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Appendix B – Mid Fire Cone Programs
Cones O10 to O1
This firing range is used to fire earthenware and low temperature glazes. If the ware is not thoroughly dried, a
preheat cycle can be added. With lead-free glazes, a 10 to 20 minute hold is beneficial.
Earthenware or other bodies containing ball clays, talc, and kaolin contain compounds such as water, carbon, and
sulfur that are burned-off during the firing. The body will lose about 10% of its weight. In addition, a physical
change in any silica present can cause cracking of ware unless the heating rate is slowed near 1063°F (573°C).
This change occurs during both heating and cooling.
The complete firing schedules for Cones O10 to O1 are shown below. The standard firing time is about 7-9 hours.
Mid Fire
Ramp 1
Target
Cone #
Degrees/
hour
010
324
09
324
08
324
07
324
06
324
05
324
04
324
03
324
02
324
01
324
Mid Fire Ramp 1
Target
Cone #
Degrees/
hour
010
180
09
180
08
180
07
180
06
180
05
180
04
180
03
180
02
180
01
180
AF4X Kiln Controller
Ramp 2
Target
Degrees/
° ° ° ° F
° ° ° ° F
hour
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
1022
153
1112
Ramp 2
Target
° ° ° ° C
Degrees/
° ° ° ° C
hour
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
550
85
600
Degrees F
Ramp 3
Target
Degrees/
° ° ° ° F
hour
180
1549
180
1580
180
1620
180
1681
180
1720
180
1780
180
1837
180
1879
180
1908
180
1938
Degrees C
Ramp 3
Target
Degrees/
° ° ° ° C
hour
100
843
100
860
100
882
100
916
100
938
100
971
100
1003
100
1026
100
1042
100
1059
27
Ramp 4
Target
Degrees/
° ° ° ° F
hour
108
1657
108
1688
108
1728
108
1789
108
1828
108
1888
108
1945
108
1987
108
2016
108
2046
Ramp 4
Target
Degrees/
° ° ° ° C
hour
60
903
60
920
60
942
60
976
60
998
60
1031
60
1063
60
1086
60
1102
60
1119
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