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Tektronix P7313SMA Technical Reference

13 ghz differential probe
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P7313SMA
13 GHz Differential Probe
Technical Reference
*P071196800*
071-1968-00

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Summary of Contents for Tektronix P7313SMA

  • Page 1 P7313SMA 13 GHz Differential Probe Technical Reference *P071196800* 071-1968-00...
  • Page 3 P7313SMA 13 GHz Differential Probe Technical Reference www.tektronix.com 071-1968-00...
  • Page 4 Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material.
  • Page 5 Warranty 2 Tektronix warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective during this warranty period, Tektronix, at its option, either will repair the defective product without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective product.

  • Page 7: Table Of Contents

    Preparation for Shipment ..................... .. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 8 Table of Contents P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 9: General Safety Summary

    If you suspect that there is damage to this product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel. Avoid Exposed Circuitry. Do not touch exposed connections and components when power is present. Do Not Operate in Wet/Damp Conditions. Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere. Keep Product Surfaces Clean and Dry. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 10 DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the marking. WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you read the marking. CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product. The following symbols may appear on the product: P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 11: Preface

    Preface Preface This is the technical reference manual for the P7313SMA differential probe. This manual provides operating theory, specifications, and performance verification procedures for the probe. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 12 Preface P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 13: Operating Basics

    This measurement technique, which is commonly refered to as pseudo-differential measurement, has a number of limitations when compared to the use of a differential probe like the P7313SMA. In addition to the obvious overhead of two oscilloscope channels for the measurement instead of the single channel needed by a differential probe, there are a number of additional problems.
  • Page 14 An SMA-input probe like the P7313SMA has a very different input structure. It has a dual, matched 50 Ω input that is designed to terminate the measured signal transmission path with minimum reflections. It is designed specifically for serial compliance testing.

  • Page 15: Probe Block Diagram (Simplified)

    CMRR generally is highest (best) at DC and degrades with increasing frequency. The typical CMRR response of the P7313SMA differential probe over frequency is shown in Specifications. (See Figure 15 on page 27.) High CMRR in a differential probe requires careful matching of the two input paths. Poorly matched signal source impedances can significantly degrade the CMRR of a measurement.
  • Page 16 Optional Accessories. (See page 48, Optional Accessories.) Input Termination Network The input termination network in the P7313SMA differential probe includes a pair of attenuation resistor networks laser trimmed to 50 Ω terminations, connected together at a common-mode voltage node, labeled V .
  • Page 17 CAUTION. To avoid damaging the inputs of the P7313SMA differential probe, do not apply more than ±5 V (DC + peak AC) between each input and ground. In addition, to avoid probe damage, the maximum termination resistor power must not be exceeded.
  • Page 18 This results in the terms to be used in the preceding power equations: NOTE. With a balanced DC signal, in the preceding equations, V is half of the value of a conventional differential signal. Figure 3: Probe maximum input limits P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 19 Probe Amplifier Outputs. The P7313SMA probe has a differential signal output. The positive polarity output is connected to the oscilloscope through the TekConnect probe interface. The inverted polarity output is connected to the Aux Output SMA connector on the top of the probe.

  • Page 20: Termination Voltage Control

    Termination Voltage Control The P7313SMA probe termination voltage can be controlled either internally or externally, as selected by three different modes. A block diagram of the probe termination network is shown. (See Figure 5.) A discussion of the circuitry follows.
  • Page 21 Operating Basics The P7313SMA probe is designed for compliance testing of high-speed, serial data standards such as PCI Express, InfiniBand, SerialATA, XAUI, Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and others. All of these high-speed, differential data standards define a common-mode voltage less than the +3.6 V/–2.5 V termination range of the P7313SMA probe.

  • Page 22: Overdrive Error

    Overdrive Error The P7313SMA differential probe can measure signals that have a common-mode voltage range of ±2.5 V. Although the termination voltage range is specified to be +3.6 V/–2.5 V, limitations on the linear current range of the termination voltage...

  • Page 23: Differential And Single-Ended Signal Measurement

    Differential Measurement Topology A typical differential measurement topology using the P7313SMA probe is shown. (See Figure 7.) The termination network for the probe in this figure includes a termination capacitor. This is intended to show that the termination network provides a broadband AC ground for common-mode signals.
  • Page 24 Single-Ended Measurement Topology Although the P7313SMA differential probe can be used to make single-ended measurements, it is important to understand the impact of the termination network on the measured response, particularly on the DC common-mode component of the signal.
  • Page 25 50 Ω termination resistor inside the probe positive input connector. This matched source impedance topology is the only single-ended topology that can be correctly used with Auto mode. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 26 TekConnect oscilloscope will display the full single-ended input signal when V equals V Although this topology displays the correct DC common-mode voltage, it also has a greater risk of exceeding the probe dynamic range and overdriving the probe amplifier. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 27 V and the termination voltage, V . In the special but common case, where V , only the AC component is displayed, somewhat like an AC-coupled condition. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 28 Because the common-mode DC voltage of many serial data signals is larger than the signal differential mode voltage, the relatively small single-ended dynamic range in the 2.5X attenuation setting may not be adequate. As a result, single-ended measurements will generally be made using the 12.5X attenuation setting. P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 29: Extending The Input Connections

    Extending the input leads will also increase the skin loss and dielectric loss, which may result in distorted high-frequency pulse edges. You must take into account any effects caused by the extended leads when you take a measurement. P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 30: Checking Cable Skew

    1 ps by using a pair of phase adjusters. (See page 48, Optional Accessories.) You can measure the skew of a pair of matched cables by connecting the cables to a Tektronix 80E08 or 80E10 Sampling Head, configured for a TDR output.

  • Page 31: Adjusting Cable Skew

    6. Confirm that the skew is acceptable after you tighten the locking nuts, as the adjustment may change slightly during tightening. 7. Disconnect the cables from the sampling head, and connect them to the P7313SMA probe head. P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 32: Deskewing Probes

    You can measure the skew between two P7313SMA probes by using a Tektronix 80E10 Sampling Head configured for a TDR output. Because the skew of the P7313SMA probe inputs is less than 1 ps, two P7313SMA probes can be deskewed using single-ended drive signals from a dual-channel TDR source.
  • Page 33 Click the Deskew field and input the time value you measured with the cursors in step 10. Use the front-panel controls to position the signal. Use the on-screen controls to position the signal. 15. Repeat steps 3 through 14 for each additional channel that you want to deskew. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 34 Operating Basics P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 35: Reference

    This section contains reference information about communication standards and related differential measurements. Serial Bus Standards Some popular high-speed data communication standards that can be measured with the P7313SMA differential probe are listed below. (See Table 3.) Table 3: Serial bus standards with dynamic range requirements...

  • Page 36: Infiniband

    (b) is measured with a differential probe connected between the two signals in (a). The V diff diff signal represents the result of the receiver processing the two complementary input signals from the driver shown in (a), and cannot be measured directly as a single-ended signal. Figure 14: InfiniBand signals P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 37: Specifications

    Specifications The specifications in the following tables apply to a P7313SMA probe installed on a TDS6804 oscilloscope. The probe must have a warm-up period of at least 20 minutes and be in an environment that does not exceed the limits described. (See Table 4.) Specifications for the P7313SMA differential probe fall into three categories: warranted, typical, and nominal...

  • Page 38: Typical Characteristics

    = 0 V, V = ±2.0 V <±5 mV, +20 °C to +30 °C (+68 °F to +86 °F) = ±2.5 V, V = 0 V <±5 mV, +20 °C to +30 °C (+68 °F to +86 °F) P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 39 = ±1.0% of: 800 mV dynamic range = 8.00 mV (2.5 X) 3.6 V dynamic range = 36.0 mV (12.5 X) Typical differential CMRR plot for the probe. (See Figure 15.) Figure 15: Typical CMRR plot P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 40 Specifications Typical differential input return loss plot for the probe. (See Figure 16.) Figure 16: Typical differential input return loss Typical differential-mode bandwidth plot for the probe. (See Figure 17.) Figure 17: Typical differential-mode bandwidth P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 41 Specifications Typical eye pattern as measured with the probe. (See Figure 18.) Figure 18: Typical eye pattern Typical step response as measured with the probe. (See Figure 19.) Figure 19: Typical differential step response P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 42: Nominal Characteristics

    Output coupling and termination DC, terminate output into 50 Ω Auxiliary signal output SMA output All TekConnect host instruments recognize this gain setting and adjust the Volts/Div setting to correspond to a normal 1-2-5 sequence of gains. P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 43: Mechanical Characteristics

    48.0 mm × 31.8 mm ×129.5 mm (1.9 in × 1.3 in × 5.1 in) Unit weight 230 g (0.51 lb) Shipping weight (includes shipping materials) 1.38 kg (3.1 lb) Standard cable assembly length 0.96 m (38 in) Figure 20: Probe dimensions P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 44: Performance Verification

    A list of the equipment required to verify the performance of your probe is shown. (See Table 8.) Table 8: Equipment required for performance verification Item description Performance requirement Recommended example Oscilloscope TekConnect interface Tektronix TDS6804 or TDS7704 Sampling Oscilloscope Windows 2000 OS, with oscilloscope Tektronix TDS8000 FW ≥V2.5 (for compatibility with Tektronix 80E08/10 modules) Sampling Module...

  • Page 45: Special Adapters Required

    Standard accessory included with the probe. One adapter is included with the probe. Special Adapters Required Some of the adapters listed in the previous table are available only from Tektronix. These adapters are described on the following pages. TekConnect-to-SMA Adapter The TekConnect-to-SMA Adapter, Tektronix part number TCA-SMA, allows signals from an SMA cable or probe to be connected to a TekConnect input.

  • Page 46: Equipment Setup

    5. Turn on both oscilloscopes and allow 20 minutes for the equipment to warm up. 6. Photocopy the test record to record the performance test results. (See Table 9 on page 47.) Figure 22: Preliminary test setup P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 47: Input Resistance

    6. Add the two measurements from steps 4 and 5, and divide the total by two. Record the result in the test record. 7. Connect the probe to the oscilloscope channel that you will use in the next test so that the probe warms up to operating temperature. Figure 23: Checking differential mode input resistance P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 48: Termination Voltage Accuracy

    5. Set the power supply as close as practical to 0.000 volts, and use the DMM to measure this input voltage at the terminals on the front of the probe. Record this voltage as Vin on the test record. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 49 4. Use the DMM to verify that the termination voltage output at the Vterm monitor jacks on the top of the probe is within the limits on the test record. Record this value as Vout on the test record. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the +2.500 volt and -2.500 volt input values listed in the test record. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 50 Record this voltage as Vout on the test record, and verify that the Vout voltage is within the specified limits in the min/max columns. 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 for the +2.500 volt and -2.500 volt input values listed in the test record. P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 51: Output Offset Zero

    5. Set the multimeter to read DC volts. 6. Verify that the output voltage is 0 V, ±2.5 mV for both the 2.5X and 12.5X attenuation settings. 7. Record the results on the test record. P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 52: Dc Gain Accuracy

    6. Connect the BNC-to-dual banana plug adapters into the opposite power supplies to reverse the voltage polarity to the probe inputs. (See Figure 28 on page 41.) 7. Record the actual source voltage (now a negative value), as V P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 53 13. Repeat steps 2 through 9, but in step 3, set each power supply to +0.7 V (+1.4 V differential total). 14. Verify that the gain is 0.08, ±2.0%. 15. Record the calculated gain on the test record. P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 54: Rise Time

    7 in-lbs. Figure 29: Test system rise time setup NOTE. The firmware of the 80A03 TekConnect Probe Interface used to power the probe must be version V2.2 or above. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 55 Units in the TDR Setups menu, and sets the horizontal scale, position, and reference. The sampling module will turn on a red light next to the SELECT channel button, indicating that TDR is activated for that channel. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 56 16. Use the oscilloscope measurement capability to display rise time. Increase the stability of the pulse edge measurement by using averaging, if available. Rise time is measured from the 10% and 90% amplitude points on the waveform. Record the rise time as t P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 57 24. Use the oscilloscope measurement capability to display rise time. Rise time is determined from the 10% and 90% amplitude points on the waveform. Record the rise time as t s+p. 25. Calculate the probe rise time using the following formula: 26. Record the calculated probe rise time on the test record. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 58 7. Set the attenuation on the probe to 2.5X and set the vertical scale to 20 mV/div, averaging on. 8. Repeat steps 21 through 25 for the 2.5X attenuation setting. 9. Record the calculated probe rise time on the test record. P7313SMA Technical Reference...
  • Page 59 Vin - 82 mV Vin______Vout______ Vin + 82 mV Output offset zero 2.5X -2.5 mV +2.5 mV 12.5X -2.5 mV +2.5 mV DC gain accuracy 2.5X 0.392 0.408 12.5X 0.0784 0.0816 2.5X 40 ps Differential rise time 12.5X 40 ps P7313SMA Technical Reference...

  • Page 60: Optional Accessories

    Optional Accessories Optional Accessories The optional accessories that you can order for the P7313SMA differential probe are listed below. (See Table 10.) Table 10: Optional accessories Description Accessory Phase adjuster. Use two phase adjusters if you need to bring the skew between inputs to 1 ps or less because of skew in the device under test differential signal path.

  • Page 61: Options

    Options Options These options are available when ordering the P7313SMA probe: Option D1-Calibration Data Report Option CA1-A single calibration event or coverage for the designated calibration interval, whichever comes first. Option D3-Calibration Data Report, 3 years (with Option C3) Option C3-Calibration Service 3 years...

  • Page 62: Maintenance

    Refer to the Quick Start User Manual for a list of replaceable accessories for your probe. If your probe does not meet the specifications tested in the Performance Verification, you can send the probe to Tektronix for repair. Follow the procedure below to prevent damage to the probe during shipping.

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