Perkins 1104D Operation And Maintenance Manual page 60

60
Maintenance Section
Fluid Recommendations
Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur
Levels for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel
Engines
The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on
the fuel sulfur level. For direct injection engines that
use distillate fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil
must be 10 times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is
defined by "ASTM D2896". The minimum TBN of the
oil is 5 regardless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 30
demonstrates the TBN.
Illustration 30
(Y) TBN by "ASTM D2896"
(X) Percentage of fuel sulfur by weight
(1) TBN of new oil
(2) Change the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of the
original TBN.
Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that
exceed 1.5 percent:
• Choose an oil with the highest TBN that meets
one of these classifications: EMA DHD-1 and API
CH-4.
• Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil
change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the
oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and a
wear metal analysis.
Excessive piston deposits can be produced by an oil
with a high TBN. These deposits can lead to a loss of
control of the oil consumption and to the polishing of
the cylinder bore.
NOTICE
Operating Direct Injection (DI) diesel engines with
fuel sulphur levels over 0.5 percent will require short-
ened oil change intervals in order to help maintain ad-
equate wear protection.
Table 10
Percentage of Sulfur in the
fuel
Lower than 0.5
0.5 to 1.0
Greater than 1.0
Lubricant Viscosity Recommendations
for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel Engines
The correct SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined
by the minimum ambient temperature during cold
engine start-up, and the maximum ambient
temperature during engine operation.
Refer to Table 11 (minimum temperature) in order to
determine the required oil viscosity for starting a cold
engine.
Refer to Table 11 (maximum temperature) in order to
select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the
highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.
Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is
available to meet the requirement for the temperature
g00799818
at start-up.
Table 11
EMA LRG-1
API CH-4
Viscosity Grade
SAE 0W20
SAE 0W30
SAE 0W40
SAE 5W30
SAE 5W40
SAE 10W30
SAE 15W40
Synthetic Base Stock Oils
Synthetic base oils are acceptable for use in these
engines if these oils meet the performance
requirements that are specified for the engine.
Synthetic base oils generally perform better than
conventional oils in the following two areas:
• Synthetic base oils have improved flow at low
temperatures especially in arctic conditions.
• Synthetic base oils have improved oxidation
stability especially at high operating temperatures.
SEBU8172-04
Oil change interval
Normal
0.75 of normal
0.50 of normal
Engine Oil Viscosity
Ambient Temperature
Minimum Maximum
−40 °C (−40 °F) 10 °C (50 °F)
−40 °C (−40 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)
−40 °C (−40 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
−30 °C (−22 °F) 30 °C (86 °F)
−30 °C (−22 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
−20 °C (−4 °F) 40 °C (104 °F)
−10 °C (14 °F) 50 °C (122 °F)