Appendixc - High Fire Cone Programs - Orton MILL IRON TOOLS Arrow Springs AutoFire ASC/6 User Manual

Appendix C – High Fire Cone Programs
Cones 1 to 10
The firing range of higher temperature bodies, such as stoneware and porcelain varies between Cone 4 and Cone
10. These bodies are fired nearly to vitrification and can shrink up to 16%. As with earthenware bodies, water,
carbon, and sulfur are potential burnout materials and venting is important to remove gases generated. With the
presence of silica, the firing needs to be slowed near 1063°F (573°C) to prevent cracking.
Typical porcelain bodies are formulated from kaolin, feldspars, silica, and ball clays. The weight loss during firing
can be around 10 to 12% and shrinkage can approach 20%.
Porcelain bodies require good temperature uniformity at their final firing temperature. If slightly overfired, the
body may warp or blister. On maturing, the body becomes its own "glaze." A hold time is usually desirable for
best fired results.
The complete firing schedules for Cones 1 to 12 are shown below. The standard firing time is about 10-12 hours.
Hi Fire Ramp 1 Target
Cone # Degrees/
° ° ° ° F
hour
1 324 1022
2 324 1022
3 324 1022
4 324 1022
5 324 1022
6 324 1022
7 324 1022
8 324 1022
9 324 1022
10 324 1022
Hi Fire Ramp 1 Target
Cone # Degrees/ ° ° ° ° C
hour
1 180 550
2 180 550
3 180 550
4 180 550
5 180 550
6 180 550
7 180 550
8 180 550
9 180 550
10 180 550
AF4X Kiln Controller
Degrees F
Ramp 2 Target Ramp 3
Degrees/ Degrees/
° ° ° ° F
hour
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
153 1112
Degrees C
Ramp 2 Target Ramp 3
Degrees/ ° ° ° ° C Degrees/
hour
85 600
85 600
85 600
85 600
85 600
85 600
85 600
85 600
85 600
85 600
28
Target Ramp 4
Degrees/
° ° ° ° F
hour hour
162 1863 108
162 1872 108
162 1890 108
162 1908 108
162 1951 108
162 2016 108
162 2046 108
162 2064 108
162 2084 108
162 2129 108
Target Ramp 4
° ° ° ° C Degrees/
hour hour
90 1017
90 1022
90 1032
90 1042
90 1066
90 1102
90 1119
90 1129
90 1140
90 1165
Target
° ° ° ° F
2079
2088
2106
2124
2167
2232
2262
2280
2300
2345
Target
° ° ° ° C
60 1137
60 1142
60 1152
60 1162
60 1186
60 1222
60 1239
60 1249
60 1260
60 1285