause of the error is removed or a key is pressed (in some instances, only the key can be used).
  • Page 482 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 24.2 Error Messages Error no. Message and explanation Reference Set printer paper Printer paper has run out. Load paper. Then keep the PRINT key depressed for a while. Set printer lever Head up/down lever is raised. Lower the lever. Then keep the PRINT key depressed for a while.
  • Page 483 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── 24.3 Warning Messages Warning no. Message and explanation Reference Set printer paper Printer paper has run out. Load paper. Then keep the PRINT key depressed for a while. Set printer lever Head up/down lever is raised. Lower the lever. Then keep the PRINT key depressed for a while.
  • Page 484 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Warning no. Message and explanation Reference Invalid key (recording length) Memory segmentation and waveform processing cannot be carried 325, 386 out, because recording length is too long. Invalid key Recording length setting too high for averaging. Invalid key (display format) Waveform evaluation cannot be carried out, because display format is not single screen or Nyquist display.
  • Page 485 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Warning no. Message and explanation Reference No data in reference memory block There are no data in the reference memory block for the multi- block function. Same setting for reference memory block and current block Reference memory block and currently used block are set to the same values.
  • Page 486 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Warning no. Message and explanation Reference Cannot playback (external sampling) Playback cannot be carried out, because waveform was recorded with external sampling. Cannot playback (not a loaded waveform) Invalid key (X-Y display) Pressed key is invalid,, because current display format is X-Y display.
  • Page 487 Warning no. Message and explanation Reference Cannot read. (MO) There are more files than can be handled by the 8846, and therefore correct information cannot be displayed. Cannot write (write protect) MO disk is write protected. Cannot be created (path name) The directory cannot be created because the path name is too long.
  • Page 488 Cannot make a file No more files can be created in the current directory. Version mismatch This file was created on a later version of the 8846 and cannot be loaded. File error occurs This file format is different from the correct format.
  • Page 489 APPENDIX 1 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix Appendix 1 Glossary Relative humidity (relative amount vs. saturation amount of - % RH moisture vapor in one cubic meter) Conversion of an analog quantity into a digital quantity Device for analog-to-digital conversion A/D converter Abbreviation of "alternating current". Active Low An action is performed when the signal voltage state changes from High to Low.
  • Page 490 APPENDIX 2 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Channel (CH) Input signal route Interference between signals in adjacent channels Channel crosstalk Printout of recorded waveform Chart Paper feed rate at which the chart was created Chart speed Metal frame of the unit Chassis Comment A string input by the user. Also measurement conditions and other information printed for all functions.
  • Page 491 Ground, reference potential Abbreviation of "general-protocol interface bus", an 8-bit bus GP-IB standard used mainly for measuring equipment Interface Device for allowing data exchange between 8846 and a computer. Isolation Separation of electrical circuits from each other Abbreviation of "liquid-crystal display"...
  • Page 492 APPENDIX 4 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Abbreviation of "random access memory" Total amount of sampling data expressed as number of Recording length increments Ripple component AC component of noise Abbreviation of "root mean square" value, also called effective RMS (rms) value. For alternating current, the value identical to the direct current work.
  • Page 493 Appendix 2.1 Memory Recorder Function, Recorder Function Sampling ・The 8846 converts the input signal (analog value) into digital form and performs all internal processing in the digital domain. The analog-to-digital conversion is achieved by sampling, that is measuring the signal level at regular intervals.
  • Page 494 APPENDIX 6 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Aliasing When the frequency of the signal to be measured approaches the sampling frequency, beyond a certain point the measured signal frequency will be lower than the actual signal frequency. Actual input signal Sampling period Observed waveform Aliasing occurs because sampling period is longer than input signal period.
  • Page 495 APPENDIX 7 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Measurement limit frequency ・The sampling theorem says that the sampling frequency must be twice as high as the signal frequency in order to be able to restore the original waveform. ・But in order to reproduce a sine waveform with peaks intact, about 25 sampling points per cycle are required.
  • Page 496 APPENDIX 8 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix 2.2 FFT Function FFT stands for Fast Fourier Transformation, which is a calculation method used to decompose a time-domain waveform into frequency components. By performing FFT calculation, various calculations can be performed. Concept of time domain and frequency domain The signals measured by this memory recorder have values which correspond to time, that is the signals are functions of time.
  • Page 497 APPENDIX 9 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Fourier transformation and the Inverse Fourier transformation The following equations define the Fourier transformation and the Inverse Fourier transformation. F(ω) = |f(t)| = f(t)･exp(-jωt)dt f(t) = |F(ω)| = F(ω)･exp(jωt)dω The function F(ω)generally results in a complex number, and can be expressed as follows.
  • Page 498 APPENDIX 10 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Application of Fourier transform (transfer function, unit-impulse response) As an application of Fourier transform, this section describes a steady-state response in a static linear system. h(t) fin(t) fout(t) Input Output H(ω) Fout(ω) Fin(ω) Stationary Linear System fin(t): time function of input (source signal) fout(t): time function of output (response function) h(t): unit impulse response of linear system t ,τ: time...
  • Page 499 APPENDIX 11 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Aliasing When the frequency of the signal to be measured approaches the sampling frequency, beyond a certain point the measured signal frequency will be lower than the actual signal frequency. In such a case, frequency components that do not exist will appear in the waveform along the frequency axis.
  • Page 500 1/2 of the sampling frequency. Such a low-pass filter is called an anti-aliasing filter. ・The 8919 FFT analog unit incorporates an anti- aliasing filter and therefore allows the 8846 to perform FFT analysis without being subject to aliasing. Anti-aliasing filter Frequency components more than ＦＦＴ...
  • Page 501 APPENDIX 13 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Example 2 When an anti-aliasing filter is used. Input signal Anti-aliasing filter Anti-aliasing filter Anti-aliasing filter Aliasing spectrum components are effectively removed. ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix 2 Reference...
  • Page 502 APPENDIX 14 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Window processing Fourier transform is defined as the integration from negative infinity to positive infinity, but in actual measurement this calculation is not possible. Therefore only a limited segment of the continuous signal is taken for processing. This is called window processing. The FFT algorithm assumes that the data of that limited segment are repeated and defines the input signal using a periodic function for determining the frequency spectrum.
  • Page 503 APPENDIX 15 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Leakage error When the signal waveform as assumed by the FFT algorithm and the actual waveform are different, the processing result will contain an error. This error is called the leakage error. Input signal FU-05.tif FU-06.tif FU-07.tif FU-08.tif Spectrum having small leakage Input signal...
  • Page 504 ・To minimize the leakage error, a suitable window should be chosen which matches the type of input signal. ・Possible window types include rectangular, Hanning, exponential, flat-top, minimum, force, etc. In the 8846, three window functions (rectangular, Hanning, exponential) are available. ・Generally, the rectangular window function is most useful for single waveforms, the Hanning window function for continuous waveforms, and the exponential window function for attenuated waveforms.
  • Page 505 APPENDIX 17 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── ・ Hanning window Input waveform Waveform assumed by FFT processing Hanning window Waveform after window processing ・ Exponential window Input waveform Waveform assumed by FFT processing Exponential window Waveform after window processing ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix 2 Reference...
  • Page 506 APPENDIX 18 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────── Appendix 3 Reference Table When carrying out measurement with a time axis range faster than that of following table using the MO disk which has had frequent file additions and deletions made, the resulting fragmentation may cause recording to be lost, and the measurement to stop.
  • Page 507 INDEX 1 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Index - A - - B - A4 print Backlight saver Block display 425, 430 AND/OR BUSY 201, 210, 216 Absolute value AC power connector - C - AC power supply AC power switch 143, 164 CH.SET Accessories 179, 422 CH.SET key...
  • Page 508 INDEX 2 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── - D - - F - Dark FEED 181, 268 5, 264, 272 DC power supply FEED key 5, 264, 272 DC power supply connector 17, 74, 127 Deleting a file FFT analysis mode 17, 140 Dileting a directory FFT channel mode 17, 129 File information...
  • Page 509 INDEX 3 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Linear spectrum - I - 143, 152 List and gauge function 129, 143, 166 List print 19, 273 327, 340 Logic input 23, 178-180 INT2 327, 340 Logic probe 24, 48 Initialization of setting item Logic probe connection Initialize setting Logic trigger 14, 211...
  • Page 510 INDEX 4 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── RMS spectrum - O - 143, 154 RMS value 143, 170 Roll mode Octave analysis 143, 170 ROM/RAM check Octave filter Root Option 21, A3 Optional accessories - S - 348, 362 Safety symbol Sampling - P - 84, 107, A4, A5 Sampling frequency Paint...
  • Page 511 INDEX 5 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Store area - W - Warning Superimpose Waveform evaluation 18, 361-366 Symbols Waveform parameter calculation SYSTEM 5, 59, 220 Waveform parameter evaluation SYSTEM key 5, 59, 220 Waveform processing 19, 323-325 System reset 223, 458 Window 132, 157 Window function 132, A16, A17 - T -...
  • Page 512 INDEX 6 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────── Index...

Table of Contents